PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY

CHAPTER I

Introduction

Background of the Study

In our world today, training plays an important role in modeling our law enforcers. It

makes them prepared to face the reality of becoming a leader. Training provides a conditioned

mind and body that makes us strong and different from others. We can’t deny the fact that

without proper training the less we become competent when we graduate because the purpose of

training is to push ourselves to our limits to achieve perfection in what we do as future public

safety officers. Training is removing our civilian habits and transforming us to be refined leaders

who are good enough in handling any situation no matter what the consequences are.

Philippine National Police Academy training programs is a program that transforms

civilians into well-disciplined cadets that would become future leaders of our law enforcement

body. This training is divided into different classes, the plebes or the fourth class men, they are

the lowest ranking cadets in the cadet corps and they are the working force of the four – class

system. The next is the third class men who are the direct upper class of the plebes and are tasked

with direct supervision of the plebes, they will ‘buddy’ the plebes in eating, marching and even

on fixing their individual uniform. The second class cadets are the second highest ranking in the

cadet corps and are in charge of supervising the activities of the plebes and third class and also

learning to lead the corps when the first class graduate. Lastly are the first class cadets, they are

in charge of managing the corps and they had gone through all the different classes of the corps

making them ready to graduate and to face the real McCoy. The training program is also divided

from academic instruction and non- academic instructions or tactics. In the academic instruction
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they teach the basic in public safety, leadership skills and also about the criminal law, which is

the most crucial lesson for future public safety officers because it can cause them their career and

imprisonment if they make a mistake in implementing the law. For the non- academics they

teach cadets about the basics of gun safety, firearms proficiency and self- defense techniques that

is useful in improving our discipline and control in doing police work like assisting the injured or

arresting the suspects of a criminal scene.

These trainings are repeatedly taught every week and they are monitoring the progress of

each cadets in each tactics and academic instruction cadets learn different things and those skills

and knowledge they acquire help them to become better cadets to meet the expectation of the

public. The public see the cadets as individuals who are reliable in every situation and the

academy is trying to produce such individual through standardized learning, training and

education can they meet the expectation of the public.

The Philippines today faces a lot of problems on its politics, economy and poverty that

leads to development of homegrown criminals and potential criminals that were the enemy of the

police and public since the start of civilization. To prevent these people from emerging and to

apprehend those already criminals it is the responsibility of police officers, that is why in order to

produce such officers for the job to make them effective and efficient in their profession, there

are required trainings that would be beneficial to the public and to the country.

The purpose of this research is to give importance and emphasis on what the PNPA is

giving to its cadets as available trainings and courses to be able to develop skills and increase

positive performance on the field especially on public safety. It would show the holistic
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development of a cadet in recognition of his age when he entered the academy, his educational

attainment, his religious affinity and where he came from.

The researchers chose the topic “The Influence of PNPA Training Program to the

Holistic Aspects Development of PNPA BSPS Cadets”, because as cadets, the researchers are

concerned and curious on whether the development we gain in this institution is enough to

prepare us to the outside world. In this manner, the researchers would be given an idea and

valuable information on what to expect outside and what we lack especially when we chose the

career path that would separate us from our mentors and classmates and we would lead on our

own. This research would be of great help as reference not only to cadets but graduates of PNPA

as well as to where they were lacking when they graduated.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to assess the influence of the PNPA training program and its

implication to the Holistic Aspect Development of PNPA BSPS Cadets. The study sought

to address the following questions:

1. What is the Demographic Information of the participants in terms of the following?

a. Age

b. Gender

c. Year Level

d. Religion

e. Family Background

2. How do the respondents assess the PNPA training program in terms of :

1.1 Intellectual Aspect

1.2 Emotional Aspect; and

1.3 Physical Aspect

3. Is their significant relationship between the demographic profile of the respondents and

the variables?

4. Is there a significant difference in the respondents’ assessment on the PNPA Training

Program and its implication to the graduate’s performance relative to intellectual aspect,

emotional aspect and physical aspect?

Significance of the Study

Philippine National Police as law enforcers of our country needs to fulfill their duties and

responsibilities as peace keepers of our society. The fact that law enforcers of our society should

be strong, healthy and mentally capable officers to safeguard them to the highest standard of

their work

This study will help the Philippine National Police Academy as an Institution to produce

proficient graduates through the help of effective and efficient training program. The study will

provide the data needed for the advantages and benefits of the trainers, professors and graduates

of the Philippine National Police Academy.

The researchers from the Philippine National Police Academy will be soon become

members of the Philippine National Police, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and the

Bureau of Fire Protection and would especially become leaders of the Non- Commissioned

officers. The research will help the cadets of the Philippine National Police Academy to get the

most out of the training program and to excel in academics, tactics and moral development.

Scope and Delimitation

The research setting will be done inside the Philippine National Police Academy, Camp

General Mariano N Castaneda. The research undertaking focused on the effects of the training

program to the physical, emotional, and intellectual aspects of the cadets in relation to it’s result

on the effectiveness of PNPA graduate’s performance taken into account that they are deployed

on the different parts of the country serving as leaders in public safety.

Theoretical Framework

Knowles(1980) study of andragogy theory .

Conceptual Framework

The framework of this study is primarily anchored on the Theory of Planned Behavior

and the General Crime Theory modified by Bolin (2004). The researchers conceptualized that

long enduring traits would better predict the occurrence of deviant behaviors like academic

dishonesty considering external factors like perceived opportunity. Thus, using Ethical

Orientation as a main independent variable would fill the gap in the General Crime Theory.

Ethical Orientation does not dwell only on what attitudes a person has towards a behavior but

also on how he/she act consistently with it in particular situations.

Definitions of Terms

 Academic Dishonesty

Conceptual Definition:
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 According to Ikupa (1997), academic dishonesty is illegal and unethical behaviors

that individual displays during testing of his/her knowledge and ability.

Operational Definition:

 It is a form of academic dishonesty which involves using unfair advantages during

evaluations, copying from others and helping others during the evaluation given

that these are restricted.

 This will be measured using Academic Dishonesty Inventory (Lucas and

Friedrich, 2005) which has subdomains cheating on tests, cheating on

assignments, plagiarism, and falsifying documents.

 Ethical Orientation

Conceptual Definition:

 It is defined as the moral intensity which is the extent of issue-related moral

imperative in a situation (Jones,1991).

 Absolutists are principled idealists who believe people should act in ways that are

consistent with moral rules, for doing so will in most cases yield the best

outcomes for all concerned (Forsyth, 1980).

 Situationists are idealistic contextualists who favor securing the best possible

consequences for all concerned even if doing so will violate traditional rules that

define what is right and what is wrong (Forsyth, 1980).

 Exceptionists are principled pragmatists who endorse moral rules as guides for

action, but admit that following rules will not necessarily generate the best

consequences for all concerned (Forsyth, 1980).

 Subjectivists are pragmatic relativists who base their ethical choices on personal

considerations such as individualized values, moral emotions, or an idiosyncratic

moral philosophy (Forsyth, 1980).

Operational Definition:

 It is the moral intensity of an individual whether in ethical idealism orientation or

ethical relativism orientation.Sierra and Hyman (2006) defined idealism as the

tendency to abide by accepted moral principles when making moral judgments

and decisions, while relativism as the propensity to repudiate universal or

accepted rules when making ethical judgments and decisions.

 Classified as either absolutists (high idealism-low relativism, Situationists (high

idealism-high relativism), exceptionist (low idealism-low relativism), and

subjectivists (low idealism-high relativism).

 This will be measured using Ethical Position Questionnaire (Forsyth, 2008) which

has a subdomain idealism and relativism.

 Perceived Opportunity

Conceptual Definition:

 It is the beliefs about the presence of factors that may further or hinder

performance of the behavior (control beliefs) (Passowetal, 2006).

Operational Definition:

 It is the perceived environment as evaluated whether cheating is likely to be

detected or sanctioned.
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 This will be measured using Perceived Opportunity Scale adapted from McCabe

and Trevino (1997).

 Self-Control

Conceptual Definition:

 It is the ability to resist temptations when opportunities for deviance present

themselves (Bolin, 2004).

Operational Definition:

 It is the individual’s ability to control his own behavior in terms of impulsivity,

simple tasks, risk seeking, physical activities, self-centeredness and temper.

 This will be measured using Self Control Scale (Grasmicketal,1993)

 Peer Pressure

Conceptual Definition:

 It is when people of your own age encourage you to do something or to keep from

doing something else, no matter if you personally want to or not (Brown and

Clasen, 1985).

Operational Definition:

 It is individual’s tendency of an individual to be influenced by engaging on school

involvement, peer conformity, peer involvement, misconduct and family

involvement.

 This will be measure using Peer Pressure Inventory by Brown and Clasen (1985).