NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS

International Journal Of Research Publications In Engineering And Technology [IJRPET]

ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 6, June -2016

DEVELOPMENT OF 3 PHASE 3 WIRE SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER

FOR HARMONIC REDUCTION

B. R. Babar, S.G. Kanade

Department of Electrical Engineering
TSSMs, Bhivarabai Sawant College of Engineering, & Research
Narhe, Pune.411043 India

ABSTRACT: impedance, b) Fixed compensation, and large configuration

This paper shows the method of improving the power size.
quality as well as power factor using shunt active To overcome the problems of passive filters, active
power filter in the power system, which is caused by filters were developed and used to solve the problem of
nonlinear loads. The Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) harmonics [1]. This technology of the active filter has
injects a suitable compensating current at a point of improved a lot thereby giving very good results to reduce
common coupling (PCC) so that the harmonics present the problem of harmonics. The power semiconductor
in the line are cancelled out and the sinusoidal nature devices improved the active filters a lot. Active filters solve
of voltage and current waveforms are restored. The the problem of harmonic in industrial area as well as utility
proposed method consist of Bang Bang current control Power distribution. The active power filter working
for reference current generation and Hysteresis band performance is based on the techniques used for the
current control (HBCC) technique for the generation of generation of reference current. With the development
firing pulses to the inverter. This system is simulated various technologies results the lowering of harmonics
using MATLAB/Simulink and the results are presented. below 5% as specifies by IEEE. In this paper Bang Bang
INDEX TERMS: active power filter, Bang -Bang current Reference current generation method has been used [2].
Controller, Hysteresis current controller, harmonic We have many current control technologies for active
mitigation, reactive power compensation power filter, but the Hysteresis current controller is proved
to be very efficient in terms of fast current controllability
I. INTRODUCTION: and it also very easy to apply when compared to other
Shunt technology has brought drastic increase in method like sinusoidal PWM. We can detect harmonics in
the use of power electronic equipments which results in the two ways or two main forms first in time domain and
increase of harmonics in source current. Large use of power second in the frequency domain the paper deals with Fast
converters, various non linear loads and increasing use of Fourier Transform (FFT) to find harmonics in frequency
office equipment like computers, printers, faxes and laptops domain. Other frequency domain techniques are discrete
are reasons for the increasing harmonics which results in Fourier transform (DFT); recursive discrete Fourier
degradation of source current and source voltage. transform (RDFT). Our main target is to reduce THD of
Harmonics causes very serious damage in powers system. supply current with the help of hysteresis band current
Causes like, low power factor, overheating of neutral wire, controller. There are two type of hysteresis Current
damaging microprocessor based equipment, resonance etc. controller namely, adaptive hysteresis current controller
Traditionally, L-C passive filters were used to solve the and fixed band current controller. This paper deals with the
problem of harmonics to filter out current harmonics to get use of fixed band hysteresis current controller [2]. The
sinusoidal supply current. Passive filters are classified as model of shunt active power filter using hysteresis current
single tune filter and high pass filter. Passive filters have controller has been used in mat lab/Simulink. Results have
following disadvantages a) Resonance with the source been successfully retrieved from model and followed by
conclusion.

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 NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
International Journal Of Research Publications In Engineering And Technology [IJRPET]
ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 6, June -2016
The proposed Shunt Active Power control scheme is used stoppage of sensitive equipments like personal computer,
for power quality improvement and it has following programmable logic control system and may stop the
objectives [7-8-9]. process and even can damage of sensitive equipments. Thus
 Unity power factor at the source side. it degrades the power quality in the grid.
 To mitigate the harmonics.
 To discuss effect of harmonics arising due to nonlinear III. WORKING OF SHUNT APF:
load
 To simulate 3 Phase 3 Wire Shunt APF in
MATLAB/SIMULINK
 Design Bang Bang Reference current Generation and to
achieve fast dynamic response
 Design of hysteresis current controller
 Experimental validation of simulation work
This paper is organized as fallows. The Section II
introduces the power quality issues and its consequences.
The Section III describes the working of shunt Active Power
Fig. 1: Basic Scheme of shunt active filter
Filter. The Sections IV, V, VI describes the control scheme,
To overcome these disadvantages, active power
system performance, Results and conclusion.
filters are introduced which compensate for the current
harmonics and reduces the total harmonic distortion. The
II. POWER QUALITY ISSUES AND ITS CONSEQUENCES:
SAPF is connected in parallel with the line through a
A. Voltage Variation:
coupling inductor. Its main power circuit consists of a three
The voltage variation is directly related to real and reactive
phase three-leg current controlled voltage source inverter
power variations.
with a DC link capacitor. An active power filter operates by
The voltage variation is commonly classified as under:
generating a compensating current with 180 degree phase
• Voltage Sag/Voltage Dips.
opposition and injects it back to the line so as to cancel out
• Voltage Swells.
the current harmonics introduced by the nonlinear load.
• Short Interruptions.
This will thus suppress the harmonic content present in the
• Long duration voltage variation.
line and make the current waveform sinusoidal. So the
The voltage flicker issue describes dynamic variations in
process comprises of detecting the harmonic component
the network caused by varying loads [3]. The amplitude of
present in the line current, generating the reference current,
voltage fluctuation depends on grid strength, network
producing the switching pulses for the power circuit,
impedance, and phase-angle and power factor.
generating a compensating current and injecting it back to
the line as shown in fig.1
B. Harmonics:
The harmonic results due to the operation of power
IV. CONTROL SCHEME:
electronic converters. The harmonic voltage and current
The control scheme approach is based on injecting
should be limited to the acceptable level at the point of
the currents into the grid using “bang-bang controller.” The
common coupling. To ensure the harmonic voltage within
controller uses a hysteresis current controlled technique.
limit, each source of harmonic current can allow only a
Using such technique, the controller keeps the control
limited contribution. The rapid switching gives a large
system variable between boundaries of hysteresis area and
reduction in lower order harmonic current compared to the
gives correct switching signals for Shunt APF operation.
line commutated converter, but the output current will
The control system scheme for generating the switching
have high frequency current and can be easily filter-out.
signals to the Shunt APF is shown in Fig. 2. The control
algorithm needs the measurements of several variables
C. Consequences of the Issues:
such as three-phase source current , DC voltage ,
The voltage variation, flicker, harmonics causes the
inverter current with the help of sensor. The current
malfunction of equipments namely microprocessor based
control block, receives an input of reference current
control system, programmable logic controller; adjustable
and actual current are subtracted so as to
speed drives, flickering of light and screen. It may leads to
activate the operation of Shunt APF in current control mode
tripping of contractors, tripping of protection devices,
[2].
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 NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
International Journal Of Research Publications In Engineering And Technology [IJRPET]
ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 6, June -2016
ON/OFF switching signals for MOSFET of Shunt APF are
derived from hysteresis controller.
The switching function for phase ‘a’ is expressed as (4).

=0

=1 (4)

Where HB is a hysteresis current-band, similarly the

switching function can be derived for phases “b” &
“c”.
V. SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AND RESULTS:
The proposed control scheme is simulated using SIMULINK
Fig. 2: Control system scheme. in power system block set.
A. Voltage Source Current Control—Inverter Operation:
A. Grid Synchronization: The three phase injected current into the grid from
In three-phase balance system, the RMS voltage source Shunt APF will cancel out the distortion caused by the
amplitude is calculated at the sampling frequency from the nonlinear load. The MOSFET based three-phase inverter is
source phase voltage ( ) and is expressed, as connected to grid through the transformer. The generation
sample template , sampled peak voltage, as in (1). of switching signals from reference current is simulated
within hysteresis band. The choice of narrow hysteresis
(1) band switching in the system improves the current quality
[5]-[6]-[7]. The choice of the current band depends on the
operating voltage and the interfacing transformer
The in-phase unit vectors are obtained from AC source
impedance. The compensated current for the nonlinear
phase voltage and the RMS value of unit vector
load and demanded reactive power is provided by the
as shown in equation (2)
inverter. The real power transfer from the batteries is also
supported by the controller of this inverter.
(2) It is observed that the source current on the grid is
affected due to the effects of nonlinear load, thus purity of
The in-phase generated reference currents are derived waveform may be lost on both sides in the system. The
using in-phase unit voltage template as, in (3) inverter output voltage under Shunt APF operation with
load variation is shown in fig. 3. The dynamic load does
(3) affect the inverter output voltage. The source current with
and without APF operation is shown in Fig. 3 and 4. This
Where I is proportional to magnitude of filtered shows that the unity power factor is maintained for the
source voltage for respective phases. This ensures that the source power when the APF is in operation. The current
source current is controlled to be sinusoidal. The unit waveform before and after the APF operation was analysed
vectors implement the important function in the grid
connection for the synchronization for Shunt APF. This
method is simple, robust and favourable as compared with
other methods [4].

B. Bang-Bang Current Controller

Bang-Bang current controller is implemented in
the current control scheme. The reference current is
generated as in (3) and actual current are detected by
current sensors and are subtracted for obtaining a current
error for a hysteresis based bang-bang controller. Thus the
Fig. 3. THD spectrum without filter
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 NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
International Journal Of Research Publications In Engineering And Technology [IJRPET]
ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 6, June -2016

REFERENCES:
[1] Pablo Acuna, Luis Moran,s “Improved Active Power
Filter Performance for Renewable Power Generation
Systems,” IEEE Trans. Power electronics, vol. 29, NO. 2,
Feburary 2014
[2] Sharad W. Mohod, Mohan V. Aware. “A STATCOM-
Control Scheme for Grid Connected Wind Energy System for
Power Quality Improvement,” IEEE System journal, vol. 4,
NO. 3, September 2010.
[3] Zainal Salam, Tan Perng Cheng and Awang Jusoh, “
Harmonics Mitigation Using Active Power Filter” Vol. 8, No.
Fig. 4. THD spectrum with filter
2, 2006.
The Fourier analysis of this waveform is expressed
[4] B. Singh, K. Al-Haddad, and A. Chandra, “A review of
and the THD of this system at PCC without APF is 30.89%,
active filters for power quality improvement,” IEEE Trans. on
as shown in Fig. 3. The power quality improvement is
Industrial Electronics, Vol. 59, No. 3, March 2012
observed at point of common coupling, when APF is placed
[5] Yi Tang, Poh Chiang Loh, “Generalized Design of High
in the operation at 0.3 sec and source current waveform is
Performance Shunt Active Power Filter With Output LCL
shown in Fig. 4 with its FFT. It is shown that the THD has
Filter,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 229–
been improved considerably up to 0.25%. The above test
236, Jan. 2007.
with proposed scheme has not only improved power
[6] Q.-N. Trinh and H.-H. Lee, “An advanced current control
quality but it also has sustained capability to support the
strategy for three-phase shunt active power filters,” IEEE
load with the energy storage through the batteries.
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2013.
VI. CONCLUSION:
[7] “Jinn-chang wu Member, Hsin-Hsing Hsaio, and Shun-
This paper presents the APF-based control scheme
Tain “New Hybrid Power Conditioner for Suppressing
for power quality improvement in grid connected system
Harmonics and Neutral-Line Current In Three-Phase Four-
and with non linear load. The operation of the control
Wire Distribution Power System”, IEEE transactions on
system developed for the Shunt APF in MATLAB/SIMULINK
power delivery, vol. 29, no. 4, AUGUST 2014
for maintaining the power quality is simulated. It has a
[9] Yi Tang, Poh chaing loh, & peng wang “Generalised
capability to cancel out the harmonic parts of the load
Design of High Performance Shunt Active Power Filter With
current. It maintains the source voltage and current in-
Output LCL Filter,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 59, no.
phase and support the reactive power demand for the load
3,pp. 1443-1452, march. 2012.
at PCC in the grid system, thus it gives an opportunity to
enhance the utilization factor of transmission line. The
Shunt APF have shown the outstanding performance. Thus
the proposed scheme in the grid connected system fulfils
the power quality conditions.

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