THE OPEN

PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL

VERSION: BETA | SEPTEMBER 27 2017

PUBLISHED BY:
Gehl Institute
City of San Francisco’s Planning Department
Copenhagen Municipality’s City Data Department
Seattle Department of Transportation
Gehl

Please note that this version of the Protocol consists of flat text and elements.
Version 1.0 is scheduled for release later this year and will be published as an interactive file using open-source software.
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT Version: BETA / September 27 2017

PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL

CONTENT OVERVIEW

ABOUT

A COMMON LANGUAGE FOR PEOPLE DATA P. 04

THE PROTOCOL AT A GLANCE P. 05

DEFINING A SHARED GOAL P. 06

DATA TABLES DESCRIBED BY THE PROTOCOL P. 07

METHODOLOGY CRASH COURSE P. 08

SPECIFICATION

META DATA / AGENCY BACKGROUND INFORMATION P. 10

META DATA / SETTING THE STUDY CONTEXT P. 11

DESCRIBING THE SURVEY LOCATIONS P. 12

DETAILS FOR LINE-GEOMETRY LOCATIONS P. 14

DETAILS FOR AREA-GEOMETRY LOCATIONS P. 17

DESCRIBING A SURVEY COMPONENT’S TIME AND PLACE P. 18

SURVEY COMPONENTS:

— PERCEIVED GENDER P. 20

— PERCEIVED AGE P. 21

— MOVING MODE P. 22

— POSTURE IN SPACE P. 25

— ACTIVITY ENGAGEMENT P. 27

— SIZE OF GROUPS P. 30

— CARRIED OBJECTS & ANIMALS P. 31

— STATIONARY GEOTAG P. 33

BACKGROUND

SUGGESTED DATA STRUCTURE P. 35

FILE REQUIREMENTS AND TERMINOLOGY P. 36

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS P. 37

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
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ABOUT

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 3 of 38
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ABOUT

A COMMON LANGUAGE FOR PEOPLE DATA

WE ARE PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE that Gehl Institute, in close

partnership with Gehl, the practice, the Municipality of Copenhagen,
the City of San Francisco, and with support and input from Seattle
Department of Transportation, has developed a Public Life Data Protocol
to standardise the collection and storage of data about people in public
space. The Public Life Data Protocol is a data specification that aims to
improve the ability of everyone to share and compare information about
what people do in public space. The Protocol describes a set of metrics
that are crucial to the understanding of public life in public space.

In the case of cities, it is important to not just measure car traffic

or property values, but also public life—the activities of people in
public space. By tangibly capturing how people relate to their urban
environments, we create the public life data that can help shape how
well the physical design and urban policy of cities suit the needs and
desires of their residents. Further, when, how, and why we move
through and stay in public space can be valuable information for cities
to share and compare, both internally and externally. What if a small
Midwestern U.S. town discovered its town square gets as much foot
traffic as an historic plaza in Italy—would the U.S. town review its traffic
plans? If a major city with multiple data-collecting agencies could apply
standards for the data they collect about cyclists and pedestrians on
streets and in parks, would that impact policy decisions?

In fact, we know this information is essential to good decision-making.

In recent years, practitioners and cities have incorporated people-
centered metrics and public life data into their engineering models,
investment decisions, and design choices. These methods, based on
decades of research, have now been applied in hundreds of cities
around the world. There is tremendous potential to make the datasets
more compatible, scalable, and comparable across different cities and
regions.

Gehl Institute initiated the co-creation of the Public Life Data Protocol to
make this process easier. It ensures a high level of quality and accuracy
while enabling more people to collect, share, and compare their data.
The Protocol will be open for any and all to use, and will create a
common language for cities to compare different spaces within their
city limits, and to then compare their data with other cities.

By making the Protocol open, we hope to lower the barrier to entry

for cities, agencies, practitioners, researchers, or students who seek
to utilise public life data in their work. We also hope to open the door
to innovation, by enabling a greater degree of technology integration
and solutions for studying public life, from data collection and analysis
to enabling civic action and improved policy and investment decision-
making. An open, common language brings us that much closer to
achieving our goal of making people more visible to policymakers,
designers, and planners in public space.

We look forward to welcoming new users of the Protocol, and to co-

iterate future versions.

Yours Sincerely,

Shin-pei Tsay, Executive Director, Gehl Institute

and Team

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
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ABOUT

THE PROTOCOL AT A GLANCE

WHAT IS THE PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL?

The Protocol describes a set of metrics that have been defined as
crucial to the understanding of public life in public spaces, for cities,
towns, and countryside.
The Protocol outlines how to collect, organise, and share data on people moving through,
and people staying in, public space.
The Protocol is focused on quantitative data that can be collected via analogue observational “We hope that the Public Life Data Protocol
studies or by using digital sensor technologies. will enhance public life studies everywhere.”

People moving through public spaces can be analysed by volume, age, gender, mode of — Shin-pei Tsay, Gehl Institute
moving, social clustering, carried objects, and activities undertaken while in motion. People
staying in public spaces can be analysed by volume, age, gender, posture within the space,
activities undertaken while staying in the space, objects brought into the space, social
clustering, and exact geographical position. In the future, more study components may be
added, based on the needs of the Protocol’s users.
The Protocol also includes basic spatial metrics that are valuable when analysing public life
in the context of its physical setting, such as street typology and space distribution.
The Protocol recommends always collecting qualitative data (e.g., user interviews,
subjective observations), other types of quantitative data (e.g., user surveys, census data),
and detailed public space data (e.g., location of trees, quality of storefronts) to support the
quantitative observational studies. “We want to change the nature of the discourse of
public life studies.
WHY IS A PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL IMPORTANT? It’s a larger culture change towards a human-
centered city. Data is a proxy for what we care
The Public Life Data Protocol will ease the collection, digitisation, about.
analysis, and sharing of data on how people move through and stay in Data is a proxy for public life.”
public space. — Neil Hrushowy, City of San Francisco
This type of data is important to provide city planners, urban designers, and citizens with
a holistic and accurate picture of how well the public spaces in their cities invite a diversity
of activities and people, so that action can be taken to create more livable and inviting
environments for all.
The metrics presented in the Protocol are a means to identify and clarify the principal
objective and quantifiable factors relating to public life, establishing a shared international
language for this type of data, which can be accessed by all sectors. Urban designers may
use the Protocol to create benchmarks for good design; politicians may use the Protocol
to target their initiatives; citizens may use the Protocol to build cases for community
improvements; researchers may use the Protocol to provide valuable insights into the
impact of public life on, for example, public health, the economy, the environment, and
“We want to expand standard transportation performance metrics to go
democratic participation.
beyond mobility; we want to know how people enjoy the 27% of public
Furthermore, the Protocol will enable a greater integration of technological solutions into space that is dedicated to our right-of-way. Qualitative data will support
all processes of studying public life, from collecting and analysing data to enabling action. the future of our city and be a critical tool as we strive to create a vibrant
Together, all of these benefits will promote and ensure a world-wide prioritisation of people’s and inclusive public realm.”
quality of life in cities, towns, and countryside. — Benjamin de la Pena, City of Seattle

WHO MADE THE PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL?

The Protocol is the result of a collaboration between Gehl Institute,
Gehl, San Francisco’s City Planning Department, and Copenhagen’s
City Data Department, with input from Seattle Department of
Transportation.
The Protocol is based on the public life research methodology originally developed by Jan
Gehl, the renowned Danish professor of urban studies. Gehl’s approach has been applied to
studies in more than 100 cities worldwide over the course of thirty years. At the beginning
of 2016, Gehl Institute identified the need to describe these public life metrics as a data “We are thrilled that the collection of public life data is
protocol, thereby ensuring the scalability, consistency, and flexibility of public life data now standardized, making it easier for cities to benchmark
within a world that is both becoming more technologically advanced and more concerned the before and after impact of their work, compare
with the quality of public life. themselves to other cities, and document medium- and
long-term changes in the urban culture.”
Gehl Institute invited Gehl (the practice), the City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen
Municipality to participate in the updating and rewriting of the methodologies, — Jeff Risom, Gehl
acknowledging the long-standing experience and further methodological development that
these agencies have with conducting public life studies (see: Conversation Summaries).
Following a four-month interrogation of the methods, an internal BETA Protocol was
proposed for field testing. At this stage, Seattle DOT joined the collaboration, contributing
significant resources to carry out field tests and provide feedback.
The BETA Protocol presented in this publication is the incredible product of the knowledge,
skills, and experiences generated through this collaboration, as well as of the input provided
by a wide range of external advisors (see: List of Contributors).
Henceforth, the Protocol will be open for anyone to use, and Gehl Institute invites all
stakeholders to contribute their thoughtful input and suggestions for further iterations.
“Copenhagen is at its best when people
WHAT ARE THE NEXT STEPS? meet each other in its outdoor spaces.
This is when the city comes to life.”
Stay tuned for more updates, supporting material, and opportunities
— CoCreate Copenhagen, 2015
to get involved with the Public Life Data Protocol.
In addition to the documents included in this publication, the Public Life Data Protocol,
Version: BETA, will be followed up by more tests in the field, examples of public life data
sets, presentation materials, examples of survey sheets, and more general survey guidelines
explaining how to conduct a survey from A to Z. This material will be made available through
Gehl Institute’s web platform (see: gehlinstitute.org).
In preparation of the publication of the Protocol Version 1.0 later this autumn, the
development team welcomes feedback from all stakeholders. Gehl Institute leads the
communication of the Protocol at this stage. To provide input or get involved, please send
an email to [email protected].
Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
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ABOUT

DEFINING A SHARED GOAL

WHAT MOTIVATED THE PARTNERS TO CREATE THE PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL?
Before embarking on the task of defining the Protocol, Gehl Institute hosted workshops with the founding partners to identify what motivational factors
the three agencies (SF, CPH, Gehl) had in common. When Seattle DOT joined the partnership, they were asked the same questions. The results of these
conversations may be used as inspiration to any future Protocol users.

SHARED MOTIVATION

COMMON LANGUAGE EVALUATION TOOL CITIES FOR PEOPLE

Public life data establishes Public life data can be used Public life data is an integral
a common language across to shape and evaluate the component in pushing
different sectors and impact of public space on forward the overall movement
stakeholders that help centre people in cities, on both a of making cities for and
people at the heart of any short-term project basis with people, supporting
decision-making process. and relating to long-term important research,
development strategies. understanding, innovation,
and, subsequently, change.

SHARED CHALLENGES SHARED OPPORTUNITIES

Lack of Customisation: Encourage Customisation:

Even within a single city, different public spaces have unique With a Public Life Data Protocol, based on a robust framework
qualities which, in turn, attract different users and uses. This of pre-defined scalable and compatible components, public
reality demands some degree of customisation of the survey life surveys can easily be customised by location and context,
components for each space, which the current methodologies achieving both survey flexibility and data consistency.
have some difficulty incorporating.

Few Processing Tools: Interchangable Tools:

The available tools to process raw public life data are very With a Public Life Data Protocol, data processing tools can be
limited, and every agency relies on its own competencies and exchanged between many different agencies, public and private,
resources to analyse the data. This challenge is especially making it easier for all to interpret, understand, and make use of
prominent when the data has to be compared to other sources, the public life data sets.
like geo-spatial data, economic markers, and census statistics.

Limited Data Sharing: Worldwide Data Sharing:

It is currently difficult to benchmark projects managed by With a Public Life Data Protocol, data collected by different
different agencies against each other, because of the multiple agencies – whether those agencies are situated within the same
ways the public life data is stored, organised, and shared. city or on different continents – can be easily shared and read.

INDIVIDUAL MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS

Gehl Institute wishes to create a Public Life Data Protocol to ensure high levels of public life data quality everywhere and from anyone, to enhance the
opportunities for collaboration between different agencies, and to improve the foundation for world-wide public life research and knowledge-sharing.

CITY OF SAN FRANCISCO COPENHAGEN MUNICIPALITY SEATTLE DOT GEHL

Common Language: Common Language: Encouraging Vibrancy: Making People Visible:

While it is really valuable to speak from The public life data gives the city a clear The Seattle Department of Transportation Public life data is a means of making people
numbers, it is still important to have a language to discuss the valuation of urban (SDOT) is working towards a safe, visible in planning and decision-making
strong narrative around the data. Being able life in public spaces. interconnected, vibrant, affordable, and processes both within municipalities, for
to have those people-centric conversations innovative city, and believes that a vibrant developers, and in communities.
in urban design is a strong foundation for Qualifies Decisions: city is where the streets and pavements
projects. The public life data qualifies political and hum with economic and social activity. Establish Common Language:
administrative decisions regarding the Public life data provides a clear
Collective Ownership: allocation of space, permits, resources, etc. Measuring Impact: communication tool when discussing
The Planning Department is interested in SDOT is looking for ways to monitor and projects across multiple sectors and with
encouraging public life data to become a Incremental Learning: evaluate the performance of streets and different stakeholders across the globe.
more integral part of all other city agencies, The public life data helps the city learn public spaces beyond the movement of
so that their methodologies and projects the effects of projects in the short-term, vehicles. Evaluation Tool:
have a larger sense of collective ownership giving them an opportunity to adjust for Public life data success criteria enable
within the city – they want to bring the immediate improvements. Formalising People-Centred continued evaluation of projects and
seeds of innovation to all other departments Projects: processes, ensuring iteration based on
without being seen as a niche agency. Inspire Innovation: A standardised methodology and Protocol actual project performance and user needs.
The public life data, in combination with will allow the city to systematise the
Cultural Change: other types of data, provides the city with collection of data on public life on its Driver for Change:
The public life data collection is ultimately new knowledge that can foster innovation. streets. Public life data helps frame calls for action
about catalysing a larger cultural change that can eventually lead to meaningful
towards a human-centred city. Benchmarking: change within cities, towards more people-
The public life data is a way to benchmark centric cities.
projects against internal political goals and
in relation to other cities.

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
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ABOUT

DATA TABLES DESCRIBED BY THE PROTOCOL

blue text = required field/table
grey text = optional field/table

FIRST LEVEL METADATA LOCATION DATA

An agency keeps one “agency” table containing its key attributes. An agency keeps one “location” table of all its study locations at all
This table should always be packaged with the data whenever the times. Additional attributes may be assigned to a location, depending
data is shared outside of the agency’s internal database. on whether the location is defined as a line or an area.

AGENCY LOCATIONS

agency_id (unique identifier) agency_id (unique identifier)

An agency keeps one table with all the
agency_name location_id (unique identifier)
geographic locations that the agency
agency_department An agency stores this information once location_country
has ever surveyed, both line and area
agency_phone and packages it with each individual location_region geometries. This table may be updated
agency_email study. The table may be updated in location_city to add new locations, whenever new
agency_language instances where any of these attributes location_geometry locations are created.
change. Consistency is strongly
agency_type location_type If the geometry is a line, further
encouraged.
location_name_primary attributes may be assigned in the table
location_name_secondary “location_line”.
location_subdivision If the geometry is an area, further
location_character attributes may be assigned in the table
“location_area”.
SECOND LEVEL METADATA
Each individual public life study undertaken within an agency is
described in the “study” table. The table should help define the
LOCATION_LINE LOCATION_AREA
project’s overall parameters.
location_id (unique identifier) location_id (unique identifier)
line_date_measured area_date_measured
line_total_m area_total_sqm
STUDY
line_pedestrian_m area_people_sqm
agency_id (unique identifier) line_bicycle_m area_typology
study_id (unique identifier) line_vehicular_m
study_title line_typology_pedestrian
study_project line_typology_bicycle
study_project_phase line_typology_vehicular
A study undertaken by an agency is
study_start_date connected to this series of attributes
study_end_date that set the context of the study in both This table adds specific and detailed This table adds specific and detailed
study_scale space and time. attributes to a line-geometry. These attributes to an area-geometry. These
study_areas The table will help locate specific spatial characteristics can be updated spatial characteristics can be updated
study_manager_name projects within an agency by any of the on a regular basis to reflect, for example, on a regular basis to reflect, for example,
study_manager_email outlined attributes. All “study” tables changing pavement widths. changing typologies.
study_protocol_version must specify the publisher of the study The table should be used to look up The table should be used to look up
and which version of the specification locations with specific characteristics, locations with specific characteristics,
study_notes
the study refers to. like a commercial street. like a parks under a certain size.

SURVEY CONTEXT SURVEY COMPONENTS

Each captured survey compontent has to A public life survey can consist of any number of survey components, specified by these tables.
link to a “survey_context” table that provides Each table is based on a nested category structure that can be expanded if the study wishes to
context for the data’s link to time and space. reach a higher level of detail.

SURVEY_CONTEXT SURVEY_GENDER SURVEY_AGE SURVEY_MODE SURVEY_GROUPS

study_id (unique identifier) survey_id survey_id survey_id survey_id

location_id (unique identifier) row_id row_id row_id row_id
survey_id (unique identifier) row_total row_total row_total row_total
survey_time_start
survey_time_stop Suggested Content: Suggested Content: Suggested Content: Suggested Content:
survey_time_character men 0-14 pedestrian 1
survey_representation women 15-24 bicyclist 2
survey_microclimate unknown 25-64 3-7
survey_temperature_c 65+ 8+
survey_method
survey_surveyor_name
survey_notes
SURVEY_POSTURE SURVEY_ACTIVITIES SURVEY_OBJECTS SURVEY_GEOTAG
A study will consist of many surveys survey_id survey_id survey_id survey_id
that take place in different locations
row_id row_id row_id row_id
and at different times. The “survey”
row_total row_total row_total row_total
table distinguishes these individual data
points from one another.
A “survey” table can link to any number Suggested Content: Suggested Content: Suggested Content: Suggested Content:
of public life data points. One survey standing commercial animal_dog unique_position
table may relate to both the table sitting_formal consuming bicycle_helmet
“survey_gender” and “survey_age”, if sitting_informal cultural
these were counted together, or may lying recreative_active
relate to just a single table, e.g., the multiple waiting_transfer
“survey_mode”.

Each of the eight listed public life data components are described in detail in the actual data specification, which
also explain the opportunities to expand or collapse a survey’s complexity. If several data points have been collected
simultaneously, the survey component tables will share a survey_id and a row_id.

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
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ABOUT

METHODOLOGY CRASH COURSE

STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
These six steps describe the overall process of using the Public Life Data Protocol to conduct a public life study.

STEP 1: Register your agency STEP 2: Set up your survey locations STEP 3: Define a study
Save your primary agency information in the Set up the “locations” table with the first sites you want to In the “study” table you can outline the scale of the
“agency” table. survey, keeping line and area geometries together. public life study that you are about to conduct, as well
as name the specific project manager, and add any notes
You only need to do this once, unless your agency You can add further details to a street in the “location_line”
about whether the study is a singular research project, or
changes its core information, like contact information table, and further details to a place in the “location_area”
perhaps whether it is part of a recurring initiative.
or purpose, sometime in the future. table. The more details, the more precise you analysis can be.
You will have one of these tables for each study you plan
Whenever you define a new survey location, just add it to this
and conduct.
table and keep all your locations in one place!

STEP 4: Choose your survey components

A public life study can include several survey components, or it can consist of just a single survey component.
You should choose your survey components based on your study questions and the resources you have availabe to collect and manage data; sometimes it is more valuable to collect less and more
detailed data, and sometimes you may want to collect a wide range of metrics.
You may choose to link several survey components, to survey several components simultaneously, or to survey several components consecutively. See the paragraph “Linking Surveys” on page 35
for details on these various approaches.
You can read more about the options for collecting more or less granular data for each survey component in the data specification starting on page 09.

GENDER AGE MODE GROUPS

Applies to people staying and moving Applies to people staying and moving Applies to people moving Applies to people staying and moving

Example Questions: Example Questions: Example Questions: Example Questions:

Do all genders feel equally invited? How many children visit this place? What is the detailed mode-split across How sociable are the people staying
a street section? within this place?
Are the planned activities in accord- Do the people on the street match the
ance with the users of the place? census data for the area? Is the street of the right width and Does the urban furniture provide
surface type for the users? opportunities for groups to meet?
Do gender minorities choose to walk in Do the elderly have adequate facilities
public at night? to spend time outside? How many people move through the Do people need space to walk in pairs?
space at night?

POSTURE ACTIVITIES OBJECTS GEOTAG

Applies to people staying Applies to people staying and moving Applies to people staying and moving Applies to people staying

Example Questions: Example Questions: Example Questions: Example Questions:

Do people feel comfortable lying down Are people engaged in a single activity How many of the pedestrians are also Which corners of the space are more
and sitting within the space? or multiple activities? walking a dog? popular for people to spend time in?
Are there invitations for people to rest? Are the activities that people spend Do people carry their own chairs or Are some kinds of urban furniture
time doing optional or necessary? blankets into the space? more popular than others?
How do people use the urban furniture
and other elements within the space? What is the diversity of activities? Are bicyclists wearing helmets? What is the impact of shade and sun?

STEP 5: Conduct surveys STEP 6: Organise, analyse, and share your data
Whether you are collecting data in person on the street, or using some kind of automation When you have collected all the survey data belonging to a study, you can package the raw
(e.g., motion sensors), the data you collect will be linked to a “survey_context” table. data as a csv file and share it online with other public life enthusiasts. Remember to include
the metadata so the study can always be traced back to you.
This table describes the exact timeframe within which the data was collected, it links to
the right location from the “locations” table, and it gives you the opportunity to make notes This may help you get in touch with people who have similar research goals or challenges as
about special occasions that may have impacted your data. yourself, and you will be providing a valuable contribution to the public life movement.
Every single data point is linked to a survey context table.

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
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SPECIFICATION

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SPECIFICATION
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality.
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT.
PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
Version: BETA / September 27 2017

METADATA
Public Life Data Protocol
/ AGENCY BACKGROUND INFORMATION
SPECIFICATION
Required fields are marked with a dot: •

TABLE: “AGENCY”
METADATA
CONTENT: The table contains metadata describing the background information of the agency conducting the study. The table should only be filled in once per agency.
REQUIRED: Yes.
• AGENCY
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• agency_id
Unique identifier.
Links files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. USA_Gehl_Institute
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Write the name of the agency as it is officially registered.

• agency_name
Full name of the agency that is
conducting/posting the study.
string n/a
Capitalize the first letter of all nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives,
subordinating conjunctions, and sometimes conjunctions.
a. City of San Francisco
b. Gehl Institute Inc.
Prepositions are only capitalized it they are used adjectivally or
adverbially. Do not use special characters.

Write the name of the department as it is officially registered.

Specific department within the
agency that is responsible for the
Capitalize the first letter of all nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, a. Urban Planning Department
agency_department study. string n/a
subordinating conjunctions, and sometimes conjunctions. b. null
Leave blank, if no such
Prepositions are only capitalized it they are used adjectivally or
specification is necessary.
adverbially. Do not use special characters.

Write the agency's telephone number as a string value. The

number should contain punctuation marks to group the digits of
Direct single voice telephone number. a. "(01) 123.456.7891"
agency_phone number for the specified agency.
string n/a
Include the country calling code in brackets at the beginning of the b. "(0045) 1234.5678"
telephone number. Use the preposition "0" rather than the
character "+".

Single valid email address

•
actively monitored by the Write the entire email in lower case. a. [email protected]
agency_email agency's reception or inquiry
string n/a
"(:at)" can be used instead of the character "@" if preferred. b. agency(:at)ngo.com
desk.

Specify the main language used by the agency to complete this

study, besides the Protocol's specified language (British English).
Main language used by the
Use only one alternate language to British English. a. English (United States)
agency posting the study.
agency_language Leave blank, if only British
string n/a If any other variation of English is used (like United States English) b. Danish
this must also be specified to enable cross-country queries. c. null
English is used to fill in the study.
Alternative languages to British English are typically used for notes
and strings.

"governmental agency"
"municipal agency"
"non profit corporation" Only one attribute can be selected per agency. Pick the type that
"business corporation" is the best fit.
Character of the type of agency
"community organisation" a. "municipal agency"
agency_type that is conducting/posting the string
"educational institute" If the agency's type is not listed in the Protocol, please suggest b. "non profit corporation"
study.
"private individual" adding an additional category in the official Protocol development
forum (initially hosted by Gehl Institute).
List should be exhaustive and
must not contain duplicates.

blue dot • = required field end.

• STUDY
grey text and box = unique identifier

FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• agency_id
Unique identifier. Used to link
files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. USA_Gehl_Institute
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• study_id
Unique identifier. Used to link
files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. NY_2017_1
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Consider giving the study an indicative name that makes it easy to

look up in the future, or to find by people who have not been a. Study 1
Title or name of the study as
study_title given by the conducting agency.
string n/a directly involved with the study. b. San Francisco PSPL 2017
The name could consist of a date and a site, or it can be c. Vesterbrogade Development 2017-2019
completely arbitrary.

If the study is linked to a series of studies or if it is part of a larger

Title or name of the project that
project or initiative, this information can be indicated within this a. Pavement to Parks
the study is part of.
study_project Leave blank if the study is not
string n/a field. Avoid abbreviations and informal language. b. Annual Community study
c. Lincoln Road Pilot 2017
linked to any other project.
The field may be used as an alternative to the field "study_title".

Project phase or stage at the time

a. Phase 1
of the study. This field can be used to indicate whether a study is part of a
study_project_phase Leave blank if the study is not
string n/a
pre-, during-, or post-implementation study of a project.
b. Post Implementation
c. Baseline Study
linked ot any other project.

Specify the approximate timeframe of the entire study from the

date the first count is conducted. If the first count takes place on a
Date of the first survey taking
study_start_date date yyyymmdd Wednesday, the Monday of that week can be specified as the start a. 20170415
place within a study.
date of the study to indicate a study timeframe of e.g. two full
weeks.

Specify the approximate timeframe of the entire study from the

date the last count is conducted. If the last study takes place on a
The date of the last survey taking
study_end_date place within a study.
date yyyymmdd Saturday, the Sunday of that week can be specified as the end a. 20170418
date of that study to indicate a study timeframe of e.g. two full
weeks.

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 10 of 38
 • actively monitored by the Write the entire email in lower case. a. [email protected]
agency_email agency's reception or inquiry
string n/a
"(:at)" can be used instead of the character "@" if preferred. b. agency(:at)ngo.com
desk.

Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Specify the main language used by the agency to complete this Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl
Main Institute
language with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality,
used by the
study,and Seattle
besides DOTspecified language (British English).
the Protocol's Version: BETA / September 27 2017
Use only one alternate language to British English. a. English (United States)
agency posting the study.
agency_language string n/a If any other variation of English is used (like United States English) b. Danish
Leave blank, if only British
this must also be specified to enable cross-country queries. c. null
SPECIFICATION English is used to fill in the study.
Alternative languages to British English are typically used for notes
and strings.

METADATA / SETTING THE STUDY CONTEXT "governmental agency"

"municipal agency"
"non profit corporation" Only one attribute can be selected per agency. Pick the type that
"business corporation" is the best fit.
Character of the type of agency
"community organisation" a. "municipal agency"
agency_type that is conducting/posting the string
"educational institute" If the agency's type is not listed in the Protocol, please suggest b. "non profit corporation"
study.
"private individual" adding an additional category in the official Protocol development
forum (initially hosted by Gehl Institute).
List should be exhaustive and
must not contain duplicates.
TABLE: “STUDY”
CONTENT: The table contains second-level metadata that sets the context of the overall study. The table should be filled in once per study.
REQUIRED: Yes.
• STUDY
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• agency_id
Unique identifier. Used to link
files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. USA_Gehl_Institute
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• study_id
Unique identifier. Used to link
files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. NY_2017_1
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Consider giving the study an indicative name that makes it easy to

look up in the future, or to find by people who have not been a. Study 1
Title or name of the study as
study_title string n/a directly involved with the study. b. San Francisco PSPL 2017
given by the conducting agency.
The name could consist of a date and a site, or it can be c. Vesterbrogade Development 2017-2019
completely arbitrary.

If the study is linked to a series of studies or if it is part of a larger

Title or name of the project that
project or initiative, this information can be indicated within this a. Pavement to Parks
the study is part of.
study_project Leave blank if the study is not
string n/a field. Avoid abbreviations and informal language. b. Annual Community study
c. Lincoln Road Pilot 2017
linked to any other project.
The field may be used as an alternative to the field "study_title".

Project phase or stage at the time

a. Phase 1
of the study. This field can be used to indicate whether a study is part of a
study_project_phase Leave blank if the study is not
string n/a
pre-, during-, or post-implementation study of a project.
b. Post Implementation
c. Baseline Study
linked ot any other project.

Specify the approximate timeframe of the entire study from the

date the first count is conducted. If the first count takes place on a
Date of the first survey taking
study_start_date place within a study.
date yyyymmdd Wednesday, the Monday of that week can be specified as the start a. 20170415
date of the study to indicate a study timeframe of e.g. two full
weeks.

Specify the approximate timeframe of the entire study from the

date the last count is conducted. If the last study takes place on a
The date of the last survey taking
study_end_date
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, Citywithin
place of Sana Francisco,
study.
date
and Copenhagen Municipality. yyyymmdd Saturday, the Sunday of that week can be specified as the end a. 20170418 PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT. date of that study to indicate a study timeframe of e.g. two full Version: BETA / September 27 2017
weeks.

Choose the scale that best describes the geographical scope of

the study.

Defined categories:

"District": an area that includes both a city center and its vicinities.
"Greater London" would be considered a district, whereas
"London" would be considered a city.

"City": an area within the municipal boundaries of the city, as

defined by that city's municipal agencies. "Seattle" would be
considered a city.

"City Centre": an area defined as the centre of the city, either

"district"
officially by the city's municipal agencies, or unofficially through
"city"
colloquial speech. "Downtown Denver" would be considered a city
"city centre"
Approximate scale of the entire centre.
"neighbourhood"
study area, irregardless of the a. "city centre"
study_scale amount of survey locations
string "block scale"
"Neighbourhood": a named or clearly defined area within a city b. "neighbourhood"
"single site"
within that study area. that is not considered the city centre. Neighbourhoods typically
comprise several blocks and their boundaries can vary from official
List should be exhaustive and
election boundaries. "Meatpacking District" would be considered a
must not contain duplicates.
neighbourhood.

"Block Scale": an area comprising one or several blocks within the

city, but which do not make up an entire neighbourhood. "2nd to
3rd Avenue between 5th and 8th St" would be considered a block
scale.

"Single Site": an area defining a single location, typically a plaza or

one stretch of street. "Union Square" would be considered a single
site.

If the identified scale of the study is not listed, please request

making an addition to the official Protocol development forum
(currently hosted by Gehl Institute)

The study areas can be used to specify e.g. if multiple

neighbourhoods were surveyed together within the overall study.
Area geometries for surveys
This categorisation can be useful in the data analysis and
bundles together within one a. {"geometry": { "type": "LineString","coordinates": [[-
Geography component of the comparison phase of the project.
study_areas larger study. JSON
GeoJSON specification.
73.98920238018036, 40.74316432553873], [-
Leave blank if no such sub- 73.98907899856567,40.74314400397063]]}
Must be JSON, cannot be KML or Shapefile. Use for example open
division is necessary.
source www.geojson.io, or other free open tools.
Use WSG84/CRS4326.

Write the name of the person in charge of organising and carrying

• study_manager_name
Name of the person in charge of
the study.
string Name_Surname_title
out the entire study. If more people have been in charge, specify
the person that can best be contacted and queried about the
a. John_Smith_urban planner
b. Sandy_Jones_community representative
content of the study.

Specify the contact information of the person that has been in

Direct email to the person in a. [email protected]
study_manager_email charge of the study.
string n/a charge of organising and carrying out the study. If no email exists,
b. [email protected]
a phone number can be provided instead, also within this field.

Specify the Public Life Data Protocol version used to conduct or

publish the study.
If the data has been converted from another format, indicate this
Version of the Public Life Data
• study_protocol_version Protocol that the study is written string
"BETA"
"#.#"
in the field "study_notes", and indicate the Protocol version that
the data has been converted to within this field.
a. BETA
b. 2.1
in.

Keep up to date with new versions of the Protocol in the official

Protocol forum (initially hosted by Gehl Institute).

The notes should help to frame the context of the study, both its a. This study was conducted as a test and will be followed up by a
goals and potential challenges that are relevant to interpreting the second study soon. Check for updated versions.
Notes that regard the entirety of data correctly. b. We conducted this study as an experiment with new volunteers.
study_notes string n/a
the study. The notes section can also be used to indicate whether the data Some volunteers have indicated in their notes that they might have
was converted from another format. misunderstood some categories. Look out for this when using the
Notes may be written in the agency's chosen language. data.

blue dot • = required field end.

grey text and box = unique identifier
TABLES DESCRIBING LOCATIONS Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 11 of 38

• LOCATIONS
 Specify the contact information of the person that has been in
Direct email to the person in a. [email protected]
study_manager_email charge of the study.
string n/a charge of organising and carrying out the study. If no email exists,
b. [email protected]
a phone number can be provided instead, also within this field.

Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Specify the Public Life Data Protocol version used to conduct or Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and
publish Seattle DOT
the study. Version: BETA / September 27 2017
If the data has been converted from another format, indicate this
Version of the Public Life Data
• study_protocol_version Protocol that the study is written string
"BETA"
"#.#"
in the field "study_notes", and indicate the Protocol version that
the data has been converted to within this field.
a. BETA
b. 2.1
SPECIFICATION in.

Keep up to date with new versions of the Protocol in the official

DESCRIBING THE SURVEY LOCATIONS

Protocol forum (initially hosted by Gehl Institute).

The notes should help to frame the context of the study, both its a. This study was conducted as a test and will be followed up by a
goals and potential challenges that are relevant to interpreting the second study soon. Check for updated versions.
Notes that regard the entirety of data correctly. b. We conducted this study as an experiment with new volunteers.
study_notes string n/a
the study. The notes section can also be used to indicate whether the data Some volunteers have indicated in their notes that they might have
was converted from another format. misunderstood some categories. Look out for this when using the
Notes may be written in the agency's chosen language. data.

TABLE: “LOCATIONS”
TABLES DESCRIBING LOCATIONS
CONTENT: The table contains information about all the locations ever surveyed by an agency, whether intended for surveying people moving (line geometry) or people staying (area geometry.
REQUIRED: Yes.
• LOCATIONS
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• agency_id
Unique identifier. Used to link
files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. NY_2017_1
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• location_id
Unique identifier. Used to link
files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Broadway_3A
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

An agency may have a database/list of locations within multiple

countries.
a. United States of America
• location_country
Country that the survey location
is based within.
string n/a
A survey location can only be based within one country, but a
study may comprise survey locations from multiple countries.
b. Denmark
c. United Kingdom

Do not use abbreviations (e.g. DK for Denmark).

Listing the regions will help distinguish between places that have
a. California
State, county, or municipal the same name, and which are located within the same country.
location_region string n/a b. Nordjylland
boundary of the location.
c. Lincolnshire
Do not use abbreviations (e.g. CA for California).

Write the city's full name as it is officially registered.

If the location exists outside of a city, fill in the "location_region"

Name of the city that the survey field instead, and write "null" in the value of this field.
a. San Francisco
• location_city
location is based within.
Leave blank if the survey location
string n/a
Capitalise the first letter of all nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives,
b. Aalborg
c. Lincoln
is not based within a city. subordinating conjunctions, and sometimes conjunctions.
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality. Prepositions are only capitalised it they are used adjectivally or PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT. adverbially. Do not use special characters. Do not use Version: BETA / September 27 2017
abbreviations.

Locations that survey people moving are indicated with a line

geometry that runs perpendicular to the flow of people.
Locations that survey people staying are indicated with an area
geometry that defines the boundaries for people to stay within.

The geometry must describe exactly the line or area surveyed. If a

street or a public square has been subdivided to ease the a. {"geometry": { "type": "LineString","coordinates": [[-
• location_geometry
Line or Polygon that describes
the geometry of the location.
JSON
Geography component of the
GeoJSON specification.
collection process, a location geometry must be created for each 73.98920238018036, 40.74316432553873], [-
individual subdivision. Further specifications may be given in the 73.98907899856567,40.74314400397063]]}
field "location_subdivision".

The value must be JSON. It cannot be KML or Shapefile. Use for

example open source www.geojson.io, or any other free open
tools.
Use the coordinate system WSG84/CRS4326.

Choose "line" if the location is a line geometry, surveying people

Indication of whether the
moving.
location is intended for counts of
people moving (across a line), or "line" a. "line"
location_type whether it is intended for counts
string
"area"
Choose "area" if the location is an area geometry, surveying
b. "area"
people staying.
of people staying (within an
area).
The value of this field cannot be null.

Write the name that the location is officially recognised by.

This will typically be the name of a street or a plaza.
a. Union Square

• location_name_primary
Official, specific name of the
survey location.
string n/a
Capitalise the first letter of all nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives,
subordinating conjunctions, and sometimes conjunctions.
b. Vesterbrogade
c. Regent Street
Prepositions are only capitalized it they are used adjectivally or d. Market Street
adverbially. Avoid special characters, including apostrophise and
period markers.

Use this field as best suits the context of the survey location.

Specify the nearest cross street, a famous building next to the

location, the block number, street number, or any other type of
Secondary or specifying name of a. North
location_name_secondary secondary information that help specify the location without the
location_name_secondar the survey location. b. by Tivoli
string n/a use of coordinates.
y Leave blank if no specification is c. block 3000
necessary. d. number 345
Consider what information will be useful for external readers of the
data to locate the survey location without the use of coordinates.
Consider what information will be useful if more survey locations
are created in close proximity.

This field is meant to be used to indicate if a street or a plaza is not

surveyed in its entirery. If a street is not surveyed from facade to
facade, but rather from facade to the centre-line of the street, then
the location is considered to be subdivided into e.g. north and
south. If a plaza is not surveyed along its official boundaries, but
null
split into four smaller boundaries, then the location is considered
"north"
Line Geometry: indication of to be subdivided into e.g. north, south, east, and west.
"north-east"
whether the line is a subdivision
"east"
of a single survey location. Indicate whether the survey line/area has been subdivided into a. null
•
"south-east"
location_subdivision string
"south"
two or more surveys, using the geographical orientation of the b. "centre"
Area Geometry: indication of location. Subdivision may be considered in places that are very c. "south"
"south-west"
whether an area is a subdivision busy, or which have very different uses across a line or area.
"west"
of a single survey location.
"north-west"
Choose your orientation based on the closest alignment with due
"centre"
north, +/- a 45 degree angle.
Example: if the street/plaza is oriented towards N-NW, register the
street/plaza either on the N/S axis or the NW/SE axis.

If the entirety of a line/area is surveyed, then the field value is null.

Only one category can be assigned per survey line or area. Choose
the category that best describes the location on a normal day ... continued
when no special activities take place.

Defined categories:

"commercial": high density of commercial establishments, like

shops and restaurants, or high density of informal commercial
activity, like market stalls and food carts. Also applies to malls.

"CBD": Central Business District, mixes offices, commercial

activity, and infrastructural arteries.

"civic": strong presence of public and civic functions, like libraries,

Project
churches, Responsible:
or municipal buildings. Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)

"cultural": strong presence of cultural functions, like theatres and

Page 12 of 38
museums.
"commercial"
 the location is considered to be subdivided into e.g. north and
south. If a plaza is not surveyed along its official boundaries, but
null
split into four smaller boundaries, then the location is considered
"north"
Line Geometry: indication of to be subdivided into e.g. north, south, east, and west.
"north-east"
whether the line is a subdivision
"east"
Founded by Gehl Institute withof aGehl, City location.
single survey of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Indicate whether the survey line/area has been subdivided into a. null Public Life Data Protocol
• location_subdivision string
"south-east"
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco,"south"
Copenhagen Municipality,
two orand
more Seattle DOT
surveys, using the geographical orientation of the b. "centre" Version: BETA / September 27 2017
Area Geometry: indication of location. Subdivision may be considered in places that are very c. "south"
"south-west"
whether an area is a subdivision busy, or which have very different uses across a line or area.
"west"
of a single survey location.
SPECIFICATION "north-west"
"centre"
Choose your orientation based on the closest alignment with due
north, +/- a 45 degree angle.
TABLE: “LOCATIONS” Example: if the street/plaza is oriented towards N-NW, register the
street/plaza either on the N/S axis or the NW/SE axis.

If the entirety of a line/area is surveyed, then the field value is null.

... continued

Only one category can be assigned per survey line or area. Choose
the category that best describes the location on a normal day
when no special activities take place.

Defined categories:

"commercial": high density of commercial establishments, like

shops and restaurants, or high density of informal commercial
activity, like market stalls and food carts. Also applies to malls.

"CBD": Central Business District, mixes offices, commercial

activity, and infrastructural arteries.

"civic": strong presence of public and civic functions, like libraries,

churches, or municipal buildings.

"cultural": strong presence of cultural functions, like theatres and

museums.
"commercial"
"CBD" "educational": character is dominated by an educational
"civic" institution, like a university campus.
"cultural"
"educational" "industrial": high density of heavier industry, presence of
"industrial" warehouses, storage spaces, and buildings sites.
"infrastructural"
Primary character of the survey a. "recreational"
"medical" "infrastructural": dominated by the need to move goods, people,
location_character location's immediate string b. "CBD"
"mixed" and vehicles between other destinations, like a central artery or a
surroundings. c. "commercial"
"office" station area.
"recreational"
"residential" "medical": many or large facilities for medical practice, typically a
"rural" hospital campus.
"stadium"
"mixed": equal mix of retail, residences, and office space.
List should be exhaustive and
must not contain duplicates. "office": primarily office buildings with limited presence of
residential buildings and shops.

"recreational": high presence of nature, open space, recreational

activities, like a path through a park or along a playground.

"residential": high density of residential buildings, few commercial

activities, no business or industry.

"rural": low density of buildings, high density of nature and

agriculture.

"sport": predominantly assigned for sports activities, typically a

stadium or a large football field.

If the identified character of the location is not listed, please

suggest making an addition to the official Protocol development
forum (currently hosted by Gehl Institute)

blue dot • = required field end.

grey text and box = unique identifier
LOCATION_LINE
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 13 of 38
 "recreational"
"residential" "medical": many or large facilities for medical practice, typically a
"rural" hospital campus.
"stadium"
"mixed": equal mix of retail, residences, and office space.
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality
List should be exhaustive and Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco,must not contain duplicates.
Copenhagen "office":
Municipality, andprimarily officeDOT
Seattle buildings with limited presence of Version: BETA / September 27 2017
residential buildings and shops.

"recreational": high presence of nature, open space, recreational

SPECIFICATION activities, like a path through a park or along a playground.

DETAILS FOR LINE-GEOMETRY LOCATIONS

"residential": high density of residential buildings, few commercial
activities, no business or industry.

"rural": low density of buildings, high density of nature and

agriculture.

"sport": predominantly assigned for sports activities, typically a

stadium or a large football field.

If the identified character of the location is not listed, please

suggest making an addition to the official Protocol development
forum (currently hosted by Gehl Institute)

TABLE: “LOCATION_LINE”
CONTENT: The table contains additional location information that is unique to line geometries (surveying people moving).
REQUIRED: No.
LOCATION_LINE
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality.
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT.
PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
Version: BETA / September 27 2017

FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE
Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1
• location_id
Unique identifier. Used to link
files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Broadway
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Register this information in case the attributes change over time,

• line_date_measured
Date that the location_line
attributes were measured.
date yyyymmdd
like if a pavement is extended from one study to the next.
A location may generate a history of changes over time that can be
a. 20170607
correlated with the public life data.

Measure across the lenght of the line geometry. This information

may be derived from the location_geometry field.

If the space cannot be measured from facade to facade or within

Total width of the street/space [meter] the right-of-way, as may be the case with forest paths or paths a. 32.55
line_total_m that the line geometry intersects.
numeric
across city squares, measure the width of the path that the line b. 24.97
geometry intersect, which will also be the same as the width
assigned for pedestrians.

Use no less than two decimal points.

Measure the width of pedestrian footpaths, pavements, etc. Do

not include space assigned along buildings for café furniture,
signage, etc., nor space at the edge of the street assigned for
Width of the pedestrian area on
[meter] street lamps, fire posts, bins, etc. The value must represent the a. 6.34
line_pedestrian_m the street/space that the line numeric
usable pedestrian space, also if the pedestrian space is shared with b. 24.97
geometry intersects.
other modes of transport.

Use no less than two decimal points.

Measure the width of the bicycle lane, path, route, etc. Only
measure space that is specifically assigned to cyclists, i.e. not
areas that are shared with vehicular traffic. On shared surface
Width of the bicycle area that the roads that allow bicycling, measure the navigable area. a. 4.50
line_bicycle_m numeric [meter]
line geometry intersects. If the line geometry does not intersect any areas assigned for b. 0.00
bicycling, the field value=0.

Use no less than two decimal points.

Measure the width of the vehicular lanes from curb to curb,

including areas assigned for parking or for bicycling, if the
bicycling space is shared with moving traffic. On shared surface
roads, measure the drivable area even if this is shared with
Width of the vehicular area that a. 18.45
line_vehicular_m numeric [meter] pedestrians.
the line geometry intersects. b. 24.97
If the line geometry does not intersect any areas assigned for
bicycling, the field value=0.

Use no less than two decimal points.

null
"pedestrian only" Choose the category that best describes the conditions at the
"pedestrian priority" survey location.
Typology of the space assigned
"wide pavements" An agency may choose to use the terminology most commonly
line_typology_pedestrian for pedestrians that the line string
"narrow pavements" used within the agency, city, or country of the location.
geometry intersects.
"no pavements"
If no pedestrian areas exist, the value is null.
This list is suggestive.

null
"protected"
"buffered"
Choose the category that best describes the conditions at the
"raised"
survey location.
Typology of the space assigned "shared with motorized traffic"
An agency may choose to use the terminology most commonly a. "protected"
line_typology_bicycle for bicycles that the line string "shared with public transport"
used within the agency, city, or country of the location. b. null
geometry intersects. "shared with pedestrians"
"greenway"
If no bicycle lane exists, the value is null.
"signed only"

This list is suggestive.

Choose the category that best describes the conditions at the

survey location. An agency may choose to use the terminology
most commonly used within the agency, city, or country of the
location.

Defined categories:

"pedestrian only": designated primarily to pedestrians. Bicycle

traffic may be allowed, as may vehicular service traffic at
designated times of the day.

null "transit only": designated primarily to pedestrians and to public

"transit only" transit. Bicycles or other soft modes of transportation may be
"shared surface" allowed.
"one-way traffic"
Typology of the space assigned
"two-way traffic" "shared surface": shared equally between pedestrians and any a. "pedestrian only"
line_typology_vehicular for vehicles that the line string
"boulevard" form of vehicular traffic. Can also be shared with other modes of b. "boulevard"
geometry intersects.
"alley" transport.
"waterway"
"one-way traffic": designated one-way vehicular traffic lane(s).
This list is suggestive. Maximum of two travel lanes, otherwise categorise as boulevard.

"two-way traffic": vehicular traffic lanes designated to moving in

both directions. Maximum of four travel lanes, otherwise
categorise as boulevard.

"boulevard": multi-lane arterial thoroughfare, often divided with a

median down the centre.

"alley": narrow passageway between or behind buildings.

"waterway": river, canal, or other route for travel by water.

blue dot • = required field end.

LOCATION_AREA
grey text and box = unique identifier

FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• location_id
Unique identifier. Used to link
files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Broadway
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Project
Register Responsible:
this information Shin-pei
in case the attributesTsay
change(Gehl Institute) / Project
over time, Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
e.g. if a plaza is turned into a park, or if the dimensions of the
• area_date_measured
Date that the location_area
attributes were measured.
date yyyymmdd space assigned for people change. a. 20170607 Page 14 of 38
A location may generate a history of changes over time that can be
correlated with the public life data.
 waterfront and parkside streets
historic streets
streets in informal areas
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT Version: BETA / September 27 2017

SPECIFICATION
BIKELANE CLASSES
CATEGORIES FOR TABLE: “LOCATION_LINE”
SYNTHESIS OF SEVERAL ONLINE LISTS
protected path
buffered lane
INSPIRATION FOR CATEGORIES WITHIN THE FIELD: “LINE_TYPOLOGY_BICYCLE”
standard lane
• Several examples of bicycle lane typologies were collected from a range of established organisations to define
shared lane
the suggested list of typologies for line geometries. The categories in the field “line_typology_bicycle” are
signed route
derived from these, and other, sources.
raised cycle track
• An agency may choose to use a type of categorisation that is already established within the organisation, city,
raised and protected
or country
two-way that the study takes place in. The Protocol development team welcomes submissions of alternative
cycle track
standards
gravel path to make the suggestive list within the Protocol as holistic as possible.

NYC DOT
A standard bike line is located between a vehicle lane and the
standard
parking line.

Painted directly next to a curb on the side of a street without

curb side parking.
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality. PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco,Painted between
Copenhagen the curb and
Municipality, a lane
and of parked
Seattle DOT. cars or a jersey Version: BETA / September 27 2017
protected path barrier

pedestrian plaza Bike lane painted along the edge of a pedestrian plaza.

NACTO

Bike lanes designate an exclusive space for bicyclists through the

use of pavement markings and signage. The bike lane is located
conventional bike lanes adjacent to motor vehicle travel lanes and flows in the same
direction as motor vehicle traffic.

Buffered bike lanes are conventional bicycle lanes paired with a

designated buffer space separating the bicycle lane from the
buffered bike lanes adjacent motor vehicle travel lane and/or parking lane. A buffered
bike lane is allowed as per MUTCD guidelines for buffered
preferential lanes (MUTCD section 3D-01).

Contra-flow bicycle lanes are bicycle lanes designed to allow

bicyclists to ride in the opposite direction of motor vehicle traffic.
contra-flow bike lanes They convert a one-way traffic street into a two-way street: one
direction for motor vehicles and bikes, and the other for bikes only.

Left-side bike lanes are conventional bike lanes placed on the left
side of one-way streets or two-way median divided streets. Left-
left-side bike lanes side bike lanes offer advantages along streets with heavy delivery
or transit use, frequent parking turnover on the right side, or other
potential conflicts.

CALIFORNIA DOT
No bikeway designation, or a recommended 4-foot paved roadway
shared roadway shoulder with a standard 4 inch edge line.

Bike path. Should be used to serve corridors not served by streets

and highwayrs or where wide right of way exists, permitting such
class I bikeway facilities to be constructed away from the influence of parallel
streets.

Bike lane. Established along streets in corridors where there is

class II bikeway significant bicycle demand, and where there are distinct needs
that can be served by them.

Bike route. Shared facilities which serve either to provide

class III bikeway continuity to other bicycle facilities, or to designate preferred
routes through high demand corridors.

Seperated bikeways. A bikeway for the exclusive use of bicycles

class VI bikeway and includes a sparation required between the separated bikeway
and the through vehicular traffic.

end.
END Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla Siggaard Andersen (Gehl)

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 15 of 38
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT Version: BETA / September 27 2017

SPECIFICATION
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality. PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
CATEGORIES
Tested, iterated,FOR TABLE:
and refined by Gehl“LOCATION_LINE”
Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT. Version: BETA / September 27 2017

APPENDIX G
INSPIRATION FOR CATEGORIES WITHIN THE FIELD: “LINE_TYPOLOGY_VEHICULAR”
LINE TYPOLOGIES - INSPIRATION
• Several examples of street typologies were collected from a range of established organisations to define the
Typology definitions for line surveys (typically streets)
suggested list of typologies for line geometries. The categories in the field “line_typology_vehicular” are derived from
An agency may choose to use the typology that is already established within the organisation, city, or country that the study takes place in.
these, and other, sources.
• An agency may choose to use a type of categorisation that is already established within the organisation, city, or
country that the study takes place in. The Protocol development team welcomes submissions of alternative standards

STREET TYPOLOGIES
to make the suggestive list within the Protocol as holistic as possible.

SF BETTER STREETS OPEN STREET MAPS

downtown commercial streets aerial way
commercial throughways waterway
neighbourhood commercial streets highway
downtown residential streets main road
residential throughways commercial street
neighbourhood residential streets residential street
industrial streets footway
mixed-use streets alley
parkways avenue
park edge streets arterial street
park interior cul-de-sac
multi-way boulevard dirt road
ceremonial (civic) streets gravel road
alleys lane
shared public ways parkway
pedestrian-only streets freeway

NACTO: GLOBAL STREETS DESIGN GUIDE NACTO: URBAN STREET DESIGN GUIDE
pedestrian-only streets aerial way
laneways and alleys waterway
parklets highway
pedestrian plazas main road
commercial shared streets commercial street
residential shared streets residential street
residential streets footway
neighbourhood main streets alley
central one-way streets avenue
central two-way streets arterial street
transit streets cul-de-sac
large streets with transit dirt road
grand streets gravel road
elevated structure improvements
elevated structure removal
streets to streams
temporary street closures
post-industrial revitalization
waterfront and parkside streets
historic streets
streets in informal areas

end.

BIKELANE CLASSES

SYNTHESIS OF SEVERAL ONLINE LISTS

protected path
buffered lane
standard lane
shared lane
signed route
raised cycle track
raised and protected
two-way cycle track
gravel path

NYC DOT
A standard bike line is located between a vehicle lane and the
standard parking line.

Painted directly next to a curb on the side of a street without

curb side parking.

Painted between the curb and a lane of parked cars or a jersey

protected path barrier

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 16 of 38
 traffic may be allowed, as may vehicular service traffic at
designated times of the day.

null "transit only": designated primarily to pedestrians and to public

"transit only" transit. Bicycles or other soft modes of transportation may be
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality
"shared surface" allowed.
Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco,"one-way
Copenhagen
traffic" Municipality, and Seattle DOT Version: BETA / September 27 2017
Typology of the space assigned
"two-way traffic" "shared surface": shared equally between pedestrians and any a. "pedestrian only"
line_typology_vehicular for vehicles that the line string
"boulevard" form of vehicular traffic. Can also be shared with other modes of b. "boulevard"
geometry intersects.
"alley" transport.
SPECIFICATION "waterway"
"one-way traffic": designated one-way vehicular traffic lane(s).

DETAILS FOR AREA-GEOMETRY LOCATIONS

This list is suggestive. Maximum of two travel lanes, otherwise categorise as boulevard.

"two-way traffic": vehicular traffic lanes designated to moving in

both directions. Maximum of four travel lanes, otherwise
categorise as boulevard.

"boulevard": multi-lane arterial thoroughfare, often divided with a

median down the centre.

"alley": narrow passageway between or behind buildings.

"waterway": river, canal, or other route for travel by water.

TABLE: “LOCATION_AREA”
CONTENT: The table contains additional location information that is unique to area geometries (surveying people staying).
REQUIRED: No.
LOCATION_AREA
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• location_id
Unique identifier. Used to link
files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Broadway
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Register this information in case the attributes change over time,

e.g. if a plaza is turned into a park, or if the dimensions of the
• area_date_measured
Date that the location_area
attributes were measured.
date yyyymmdd space assigned for people change. a. 20170607
A location may generate a history of changes over time that can be
correlated with the public life data.

Measure the total area encompassed by the perimeter that define

the survey location. This information may be derived from the
Total area of the space defined a. 109.65 PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
area_total_sqm
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen
by the area geometry.
numericMunicipality. [square meter] location_geometry field.
b. 1245.54
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT. Version: BETA / September 27 2017
Use no less than two decimal points.

Measure the total area assigned for stationary activities where

stationary activities can also take place. Do not include areas that
Area of the space defined by the
are assigned for vehicular traffic, parking, flower beds, decorative a. 109.65
area_people_sqm geometry that is inhabitable and numeric [square meter]
fountains, etc. b. 940.44
assigned for stationary activities.

Use no less than two decimal points.

"Park"
"Square"
Choose the category that best describes the survey location. An
"Station"
agency may choose to use the terminology most commonly
Typology of the space defined "Street" a. "park"
area_typology numeric applied within the agency, city, or country of the location.
within the area geometry. "Community" b. "station_regional"
"Water"
Only one attribute can be assigned per area geometry.

This list is suggestive.

blue dot • = required field end.

TABLES
grey text andDESCRIBING THE
box = unique identifier PUBLIC LIFE OBSERVATIONAL DATA (expanded in appendices)

• SURVEY_CONTEXT
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE
Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1
• study_id
Unique identifier. Used to link
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San
files/tables
integer
Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality.
together.
n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. NY_2017_1
PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT. Version: BETA / September 27 2017
Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1
• SUBCATEGORIES
location_id
APPENDIX H
Unique identifier. Used to link
FOR THE
files/tables FIELD: “AREA_TYPOLOGY”
together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Broadway
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

AREA
•
TYPOLOGIES - INSPIRATION
A more detailed or nuanced typology of an area may be indicated by using one of these listed subcategories.
Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1
• • An agency may alsoUnique
survey_id choose
Typology definitions for area
identifier.
to use
counts
files/tables
Usedatotype
link of categorisation that is already established within the organisation, city, or country that the study takes place in.
integer
(typically places).
together.
n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)
In thismay
An agency case, the Protocol
choose development
to use the typology thatteam welcomes
is already suggestions
established and
within the submissions
organisation, oforalternative
city, standards.
country that the study takes place in.
Write the exact time the survey count starts.
The precision should be on the minute, but it does not have to be
CATEGORY SUB CATEGORIES DESCRIPTION
on the hour. A survey count may start at 13:03 and run until e.g.
13:23.
Also If the as
known survey is conducted
a parkette in person,
or mini-park. a tolerance
Pocket offrequently
parks are +/- 5 created on a single vacant building lot or on small, irregular pieces
Pocket minutes is allowable
of land. Are typically for
onlythe exact
used by start time. However,
immediate theorlength
neighbours passersby.
• survey_time_start
Exact date and time that the
survey count started.
date:time
Local
yyyymmdd:hhmm
of the count, indicated by time_stop, must be accurate on the
Serves
a. 20170601:1330
minute.an entire neighbourhood or even a couple of neighbourhoods. Is rarely visited by tourists.
Park Serves all of description
a city. People might travel to visit it, both lcoally and globally (tourists). Typically this type of park will be adjacent to a
Civic See further in the field "survey_time_stop".
civic building or it will be centered around a monument.
Use military terminology, e.g. 1300 instead of 1pm or 01:00.
AUse
cultural or natural destination accessible to all members of society, including natural materials such as air, water, and a habitable
local time.
Commons
earth. Not privately owned.

AWrite
smallthe
hard-surfaced space.
exact time the Typically
survey created on a single vacant building lot or on small, irregular pieces of land. Are typically only
count stops.
Pocket
used by immediate
This should neighbours
be exactly or passersbys.
on the minute, but it does not have to be on
the hour. It is very important that the total length of your counts,
Local Serves an entire neighbourhood or even a couple of neighbourhoods. Is rarely visited by tourists.
whether it was 10 minutes, 13 minutes, or 60 minutes, is accurately
Arepresented
hard-surfacedbetween
spacetime_start and time_stop,
that is surrounded as the data may
by a considerable density of commercial activity, like shops, restaurants, etc. Can also be a
Square Commercial
be usedthat
to extrapolate hourly or daily averages.
square is used for markets.

Civic AUse
hard-surfaced space serving
military terminology, an entire
e.g. 1300 community.
instead of 1pm or Is typically also visited by tourists, both local and global.
01:00.
Use local time.
Has been created temporarily either to be taken away after a shorter period of time to to be replaced by a permanent design after a
Temporary
shorter period of time.
Surveys of moving people:
Local The difference
Serving between time_start
a neighbourhood, and
like a local time_stop
bus should
stop or light railnot be
station.
less than 10 minutes for any type of location. For low density
Exact date and time that the Regional Serving a region, like a regional bus stop, a commuter train station, or a ferry harbour.
locations, the the survey count should be conducted for an even
Station survey count stopped.
National longer travellers
Serves period of time to collect
the entire a representative
country, sample.
typically a train station.
The survey length can vary from location to location, or from hour
Surveys of moving people should International Serves global
withintravellers, typically anonairport or an international
of people. harbour.
•
to hour, a study, depending the density
survey_time_stop be no less than ten minutes in date:time yyyymmdd:hhmm a. 20170601:1345
Block An area bounded by facades on either side and by street crossings at either end.
length.
Surveys of stationary people:
AArea
parklet is a sidewalk
surveys aim to beextension
"snapshots"thatofprovides more
the public space and
life taking placeamenities
in for people using the street. Usually parklets are installed on
Street Surveys of stationary people Parklet
parking
a space,lanes andtherefore
and are use several
notparking spaces. as the counts of
as time-specific
should be snapshots in time.
moving people. However, it may still take a little while to register
Alley A narrow passageway between or behind buildings, bounded by building walls and the official street edges/right-of-way.
all the people staying in a place at one time. Therefore, the
Cemetary difference
Also between
graveyard, time_start
churchyard, and ground,
burial time_stop should not
memorial be more
garden. An area set apart for containing graces, tombs, or funeral urns.
than 5 minutes for smaller, less busy places, and not be more than
Recreation A community area for recreation that is neither a park, a street, or a square. Can be a local exercise site, like a basketball court.
20 minutes for larger, busier places. If the survey count takes too
Playground Along,
space containing
consider ample
limiting the invitations for especially
survey components childrens' play,
per timeframe, or typically involving swingsets, slides, or sandboxes.
subdivide the survey area into smaller areas.
Community Open to the
Schoolyard Surveys cangeneral public even
have different outsideand
timeframes of school hours.
sometimes Can embody both areas for recreation and a playground, but should be
a survey
categorised
can start andbystop
the within
ownership.
the same minute if the area has no people
or few people staying within it.
A single piece for land gardened collectively by a group of people. Flowers, plants, and vegetables grow here, tended by the local
Garden
community.
See guidelines for studying public life on gehlinstitute.org for more
Beach information.
Typically larger areas with a soft groundcover of sand or pebbles. Is bounded by a large body of water, either the sea or a lake.
Riverfront A hard-surfaced space next to a flowing body of water.
Lakefront A hard-surfaced space next to a still body of water.
Use the suggested list of special events to indicate whether any
unique activities may have impacted the specific survey count.
Water A place on the coast where vessels may find shelter, especially protected from rough water by artificial structures. Identified and
The list may be expanded to cover new contexts and needs, but
Harbour distinguished from other water-related typologies by the definite presence of sailing activity, but by being in and of itself landbased
duplicates or near-duplicates should be avoided.
(unlike a pier).
Defined categories:
null A platform supported on pillars or girders leading out from the shore into a body of water. Sometimes used as a landing stage for
Pier
"cultural/communal event" boats.
"cultural/communal event": music performance, block party, street
"political/religious activity" artists, etc.
Indicate if anything out of the
"commercial event"
ordinary took place at the
survey_time_character specific time of the survey count string
"national/local holiday" "political/religious activity": rallies, demonstrations, public a. "cultural/communal event"
Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project
end.
END "accident/emergency" preaching, etc. b. "commercial event" Manager: Camilla Siggaard Andersen (Gehl)
that may have impacted the
"roadwork/construction"
results.
Projectevent":
"commercial Responsible: Shin-peifood
flea market, temporary Tsay (Gehl
trucks, streetInstitute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
List is non-exhaustive. Duplicates vendors, etc.
are not allowed. Page 17 of 38
"national/local holiday": bank holidays, or locally recognized days
off from either school or work.
 Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality. PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT. Version: BETA / September 27 2017

Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Measure the total area assigned for stationary activities where
Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, andactivities
stationary Seattle canDOT
also take place. Do not include areas that Version: BETA / September 27 2017
Area of the space defined by the
are assigned for vehicular traffic, parking, flower beds, decorative a. 109.65
area_people_sqm geometry that is inhabitable and numeric [square meter]
fountains, etc. b. 940.44
assigned for stationary activities.
SPECIFICATION Use no less than two decimal points.

DESCRIBING A SURVEY COMPONENT’S TIME AND PLACE "Park"

"Square"
"Station"
Choose the category that best describes the survey location. An
agency may choose to use the terminology most commonly
Typology of the space defined "Street" a. "park"
area_typology numeric applied within the agency, city, or country of the location.
within the area geometry. "Community" b. "station_regional"
"Water"
Only one attribute can be assigned per area geometry.

This list is suggestive.

TABLE: “SURVEY_CONTEXT”
TABLES DESCRIBING THE PUBLIC LIFE OBSERVATIONAL DATA (expanded in appendices)
CONTENT: The table contains information about the specific location, time, and context for a single survey.
REQUIRED: Yes.
• SURVEY_CONTEXT
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE
Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1
• study_id
Unique identifier. Used to link
files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. NY_2017_1
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• location_id
Unique identifier. Used to link
files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Broadway
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier. Used to link
files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Write the exact time the survey count starts.

The precision should be on the minute, but it does not have to be
on the hour. A survey count may start at 13:03 and run until e.g.
13:23. If the survey is conducted in person, a tolerance of +/- 5
minutes is allowable for the exact start time. However, the length

• survey_time_start
Exact date and time that the
survey count started.
date:time yyyymmdd:hhmm
of the count, indicated by time_stop, must be accurate on the
minute.
a. 20170601:1330

See further description in the field "survey_time_stop".

Use military terminology, e.g. 1300 instead of 1pm or 01:00.

Use local time.

Write the exact time the survey count stops.

This should be exactly on the minute, but it does not have to be on
the hour. It is very important that the total length of your counts,
whether it was 10 minutes, 13 minutes, or 60 minutes, is accurately
represented between time_start and time_stop, as the data may
be used to extrapolate hourly or daily averages.

Use military terminology, e.g. 1300 instead of 1pm or 01:00.

Use local time.

Surveys of moving people:

The difference between time_start and time_stop should not be
less than 10 minutes for any type of location. For low density
Exact date and time that the
locations, the the survey count should be conducted for an even
survey count stopped.
longer period of time to collect a representative sample.
The survey length can vary from location to location, or from hour
Surveys of moving people should
•
to hour, within a study, depending on the density of people.
survey_time_stop be no less than ten minutes in date:time yyyymmdd:hhmm a. 20170601:1345
length.
Surveys of stationary people:
Area surveys aim to be "snapshots" of the public life taking place in
Surveys of stationary people
a space, and are therefore not as time-specific as the counts of
should be snapshots in time.
moving people. However, it may still take a little while to register
all the people staying in a place at one time. Therefore, the
difference between time_start and time_stop should not be more
than 5 minutes for smaller, less busy places, and not be more than
20 minutes for larger, busier places. If the survey count takes too
long, consider limiting the survey components per timeframe, or
subdivide the survey area into smaller areas.
Surveys can have different timeframes and sometimes a survey
can start and stop within the same minute if the area has no people
or few people staying within it.

See guidelines for studying public life on gehlinstitute.org for more

information.

Use the suggested list of special events to indicate whether any

unique activities may have impacted the specific survey count.
The list may be expanded to cover new contexts and needs, but
duplicates or near-duplicates should be avoided.

Defined categories:
null
"cultural/communal event" "cultural/communal event": music performance, block party, street
"political/religious activity" artists, etc.
Indicate if anything out of the
"commercial event"
ordinary took place at the
"national/local holiday" "political/religious activity": rallies, demonstrations, public a. "cultural/communal event"
survey_time_character specific time of the survey count string
"accident/emergency" preaching, etc. b. "commercial event"
that may have impacted the
"roadwork/construction"
results.
"commercial event": flea market, temporary food trucks, street
List is non-exhaustive. Duplicates vendors, etc.
are not allowed.
"national/local holiday": bank holidays, or locally recognized days
off from either school or work.

"accident/emergency": car crash, fire, illness, etc.

"roadwork/construction": street ruptures, noise, diversions, etc.

Surveys of line geometries/moving people:

- Pick "absolute" if the data represents the total amount of people
that have passed by within the survey timeframe. Otherwise, pick
Indicate whether the data
"relative".
collected represents at total of
• survey_representation the people present within the string
"absolute"
"relative" Surveys of area geometries/stationary people:
a. "absolute"
b. "relative"
survey count time, or a
- Pick "absolute" if the data represents the total amount of people
representative sample.
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality. within the survey location, otherwise pick "relative." PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT. Version: BETA / September 27 2017
Field cannot be null.

"Sun - Exposed"
"Sun - Shaded"
"Light Clouds" Indicate the weather conditions for the survey count. This field will
"Heavy Clouds" always be a subjective indication based on the context of the study
"Light Rain" and the interpretation of the surveyor.
"Heavy Rain"
Perceived whether condition on "Fog" This data is used to interpret very local microclimate conditions a. "Light Clouds"
survey_microclimate the specific survey location.
string
"Light Wind" that may not be noticeable by weather-monitoring entities. The b. "Heavy Wind"
"Heavy Wind" weather condition is not dependant on the temperature.
"Thunder"
"Light Snow" Alternatively, weather data can be accessed retrospectively from
"Heavy Snow" online meteorological sources.

List is suggestive.

Write the temperature as it was officially recorded in the survey

location at the time of the survey count. ... continued
Official temperature measured in This data may be accessed and entered retrospectively from online
a. 25.0
survey_temperature_c the survey location at the time of integer [celsius] meteorological sources.
b. -2.5
the survey count.
Negative numbers are indicated with a "-".
UseProject Responsible:
no less than one decimal. Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 18 of 38
"analogue"
"video"
 Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT.

"Sun - Exposed"
"Sun - Shaded"
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality
"Light Clouds" Indicate the weather conditions for the survey count. This field will Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco,"Heavy
Copenhagen
Clouds" Municipality,
alwaysand Seattle indication
be a subjective DOT based on the context of the study Version: BETA / September 27 2017
"Light Rain" and the interpretation of the surveyor.
"Heavy Rain"
Perceived whether condition on "Fog" This data is used to interpret very local microclimate conditions a. "Light Clouds"
SPECIFICATION
survey_microclimate the specific survey location.
string
"Light Wind" that may not be noticeable by weather-monitoring entities. The b. "Heavy Wind"
TABLE: “SURVEY_CONTEXT” "Heavy Wind"
"Thunder"
weather condition is not dependant on the temperature.

"Light Snow" Alternatively, weather data can be accessed retrospectively from

"Heavy Snow" online meteorological sources.

... continued List is suggestive.

Write the temperature as it was officially recorded in the survey

location at the time of the survey count.
Official temperature measured in This data may be accessed and entered retrospectively from online
a. 25.0
survey_temperature_c the survey location at the time of integer [celsius] meteorological sources.
b. -2.5
the survey count.
Negative numbers are indicated with a "-".
Use no less than one decimal.

"analogue"
"video"
"motion sensor"
"pressure sensor"
Only one attribute can be selected per survey count, but a full
"Wi-Fi signal"
study may comprise survey counts that are gathered using
"GPS"
multiple methods.
• survey_method
Description of the survey count
method.
string
"radar"
"cell tower"
a. "analogue"
b. "Wi-Fi signal"
If a desired method is not listed, please make a suggestion to the
"digital application"
official Protocol development forum (initiatlly hosted by Gehl
"drone"
Institute)
"road tubes"

List should be exhaustive.

Duplicates are not allowed.

Write the name of the person that conducted the survey count. If
Name of the person conducting the data was collected digitally, omit this field.
the survey count, if the
survey_method is noted as Capitalise the first letter of all nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, a. John Smith
survey_surveyor_name analogue.
string n/a
subordinating conjunctions, and sometimes conjunctions. b. Julia Stone
Leave blank if no surveyor was Prepositions are only capitalised it they are used adjectivally or
involved in the survey count. adverbially. Avoid special characters, including apostrophise and
period markers.

a. There was a cloudburst for about two minutes of my fifteen

Use clear and concise language. minute count.
Comments that may serve to
All languages are permissible, but if an alternative language to b. Jeg så en masse skolebørn på den anden side af gaden og jeg er
survey_notes clarify the content of the survey string n/a
British English is used, this should be indicated in the field ikke sikker på at jeg fik talt dem alle sammen.
count.
"agency_language". C. The sensor may have erred within the hour of the survey count
due to a district-wide Wi-Fi outage.

blue dot • = required field end.

SUGGESTED
grey TABLES
text and box = unique AND
identifier FIELDS FOR OBSERVATIONS - see appendices for detailed tiers
Each study has the opportunity to include the components that are relevant to the specific study context. Some counts are exhaustive, meaning that all people must be registered in one category, and no person
may be registered in several categories. Other counts are non exhaustive, meaning that people may be registered in any number of categories, as well as in no categories.

SURVEY_GENDER
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier.
Links files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Unique identifier for each row of

Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. a. 1
• row_id
people surveyed.
Links simultaneous counts of
integer n/a The row_id is used to link together different attributes collected b. 2
about the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)
different components.

Indicates how many people were counted within the row.

Indicate the number of people
If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.
assigned by the row_id.
• row_total This field is not an ID, but it integer n/a
If a group of people are counted together, the field value may be
any integer from 1-...
a. 1
b. 257
should be included with every
If all people are counted together, the field value is also equal to
survey.
the total number of people surveyed within a time span.

People who are perceived by

men
surveyors as men or boys.
The content of this table is based on several country census tracts.
People who are perceived by
women surveyors as women or girls. The survey count is exclusive; one person can only have one
attribute.
People who are perceived by integer n/a n/a
surveyors as non-binary or whom Please note: Assuming gender based on observation is always
the surveyors do not feel approximate and inevitably results in cases of mis-gendering.
unknown comfortable assuming the Consider supplementing this survey with an intercept survey in
gender of. which individuals can self-report their gender identity.
Infants and toddlers may fall in
this category.

SURVEY_AGE
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier.
Links files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Unique identifier for each row of

Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. a. 1
• row_id
people surveyed.
Links simultaneous counts of
integer n/a The row_id is used to link together different attributes collected b. 2
about the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)
different components.

Indicates how many people were counted within the row.

Indicate the number of people
If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.
assigned by the row_id.
• row_total This field is not an ID, but it integer n/a
If a group of people are counted together, the field value may be
any integer from 1-...
a. 1
b. 257
should be included with every
If all people are counted together, the field value is also equal to
survey.
the total number of people surveyed within a time span.

Several tiers are available based on local census tracts and study
0-14 Infancy and childhood
complexity. The recommended tier for medium-to-high density
locations is described here.
15-24 Adolescence and early adulthood integer n/a n/a
Count is exclusive. One person can only have one attribute.
25-64 Adulthood
See Appendix B: Age for full list of tiers.
65+ Late adulthood

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 19 of 38
 • survey_method
Description of the survey count
method.
string
"radar"
"cell tower"
a. "analogue"
b. "Wi-Fi signal"
If a desired method is not listed, please make a suggestion to the
"digital application"
official Protocol development forum (initiatlly hosted by Gehl
"drone"
Institute)
"road tubes"
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Public Life Data Protocol
List should be exhaustive.
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco,Duplicates
Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT
are not allowed.
Version: BETA / September 27 2017

Write the name of the person that conducted the survey count. If
SPECIFICATION Name of the person conducting the data was collected digitally, omit this field.
the survey count, if the

SURVEY COMPONENT: PERCEIVED GENDER

survey_method is noted as Capitalise the first letter of all nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, a. John Smith
survey_surveyor_name analogue.
string n/a
subordinating conjunctions, and sometimes conjunctions. b. Julia Stone
Leave blank if no surveyor was Prepositions are only capitalised it they are used adjectivally or
involved in the survey count. adverbially. Avoid special characters, including apostrophise and
period markers.

a. There was a cloudburst for about two minutes of my fifteen

Use clear and concise language. minute count.
Comments that may serve to
All languages are permissible, but if an alternative language to b. Jeg så en masse skolebørn på den anden side af gaden og jeg er
survey_notes clarify the content of the survey string n/a
British English is used, this should be indicated in the field ikke sikker på at jeg fik talt dem alle sammen.
count.
"agency_language". C. The sensor may have erred within the hour of the survey count
due to a district-wide Wi-Fi outage.
TABLE: “SURVEY_GENDER”
CONTENT: The table contains information about the observed and perceived gender of people moving through or staying in a public space.

SUGGESTED
REQUIRED: No. TABLES AND FIELDS FOR OBSERVATIONS - see appendices for detailed tiers
Each study has
OPTIONAL the opportunity
CATEGORIES: Alltocategories
include theshould
components that are relevant
be included. to the specific
Subcategories are onlystudy context.
available Some
via countsstudies.
intercept are exhaustive, meaning that all people must be registered in one category, and no person
may be registered in several categories. Other counts are non exhaustive, meaning that people may be registered in any number of categories, as well as in no categories.
ATTRIBUTES/PERSON: A person can only be assigned one attribute, and no person may be assigned zero attributes.
NOTE: Studies are advised to support gender observational data with intercept surveys to gain more nuanced gender-related insights.
SURVEY_GENDER
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier.
Links files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Unique identifier for each row of

Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. a. 1
• row_id
people surveyed.
Links simultaneous counts of
integer n/a The row_id is used to link together different attributes collected b. 2
about the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)
different components.

Indicates how many people were counted within the row.

Indicate the number of people
If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.
assigned by the row_id.
• row_total This field is not an ID, but it integer n/a
If a group of people are counted together, the field value may be
any integer from 1-...
a. 1
b. 257
should be included with every
If all people are counted together, the field value is also equal to
survey.
the total number of people surveyed within a time span.

People who are perceived by

men
surveyors as men or boys.
The content of this table is based on several country census tracts.
People who are perceived by
women

all categories
surveyors as women or girls. The survey count is exclusive; one person can only have one
attribute.
People who are perceived by integer n/a n/a
surveyors as non-binary or whom Please note: Assuming gender based on observation is always
the surveyors do not feel approximate and inevitably results in cases of mis-gendering.
unknown comfortable assuming the Consider supplementing this survey with an intercept survey in
gender of. which individuals can self-report their gender identity.
Infants and toddlers may fall in
this category.

blue dot • = required field

Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality.
end.
PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
SURVEY_AGE
grey text
Tested, andand
iterated, box = unique
refined identifier
by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT. Version: BETA / September 27 2017

FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

APPENDIX A Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
GENDER CATEGORIES Links files/tables together.
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Perceived gender of peopleUnique

moving through or row
staying in a space.
CATEGORY SELECTION FOR
identifier
TABLE
for each of
“SURVEY_GENDER” Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. a. 1
• It
row_id
•
people surveyed.
is advised to support gender observational data withinteger
Links simultaneous counts of
intercept surveys to gain more
n/a nuanced insights into The
The gender table has been created based on selected country census tracts. More census tracts
gender
row_ididentity
is used toand sexual different
link together orientation.
attributes collected b. 2
about may beperson/group
the same added forofcomparison
people. in future versions.
c. (computer-generated ID)
different components.

Indicates how many people were counted within the row.

Indicate the number of people COUNTRY CENSUS
If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.
CATEGORY assigned by the row_id.
• row_total This field is not an ID, but it integer n/a
If a group
AU of people are counted
any integer from 1-...
together, the field value DK
UK may be a. 1
b. 257
US ARG
Men should be included with every
If all Men Men
people are counted together, Mento
the field value is also equal Men Men
survey.
Women the total number of people surveyed
Women Women within a time span. Women Women Women
Unknown - tiers are available based
Several - on local census tracts and
- study - -
0-14 Infancy and childhood
complexity. The recommended tier for medium-to-high density
locations is described here.
NOTES ON GENDER/SEXUAL ORIENTATION:
15-24 Adolescence and early adulthood integer n/a n/a
Examples of official census representation of sexual orientation, regardless of physical gender: Count is exclusive. One person can only have one attribute.
25-64 Adulthood
The US does not ask sexual orientation in official census (U.S. Census Bureau).
See Appendix B: Age for full list of tiers.
65+ Late adulthood
The UK surveys sexual orientation in official Census (Office for National Statistics). Categories: Heterosexual/Straight, Gay/Lesbian, Bisexual, Other, Do not Know/Refuse
Denmark does not survey sexual orientation in official census (Danmarks Statistik)
Australia surveys sexual orientation in official census (Australian Bureau of Statistics). Categories: Heterosexual, Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual

END Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla Siggaard Andersen (Gehl)

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 20 of 38
 FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier.
Links files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Public Life Data Protocol
Unique identifier for each row of
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality,
Shouldand Seattle
be a natural DOTof integers, counting from 1.
sequence a. 1 Version: BETA / September 27 2017
• row_id
people surveyed.
Links simultaneous counts of
integer n/a The row_id is used to link together different attributes collected b. 2
about the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)
different components.
SPECIFICATION Indicates how many people were counted within the row.
Indicate the number of people

SURVEY COMPONENT: PERCEIVED AGE

If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.
assigned by the row_id.
• row_total This field is not an ID, but it integer n/a
If a group of people are counted together, the field value may be
any integer from 1-...
a. 1
b. 257
should be included with every
If all people are counted together, the field value is also equal to
survey.
the total number of people surveyed within a time span.

People who are perceived by

men
surveyors as men or boys.
The content of this table is based on several country census tracts.
People who are perceived by
women surveyors as women or girls. The survey count is exclusive; one person can only have one
attribute.
People who are perceived by integer n/a n/a
TABLE: “SURVEY_AGE”
surveyors as non-binary or whom Please note: Assuming gender based on observation is always
the surveyors do not feel approximate and inevitably results in cases of mis-gendering.
CONTENT:
unknown The table contains information
comfortable assuming theabout the observed and perceived age of people moving through
Consider or staying
supplementing in a with
this survey public space.survey in
an intercept
gender of. which individuals can self-report their gender identity.
REQUIRED: No. Infants and toddlers may fall in
this category.
OPTIONAL CATEGORIES: All categories should be included. Subcategories may substitute one or all main categories.
ATTRIBUTES/PERSON: A person can only be assigned one attribute, and no person may be assigned zero attributes.
NOTE: Studies are advised to support age observational data with intercept surveys to gain more nuanced age-related insights.
SURVEY_AGE
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier.
Links files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Unique identifier for each row of

Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. a. 1
• row_id
people surveyed.
Links simultaneous counts of
integer n/a The row_id is used to link together different attributes collected b. 2
about the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)
different components.

Indicates how many people were counted within the row.

Indicate the number of people
If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.
assigned by the row_id.
• row_total This field is not an ID, but it integer n/a
If a group of people are counted together, the field value may be
any integer from 1-...
a. 1
b. 257
should be included with every
If all people are counted together, the field value is also equal to
survey.
the total number of people surveyed within a time span.

minimum categories
Several tiers are available based on local census tracts and study
0-14 Infancy and childhood
complexity. The recommended tier for medium-to-high density
locations is described here.
15-24 Adolescence and early adulthood integer n/a n/a
Count is exclusive. One person can only have one attribute.
25-64 Adulthood
See Appendix B: Age for full list of tiers.
65+ Late adulthood

blue dot • = required field end.

grey text and box = unique identifier

Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality. PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT. Version: BETA / September 27 2017

SUBCATEGORIES
APPENDIX B FOR THE TABLE “SURVEY_AGE”
• AGE CATEGORIES
The age table has been created based on various country census tracts. More census tracts may be added for comparison in future versions.
• Perceived
The minimum, medium,
age of people movingand maximum
through tiers
or staying in have been identified to enable the broadest comparisons of data across the studied national boundaries.
a space.

• In most counts the "minimum" tier category can be used, but for specific locations (like a playground) a more detailed tier can be chosen.
In most studies, the “minimum” category can be used. The “medium” and “maximum” categories should only be used in unique locations (like a playground),
It is advised to support age observation data with intercept surveys.
or to meet a unique study purpose. The category levels can also be combined to create nuances within some, but not all, age groups.

CATEGORY REFERENCE COUNTRY CENSUS

TERM DESCRIPTION
MINIMUM MEDIUM MAXIMUM AU UK DK US 1 US 2 ARG
Will often be carried. May walk intermittently with heavy
0-4 0-4 Infants and Toddlers / Infancy
assistance.
0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4

Most walk on their own, but require some assistance. May

0-14 5-9 Preschoolers / Early Childhood 5-9 0-14 0-14 5-9 5-9
be in kindergarten or daycare.
5-14
Mandatory/primary school age in most countries. Most
10-14 General School / Preadolescence / Late Childhood
walk on their own without assistance.
10-14 5-17 10-14 10-14

End of mandatory school age. High school, college, or

15-17 Teens / Adolescense work age. Pre-voting, pre-drinking, and pre-driving age in 15-19 15-19
most countries.
15-24 15-24 15-24 15-24 15-24
Higher education age or beginning of work life in most
18-24 Early Adulthood / Young Adults
countries. Drinking and driving age in most countries.
20-24 18-24 20-24

25-34 Early Adulthood / Adulthood Early family life for some. 25-29 25-29
25-44 25-44 25-44 25-44 25-44
35-44 Adulthood Typically mid-career and settled with family. 30-44 30-44
25-64 45-54 Adults / Middle Age / Midlife Typically mid-career with children of school age. 45-54 45-54
44-64 Late-career. Children might have moved out or are 45-64 45-64 45-64 45-64
55-64 Mature Adulthood
enrolled in higher education.
55-64 45-64

65-74 65-74 Young Senior / Late Adulthood End of working life. May still be very active and agile. 65-74 65-74 65-79 65-74 65-74
65+ 65+
75+ 75+ Mature Senior / Long-lived Agility is diminished and walking might be assisted. 75+ 75+ 80+ 75+ 75+

end.
SOURCES:
Australia: Australian Bureau of Statistics
United Kingdom: Office for National Statistics
Denmark: Danmarks Statistik - note: the Traffic Department in Copenhagen surveys children under the age of 14.
United States: U.S. Census Bureau - note: the US surveys in five year brackets, of which not all are represented in the above table. The US also sometimes break at 18 or 21.
Argentina: Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Censos

END Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla Siggaard Andersen (Gehl)

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 21 of 38
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT Version: BETA / September 27 2017

SPECIFICATION

SURVEY COMPONENT: MOVING MODE

TABLE: “SURVEY_MODE”
CONTENT: The table contains information about the mode of transportation used by people moving through a public space. The table is intended to study soft modes of transportation.
REQUIRED: No.
LIMITS:
Founded byThe
Gehl table
Institutecannot
with Gehl,contain
City of Saninformation about people
Francisco, and Copenhagen who are stationary.
Municipality. PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT. Version: BETA / September 27 2017
OPTIONAL CATEGORIES: All categories are optional, but the chosen categories must be represented in their entireties, i.e. include all subcategories within the chosen main category.
ATTRIBUTES/PERSON: A person can only be assigned one attribute, but may be assigned zero attributes.
SURVEY_MODE
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier.
Links files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Unique identifier for each row of

Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. a. 1
• row_id
people surveyed.
Links simultaneous counts of
integer n/a The row_id is used to link together different attributes collected b. 2
about the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)
different components.

Indicates how many people were counted within the row.

Indicate the number of people
If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.
assigned by the row_id.
• row_total This field is not an ID, but it integer n/a
If a group of people are counted together, the field value may be
any integer from 1-...
a. 1
b. 257
should be included with every
If all people are counted together, the field value is also equal to
survey.
the total number of people surveyed within a time span.

Person walking or running.

suggested categories
Person using a wheelchair or
This count can only be applied to line locations, surveying people
other types of support.
moving.
pedestrian Person who is carried, e.g. in a
stroller or on someone's back.
Several tiers are available. The preferred tier for high density
Person rolling on a light integer n/a n/a
locations with a focus on pedestrians and bicyclists is described
conveyance, like a skateboard.
here.

People riding on any type of Counts are exclusive. One person can only have one attribute.
bicyclist bicycle, both chauffeur and
passenger.

blue dot • = required field end.

grey text and box = unique identifier
SURVEY_POSTURE
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• See
survey_id
Unique identifier.
additional categories and
Links files/tables
integer n/a
subcategories on the next page.
together.
manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Unique identifier for each row of

Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. a. 1
• row_id
people surveyed.
Links simultaneous counts of
integer n/a The row_id is used to link together different attributes collected b. 2
about the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)
different components.

Indicates how many people were counted within the row.

Indicate the number of people
If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.
assigned by the row_id.
• row_total This field is not an ID, but it integer n/a
If a group of people are counted together, the field value may be
any integer from 1-...
a. 1
b. 257
should be included with every
If all people are counted together, the field value is also equal to
survey.
the total number of people surveyed within a time span.

standing People standing or leaning.

People sitting on objects

sitting_formal designated for seating.
This count can only be applied to area locations, surveying people
staying.
People sitting on objects that are
not designated for seating, e.g.
sitting_informal on the ground or on the step of a
Counts are exclusive. One person can only have one attribute.
integer n/a n/a
stair.
Several tiers are available. The preferred tier for high density area
People lying down, either on the
lying ground or on any kind of object.
locations is presented here.

People who are staying within a

See Appendix D: Posture for full list of tiers.
space, but moving around thus
multiple inhabiting multiple bodily
positions.

SURVEY_ACTIVITY
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier.
Links files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Unique identifier for each row of

Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. a. 1
• row_id
people surveyed.
Links simultaneous counts of
integer n/a The row_id is used to link together different attributes collected b. 2
about the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)
different components.

Indicates how many people were counted within the row.

Indicate the number of people
If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.
assigned by the row_id.
• row_total This field is not an ID, but it integer n/a
If a group of people are counted together, the field value may be
any integer from 1-...
a. 1
b. 257
should be included with every
If all people are counted together, the field value is also equal to
survey.
the total number of people surveyed within a time span.

Commercial activity, both people

providing a commercial service
commercial and people purchasing or
showing interest in a commercial
service.

Consuming food and beverages,

consuming or preparing to consume food or
beverages. Several tiers are available. The preferred tier for medium density
area locations is presented here. If they survey focuses on people
conversing Conversing with one another. moving (line locations), other activities may be selected.
Cultural activities, both people integer n/a n/a
providing a cultural activity Counts are non-exclusive. One person can have several attributes.
cultural (performing) and people
participating in or observing a See Appendix E: Activity for full list of tiers.
cultural activity.

recreation_active Active recreation, play, exercise.

Waiting for transportation at ... continued

waiting_transfer designated waiting areas, both
public and private.

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 22 of 38
SURVEY_GROUP
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT Version: BETA / September 27 2017

SPECIFICATION
CATEGORIES FORwithTABLE:
Founded by Gehl Institute Gehl, City of “SURVEY_MODE”
San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality. PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT. Version: BETA / September 27 2017

APPENDIX C

MODE OF MOVING
ADDITIONAL
Ways people move CATEGORIES
through space. AND SUBCATEGORIES FOR MODE OF MOVING
• Counts
Themay comprisehave
categories just one or any
been number
created of categories,
based but must
on an analysis include
of the manyall ways
parentpeople
tiers within
movethat category.
through space, focusing on the softer modes (foot and bike).
Counts should typically measure pedestrians and bicyclists. Other categories should only be included with a specific study goal in mind or in a unique context.
• A public life study typically measures pedestrians and bicyclists. In low-density locations, these categories may be subdivided into their subcategories to collect a greater level of detail.
Counts focusing on pedestrians are advised to use the pedestrian sub category (if the site density permits), while counts focusing on bicycles are advised to use the sub category for bicycles.
The other listed categories should only be included in a unique study context or to meet a unique study purpose. A survey may also mix the different levels of categories.

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY ADVANCED CONTENT DESCRIPTION

strolling Pedestrian walking leisurely with intermittent stops.

average pace Pedestrian walking at an average human walking pace.

walking -
brisk Pedestrian walking briskly and determined without looking anywhere but ahead.
other Any other type of walking that does not fall in any other category.

jogging Pedestrian running at an average or leisurely pace.

sprinting Pedestrian running determined and at a pace that is too fast to notice the surroundings.
running -
skipping Pedestrian running with a skipping step.

other Any other type of running that does not fall in any other category.
rollator

walking cane

guide cane

long cane Pedestrian walking with light support, typically from an object or an animal, to overcome any type of perceived mobility impairment
lightly
cart or disability.

crutches
supported
guide dog

other

wheelchair_manual

wheelchair_electric Pedestrian moving with heavy support, typically from a wheelchair, to overcome any type of perceived mobility impairment or
heavily
wheelchair_pushed disability.
pedestrian
other

stroller

pram Pedestrian being moved by other people in objects on wheels who is not perceived to be subject to any mobility impairments or
wheels
cart disability. Typically children in strollers or prams.

other
carried arms

sling
Pedestrian being carried on the body of another person who is not perceived to be subject to any mobility impairment or disability.
body carrier
Typically children being held by their parents.
back
other

scooter

skateboard
manual rollerblades Pedestrian moving by an optional, light, manual vehicle with wheels.

heelies
rolling longboard

moped

skateboard
powered Pedestrian moving by an optional, light, powered vehicle with wheels.
uniwheel

segway
normal

shared
Bicyclist moving on an individual, manual bicycle that is privately owned or used in a private errand.
manual unicycle
If two people are riding on a bicycle intended for individual use, they are both counted in this category.
recumbent

other
private_individual
normal

shared
Bicyclist moving on an individual, powered bicycle that is privately owned or used in a private errand.
powered unicycle
If two people are riding on a bicycle intended for individual use, they are both counted in this category.
recumbent
other

cargo bike

tandem Bicyclist moving as a passenger on a bicycle intended to carry more than one person at a time in a private errand.
passenger If several people are passengers, all are counted within this category.
social/multiple seats Can be divided into manual or powered if necessary.
other
private_multiple
cargo bike
bicyclist
tandem Bicyclist moving as a chauffeur on a bicycle intended to carry more than one person at a time in a private errand.
chauffeur If no passenger is moving with the chauffeur, the chauffeur is still counted in this category.
social/multiple seats Can be divided into manual or powered if necessary.
other

normal Bicyclist moving on an individual, manual bicycle in a commercial errand, delivering either light loads (typically carried on the bike
manual
cargo rack), or heavy loads (typically carried in a special cargo box).

commercial_individual normal Bicyclist moving on an individual, powered bicycle in a commercial errand, delivering either light loads (typically carried on the bike
powered
cargo rack), or heavy loads (typically carried in a special cargo box).

pedicab
Bicyclist moving as a passenger on a bicycle intended to carry more than one person at a time in a commercial errand, recognised by
rickshaw the transaction of money or goods to be carried by the vehicle.
passenger
social/multiple seats If several people are passengers, all are counted within this category.
Can be divided into manual or powered if necessary.
other
commercial_multiple
pedicab
Bicyclist moving as a chauffeur on a bicycle intended to carry more than one person at a time in a commercial errand, recognised by
rickshaw the transaction of money or goods to take on a passenger.
chauffeur
social/multiple seats If no passenger is moving with the chauffeur, the chauffeur is still counted in this category.
Can be divided into manual or powered if necessary.
other
categories below this line should only be included in very specific contexts

horse ... continued

camel

riding - donkey Person who is being carried on the back of an animal.

elephant

other
(people moving by)
horse
animal
camel

donkey
carriage - Person who is being moved or carried by an animal, but who is not sitting on the animal's back.
elephant
dogs

other

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 23 of 38
 normal Bicyclist moving on an individual, manual bicycle in a commercial errand, delivering either light loads (typically carried on the bike
manual
cargo rack), or heavy loads (typically carried in a special cargo box).

commercial_individual normal Bicyclist moving on an individual, powered bicycle in a commercial errand, delivering either light loads (typically carried on the bike
powered
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality
cargo rack), or heavy loads (typically carried in a special cargo box). Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco,pedicab
Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT Version: BETA / September 27 2017
Bicyclist moving as a passenger on a bicycle intended to carry more than one person at a time in a commercial errand, recognised by
rickshaw the transaction of money or goods to be carried by the vehicle.
passenger
If several people are passengers, all are counted within this category.
SPECIFICATION social/multiple seats
Can be divided into manual or powered if necessary.
CATEGORIES FOR TABLE: “SURVEY_MODE”
commercial_multiple
other

pedicab
Bicyclist moving as a chauffeur on a bicycle intended to carry more than one person at a time in a commercial errand, recognised by
rickshaw the transaction of money or goods to take on a passenger.
chauffeur
social/multiple seats If no passenger is moving with the chauffeur, the chauffeur is still counted in this category.
... continued Can be divided into manual or powered if necessary.
other
categories below this line should only be included in very specific contexts

horse
camel
riding - donkey Person who is being carried on the back of an animal.

elephant
other
(people moving by)
horse
animal
camel

donkey
carriage - Person who is being moved or carried by an animal, but who is not sitting on the animal's back.
elephant
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality. PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
dogs
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT. Version: BETA / September 27 2017
other

skis

snowboard
manual - Person moving in snow using specific snow equipment.
(people moving in) sled
snow other
snowmobile
powered - Person moving in snow using powered snow equipment.
other

swimming

no_vessel - floating Person who is moving by human power within the water.
other

canoe

kayak

pedalo

manual gondola Person who is moving in a small vessel that can be moved using manpower.
row
surfboard

other
small_vessel
windsurf

kitesurf
wind Person who is moving in a small vessel that is primarily moved by the wind.
dinghy
other

scooter

powered jetskis Person who is moving in a small vessel that needs to be powered.
other

sailboat
wind Person who is moving in a medium-sized vessel that is primarily moved by the wind.
other
(people moving by)
motorboat
water
hovercraft
powered_private Person who is moving in a medium-sized vessel that is private and primarily moved by an outside power source like a motor.
yacht

other

medium_vessel cargo
tourism
Person who is moving in a medium-sized vessel that is powered and which has a commercial function, either by transporting people
powered_commercial taxi
for money or by working on the vessel.
fishing

other

bus
powered_public Person who is moved by a public transportation vessel that is seaborne.
other

ship
wind Person moving on a large wind-powered ship or other.
other

yacht
powered_private Person moving on a large privately owned motorised vessel.
other

large_vessel freight

powered_commercial tourism Person moving on a large motorised vessel with a primary commercial function.
other

ferry
powered_public Person moving on a large motorised vessel that is publicly owned, like a large public ferry.
other

motorcycle
light
automobile
private Person moving in heavy motorised vehicle. All people within the vehicle must be counted.
van
heavy
truck

taxi
(people moving in) light
commercial rideshare Person moving in a commercial vehicle, like a taxi. All people within the vehicle must be counted.
vehicles
heavy truck

bus
train
public - Person moving in a public vehicle, like a bus. All people within the vehicle must be counted.
monorail

lightrail

end.
END Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla Siggaard Andersen (Gehl)

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 24 of 38
 Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1
• survey_id
Unique identifier.
Links files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl,

Unique Cityforofeach
identifier San Francisco,
row of and Copenhagen Municipality Public Life Data Protocol
Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. a. 1
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT Version: BETA / September 27 2017
• row_id
people surveyed.
Links simultaneous counts of
integer n/a The row_id is used to link together different attributes collected b. 2
about the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)
different components.

SPECIFICATION Indicate the number of people

Indicates how many people were counted within the row.
If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.

SURVEY COMPONENT: POSTURE IN SPACE

assigned by the row_id.
• row_total This field is not an ID, but it integer n/a
If a group of people are counted together, the field value may be
any integer from 1-...
a. 1
b. 257
should be included with every
If all people are counted together, the field value is also equal to
survey.
the total number of people surveyed within a time span.

Person walking or running.

Person using a wheelchair or
This count can only be applied to line locations, surveying people
other types of support.
moving.
pedestrian Person who is carried, e.g. in a
stroller or on someone's back.
Several tiers are available. The preferred tier for high density
Person rolling on a light integer n/a n/a
locations with a focus on pedestrians and bicyclists is described
conveyance, like a skateboard.
TABLE: “SURVEY_POSTURE” here.

CONTENT: The table contains information

People riding about the physical posture of people staying in a spaceCounts
on any type of are exclusive.
at a specific One person
point can only have one attribute.
in time.
bicyclist bicycle, both chauffeur and
REQUIRED: No. passenger.

LIMITS: The table cannot contain information about people who are moving through a space.
OPTIONAL CATEGORIES: All categories must be included, but the choice to include subcategories for one or several categories is optional.
ATTRIBUTES/PERSON: A person can only be assigned one attribute, and no person may be assigned zero attributes.
SURVEY_POSTURE
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier.
Links files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Unique identifier for each row of

Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. a. 1
• row_id
people surveyed.
Links simultaneous counts of
integer n/a The row_id is used to link together different attributes collected b. 2
about the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)
different components.

Indicates how many people were counted within the row.

Indicate the number of people
If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.
assigned by the row_id.
• row_total This field is not an ID, but it integer n/a
If a group of people are counted together, the field value may be
any integer from 1-...
a. 1
b. 257
should be included with every
If all people are counted together, the field value is also equal to
survey.
the total number of people surveyed within a time span.

standing People standing or leaning.

People sitting on objects

minimum categories
sitting_formal This count can only be applied to area locations, surveying people
designated for seating.
staying.
People sitting on objects that are
not designated for seating, e.g.
sitting_informal on the ground or on the step of a
Counts are exclusive. One person can only have one attribute.
integer n/a n/a
stair.
Several tiers are available. The preferred tier for high density area
People lying down, either on the
lying ground or on any kind of object.
locations is presented here.

People who are staying within a

See Appendix D: Posture for full list of tiers.
space, but moving around thus
multiple inhabiting multiple bodily
positions.

blue dot • = required field end.

grey text and box = unique identifier
SURVEY_ACTIVITY
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier.
Links files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Unique identifier for each row of

See subcategories on the next page. Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. a. 1
• row_id
people surveyed.
Links simultaneous counts of
integer n/a The row_id is used to link together different attributes collected b. 2
about the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)
different components.

Indicates how many people were counted within the row.

Indicate the number of people
If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.
assigned by the row_id.
• row_total This field is not an ID, but it integer n/a
If a group of people are counted together, the field value may be
any integer from 1-...
a. 1
b. 257
should be included with every
If all people are counted together, the field value is also equal to
survey.
the total number of people surveyed within a time span.

Commercial activity, both people

providing a commercial service
commercial and people purchasing or
showing interest in a commercial
service.

Consuming food and beverages,

consuming or preparing to consume food or
beverages. Several tiers are available. The preferred tier for medium density
area locations is presented here. If they survey focuses on people
conversing Conversing with one another. moving (line locations), other activities may be selected.
Cultural activities, both people integer n/a n/a
providing a cultural activity Counts are non-exclusive. One person can have several attributes.
cultural (performing) and people
participating in or observing a See Appendix E: Activity for full list of tiers.
cultural activity.

recreation_active Active recreation, play, exercise.

Waiting for transportation at

waiting_transfer designated waiting areas, both
public and private.

SURVEY_GROUP
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier.
Links files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Unique identifier for each row of

Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. a. 1
• row_id
people surveyed.
Links simultaneous counts of
integer n/a The row_id is used to link together different attributes collected b. 2
about the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)
different components.

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 25 of 38
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT Version: BETA / September 27 2017

SPECIFICATION
CATEGORIES FOR TABLE: “SURVEY_POSTURE”

Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality. PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT. Version: BETA / September 27 2017

APPENDIX
FULL LISTDOF CATEGORIES AND SUBCATEGORIES FOR POSTURE IN SPACE
POSTURE
• The categoriesOF STAYING
have been created by studying the ways people inhabit a physical space.
• WaysThe
people inhabitbetween
hierarchy a physicalsubcategories
space. Counts must include
and the all categories
advanced and will
category (if broken into subcategories)
be revised must
for Version 1.0. In always respectthe
this version, parent
typecategories.
of ownership takes precedence over whether a seat is movable or
Counts are advised to use the sub category level of detail, subdividing sitting_formal into commercial, private, or public, if the context of the study permits.
fixed for the category “sitting_formal”. Some studies may choose to subdivide the category “sitting_formal_public” into its advanced level (fixed/movable) to also caputure this information.
The "content" column is used to describe the category, while the column "advanced" proposes a very nuanced subdivision of the categories. This tier should only be used with a specific study goal in mind.
• A survey may comprise components from all three level of categories to gain more detailed information within certain categories while leaving others more generic.

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY ADVANCED CONTENT DESCRIPTION

simple - Standing freely in space.

lightpole

standing - wall
leaning Standing while leaning against an object or building, typically in a leisurely way.
car

other
bar

cafe
Sitting on furniture that is owned by a commercial establishment. Sitting is typically accepted after a purchase of goods or food, or
commercial - restaurant
with the intent of purchasing goods or food.
shop
other
bench
Sitting on furniture intended for seating, but which is privately owned, where the right to sit cannot be purchased by an exchange of
residential chair goods or money. This can be a chair or a bench in someone's front garden, or furniture that people have brought themselves into
public space and which they will take with them upon leaving the public space.
other

chair
office bench Sitting on furniture owned by a company or business, where you have to work at or be a guest with the company to use the seating.
private
other
stroller

wheelchair
sitting_formal support Sitting on objects intended for sitting on, which provide heavy support, like a stroller or a wheelchair.
walker

other
bench
wall with seats

planter with seats

Sitting on an object intended as seating which is fixed, provided for the general public. This will typically be a designated bench, but
fixed step with seat
can also take the shape of other objects which have seating built into them.
single seat
public picnic table
other
seat

planter Sitting on a movable object intended as seating, provided for the general public. This will typically be a movable chair, but can also be
movable
picnic a light picnic table or a planter with clear seating built into it.

other
grass
sand
ground Sitting in places not primarily designed for seating, like on the ground.
street

other
planter
table
sitting_informal - object Sitting on objects not designed for seating. Could be a planter without a sitting edge, a sculpture, or other.
sculpture

other
step

wall Sitting on a piece of architecture that has not been designed for people to sit on, like the steps in front of a building, a small ledge, or
architecture
curb other.

other
grass

sand
ground Lying down on the ground, most of the surface of the body in contact with the ground.
street
other
lying -
bench

recliner Lying down on a piece of furniture, most of the surface of the body in contact with the furniture. Applies whether the furniture was
furniture
hammock intended for seating or not.

other

walking dog
In multiple postures, due to a light amount of physical activity that makes the person moving within the space where they are staying.
light gardening This will never account for people that are simply passing through a space, but will include a person walking a dog in circles within
the same space.
other
multiple -
exercising
In multiple postures, due to a heavy amount of physical activity that makes the person moving within the space where they are
heavy playing staying. This will never account for people that are simply passing through a space, but will include a runner who is, for example,
circling a fountain within a square.
other

end.
Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla Siggaard Andersen (Gehl)
END

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 26 of 38
 FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier.
Links files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality
Unique identifier for each row of
Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Shouldand
Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, be a natural
Seattle sequence
DOTof integers, counting from 1. a. 1 Version: BETA / September 27 2017
• row_id
people surveyed.
Links simultaneous counts of
integer n/a The row_id is used to link together different attributes collected b. 2
about the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)
different components.

SPECIFICATION Indicates how many people were counted within the row.
Indicate the number of people
If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.

SURVEY COMPONENT: ACTIVITY ENGAGEMENT

assigned by the row_id.
• row_total This field is not an ID, but it integer n/a
If a group of people are counted together, the field value may be
any integer from 1-...
a. 1
b. 257
should be included with every
If all people are counted together, the field value is also equal to
survey.
the total number of people surveyed within a time span.

standing People standing or leaning.

People sitting on objects

sitting_formal This count can only be applied to area locations, surveying people
designated for seating.
staying.
People sitting on objects that are
not designated for seating, e.g.
sitting_informal on the ground or on the step of a
Counts are exclusive. One person can only have one attribute.
integer n/a n/a
stair.
TABLE: “SURVEY_ACTIVITIES”
People lying down, either on the
Several tiers are available. The preferred tier for high density area
lying locations is presented here.
ground or on any kind of object.
CONTENT: The table contains information about the activities undertaken by people moving through or staying in a public space.
People who are staying within a
See Appendix D: Posture for full list of tiers.
REQUIRED: No. space, but moving around thus
multiple inhabiting multiple bodily
OPTIONAL CATEGORIES:positions.
All categories, including subcategories, are optional. It is advised to survey all subcategories within a main category to enable aggregation of the data at its highest level,
but due to the complexity of activities in public space, this is not a requirement. The categories listed in the table are recommended as a baseline choice.
ATTRIBUTES/PERSON: A person can be assigned zero or multiple attributes.
SURVEY_ACTIVITY
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier.
Links files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Unique identifier for each row of

Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. a. 1
• row_id
people surveyed.
Links simultaneous counts of
integer n/a The row_id is used to link together different attributes collected b. 2
about the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)
different components.

Indicates how many people were counted within the row.

Indicate the number of people
If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.
assigned by the row_id.
• row_total This field is not an ID, but it integer n/a
If a group of people are counted together, the field value may be
any integer from 1-...
a. 1
b. 257
should be included with every
If all people are counted together, the field value is also equal to
survey.
the total number of people surveyed within a time span.

Commercial activity, both people

providing a commercial service
commercial and people purchasing or
showing interest in a commercial
service.

preferred baseline categories

Consuming food and beverages,
consuming or preparing to consume food or
beverages. Several tiers are available. The preferred tier for medium density
area locations is presented here. If they survey focuses on people
conversing Conversing with one another. moving (line locations), other activities may be selected.
Cultural activities, both people integer n/a n/a
providing a cultural activity Counts are non-exclusive. One person can have several attributes.
cultural (performing) and people
participating in or observing a See Appendix E: Activity for full list of tiers.
cultural activity.

recreation_active Active recreation, play, exercise.

Waiting for transportation at

waiting_transfer designated waiting areas, both
public and private.

blue dot • = required field end.

SURVEY_GROUP
grey text and box = unique identifier

FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier.
Links files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Unique identifier for each row of

See additional categories and subcategories on the next page. Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. a. 1
• row_id
people surveyed.
integer
Links simultaneous counts of
n/a The row_id is used to link together different attributes collected b. 2
about the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)
different components.

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 27 of 38
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT Version: BETA / September 27 2017

SPECIFICATION
CATEGORIES FOR TABLE: “SURVEY_ACTIVITIES”
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality.
PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT.
Version: BETA / September 27 2017

APPENDIX E

ACTIVITY IN PUBLIC SPACE

ADDITIONAL CATEGORIES AND SUBCATEGORIES FOR ACTIVITIES
Things people do in public space. Counts are advised to include all main categories, but may choose to substitute a main category to include additional subcategories.
• The categories have been created by studying the activities people engage with in public space, and grouping them by character.
Activities are typically measured for people staying, but can also be applied to people in movement. In this case, the study may choose to substitute the advised categories.
• The "sub
A study may choose
category" column to substitute
suggests orbreak
how to add categories
out the dataand
for subcategories
a more detailed to fit awhile
study, unique
thecontext.
"content"All categories
column is usedshould bethe
to define carefully
contentselected. Studies are not advised to include all categories
of the category.
A count maysurvey.
in one add its own sub category, provided all other activities within that parent category are also counted. Additional categories should only be added to suit a specific study goal.
A count may add their own parent category, provided their unique study goal is not comprised by this list. In such a case, the study agency is advised to request a formal protocol edit.
• Activities that are especially sensitive to the surveyor’s interpretation and to specific contexts are marked with an asterisk *. These may also be considered ‘negative’ or ‘problematic’ in
certain contexts. Studies are always advised to focus first on activities that may be considered ‘positive’ or ‘neutral’ within the context of the study.
• A study may add its own category or subcategory if a unique activity is not captured by the defined list. In this case, the study agency is advised to request a formal Protocol edit.
ACTIVITIES - IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER - "sensitive" activities are marked with an asterisk

CATEGORY SUBCATEGORY ADVANCED/CONTENT DESCRIPTION

formal Selling food or goods in an established/legal (formal) setting or in a self-constructed/illegal (informal) setting.
providing/selling Person doing backend activities related to commercial activities, like a waiter busting tables, a person loading commercial goods, or a person
informal setting up a commercial stall.

commercial
buying In the process of buying foods and goods. Both the person performing a transaction, and the people queuing are counted as buyers.
A person who is participating in a commercial situation, without being either a provider or a buyer/shopper in the moment of the survey, is
participating
counted as participating by being an observer. This could be a person browsing the produce at a market stall, but who has not yet committed
observing to making a purchase, either by an exchange of money or by queuing up to making a transaction of money.

eating

drinking
Engaged with consuming food or drinks, either by being in the process of preparing for consumption, being mid-consumption, or post-
consuming - cooking (private) consumption. A person who is cooking food in public for private consumption is counted in this category, while a person cooking food in
public to sell is counted in the commercial activity category.
picnicking

other

whispering
Conversing with another person at any tone of voice.
talking
conversing - A person talking on a cell phone should be registered in "electronic_engagement".
shouting A person talking to a group, like a preacher, should be registered in "cultural_performing".
A person shouting abusively at another person or at no one in particular should be registered in "abusive_behaviour"
other

artistic Performing or providing a cultural activity of either artistic, communal, political, or religious character.
A person who is assisting a cultural performance, like a stage manager, is also counted in this category.
communal
An artistic activity could be the creation of a painting, or a musical performance.
providing/performing political
A communal activity could be to provide an outdoor library function, or a public movie screening.
religious A political activity could be organising or leading a rally, or encouraging a demonstration. In some contexts, a sanctioned charity solicitor is
also counted in this category.
other A religious activity could be reading from a testament or reciting a prayer.
cultural
artistic Participating in or observing a cultural activity of either artistic, communcal, political, or religious character.
communal
An artistic activity could be listening to a street mucisian, or having one's portrait painted by an artist in public.
participating/observing political A communal activity could be enjoying the screening of an outdoor movie, or participating in a street event.
A political activity could be taking part in a demonstration. In some contexts, a person engaging with a sanctioned charity solicitor is also
religious
counted in this category.
other A religous activity could be listening to a preacher.

verbal
Displaying abusive behaviour towards another person or to no one in particular. The behaviour can be verbal, physical, or other.
aggressive physical
The behaviour must be assessed as abusive or highly uncomfortable within the context of the survey location.
other
disruptive*
alcohol
Visibly ingesting alcohol or drugs in an unsanctioned context, depending on the survey location.
intoxicated drugs
Showing clear signs of uncontrolled intoxication such as slurred speech, unfocused eyes, aggressiveness, etc.
other

listening (earphones)

conversing Engaging with technology, electronics, and digital gadgets in an introvert fashion, e.g. listening to audio via headphones, conversing on a
phone, or reading/writing/playing/working on a computer. Any digital gadget may be included in this category, including but not limited to
introverted reading/writing/playing
watches, phones, tablets, and laptops.
charging device A person charging a device is also counted in this category.

electronic_engagement other
playing audio (speakers)

photographing Engaging with technology, electronics, and digital gadgets in an extrovert fashion, e.g. listening to audio via speakers, photographing the
extroverted
interacting with surroundings surroundings, or interacting with screens in the public realm.

other
urinating/defecating
Engaged in otherwise private sanitary activities within the public realm. Could be urinating or showering in full or partial visibility of others, in
sanitising washing/showering areas that are not designated for these types of activities. This category covers any kind of informal behaviour related to sanitary purposes
that do not typically take place in public. A person cleaning up after a dog is not counted in this category.
other
living_public*
Encamping, lying, or sleeping in an undesignated camping/sleeping location, like on the street or in a square. This type of activity is typically
encamping -
associated with homelessness, and can be recognised by the accompaniment of most personal belongings.

formal Exercising in designated (formal) sports areas, using designated (formal) public sporting equipment, like fixed basketball net.
exercising
informal Exercising outside of designated (informal) sports areas, using privately-owned equipment, like a jump rope, or no equipment at all.
recreation_active
formal Playing in a designated (formal) play area, or with designated (formal) public play equipment.
playing
informal Playing outside of a designated (informal) play area, or playing with privately-owned play equipment. Also a person playing with a dog.
people/activities

landmarks/buildings
observing Actively or intentionally observing other people, activities, landmarks, buildings, nature, landscape, or other.
nature/landscapes

other

cards

board
playing Playing passive, analogue, stationary games, like a board or card game.
coins

other

kissing

affectionate hugging Showing physical affection towards another person.

other
newspaper Reading the physical newspaper.

book Reading a physical book.

reading/writing
recreation_passive notebook Writing in a physical notebook.

other -
drawing
painting Engaging in a creative activity for personal use or purpose, like creating a drawing or painting, or playing music for one's personal enjoyment.
creating
playing music (not performing) A person being creative with a commercial intention should be registered in the activity category "cultural".
other

sleeping
Sleeping, relaxing, or simply hanging out for recreational purposes and in areas designated for resting like a beach, park, or street bench.
relaxing
resting A person sleeping or relaxing in public may also be registered in the category "living_public", depending on the character of the location and
hanging out
the context of the survey count.
other

cigarette

... continued
Smoking any type of object or substance, whether legal or illegal. Only people visibly smoking should be registered in this category. Some
surveys may also categorise people smoking in the activity "abusive_substance" if the person smoking is also influenced by the smoked
smoking* - substance to a degree that may cause other people inconvenience or discomfort.
Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
In some contexts, "smoking" may be considered an activity within the category "recreation_passive".
Page 28 of 38
 other

newspaper Reading the physical newspaper.

book Reading a physical book.

reading/writing
recreation_passive notebook Writing in a physical notebook.
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen
other Municipality - Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT Version: BETA / September 27 2017
drawing

painting Engaging in a creative activity for personal use or purpose, like creating a drawing or painting, or playing music for one's personal enjoyment.
creating
SPECIFICATION playing music (not performing) A person being creative with a commercial intention should be registered in the activity category "cultural".

CATEGORIES FOR TABLE: “SURVEY_ACTIVITIES”

other

sleeping
Sleeping, relaxing, or simply hanging out for recreational purposes and in areas designated for resting like a beach, park, or street bench.
relaxing
resting A person sleeping or relaxing in public may also be registered in the category "living_public", depending on the character of the location and
... continued
Founded
hanging out
by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality. the context of the survey count.
other PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT.
Version: BETA / September 27 2017
cigarette

e-cigarette Smoking any type of object or substance, whether legal or illegal. Only people visibly smoking should be registered in this category. Some
cigar surveys may also categorise people smoking in the activity "abusive_substance" if the person smoking is also influenced by the smoked
smoking* - substance to a degree that may cause other people inconvenience or discomfort.
pipe
shisha In some contexts, "smoking" may be considered an activity within the category "recreation_passive".

other
money

food

begging substance Requesting the donation of money, food, substances, or goods without the offer of a return transaction.
goods

other

Approaching people to request information, money, or goods, in exchange for information, membership, or other. Solicitors can typically be
recognised by their uniform or by bearing logos representing their cause.
soliciting* providing
This type of activity can also fall in the category "cultural_providing" as a political activity, if the soliciting is sanctioned within the context of
the study.
campaigning
Engaging with people that request information, money, or goods, in exchange for information, membership, or other.
participating This type of activity can also fall in the category "cultural_participating" as a political activity, if the soliciting is sanctioned within the context
of the study.

providing/performing Requesting money or goods in exchange for services of a sexual nature.

sex work
participating/buying Buying, or inquiring to buy, sexual services in exchange for money or goods.

bus_regional
bus_BRT

bus_local

bus_water

public train_intercity Waiting for a public transportation alternative, typically at designated waiting zones, by stop signs/indicators, or at stations.
train_tram

train_subway

waiting_transfer ferry
other

car
Waiting for a private transportation alternative, typically only recognized if the person is standing at a designated drop-off/pick-up zone that
private ferry/boat
has been assigned to private drop-off/pick-up.
other

car
Waiting for a commercially run transportation service, like a taxi or rideshare scheme. These activities are typically only recognized if the
commercial ferry/boat
person is standing in a designated taxi/ride-share zone.
other
intersection

interrupted midblock Waiting for traffic or at a red light, midblock, or other, in order to continue a journey through the space.
other
waiting_other
reading map
Waiting to find a route or destination, typically recognised by being engaged with reading a physical or digital map, or by looking at a
wayfinding reading screen directory.
People reading a map on a digital device, may also be registered in the category "electronic_engagement".
other

maintenance
Working to upkeep or take care of the public spaces.
stewardship
Civic maintenance could be fixing potholes, stewarding could be sweeping the street, security/policing could be directing traffic, and service
working_civic - security/policing could be helping others directions.
service
People tending their front gardens may also be registered in this category.
other

end.
END Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla Siggaard Andersen (Gehl)

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 29 of 38
 If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.
assigned by the row_id.
• row_total This field is not an ID, but it integer n/a
If a group of people are counted together, the field value may be
any integer from 1-...
a. 1
b. 257
should be included with every
If all people are counted together, the field value is also equal to
survey.
the total number of people surveyed within a time span.

Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality
Commercial activity, both people
Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by GehlaInstitute
providing commercial with
serviceGehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT Version: BETA / September 27 2017
commercial and people purchasing or
showing interest in a commercial

SPECIFICATION service.

SURVEY COMPONENT: SIZE OF GROUPS

Consuming food and beverages,
consuming or preparing to consume food or
beverages. Several tiers are available. The preferred tier for medium density
area locations is presented here. If they survey focuses on people
conversing Conversing with one another. moving (line locations), other activities may be selected.
Cultural activities, both people integer n/a n/a
providing a cultural activity Counts are non-exclusive. One person can have several attributes.
cultural (performing) and people
participating in or observing a See Appendix E: Activity for full list of tiers.
cultural activity.

recreation_active Active recreation, play, exercise.

TABLE: “SURVEY_GROUPS”
Waiting for transportation at
CONTENT: The table contains
waiting_transfer information
designated waiting areas, about
both the size of groups moving through or staying in a public space.
public and private.
REQUIRED: No.
OPTIONAL CATEGORIES: All categories are optional.
ATTRIBUTES/PERSON: A person can be assigned zero or one attribute.
SURVEY_GROUP
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality. PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
FIELD NAME and refined by Gehl
Tested, iterated, FIELD DESCRIPTION
Institute DATA TYPE
with Gehl, City of San Francisco, CONTENT
Copenhagen Municipality, STRUCTURE
and Seattle DOT. RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE Version: BETA / September 27 2017

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier.
Links files/tables
Indicate together.
the number of people
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric.
Indicates how many people were counted within the row.
b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)
If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.
assigned by the row_id.
• row_total This field
Unique is not anfor
identifier ID,each
but row
it of integer n/a
If a group of people are counted together, the field value may be
Should be afrom
any integer natural
1-...sequence of integers, counting from 1.
a. 1
a.
b. 1257
• row_id
should
people be
survey.
included with every
surveyed.
Links simultaneous counts of
integer n/a The
If all row_id
people is used
are to linktogether,
counted togetherthe
different attributes
field value is alsocollected
equal to b. 2
about
the totalthenumber
same person/group of people.
of people surveyed within a time span. c. (computer-generated ID)
different components.
Indicate people that appear to be familiar with one another or who
1 Single are clearly socializing with one another in the respective group
category.

If the count is paired with any other type of count that captures

all categories
2 Pair the total volume of people, the category "single" can be omitted,
assuming that the difference between the amount of people
integer n/a captured in one of the group categories and the total amount of n/a
people present in the space equals the amount of people who are
3-7 Smaller Group in the space on their own.

Everyone within a group should be registered in the correct group

field.
8+ Crowd
Counts are exclusive. One person can only have one attribute.

blue dot • = required field end.

SURVEY_OBJECT
grey text and box = unique identifier

FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier.
Links files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Unique identifier for each row of

Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. a. 1
• NOTES
row_id
people surveyed.
Links simultaneous counts of
integer n/a The row_id is used to link together different attributes collected b. 2
about the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)
• The group table hasdifferent
been created
components. by identifying sizes of clusters that impact people’s experience and use of space.
Indicates how many people were counted within the row.
• Studies may chooseIndicate
to survey the exact
the number of peoplenumber of people, or to aggregate or subdivide the proposed categories.
If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.
assigned by the row_id.
• • No further guidelines
row_total Thisexist
field isat
notthis point.
an ID, but it integer n/a
If a group of people are counted together, the field value may be
any integer from 1-...
a. 1
b. 257
should be included with every
If all people are counted together, the field value is also equal to
survey.
the total number of people surveyed within a time span.

Several options are available. A study should only include an

object count with a specific intention in mind, e.g. studying how
many people walk their dogs, stay in spaces with stroller, or carry
bicycle helmets while cycling.
animal_dog A person accompanied by a dog. integer n/a n/a

Count is not exclusive. One person can have multiple attributes.

See Appendix F: Object for full list of options.

SURVEY_GEOTAG
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier. Used to link
files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. (or any other computer-generated ID)

Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. The a. 1

• row_id
Unique identifier for each row of
people surveyed.
integer n/a row_id is used to link together different attributes collected about b. 2
the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)

Indicates how many people were counted within the row. If each
person is counted separately, the field value will be 1. If a group of
• row_total
Indicate the number of people
assigned by the row_id.
integer n/a people are counted together, the field value may be any integer. If
a. 1
b. 257
all people are counted together, the field value also equal the total
number of people counted.

Must be JSON, cannot be KML or Shapefile. Use for example open

Point that describes the exact source www.geojson.io, or other free open tools. Use
Geography component of the a. {"geometry": { "type": "Point","coordinates": [[-
unique_position count location of a person in JSON
GeoJSON specification.
WSG84/CRS4326.
73.98920238018036, 40.74316432553873], ]}
space.
Count is exclusive. One person can only have one attribute.

END Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla Siggaard Andersen (Gehl)

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 30 of 38
 Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality. PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Public Life Data Protocol
Version: BETA / September 27 2017
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT.
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT Version: BETA / September 27 2017

Indicates how many people were counted within the row.

Indicate the number of people
SPECIFICATION assigned by the row_id.
If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.

• row_total This field is not an ID, but it integer n/a

If a group of people are counted together, the field value may be a. 1

SURVEY COMPONENT: CARRIED OBJECTS & ANIMALS

any integer from 1-... b. 257
should be included with every
If all people are counted together, the field value is also equal to
survey.
the total number of people surveyed within a time span.

Indicate people that appear to be familiar with one another or who

1 Single are clearly socializing with one another in the respective group
category.

If the count is paired with any other type of count that captures
2 Pair the total volume of people, the category "single" can be omitted,
assuming that the difference between the amount of people
integer n/a captured in one of the group categories and the total amount of n/a
people present in the space equals the amount of people who are
TABLE:
3-7 “SURVEY_OBJECTS”
Smaller Group in the space on their own.

CONTENT: The table contains information about the types of objects and animals that people carry whilewithin
Everyone moving
a groupthrough or staying
should be registered in thein a public
correct group space. Objects that have been left by people
field.
(like
8+ a bicycle in a bicycleCrowd
stand) should not be counted in this category as these types of observations belong to a public space survey.
Counts are exclusive. One person can only have one attribute.
REQUIRED: No.
OPTIONAL CATEGORIES: All categories are optional.
ATTRIBUTES/PERSON: A person can be assigned zero or multiple attributes.
SURVEY_OBJECT
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier.
Links files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)

Unique identifier for each row of

Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. a. 1
• row_id
people surveyed.
Links simultaneous counts of
integer n/a The row_id is used to link together different attributes collected b. 2
about the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)
different components.

Indicates how many people were counted within the row.

Indicate the number of people
If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.
assigned by the row_id.
• row_total This field is not an ID, but it integer n/a
If a group of people are counted together, the field value may be
any integer from 1-...
a. 1
b. 257
should be included with every
If all people are counted together, the field value is also equal to
survey.
the total number of people surveyed within a time span.

suggested category
Several options are available. A study should only include an
object count with a specific intention in mind, e.g. studying how
many people walk their dogs, stay in spaces with stroller, or carry
bicycle helmets while cycling.
animal_dog A person accompanied by a dog. integer n/a n/a

Count is not exclusive. One person can have multiple attributes.

See Appendix F: Object for full list of options.

blue dot • = required field end.

SURVEY_GEOTAG
grey text and box = unique identifier

FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier. Used to link
files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. (or any other computer-generated ID)

Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. The a. 1

• See additional categories
row_id and
Unique identifier
people surveyed.
for subcategories
each row of
integer on the next page.
n/a row_id is used to link together different attributes collected about b. 2
the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)

Indicates how many people were counted within the row. If each
person is counted separately, the field value will be 1. If a group of
• row_total
Indicate the number of people
assigned by the row_id.
integer n/a people are counted together, the field value may be any integer. If
a. 1
b. 257
all people are counted together, the field value also equal the total
number of people counted.

Must be JSON, cannot be KML or Shapefile. Use for example open

Point that describes the exact source www.geojson.io, or other free open tools. Use
Geography component of the a. {"geometry": { "type": "Point","coordinates": [[-
unique_position count location of a person in JSON
GeoJSON specification.
WSG84/CRS4326.
73.98920238018036, 40.74316432553873], ]}
space.
Count is exclusive. One person can only have one attribute.

END Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla Siggaard Andersen (Gehl)

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 31 of 38
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT Version: BETA / September 27 2017

SPECIFICATION
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality. PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT. Version: BETA / September 27 2017
CATEGORIES FOR TABLE: “SURVEY_OBJECTS”

APPENDIX F

CARRIED OBJECTS/USED BY PEOPLE

Things people carry in public space. Counts may include any number of objects and may choose to disregard parent categories.
SUGGESTED CATEGORIES
Objects that have been left by people, AND
such asSUBCATEGORIES FOR
a bicycle in a bicycle stand, OBJECTS
should AND
not be counted ANIMALS
in this category. These types of observations should be carried out along with a public space survey.

• This The
list islist
only suggestive.
has Objects
been created by carried should
studying alwaysofbeobjects
the types specificor
toanimals
the study andmay
that should
be only be included
indicative of an with a specific
errand, study
function, orquestion
need ofina mind.
person moving through or staying in a public space.
Some objects should only be registered when people use them in a stationary context, while other objects may only be counted if they are in use, e.g. a cyclist wearing a helmet.
• New objects or animals may be added to befit a unique study context or question. If objects are added to the list, the study agency is advised to request a formal Protocol edit. The list
If a count adds objects to the list, the study agency is advised to request a formal protocol edit. This list must never contain duplicates.
must never contain duplicates, but it does not have to be exhaustive.

CATEGORY CONTENT

Dog
Service Dog
Animal
Bird
Both on a leash and without.
Goat
Other
Rolling Suitcase
School Bag
Briefcase
Bag/Belongings Grocery Bag
Carried by a person. Baggage which is left behind or unattended is not counted. Shopping Bag
Gym Bag
Restaurant Take-Out
Other
Niqab
Kippah
Burqa
Temple Robes
Tichel
Clothing_Cultural Symbols
Frock Coat
Worn or carried by a person.
Hijab
Crucifix
Headscarf
Turban
Other
Laboratory Coat (scrubs)
Jacket Suit
Clothing_Activity Symbols
Bathing Suit
Worn or carried by a person.
Bridal Wear
Other
Private Goods
Goods Commercial Goods
Person carrying or delivering goods, typically people moving house or people delivering to a private or Private Foods
commercial establishment. Commercial Foods
Other
Ladder
Equipment_Construction
Timber
Person carrying equipment that is perceived to be for the use in a construction project, private or
Steelwork
commercial.
Other
Musical Instrument
Equipment_Recreational Gardening Equipment
Person carrying equipment that is perceived to be for recreational use. Beach Towel
Other
Yoga Mat
Ball
Equipment_Sport/Play Sled
Person carrying equipment that is perceived to be for use when exercising or playing. Hoop
Slack Line
Other
Bike Helmet
Protection_Safety Construction Helmet
A person carrying a bicycle helmet in their hand or while not riding a bike should generally not be counted. Gas Mask
The same applies for people's use of other types of safety equipment. Air Filter
Other
Umbrella
Protection_Weather Snow Shovel
Person carrying an object that is intended to protect them or others from weather-related discomfort. Parasol
Other
Stool
Furniture
Chair
Carried, not used. Objects of furniture which are carried for the purpose of use before or after the
Folding Table
observation has been made. Can be people bringing a chair into a park.
Other
Non-motorised Scooter
Transportation_Carried Skateboard
If the transportaton aid is being used, the "object" becomes a mode of transport and should be counted in Rollerblades
the "mode" category of a moving people survey. Bicycle
Other
Wheelchair
Transportation_Stationary Walker
If the transportaton aid is used in movement, the "object" becomes a mode of transport and should be Stroller
counted in the "mode" category of a moving people survey. Shopping Cart
Other

This list is non-exhaustive. Listed items are suggestive.

end.

END Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla Siggaard Andersen (Gehl)

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 32 of 38
 SURVEY_OBJECT
FIELD
Founded byNAME FIELD
Gehl Institute with DESCRIPTION
Gehl, DATA TYPE
City of San Francisco, CONTENT STRUCTURE
and Copenhagen Municipality RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality,
Can beand Seattle
generated DOT
by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1 Version: BETA / September 27 2017
• survey_id
Unique identifier.
Links files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. c. (computer-generated ID)
SPECIFICATION Unique identifier for each row of
Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. a. 1
•
SURVEY COMPONENT: STATIONARY GEOTAG
people surveyed.
row_id Links simultaneous counts of
integer n/a The row_id is used to link together different attributes collected b. 2
about the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)
different components.

Indicates how many people were counted within the row.

Indicate the number of people
If each person is counted separately, the field value will be 1.
assigned by the row_id.
• row_total This field is not an ID, but it integer n/a
If a group of people are counted together, the field value may be
any integer from 1-...
a. 1
b. 257
should be included with every
If all people are counted together, the field value is also equal to
survey.
the total number of people surveyed within a time span.

Several options are available. A study should only include an

object count with a specific intention in mind, e.g. studying how
TABLE: “SURVEY_GEOTAG” many people walk their dogs, stay in spaces with stroller, or carry
bicycle helmets while cycling.
animal_dog The table contains
CONTENT: A person accompanied by a dog. integer n/a
information about the exact location of people staying in a public space. n/a

Count is not exclusive. One person can have multiple attributes.

REQUIRED: No.
See Appendix F: Object for full list of options.
LIMITS: The table cannot contain information about people who are moving through a space.
OPTIONAL CATEGORIES: The table only contains one category.
ATTRIBUTES/PERSON: A person can only be assigned one attribute, and no person may be assigned zero attributes.
SURVEY_GEOTAG
FIELD NAME FIELD DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE CONTENT STRUCTURE RECOMMENDATIONS EXAMPLE

Can be generated by computer/database, but can also be made a. 1

• survey_id
Unique identifier. Used to link
files/tables together.
integer n/a manually. The ID is either numeric or alphanumeric. b. Saturday_08
The ID must be unique within the database. (or any other computer-generated ID)

Should be a natural sequence of integers, counting from 1. The a. 1

• row_id
Unique identifier for each row of
people surveyed.
integer n/a row_id is used to link together different attributes collected about b. 2
the same person/group of people. c. (computer-generated ID)

Indicates how many people were counted within the row. If each
person is counted separately, the field value will be 1. If a group of
• row_total
Indicate the number of people
assigned by the row_id.
integer n/a people are counted together, the field value may be any integer. If
a. 1
b. 257
all people are counted together, the field value also equal the total
number of people counted.

all categories
Must be JSON, cannot be KML or Shapefile. Use for example open
Point that describes the exact source www.geojson.io, or other free open tools. Use
Geography component of the a. {"geometry": { "type": "Point","coordinates": [[-
unique_position count location of a person in JSON
GeoJSON specification.
WSG84/CRS4326.
73.98920238018036, 40.74316432553873], ]}
space.
Count is exclusive. One person can only have one attribute.

blue dot • = required field end.

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla Siggaard Andersen (Gehl)
END
grey text and box = unique identifier

NOTES
• The geotag information is ideally gathered using digital means in the field. Alternatively, the location of a person can be plotted on a physical map whilst conducting the survey, and
entered into a coordinate system retrospectively.
• No futher guidelines exist at this point.

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 33 of 38
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT Version: BETA / September 27 2017

BACKGROUND

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
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Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT Version: BETA / September 27 2017

BACKGROUND

SUGGESTED DATA STRUCTURE

EXAMPLE OF LINKING TOGETHER THE DATA TABLES

The agency, study, and location tables are metadata. The public life survey data is stored in separate tables, linked by the row_id and the survey_id.
Other data structures are currently under interrogation and may be proposed in later versions of the Protocol. Suggestions are welcome.

AGENCY

agency_id

LOCATION_AREA

location_id
LOCATIONS

agency_id

location_id

LOCATION_LINE

STUDY location_id

agency_id

study_id

SURVEY_CONTEXT

study_id

location_id

survey_id

SURVEY_GENDER SURVEY_AGE SURVEY_MODE SURVEY_POSTURE SURVEY_ACTIVITIES SURVEY_GROUPS SURVEY_OBJECTS SURVEY_GEOTAG

survey_id survey_id survey_id survey_id survey_id survey_id survey_id survey_id

row_id row_id row_id row_id row_id row_id row_id row_id

LINKING COUNTS
Several survey components can be collected either as linked data, un-linked but simultaneous data, or un-linked and consecutive data. The choice of
method should depend on the study’s research questions, the capabilities of the surveyors, and the complexity of the study location and general context.

Linked Surveys Simultaneous Surveys Consecutive Surveys

If any number of survey components are If the survey components are collected If several survey components are collected
measured together, e.g., gender and age, simultaneously, but not linked, then the consecutively, but not at the same time,
then the data will share a row_id and a data will share a survey_id, but not a the data will not share either a row_id or a
survey_id. row_id. survey_id.

This will enable the analysis to state: This will enable the analysis to state: This will enable the analysis to state:
“In location X at time Y, there were 54 “In location X at time Y, there were 54 “In location X at time Y, there were 54
women aged 25-64 in the space. women and 110 people aged 25-64 in the women in the space. In location X at time
space.” Z, there were 112 people aged 25-64.”

LOCATION LOCATION LOCATION

SURVEY_CONTEXT SURVEY_CONTEXT SURVEY_CONTEXT SURVEY_CONTEXT

linked

SURVEY_AGE SURVEY_GENDER SURVEY_AGE SURVEY_GENDER SURVEY_AGE SURVEY_GENDER

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
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Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT Version: BETA / September 27 2017

BACKGROUND

FILE REQUIREMENTS AND TERMINOLOGY

FILE REQUIREMENTS
The following requirements apply to the format and contents of all
files in a published Public Life Data Protocol (PLDP) feed.
• All files in a PLPD survey must be saved as comma-delimited text (CSV).

• The first line of each file must contain field names (see vocabulary).

• All field names are case-sensitive.

• Field values may not contain tabs, carriage returns, or new lines.

• Consistent with the way Microsoft Excel software outputs comma-delimited (CSV)
files, quotation marks or commas must be enclosed within quotation marks. In
addition, each quotation mark in the field value must be preceded with a quotation
mark.

• Field values must not contain HTML tags, comments, or escape sequences.

• Remove any extra spaces between fields or field names. Many parsers consider the
spaces to be part of the value, which may cause errors.

• All tables must contain the appropriate unique identifiers (unique data set) to ensure
their internal relational system remains intact.

• All Unique ID’s must be truly unique within an agency’s system.

• Files should be encoded in UTF-8 to support all Unicode characters. This is especially
important when exporting from Excel, or other closed-software programs.

• Zip the files in each single study publication.

TERM DEFINITIONS
This section defines terms that are used throughout the Protocol.
• (Survey) Area: An “area” indicates the boundaries that people staying have to be
within in order to be registered within the survey. People moving across an area are
not registered in a stationary count, but people moving within the confounds of the
area are. Also known as “location area” or “survey area”. Not to be confused with a
“study area”, which identifies a cluster of “survey areas”. A “study area” may be an
entire city, while the specific “survey areas” are the public spaces within that city
where specific observations will take place.

• Field: The fields identify the values within each data table. Each field holds a single
piece of data belonging to the table it is located within. Many fields make up a
record. Some fields are indicated as optional.

• (Survey) Line: A “line” indicates the threshold that people moving have to cross,
walking in either direction, to be registered within the survey. Lines typically run from
facade to facade across the width of a street, capturing anyone that moves up and
down the street. Also known as “Location Line” or “Line Geometry”.

• Optional Field: The field column may be omitted from your feed, but the Protocol
recommends including all relevant columns. You may always include an empty string
as a value for records that do not have values for the column.

• Public Life: The Protocol defines “public life” as social activities in public space,
everyday life in the public realm, and civic life.

• Public Space: The Protocol defines “public space” as any space that is located
between buildings, and which is publicly accessible. Public space typically consists
of streets, parks, and plazas, but can also comprise indoor spaces like the lobby of a
public library. Also known as “Public Realm”.

• Required Field: The field column must be included in the dataset, and a value must
be provided. Some required fields permit an empty string as the value (null). “0” is
interpreted as a value, and is not an empty string. Please see the field definitions for
details.

• Study: A public life/space study is any exercise that measures, quantifies, qualifies,
or observes any activities related to public life/space. The term “study” is used to
describe the entire process, which may consist of several individual surveys.

• Survey: A public life/space survey is a specific exercise that measures, quantifies,

qualifies, or observes any actvities related to public life/space. The term “survey” is
used to describe a singular process, and can be considered part of a larger study.

• (Data) Table: The data tables cluster the necessary and optional fields into categories
that relate to each other via Unique IDs. Some data tables contain metadata, some
are mandatory, and some are optional.

• Unique IDs: A unique identifier is a numeric or alphanumeric string that is associated

with a single entity within the Protocol table. For example, if a location is assigned the
ID “1A”, then no other location within the same table may use that same ID. ID’s may
be identical across different tables.

Please contribute suggestions for further additions to the terminology list that may
improve the reading and understanding of the Protocol.

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
Page 36 of 38
Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT Version: BETA / September 27 2017

BACKGROUND

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
FOUNDERS
Gehl Institute
Shin-pei Tsay, Executive Director

Gehl
Jeff Risom, US Director
Camilla S. Andersen, Protocol Project Manager and Editor

City of San Francisco Urban Planning Department

Neil Hrushowy, City Design Group Manager
Robin Abad, Planner & Urban Designer, Public Life Program Manager

City of Copenhagen City Data Department

Steffen Svinth, Head of Unit
Malene Højland Pedersen, Project Manager

DEVELOPMENT PARTNER
Seattle Department of Transportation
Benjamin de la Pena, Deputy Director
Susan McLaughlin, Urban Design Manager

A SPECIAL THANKS TO...

Many people contributed to the creation of the Protocol throughout a long process of engagement.
The Protocol Team gives special thanks to the following contributors for their time and thoughts.

Gehl Institute:
Jennifer Gardner
Riley Gold
Tara Eisenberg

Gehl:
Helle Søholt, CEO
Sofie Kvist
Anna Muessig
Louise Kielgast
Henriette Vamberg
Ewa Westermark
Birgitte Svarre
Adriana Akers

San Francisco Municipality:

Rachelle M. Sarmiento

Copenhagen Municipality:
Tina Saaby
Marie Kåstrup
Sia Kirknæs
Bettina Kleis Hornbæk
Jakob Møller Nielsen
Rasmus Bertelsen
Frans la Cour
Tyge Pontoppidan Jensen
Lene Mårtensson
Sven Medin

Seattle Department of Transportation:

Connie Combs
Ellie Smith
Lizzie Moll

External Consultants:
Eric Scharnhorst (consultant)
Kasey Klimes (consultant)
Kevin Webb (World Bank Group)
Lisa Kenney (Gender Spectrum)
Liselott Stenfeldt (The Alexandra Institute)
Mads Andersen (consultant)
Matias Kalwill (consultant)

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
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Founded by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, and Copenhagen Municipality Public Life Data Protocol
Tested, iterated, and refined by Gehl Institute with Gehl, City of San Francisco, Copenhagen Municipality, and Seattle DOT Version: BETA / September 27 2017

PUBLIC LIFE DATA PROTOCOL

END.

Please contribute suggestions, comments and input to Gehl Institute.

Stay tuned for more supporting materials, data feeds, and future iterations of the Protocol.

Project Responsible: Shin-pei Tsay (Gehl Institute) / Project Manager: Camilla S. Andersen (Gehl)
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