NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS

International Journal Of Research Publications In Engineering And Technology [IJRPET]

ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 5, May -2016
A MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKER FOR LONG TERM LOGGING
USING PV MODULE PERFORMANCE
S.R.Deokar1, L.H.Disale2, S.B. Malve3, S.R.Karpe4,
UG Students Dept. of EE, S. B. Patil College Engineering College, Indapur, Maharashtra, India1-3
Assistant professor, Dept. of EE, S. B. Patil College Engineering College, Indapur, Maharashtra, India4

ABSTRACT: and the solar panel. Hence the solar panels finds the
Renewable energy sources are not having any applications in stand-alone (water pumping, domestic and
alternative in this era as the demand of electricity is street lighting, electric vehicles, military and space
increasing every year continuously. Development of applications) or grid-connected configurations (hybrid
any country can be decided by per capita energy systems, power plants).
consumption of that country. The shortage of electrical In recent years, research has been done on
energy can be overcome by the development of the improving the capabilities of MPPT algorithms, partly
solar energy in coming future. Solar energy is vital and driven by the availability of more powerful control
a source having huge potential. The efficiency and circuitry. However, even a quite simple hill-climbing or
output optimization of the solar system is need of time perturb-and-observe algorithm can give sufficient accuracy
in order to make solar energy as a capable option. and response speed to assess the power output of PV
Authors have presented the system of photovoltaic modules to within a few percent of error margin over a
module used for absorption of solar energy. To extract wide range of irradiances.
the maximum power from solar source, it is necessary The major problems associated with the solar
to monitor the Maximum Power Point (MPP). system, are the less conversion efficiency under certain
Monitoring the performance and studying system environmental conditions and the solar cell V-I
stability is possible by the proposed module. characteristic is nonlinear and varies with irradiation and
Monitoring, analysis and storing the data is possible by temperature.
this module. The performance evaluation of the system Unfortunately, PV generation systems have two major
is necessary to understand the scope of improvement problems: the conversion efficiency of electric power
for solar system. generation is very low, especially under low irradiation
KEYWORDS: maximum power point tracker, conditions, and the amount of electric power generated by
Performance evaluation, Photovoltaic cells, power solar arrays changes continuously with weather conditions.
MOSFET, Microcontroller, Stepper motor The maximum efficiency is achieved by Maximum Power
Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques. Moreover, the solar cell
I.INTRODUCTION:
V-I characteristic is nonlinear and varies with irradiation
The photovoltaic system has found applications in
and temperature. In general, there is a unique point on the
charging, water pumping, satellite power systems, etc. It is
V-I or V-P curve, called the Maximum Power Point (MPP), at
really necessary to operate the PV system at maximum
which
power point MPP. Improving the output and efficiency is
OBJECTIVES:
necessity of time as this system is needed to be used for
1) System should be simple as possible
wide range of applications [1]. Several development have
2) Cost effective to all people
been proposed by the researcher to improve the non
3) Accurate reading
renewable systems .Solar system has found to be one of the
most reliable, low cost, environment friendly resource of II. PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM:
electricity. [2]. Various maximum solar power tracking A Photovoltaic (PV) system directly converts solar
technique (MPPT) are popular for photovoltaic system. energy into electrical energy. The basic device of a PV
Generally, if the load is connected directly to solar system is the PV cell. Cells may be grouped to form arrays.
panel, the maximum power point cannot be achieved. If the The voltage and current available at the terminals of a PV
load is directly connected to the solar system, then huge device may directly feed small loads such as lighting
size of solar panel will be required, hence cost of total systems and DC motors or connect to a grid by using proper
system will be increased. Hence to overcome these, energy conversion devices. This photovoltaic system
converters are used for power conversion between the load
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 NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
International Journal Of Research Publications In Engineering And Technology [IJRPET]
ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 5, May -2016
consists of main parts such as PV module, charger, battery, The Current – Voltage characteristic curve of a PV cell for
inverter and load. certain irradiance at a fixed cell temperature is shown in
fig.2. The current from a PV cell depends on the external
a. EQUIVALENT MODEL: voltage applied and the amount of sunlight on the cell.
A Photovoltaic cell is a device used to convert solar When the PV cell circuit is short, the current is at maximum
radiation directly into electricity. It consists of two or more and the voltage across the cell is zero. When the PV cell
thin layers of semiconducting material, most commonly circuit is open, the voltage is at maximum and the current is
silicon. When the silicon is exposed to light, electrical zero.
charges are generated. A PV cell is usually represented by
an electrical equivalent one-diode model shown in fig.1 c. POWER – VOLTAGE CURVE FOR PV CELL:

.
The model contains a current source, one diode, internal
shunt resistance and a series resistance which represents
the resistance inside each cell. The net current is the Fig 3. Power-Voltage Curve
difference between the photo current and the normal diode The Power – Voltage curve for PV cell is shown in fig.3. Here
current is given by the equation. P is the power extracted from the PV array and V is the
voltage across the terminals of the PV array. This curve
𝐼𝐷 = 𝐼𝑜 𝑒 𝑞(𝑉+𝐼𝑅𝑠) − 1 ........................(1) varies due to the current insolation and temperature. When
insolation increases, the power available from PV array
increases whereas when temperature increases the power
𝑉+𝐼𝑅𝑠
𝐼 = 𝐼𝐿 − 𝐼𝑂 𝑒 𝑞(𝑉+𝐼𝑅𝑠) − 1 − ...........................(2) available from PV array decreases
𝑅𝑠ℎ
Where
I is the cell current (A). III. MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING:
q is the charge of electron (coul). Maximum power point plays an important role in
K is the Boltzmann's constant (j/K). photovoltaic system because they maximize the power
T is the cell temperature (K). output from a PV system for a given set of conditions, and
is the photo current (A). therefore maximize the array efficiency. There are different
Io is the diode saturation current.(A) methods used to track the maximum power point are
Rs , Rsh are cell series and shunt resistances (ohms). V is 1. Perturb and Observe method
the cell output voltage (V). 2. Incremental Conductance method
3. Parasitic Capacitance method
b. CURRENT – VOLTAGE CURVE FOR PV CELL: 4. Constant Voltage method
Among the different methods used to track the maximum
power point, Perturb and Observe method is the most
widely used method in PV MPPTs and is highly competitive
against other MPPT methods.

IV. PERTURB AND OBSERVE METHOD:

This is the one of the method to identify, maximum power
tracking point. The power generation of the solar system
can be observed and the changes are made in order to
achieve the maximum power output. The direction of
Fig.2 Voltage-Current Curve photovoltaic panel is changed and related changes in the
magnitude of power output are observed. The movement of
the panel continues till the continuous maximum power
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 NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
International Journal Of Research Publications In Engineering And Technology [IJRPET]
ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 5, May -2016
output is achieved form the system. In order to keep the VI. CONCLUSION:
power variation small the perturbation size is kept very
The Proposed MPPT concept combines the
small. A PI controller is used for moving the panel. The only
advantages of the I-V scan based MPPT in that it always find
drawback of this method is, it is not so useful in fast varying
the global MPP- with the simple partial shadow detection
atmospheric conditions.
unit. This minimizes the power loss due to the scanning
process by activating the scan only when partial shadow
IV. SYSTEM DISCRIPTION:
conditions are detected. Two Essential advantage of the
method are its simplicity. Since the partial shadow
detection unit can be combined with any MPPT algorithm
with minimum cost.
REFERENCES:
[1] S.R.DEOKAR1 , L.H.DISALE2 , S.B. MALVE3 , Y.G.ABHALE4,
“Review On Maximum Power Point Tracker For Long Term
Logging Using Pv Module Performance”, International
Journal Of Research Publications In ENGINEERING AND
Technology [Ijrpet], ISSN: 2454-7875 VOLUME 2, ISSUE 2,
Jan. -2016
[2] Uwe Zimmermann, and Marika Edoff, "A Maximum
Power Point Tracker for Long-Term Logging of PV Module
Fig.5. Schematic of diagram MPPT system. Performance" IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Vol.. 2, N°. 1,
In the proposed module, MPP is used to identify the 2012.
inefficient solar panel. The voltage sensor is used to provide [3] Sonali Surawdhaniwar and Mr. Ritesh Diwan, “Study of
the reference voltage for MPPT. The V-I characteristics of Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Perturb and Observe
the panel are studied in detail. The control action is taken Method”, International Journal of Advanced Research in
by controller with reference to the data collected from the Computer Engineering & Technology Volume 1, Issue 5, July
system. The generated power is stored in Li-on batteries. 2012, ISSN: 2278 – 1323
The condition of the panel is studied and if necessary it will [4] Ir Dr Edward LO Associate Professor Department of
be replaced. Generally 30 to 40% of the incident energy is Electrical Engineering , PV Cells- Working Principle and
converted to electricity; hence it is necessary to implement Applications by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University..
maximum power point tracking. [5] S. Leva, D. Zaninelli, “Hybrid Renewable Energy-Fuel Cell
The operating characteristics of a solar cell consist of two System: design and performance evaluation”, Electric Power
regions as represented in Fig 1, the current source region Systems Research, Vol. 79, 2009, pp.316-324 – ISSN 0378-
and the voltage source region. In the current source region, 1649– Rivista ISI
the internal impedance of the solar cell is high and this
region is located on the left side of the current-voltage [6] M.E.Ahmad and S.Mekhilef, "Design and Implementation
curve. The voltage source region, where the internal of a Multi Level Three-Phase Inverter with Less Switches and
impedance is low, is located on the right side of the current Low Output Voltage Distortation ," Journal of Power
–voltage curve. As per Maximum Power Transfer Theorem, Electronics, vol. 9, pp. 594-604, 2009.
Maximum Power is delivered to load when source internal
impedance matches load impedance.

V.RESULT TABLE:
SR. Solar Plate Sun Position as Output Efficiency
NO Position (in per Day Voltage (%)
Angle) (V)
1. 30 Morning 7.2 92
2. 60 Early 7.5 93
Afternoon
3. 90 Afternoon 8 97
4. 120 Evening 7.8 95
As per the change the sun position in day time that solar
plate will move and give the constant output at a load side.
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