Introduction to Samcef Bacon command

Liege 17 April 2013

11-01-2013
Crouzier
<author>Régis LMS Samtech
LMS Samtech
Chapters

Chapter 1: What is Bacon ?

Chapter 2: Language syntax

Chapter 3: What is a model ?

Chapter 4: The mesh

Chapter 5: Groups of nodes/elements/…

Chapter 6: Mathematical model

Chapter 7: Material

Chapter 8: Physical properties

Chapter 9: Loads and boundary conditions

Chapter 10: Pre-processing, check data

Chapter 11: Post-processing

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(I1) What is Bacon ?

 Bacon is the pre & post processing module of the Samcef suite.

 It reads instructions from the keyboard or a bank file.

 The instructions are structured in a command language.

 How to start Bacon from a terminal/ Dos shell :

samcef ba name y|n 1|2|3

name name of the problem -> bank file=name.dat
y|n use or not optional files
1|2|3 foreground | background |
batch execution

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(I2) Bacon as pre-processing module

Keyboard Bank Files

IGES cad
Name.sam
ANALYSIS
BACON
(ASEF,…)
Name.sdb
FEM data

Nastran Bulk

Neutral file
Name.spy Name_xx.u18
Others …

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(I3) Bacon as post-processing module

Keyboard

Name.sdb

Image
Jpeg, ps
FAC BACON
Excel.csv

Name_xx.des
Name_xx.u18 Bank Files Name.spy
Name_xx.fac

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(I4) Bacon most important related files

 *.spy Spy file (MODE M)

*.sam Prepared data for

computation

*.dat Bank file

*.sdb Database

*_yy.des & *_yy.fac Prepared results files

(produced by the FAC
program)
bacon.ini Initialisation file
(located in the home
directory; "bank file"
like)

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(L1) Language syntax

 .NOEUDS I 1 X 10.0 Y (44*12) Z (/myz)

A point in 3 significant
Parameters Values
column 1 characters

 MODE LECTURE 512

Mixed of French and

Start in 4 significant English in the names of the
column 1 characters commands & parameters.

 max 512 characters per input line (see $)

 lowercase or UPERCASE, no matter...
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(L2) Language syntax

 For each command, a set of allowed parameters

 Some parameters have default values, other not !

 See online help for more details

 A blank between the command name and the 1st parameter:

 .NOE I 1 ....

 .NOEI 1

 A blank between a parameter and its value :

 .NOE I 1 X 10

 Other extra blanks are ignored

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(L3) Syntax command: special characters

&
 comment the whole line
• This is a commented line &
• .NOE I 1 X ...
!
 comment the end of the line
• .NOE I 1 X ... ! my first point
;
 split line
• .NOE I 1 X 1 ; vi ; I 2 X 2
$
 continuation line ; to divide a input line greater than 512 characters or to give a better
layout to a bank file
• .NOE I 1 $
X1$
Y1
 (..)
 expression to evaluate
• .NOE I 1 X (44*32)

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(L4a) 1st type of command: . XXX

 Point in column 1

 Standard command.

 When invoke :
 close the previous command,
 flush data created/modified/computed
 and then....

 (Nearly all of these commands do it)

(a) load the mesh

(b) initialize internal data

Time consuming !

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(L4b) Some important .XXX commands

 .NOE, .MAI, .EXT, .CMA Manual mesh

.POINT, .DROITE.... CAD meshing

.GEN
.MAT, .AEL Material definition

.PHP Physical properties

.CLM, .CLT Loads & Boundary

conditions
.SUBCASE, .SAM Computation strategy
managment
.SAUVE BANQUE Saving the model in a
structured format
.FIN Preparing the model
for computation

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(L5a) 2nd type of command: ABC

 No point in column 1
 Command keyname must start in column 1

INPUT Read bank file INPUT "mesh1.dat”

RETURN Stop reading and .NOE ...

(CLOSE) return to the calling ...
file RETURN

EXIT Stop reading and .NOE ...

returned to the ...
keyboard EXIT

GRAP Graphic attribute GRAP NOE

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(L5b) 2nd type of command: continued

 ABRE Abbreviation ABRE "/myz” "33.33”

definition

MODE Operating mode MODE LECTURE 256

ASSIGN I/O file

assignation

TITRE TITLE TITRE "Hello World”

....

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(L6a) INPUT and the bank files

 What are bank files ?

 Bank files are «<name>.dat» files where models (or part of models) are
described.
 They are loaded through the INPUT command.

INPUT.NOM "file.dat" .NOM &

.NOE ...
BACON …
…
…
EXIT
optional
«jump to» point
file.dat

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(L6b) INPUT and bank files (continued)

 Cascading INPUT
file.dat file2.dat
INPUT.NOM "file"

…
.NOM (optional) …
…
BACON INPUT "FILE2"
… RETURN
…
INPUT "FILE3" file3.dat
…

… …
…
EXIT …
RETURN CLOSE

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(L6c) INPUT .... (continued)

 INPUT "..... " FILTRE

 FILTRE: ignore keywords define in the MODE FILTRE "...." command

 By default, ignore "VISUALISE;DPOINT;DIGIT"

 Usefull when reading a spy file:

• INPUT "geo.spy" FILTRE

 INPUT "..." ONLY

 Restrict reading action to specific commands

A current loaded bank file cannot be edited

while BACON is running

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(L7a) Two different bank files

 Your own «freely The Bacon structured

structured» bank file bank file; defined fixed
format
.NOE I 1 X 1.5 .... .NOE I 1 X 1.5000E00
... ...
.MAI I 1 ... I 11 ...
.... ...
.NOE I 11 ... .MAI I 1 N ....
... ...
. MAT I 1 .. I 100 ....
... ...
.MAI I 100 ... .MAT I 1 ...
...

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(L7b) bank files in Sfield

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(L7c) bank files in Sfield

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(L8a) ABRE: defining abbreviations

 ABRE "/ myabre" "value"

Keyword Definition
The definition is a string,
even if it only contains a
number
Abbreviation tag

Field locator Unique for all abbreviations

Use / or % only
Use " or ' only.
" preserves the case

 ABRE "/myx" "33.33"

.NOE I 1 X /myx

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(L8b) ABRE: use

 The abbreviation is evaluated when used

 ABRE "/myx" "33.33"

....
.NOE I 11 X /myx 33.33
...
INPUT "a.dat" …
... ABRE "/myx" "44"
.NOE I 1000 X /myx 44 …
…
…
RETURN a.dat

ABRE "/myx" "33.33"

ABRE "/mytt" "/myx-33"
...
.NOE I ... Y (/mytt+2.1)
Question: what does /mytt content here ?

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It's now to you to play


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(Ex1a) 1st exercice

 Build a 5 X 5 elements XY squared mesh

 The plate has a size of 1000*1000 mm
 Build the geometry using the command : .point, .droite
 Build the mesh at degree 1using the command : .cont, .dom, .gen

See online doc for details

about the commands

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(Ex2a) 2nd exercice

 Same as exercice 1 but parameterize through abbreviations the points

coordinates:

Using Abbreviations.

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(L10a) Force evaluation of abbreviations

 Why ?
 We saw that abbreviations are only evaluated when used.
 Sometimes it may interesting to evaluate it and to continue the
model with the new value
• ABRE "/myabre" "/a+/b-/c........"
• ABRE "/myabre" " ' '/myabre' "
Single quotes !

' '/myabre'
 Sometimes, force evaluation is compulsory
 ABRE "/myvalue1" "1.1"
 ABRE "/myvalue" "2.2+/myvalue"

 ECHO "This is /myvalue" This is /myvalue

 Echo "This ' '/myvalue' " This is 3.3

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(L10b) Force evaluation of abbreviations

 .DEL.*
 ABRE "/DX" "1.0"
 ABRE "/DY" "1.0"
 ABRE "/MYABRE" "/DX -3*/DY"

 ABRE "/MYABRE" /DX - 3*DY

 .NOE I 1 X (/MYABRE) X = -2.0

 ABRE "/MYABRE" "''/MYABRE'"

 ABRE "/MYABRE" -2.0

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(L11) Mathematical operations in (...)

 Basic: +, -, *, /, :, **

 Math SIN sine function

COS cosine function
TAN tangent function
ASIN inverse sine function
ACOS inverse cosine function
ATAN inverse tangent function
LOG logarithm (base 10)
LN neperian logarithm INT integer part
ABS absolute value NINT nearest-integer function
SQR square root
MIN minimum value
MAX maximum value
PI the 3.1415... constant
MOD(a,b) modulo function
SIGN(a,b) abs(a) with sign of b

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(L14) The spy file

 <problem_name>.spy
 Records every action
 Driven by MODE M <value>

 MODE M -1 ! spy file disable

 MODE M 1 ! reduced spy file (INPUT keystroke ignored, ...)

 MODE M 2 ! full spy file (default)

The spy file cannot be edited while

BACON is running

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(L15a) MODE TRACE

 Log information in an external text file

Start log
 MODE TRACE "trace.txt"
...
LIST
...
ECHO "..."
...
MODE TRACE 0
Switch log on/off
...
MODE TRACE
...
...
MODE TRACE 0
CLOSE "trace.txt" Close log file

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(L15b) MODE TRACE (continued)

 !***TRACE Bacon number 1 on file (42)***

Trace file : 42 - /directory/file.txt"
!***TRACE Bacon number 2 on file (42)***
### NODES 1 AND 2 ###
!***TRACE Bacon number 3 on file (42)***
I 1 X 1.00000E+00 Y 1.00000E+00
I 2 X 2.00000E+00 Y 2.00000E+00
Number of listed nodes = 2

Each command have its own format

for listing data

Not all commands can list data !

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End of first part

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(MO1) What is a model ?

 A model contains

 a mesh

 a mathematical model for the elements behavior

 materials & physical properties

 loads & boundary conditions

 a computation strategy

 Except for beams, no units system has to be set up.

You have to ensure a consistent units system by your own

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(ME1) The mesh: automatic mesher

Points
.POI .3PO Surfaces
.PLAN .RULED
 .COONS .NURBS
Lines
.DRO .3DR .ARC .3ARC .SPL
.3SPL .ELL .LIM .3LI
Volume Domain .FACE
.VPEAU .DOM .BOX

Open Contour Close Contour

.CON .CON

Line Domain
Surface
.DOM
Domain .DOM

Mesher
.GEN

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(ME2) The mesh: automatic mesher (continued)

 + basic tools too manipulate CAD entities

 + several mesher in .GEN

 Pavor, triangle
 transfinite
 LUI
 ...

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 (ME3) Tools to improve the mesh

 .LIS: improve automatic meshing

 .EXT: extruding a 2D mesh

 .CMA copying/moving meshes

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(GR1) Groups

No blend !
 Groups of nodes, elements, faces

 .SEL GROUP <id> <type_keyword> (NOM "...")

<selection>

 Ex: .SEL GROUP 8 MAILLES NOM "myfirstgroup"

NOEUDS for nodes

MAILLES for elements
edges of 2D elements are FACES for faces
selected with the
FACES keyword

There is no way to
select edges of
volumes

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(GR2) Groups (continued)

 <selection>

 I - J - K - ! loop on ids

 BOITE ... ! box

 TOUT

 ORIENTATION ...

 Example
• .SEL GROUP 1 MAILL
BOITE CYLINDER 4 4 RAYON 5

GROUPE 2 NOEUDS
TRANSFORM 1

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(GR3) Groups (continued)

 Group edition

 UNION, DIFFERENCE, ...

 TRANSFORM from one type to another

 add / remove individual entities

 ...etc

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(HYP1) Mathematical model: .HYP

 .HYP <keyword> Topology

<selection>
<selection>
......

Keyword
MINDlin 21 22 28 29 8 46 47
VOLUmic 151 22 57 58 8 46 47

One keyword for one family of elements

SAMCEF element type id

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(HYP2) .HYP (continued)

 <selection>

 I-J-K-

 ATT -

 GROUP –

 Example: .HYP VOLUME

 volume T8, T46, T47

 membrane T57, T58

 rod

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(HYP3) .HYP (continued)

 Example: .HYP MINDLIN (shells)

 T28 et T29

 .AEL EXCE -

Exce>0

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(HYP4) .HYP (continued)

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(MAT1) Material

 .MAT I <id> (NOM "...")

<behaviour>

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(MAT2) Material (continued)

 <behaviour>: example

 BEHAV "Elastic"

YT - ! Young modulus

NT - ! Poisson ratio

A - ! Thermal expansion coefficient

KIRCHOFF (BIOT) (CAUCHY) ! Stress / strain measurement

......
 Attached to elements

 .AEL <elements_selections> MAT <matid> or "<mat_name>"

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(PHY1) Physical properties

 .PHP: to define thicknesses of shells and membranes

 PHP THICK <elements_selection> VALUE <thickness_value>

 <elements_selection>
• I - J - K - explicit list
• TOUT
• GROUP group_id or GROUP "group_name"
• ATT cells attributes
• ...

 <thickness_value>
• one average thickness on the element

or

• as many thicknesses as element's vertices

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(PHY2) Physical properties (continued)

 Exemple

 PHP THICK GROUP "bottom" VALUE 1.12

 LIST, VI, .. facilities to control the data

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(PHY3) Physical properties (continued)

 Element axes basics: .FRAME + .AEL .. FRAME ...

 (A) Volume:
 default axes =structural axes

 Tuned axis: .FRAME . .. + AEL .. FRAME -

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(PHY4) Physical properties (continued)

 (B) Shell
 Default axes:
 1st axis = edge 1->2 of the element
 3rd axis = the normal to the element
 2nd axis = cross product of the two above

 Tuned axes: .FRAME . .. + AEL .. FRAME - THETA -

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(PHY5) Physical properties (continued)

 (C) Volumic shells

 (D) Composite
see online help
 .FRAME I - TYPE - ORIGIN - - - V1 .. V2 .. V3 ..

Type of frame: cartesian, cylindrical, ... Axes definition:

- cosine
- points
- nodes
- ..

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(LBC1) Loads & Boundary conditions

 .CLM/.CLT
 .CLM <what> <where> <values>

Values:
Type of loads: VAL - NC -
- pressure (PRESS) VAL - TIME -
- nodal loads (CHA) Support: VAL NF - TIME
- ... NOEUDS
ELEMENTS
FACES
GROUP
Type of boundary conditions: ....
- clamps (FIX)
- prescribed displ. (DEP) Check in the online help
- ... which load an type of
element is able to undergo:
CLM/CLT commands do
 Check: VI, LIST, ... not check it !

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(LBC3) Loads & Boundary conditions

 Local axes on nodes

 .AXL I - FRAME -

 Nodal forces applied on nodes

follow local axes definition

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(DES1) Pre-Processing – Check data

 Check the mesh : .DES

 Check the mesh

• Select elements by groups
• Selection by type (quadrangle – triangle –hexa –penta …..)
 Check axl / isotropic material /….
 Visualise mesh (see grap command)

 Check boundary conditions : .CLM/.CLT

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It's now to you to play


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(Ex3a) 3rd exercise

 Load the "ex03-mesh.dat" file and defines:

 a MINDLIN hypothesis to all the elements

 a simple Elastic material (Young and Poisson's ratio) using the given
abbreviations; attached this material to all the elements

 a thickness for all the elements using the given abbreviations

 Tip: use online help for all the commands parameters

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(Ex3b) 3rd exercice

 .HYP MINDLIN
 .MAT I 1
 BEHAV "Elastic"
 Yt (/Young)
 Nt (/nu)
 .SEL GROUP "E_All" MAILLE TOUT
 .PHP GROUP "E_All" THICK VAL (/T)
 .AEL GROUP "E_All" MAT 1

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(Ex4a) 4th exercice

 Use the completed exercice 3 bank file to define the boundary condition:

 all the nodes on the edges of the plate must be clamped

 Tip: use .SEL BOITE to define a group of nodes for each

edge and use .SEL UNION to merge the 4 elementary
groups into a new one

 Define the load: a uniform pressure (see abbreviation) pushing on all the elements

 Pay attention to the normal to the shells - toward which a positive pressure
will act- to setup the correct sign of the pressure

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(Ex4b) LBCs

 .SEL
 GROUP "Left" NOEUD boite stru xi 0 yi 0 xs 0 ys /Ly
 GROUP "Right" NOEUD boite stru xi /Lx yi 0 xs /Lx ys /Ly
 GROUP "Bottom" NOEUD boite stru xi 0 yi 0 xs /Lx ys 0
 GROUP "Up" NOEUD boite stru xi 0 yi /Ly xs /Lx ys /Ly
 GROUP "Boundary" UNION "Left" "Right" "Bottom" "Up"

 .CLM GROUP "Boundary" FIX COMP 1 2 3 4 5 6

 .CLM GROUP "E_All" PRES VAL (-/Press) NC 1

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End of second part

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(POST1) Post-processing

Keyboard

Name.sdb

Image
Jpeg, ps
FAC BACON
Excel.csv

Name_xx.des
Name_xx.u18 Bank Files Name.spy
Name_xx.fac

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(POST2): Post-processing

 After the computation, the FAC program is launched to create two results files

 <problem_name_xx.des> & <problem_name_xx.fac>

 xx is a two characters shortcut of the launched computation program:

• "as" for ASEF, "me" for MECANO, ..

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(POST3): Post-processing

 (1) Reload the database

 .DOC DB "<problem_name.sdb>

 (2) Attached the results files

 ASSIGN FAC "problem_name_xx"

 Two main commands for post

 .DES
• classical structural results

 .VIF
• time/frequency results curves

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(DES1): a result = code + references

 In .DES, a result is defined by a code and some references

 the CODE is the label of a result

 the REFERENCES are couple of attributes attached to the code; they

defined to which loadcase/frequency/timestep/complex_phase...
the code is attached to

• Example, after a static computation with two loadcases, we have,

for instance, the following displacements results

1st loadcase
code 163 reference 4 1
code 163 reference 4 2 2nd loadcase

4 means loadcase
163 means displacements

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(DES2) Example of codes

 163 Displacements

1411 At nodes by elements

(extrapolated) stresses

1310 At nodes by elements

(extrapolated) Vonmises
equivalent stress

3310 By elements Vonmises

equivalent stress

1511 Thermal conductive flux

(vector at nodes by
elements)

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(DES3): Different types of codes

 By nodes
 scalar: temperature, ..
 vector: speed, ..
 displacements Depending on the run
analysis, a set of default
results code is generated
 By elements
 scalar: Vonmises, composite criteria, ..
 vector: thermal flux, ..
 tensor: mean stress/strain tensor, ..

 At nodes by elements
 scalar: extrapolated Vonmises, ..
 tensor: extrapolated stresses/strains, ..

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(DES4): Code 1xxx, 3xxx ??

 1435 Stress tensor obtained by

extrapolating stresses from
Gauss Points to nodes. We have
a tensor at nodes by element

3435 Mean Stress tensor: from Gauss

Points stresses and using Gauss
Points Weights, we compute a
true mean value. We have a
tensor by element

1331 Vonmises equivalent stress

obtained by extrapolating VM
stresses from Gauss Points to
nodes. We have a scalar at nodes
by element

3331 Mean Vonmises equivalent

stress: from Gauss Points VMs
and using Gauss Points Weights,
we compute a true mean value.
We have a scalar by element

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(DES5a): Code 1xxx vs 3xxx

Bending clamped shell

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(DES5b): Code 1xxx vs 3xxx

Rough stresses computed at Gauss points

Rough Vonmises criteria computed at Gauss
and extrapolated to nodes, then Vonmises
points and extrapolated to nodes
criteria
--> discontinuities
--> discontinuities

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(DES5C): Code 1xxx vs 3xxx


Rough stresses computed at Gauss points),
then a mean value computed at the center of
Rough VonMises computed at Gauss points),
the element, then VonMises criteria
then a mean value computed at the center of
the element
show that mean stress in the middle of the
structure is computed as nearly zero

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(DES6) Examples of references


4 loadcase

8 timestep
Transient analyses
11 Fourier analysis use 'timestep'
instead of
'time' for accessing results
6 vibration
eigenmode
...

 A code can handled several couples of referencesif needed

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(DES7): Loading a result code

 CODE xxx REFERENCE r n (k l ...)

 example : code 163 ref 4 2

 as long as they are not changed, references remain active
for every code reloaded

 For each reloaded code, there is a set of parameters to extract derivated results,
like module of the displacements, amplitude of a vector, criteria on a stress tensor,
...
 but it is quite impossible here to describe all of them

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(DES8a): ISO and DISCONTINUITY

 ISO: to transform element average values to nodal values

ISO 0
ISO 1

 DISC: to smooth extrapolated values

DISC 1
DISC 0

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(DES8b): ISO and DISCONTINUITY


MOYENNE

SCALAR / NODE / ELEMENT SCALAR / ELEMENT

ISO 0
DISC ISO

DISC 0

SCALAR / NODE

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(DES9): Sections

 SECTION

L3
L4 L2
L1
SECTION
Nearest nodes
SECTION LIGNE 1 2 3 4
(from cad)
LSECTION …
LSECTION …
Projection on shell or
interpolation in the
volume for n points

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(DES10): Operations on codes

 Operations on codes

Operations on scalar at nodes

 DEPL COMP 1 MEMO 1 or
scalar at nodes by elements.
DEPL COMP 2 MEMO 2
Result will always be a
OPERATION "$1-$2" scalar at nodes by elements

 CODE - REF - - FACTEUR a

CODE - REF - - FACTEUR B ADDITION To combine two codes as

a * code_1 + b * code_2

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(DES11) Reduced list of elements

 In a model in which several types of elements are mixed (for instance shells &
volumes),
results codes are attached to a reduced list (set) of elements.

 For instance, upper skin stress tensor is only attached to the

shells, volumic stress tensor to volumes, ..

 These reduced are automatically handled when a code is reloaded.

 As a consequence, reloaded code is only displayed on relevant

elements while others are transparent

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(SAI1): Results selection

 .SAI ARCHIVE <where> STYPE <result_code>

 <where> can be an element selection, a node selection or

STRUCTURE

 <result_code>

 example
• .SAI ARCHIVE STRUCTURE STYPE 1411

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It's now to you to play


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(Exe7): Post-processing

 Model:
 square 400mm X 400mm Mindlin shells plate (16 elements on each side)

 thickness of 2 mm

 Classical steel material (Yt=210000 MPA)

 Structure clamped on its edges

 Uniform pressure of 0.01 Pa on the whole structure

 (.SAI) Force archiving following results:

• (stress tensors) 1431, 1435, 1436, 3431, 3435, 3436

• (vonmises) 1310, 1331, 1332, 3310, 3331, 3332

 ASEF computation
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(Exe7) Post-processing

 code 163 mod depl;vi

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(Exe7) Post-processing

 grap div clot 2 vert; grap selec clot 1; code 3331; vi

grap selec clot 2; code 1435;vonmises;vi

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(Exe7) Post-processing

moyenne
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(Exe7) Post-processing

iso

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(Exe7) Post-processing

 grap reset cloture; code 1435; vonmises; vi

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(Exe7) Post-processing

 discont 0; vi

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(Exe7) Post-processing

 liste desc

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(Exe8): Adding new results codes

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These are the default computed stress results

LMS Samtech Division Copyright LMS International - 2013



LMS Samtech Division Copyright LMS International - 2013



LMS Samtech Division Copyright LMS International - 2013



LMS Samtech Division Copyright LMS International - 2013



LMS Samtech Division Copyright LMS International - 2013

End of 4th part

LMS Samtech Division Copyright LMS International - 2013

Thank you

11-01-2013
<author> LMS Samtech