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Arrangement of Atoms in Metals: Layer of Atom Slide

The document discusses the arrangement of atoms in metals and the formation of alloys. It states that: 1) Atoms in pure metals are packed closely together, giving metals a high density. Metallic bonds between atoms are strong, requiring high heat to overcome during melting. 2) Heat and electricity are conducted well in metals due to the free-flowing outer electrons and the orderly, layered arrangement of identical metal atoms. 3) Pure metals are often too soft and reactive for many uses. Alloys are formed by adding other elements to metals in specific proportions, improving properties like strength, corrosion resistance, and appearance for applications. Common alloys include bronze and steel.

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Arvin Kumar
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179 views

Arrangement of Atoms in Metals: Layer of Atom Slide

The document discusses the arrangement of atoms in metals and the formation of alloys. It states that: 1) Atoms in pure metals are packed closely together, giving metals a high density. Metallic bonds between atoms are strong, requiring high heat to overcome during melting. 2) Heat and electricity are conducted well in metals due to the free-flowing outer electrons and the orderly, layered arrangement of identical metal atoms. 3) Pure metals are often too soft and reactive for many uses. Alloys are formed by adding other elements to metals in specific proportions, improving properties like strength, corrosion resistance, and appearance for applications. Common alloys include bronze and steel.

Uploaded by

Arvin Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ARRANGEMENT OF ATOMS IN METALS

1. The atom of pure metals are packed together closely. This causes the metal to have
a high density

2. The forces of attraction between atoms (metallic bonds) are strong. More heat
energy is needed to overcome the metallic bond so that the atoms are further apart
during the melting. This is why metals usually have hight melting point.

3. Heat energy can be transferred easily from one atom to the next by vibration. This
make metal good conduct of heat.

4. The freely moving outermost electrons within the metal’s structure are able to
conduct electricity. Metal are, therefore, good electrical conductors.

5. Since atoms of pure metal are of the same size, they are arranged orderly in a
regular layered pattern. When a force is applied to metal, layer of atom slide easily over
one another. This make pure metals soft, malleable and ductile.

Layer of atom slide

Force

Metal are ductile

The shape of metal change

The shape of metal change

Force

Metal are malleable

WHAT ARE ALLOYS


1. Pure metal are usually too soft for most uses. They also have a low resistance to
corrosion. They rush and tarnish easily.

2. To improve the physical properties of metal, a small amount of another element


(usually metal) is added to form another an alloy.

3. An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals (something non-metal) in a specific


proportion. For example:

a. Bronze (90% of copper and 10% of tin)

b. Steel (99% of iron and 1% of carbon)

4. The purposes of making alloys include the following:

a) Increase the strength

i. Pure iron is soft and vary malleable. When a small amount of carbon is added to iron,
an alloy, steal is formed. The more carbon is added, the stronger the steel becomes.

ii. Pure aluminium is light but not strong. With a small amount of copper and magnesium
are added to aluminium, a strong, light and durable alloy call duralumin is produced.

b) Improving the resistance to corrosion

i. Iron rust easily but stainless steel which contains 80.6% of iron, 0.4% of carbon, 18%
of chromium and 1% of nickel does not rush. These properties make stainless steel
suitable for making surgical instrument and cutlery.

ii. Pure copper tarnish easily. When zinc (30%) is added, the yellow alloy which is
known as brass develops a high resistance to corrosion.

c) Enhancing the appearance

i. When copper is mixed with nickel to form cupronickel, an alloy that has an attractive
silvery, bright appearance is formed which is suitable for making coins.
Pure Metal B
Composition,Properties and Uses of Alloy

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