UML Activity Diagrams Reference

Notation Description
Activity

Activity is parameterized behavior represented as coordinated flow of actions.

Activity could be rendered as round-cornered rectangle with activity name in the upper left corner and
nodes and edges of the activity inside.

Online Shopping activity.

Activity parameters are displayed on the border and listed below the activity name as:
   parameter-name: parameter-type.

Authenticate User activity with two parameters - Login

Id and Password.

The round-cornered activity border may be replaced with the diagram frame. The kind of the frame in
this case is activity or act in short form. Activity parameters if any are displayed on the frame.
 Authenticate User activity frame with two parameters
- Login Id and Password.

Partition

An activity partition is activity group for actions that have some common characteristic.

Activity partition may be shown using a swimlane notation - with two, usually parallel lines, either
horizontal or vertical, and a name labeling the partition in a box at one end.

Activity partitions Customer and Order Dept as

horizontal swimlanes.
 Activity partitions Customer and Order Dept as
vertical swimlanes.

Hierarchical partitioning is represented using swimlanes for subpartitions.

Hierarchical partitioning with subpartitions.

When activities are considered to occur outside the domain of a particular model, the partition can be
labeled with the keyword «external».

Buy action occurs in external partition Customer.

In the situations when we can't use swimlanes to show partitions, alternate text notation with qualified
action name could be used instead. In this case partition name is placed in parenthesis above the
action name. A comma-delimited list of partition names means that the node is contained in more than
one partition. A double colon within a partition name indicates that the partition is nested, with the larger
partitions coming earlier in the name.
Buy action occurs in external partition Customer.

Action
 Actions are notated as round-cornered rectangles. The name of the action or other description of it
may appear in the symbol.

The Process Order action

Action could be expressed in some application-dependent action language.

Example of action expressed in some application-

dependent action language.

Local pre-conditions and local post-conditions are shown as notes attached to the invocation with
the keywords «localPrecondition» and «localPostcondition», respectively.

Local pre- and post-conditions shown as notes

attached to Process Order action.

In the situations when we can't use swimlanes to show partitions, alternate text notation with qualified
action name could be used instead. In this case partition name is placed in parenthesis above the
action name. A comma-delimited list of partition names means that the node is contained in more than
one partition. A double colon within a partition name indicates that the partition is nested, with the larger
partitions coming earlier in the name.
Buy action occurs in external partition Customer.

Object Action
 Object actions include different actions on objects. Object action is not present explicitly in UML
standard, it is added here for clarity. In the UML standard all object actions are direct subclasses of
action.

Object actions:
create object action
destroy object action
test identity action
read self action
value specification action
start classifier behavior action
read is classified object action
reclassify object action
read extend action

Variable Action

Variable actions overview diagram

Invocation Action
 Invocation actions overview diagram

Call Behavior Action

Call behavior action is a call action that invokes a behavior directly rather than invoking an operation
that invokes the behavior.

It is shown as action with the name of the behavior that is performed by the action or description of the
behavior placed inside the action's round-cornered rectangle. If the node name is different than the
behavior name, then it appears in the symbol instead.

Call behavior action for Checkout behavior Note, that because it looks exactly the same way as the common action, there is no way just looking at
the diagram to say whether the name is common action name, call behavior action name or some
behavior name.

Call activity action is indicated by a rake-style symbol within the action symbol. Note, that though UML
 2.4 specification provides this notation, there is no official call activity action in the UML specification.

Call activity action for User Authentication activity

Send Signal Action

Send signal action is an invocation action that creates a signal from its inputs, and transmits it to the
specified target object, where it may cause the firing of a state machine transition or the execution of
an activity.

When all the prerequisites of the action execution are satisfied, a signal is generated from the
arguments and is transmitted to the identified target object. The sender of the signal (aka "requestor")
Notify Customer send signal action creates and continues execution immediately, without waiting for any response.
sends Notify Customer signal
Send signal action is notated as convex pentagon. Note, that the name of the action corresponds to
the name of signal class it sends. Target object is not specified with this notation.

Structural Feature Action

 Structural feature actions overview diagram

Link Action

Link actions overview diagram.

Event Action
 Event actions overview diagram.

Accept Event Action

Accept event action is notated with a concave pentagon.
If an accept event action has no incoming edges, then the action starts when the containing activity or
structured node does, whichever most immediately contains the action. In addition, an accept event
action with no incoming edges remains enabled after it accepts an event. It does not terminate after
Acceptance of the Accept Order signal causes an accepting an event and outputting a value, but continues to wait for other events.
invocation of a Process Order action. The accept
event action Accept Order is enabled on entry to the An action whose trigger is a signal event is informally called accept signal action. It corresponds to
activity containing it, therefore no input arrow is send signal action.
shown.

Accept Event Action with incoming edges

Accept event action could have incoming edges. In this case the action starts after the previous
action completes.
 Payment Requested signal is sent. The activity then
waits to receive Payment Confirmed signal.
Acceptance of the Payment Confirmed is enabled
only after the request for payment is sent; no
confirmation is accepted until then.

Wait Time Action

If the event is a time event occurrence, the result value contains the time at which the occurrence
happened. Such an action is informally called a wait time action.

Accept time event action (aka informal: wait time action) is notated with an hour glass.
The Every Hour accept time event action generates
an output every hour. There are no incoming edges
to this time event action, so it is enabled as long as its
containing activity or structured node is.

Control Nodes

Activity control nodes overview.

Initial Node
Initial node is a control node at which flow starts when the activity is invoked. Activity may have more
than one initial node. Initial nodes are shown as a small solid circle.
 Activity initial node.

Flow Final Node

Flow final node is a control final node that terminates a flow. The notation for flow final node is small
circle with X inside.

Flow final node.

Activity Final Node

Activity final node is a control final node that stops all flows in an activity. Activity final is new in UML
2.0. Activity final nodes are shown as a solid circle with a hollow circle inside. It can be thought of as a
goal notated as "bull’s eye," or target.

Activity final node.

Decision
Decision node is a control node that accepts tokens on one or two incoming edges and selects one
outgoing edge from one or more outgoing flows.
The notation for a decision node is a diamond-shaped symbol.

Decision node with two outgoing edges with

guards.

For decision points, a predefined guard "else" may be defined for at most one outgoing edge.
Decision node with three outgoing edges and [else]
guard.

Decision can have decision input behavior. Decision input behaviors were introduced in UML to
avoid redundant recalculations in guards. In this case each data token is passed to the behavior before
guards are evaluated on the outgoing edges. The output of the behavior is available to each guard.
Decision input behavior is specified by the keyword «decisionInput» and some decision behavior or
condition placed in a note symbol, and attached to the appropriate decision node.

Decision node with decision input behavior.

Decision may also have decision input flow. In this case the tokens offered on the decision input flow
that are made available to the guard on each outgoing edge determine whether the offer on the regular
incoming edge is passed along that outgoing edge.
A decision input flow is specified by the keyword «decisionInputFlow» annotating that flow.

Decision node with decision input flow.

Merge
Merge node is a control node that brings together multiple incoming alternate flows to accept single
outgoing flow. There is no joining of tokens. Merge should not be used to synchronize concurrent
flows.
The notation for a merge node is a diamond-shaped symbol with two or more edges entering it and a
single activity edge leaving it.

Merge node with three incoming edges and a single

outgoing edge.

Merge and decision combined

 The functionality of merge node and decision node can be combined by using the same node symbol.

Merge node and decision node combined.

Fork
Fork node is a control node that has one incoming edge and multiple outgoing edges and is used to
split incoming flow into multiple concurrent flows.
The notation for a fork node is a line segment with a single activity edge entering it, and two or more
edges leaving it.

Fork node with a single activity edge entering it, and

three edges leaving it.

Join Node
Join node is a control node that has multiple incoming edges and one outgoing edge and is used to
synchronize incoming concurrent flows.
The notation for a join node is a line segment with several activity edges entering it, and only one edge
leaving it.

Join node with three activity edges entering it, and a

single edge leaving it.

Join specifications are shown in curly braces near the join node as joinSpec=....

Join node with join specification shown in curly

braces.

Join and fork combined

The functionality of join node and fork node can be combined by using the same node symbol.
 Combined join node and fork node.

Activity Edge
Activity edge could be control edge or data flow edge (aka object flow edge). Both are notated by
an open arrowhead line connecting activity nodes.

Activity edge connects Fill Order and Review Order.

Activity edge can be named, however, edges are not required to have unique names within an activity.
If the edge has a name, it is notated near the arrow.

Activity edge "updated" connects Update Order and

Review Order.

The guard of the activity edge is shown in square brackets that contain the guard. The guard must
evaluate to true for every token that is offered to pass along the edge.

Fill Order when priority is 1

An activity edge can be notated using a connector, which is a small circle with a name (also called
label) in it. Connectors are generally used to avoid drawing a long edge. This is purely notational. Every
connector with a given label must be paired with exactly one other with the same label on the same
activity diagram. The circles and lines involved map to a single activity edge in the model.

Connector A connects two edges between Fill Order

and Review Order.

Object Flow Edge

Object flow edges are activity edges used to show data flow between action nodes. Object flow edges
 have no specific notation.

Data flow of Orders between Fill Order and Review

Order actions

The weight of the edge may be shown in curly braces that contain the weight. The weight is a value
specification, which may be a constant, that evaluates to a non-zero unlimited natural value. An
unlimited weight is notated as "*".

Send Notification when number of Warnings reaches

6

Interrupting Edge
Interrupting edge is activity edge expressing interruption for regions having interruptions. It is rendered
as a lightning-bolt.

Cancel Request signal causes interruption resulting in

Cancel Order.

An option for notating an Interrupting edge is a zig zag adornment on a straight line.

Cancel Request signal causes interruption resulting in

Cancel Order.
Object Nodes

Activity object nodes include parameter, pin, central buffer, expansion nodes.

Pin

A pin is an object node for inputs and outputs to actions.

Pin is usually shown as a small rectangle attached to the action rectangle. The name of the pin can be
displayed near the pin.
Item is input pin to the Add to Shopping Cart action.
 Invoice is output pin from the Create Invoice action.

Data Store

A data store is a central buffer node for non-transient information.

The data store is notated as an object node with the keyword «datastore».

Incoming Patient token is stored by the Patients data

store.

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This document describes UML versions up to UML 2.5 and is based on the corresponding OMG™ Unified Modeling Language™ (OMG UML®)
specifications. UML diagrams were created in Microsoft® Visio® 2007-2016 using UML 2.x Visio Stencils. Lucidchart is a nice, free UML tool that
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