LINKERS of information.

Followed by a noun
Contrast phrase.
. In spite of / Despite Link two . Exemplification
contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun For example / For
phrase. instance Introduces an example
. Although / (Even) though Link two referring to previously stated ideas.
contrasting ideas. Followed by . Such as Introduces an example
a sentence. referring to the last idea.
. However / Nevertheless / Still / Yet / CONNECTORS
Even so / On the Contrast
contrary / In contrast. Introduce a new . but / yet: followed by a noun phrase or
idea which marks a contrast with a sentence.
previously stated ideas. Introduced by a ‘The book is short but / yet interesting’
comma. . in spite of / despite: It is placed at
. On the one hand ... On the other the beginning or in the middle of the
hand. Links two contrasting ideas sentence.
/ paragraphs. ‘He arrived on time despite / in spite of
. In contrast to / Contrary to. Link getting up late’
two contrasting ideas. Followed by a
noun phrase. although / though/ even though / in
. Whereas Link two contrasting ideas. spite of the fact that: followed by a
Not separated by commas. complete sentence. They can be placed at
Reason and cause the beginning or in the middle of the
. Because / As / Since / Seeing sentence. If it is placed at the beginning
that Introduce a sentence. we need to use a comma after the clause.
Subordinate sentences introduced by
because always appear in final position. ‘Although / though / even though / in
. Because of / On account of / Owing spite of the fact that the pupils had
to / Due to. Introduce a noun phrase. not studied, they all passed their exams’.
Purpose . however, nevertheless, even so, on
. In order to / So as to Introduce an the one hand, on the other hand,
infinitive of purpose. on the contrary:
. In order that / So that Introduce a ‘He was quite ill however/ nevertheless/
sentence. even so, he went to school’
Consequence . while, whereas
. Consequently / As a ‘This film is very interesting,
consequence / As a result / Therefore while/whereas that one is quite boring’
. As a consequence of / As a result Reason and cause
of Followed by a noun phrase. . because, as since, seeing that:
. So Introduces a sentence. No ‘Because / as / since / seeing that it’s
commas. late, we should go home’
Addition
. Moreover / Furthermore / In . because of, on account of, owing to,
addition / Besides / What's more Used due to:
after a strong pause and separated from ‘Because of / on account of / owing to
the sentences. They are introduced by / due to the weather, we stayed at home’
a comma. . in order to, so as to, to:
. As well as / In addition ‘She uses her video in order to / so as to
to / Besides Used to add one more piece / to record TV programmes’
Add information
. for example, for instante, such as: on top of that: Además
‘Vegetables are a good source of besides: Además
vitamins: for example / for instance, On the one hand: Por una parte
oranges have vitamin C’ On the other hand: Por otra parte
. more over, furthermore, besides, in and eventually: Y finalmente
addition to: Contrast
‘In addition to soul music, she likes rap’ all the same: a pesar de todo
. apart from, except for: however: sin embargo
‘Apart from English, she speaks French’. instead of: en vez de
Succession in spite of / despite: a pesar de
. - First of all / Firstly / To begin with nevertheless: no obstante
/ First …. on the contrary: por el contrario
- Second / Secondly / Then … whereas / while: mientras
- Third / Thirdly / After that... though / although: aunque
- The next stage … Reason
- Finally / in short / to sum up / in because of + noun: a causa de
conclusion / lastly / last but not due to + noun: debido a
least… due to the fact that + sentence: debido a
Result que
. As a result of: for this / that reason: por esta / esa
‘As a result of his brave action, he was razón
awarded a military medal. owing to + noun: debido a
Therefore, as a result, consequently, owing to the fact that + sentence: debido
for this reason: a que
‘Consequently / for this reason, it always Result
passes its annual road test’. as a result: como resultado
Order because of: a causa de
First parragraph consequently: en consecuencia
At first sight: A primera vista so: por lo tanto
First: En primer lugar that's why: por eso, por esa razón...
First of all: Antes que nada therefore: por lo tanto
In the first place: En primer lugar Expressing facts
To start with: Para empezar actually: en realidad
Second parragraph as a matter of fact: de hecho
In the second place: En segundo lugar in fact: de hecho
Second: Segundo really: en realidad
Secondly: En segundo lugar Expressing a personal opinion
Third: Tercero as far as I am concerned por lo que a mí
Thirdly: En tercer lugar respecta
Conclusion from my point of view desde mi punto de
Finally: Por último vista
In conclusion: Para concluir I agree estoy de acuerdo
Lastly: Por último I disagree no estoy de acuerdo
And eventually: Y finalmente in my opinion en mi opinión
Adding information in my view según lo veo
apart from: Aparte de I think that creo que
in addition: Además it is true that es verdad que
in addition to: Además de personally personalmente
What’s more: Además; lo que es más to be honest, para ser honesto
moreover: Además
to tell the truth, a decir verdad
Explain
that is (to say): es decir
in other words: en otras palabras
in short: en resumen
above all: sobre todo
all in all: en general
at least: al menos
basically: básicamente,
fundamentalmente
especially: especialmente, sobre todo
essentially: esencialmente
in general: en general
in particular: en particular
more or less: más o menos
on the whole: en general
to a certain extent: hasta cierto punto
Exemplifying
and so on: etcétera
for example: por ejemplo
for instance: por ejemplo
such: as tal(es)como
Summarizing
all in all: en suma
in brief: en resumen
in conclusion: Para concluir
in short: en resumen
on the whole: en general
to sum up: Para resumir
Sequencing
after that: después de eso
all of a sudden: de repente
Finally: Finalmente
First of all: En primer lugar
in the end: al final
in the meantime: mientras tanto
meanwhile: mientras tanto
next: luego
suddenly: de repente
then: entonces, después
while: mientras