PROFIBUS Systembeschreibung ENG Web
PROFIBUS Systembeschreibung ENG Web
Fig. 13: Device replacement with transfer of Fig. 26: Assignment of the PROFINET
the predecessors functions . . . . . . . . 16 device diagnostics to NE 107. . . . . . . 26
Fig. 14: Diagnostic mapping as per NAMUR Fig. 27: PROFIBUS & PROFINET
recommendation 107. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 International (PI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
List of tables
Tab. 1: Overview of transmission values. . . 4 Tab. 4: Supported fiberoptic cable types . . 6
Tab. 2: Transmission values of RS485 Tab. 5: PROFIBUS application profiles. . . . . . 14
and MBP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Tab. 3: Characteristics of MBP and MBP-IS. 5
HD=4; parity bit; HD=4; parity bit; Preamble; fail-safe Preamble; fail-safe HD=4; parity bit;
Data security start/end delimiter start/end delimiter start/end delimiter start/end delimiter start/end delimiter
Twisted, shielded two- Twisted, shielded four- Twisted, shielded two- Twisted, shielded two- Multi- and single mode
wire cable, wire cable, wire cable, wire cable, glass fiber; PCF; plastic
Cable cable type A cable type A, acc. to cable type A cable type A, acc. to IEC fiber
IEC 61158 part 3/1 61158 part 3/2
Remote power Possible using Possible using additional Optional using signal Optional using signal Possible using hybrid
supply additional cores cores cores cores cable
Increased safety Ex e Intrinsic safety Increased safety Ex e Intrinsic safety None
Ignition Flameproof Ex ib Flameproof Ex ia/ib
protection types encapsulation EX d encapsulation EX d
Line topology with Line topology with Line and tree topology Line and tree topology Star and ring topology
Topology termination termination with termination; also with termination; also typical; line topology
combined combined possible
Up to 32 nodes per Up to 32 nodes per Up to 32 nodes per Up to 32 nodes per Up to 126 nodes per
Number of segment. Max. total segment. Max. total 126 segment. Max. total 126 segment. Max. total 126 network
nodes 126 per network per network per network per network
Max. 9 with signal Max. 9 with signal Max. 4 with signal Max. 4 with signal Unlimited with signal
Number of
refreshing refreshing refreshing refreshing refreshing; note signal
repeaters propagation delay
Zero-mean Manchester II
Transmission Transmission of digital
Transmission rate coding (MBP) through
range per Applies to communication signal
± 9 mA amplitude
[Kbit/s]
segment [m] Signal transmission and
Use of twisted-pair cable
9,6 19,2 remote power supply
1,2 RS485
45,45 93,75
Fieldbus cable Type A
187,5 1 RS485
Via stubs (spur) to a main
Connection of field devices
500 400 RS485 cable (trunk)
1,5 200 RS485 Max. total length of a segment Up to 1,900 m
3,000 6,000 12,000 100 RS485
The values above apply to cable type A with the following Tab. 3: Characteristics of MBP and MBP-IS
properties
2.7 Redundancy
For applications which demand high system Fig. 8: Ring redundancy with PROFIBUS PA
availability, such as with continuous processes,
redundant systems are generally used, whereby the • Slave redundancy:
redundancy can extend to all system components. A The field devices or the PROFIBUS connection
differentiation is made between different concepts in the field device are designed redundantly.
which can be combined with one another as desired Concepts for slave redundancy are described
and, in special cases, also contain complete spatial in the PROFIBUS specification titled “Slave
separations: Redundancy”. Field devices designed with
redundancy need to be on an equal footing and
• Master redundancy: determine between themselves which is to act
The control system or the controller is designed as the primary node and which as the secondary
redundantly (system redundancy, Figure 7, node. Manufacturer-specific solutions are
right) available for transmission media and master
• Media redundancy: redundancy.
The cable paths are designed redundantly
• Coupler/link/gateway redundancy:
2.8 Installation information for RS485
The segment couplers are designed redundantly
(Figure 7) If a coupler fails, the other ones A number of different cable types (type designation
seamlessly take over its function. The master A through D) for different use cases are available for
does not notice the switchover and no messages the connection of devices to one another and to
are lost. network elements (e.g. segment couplers, links and
repeaters). If the RS485 transmission technology
is used, cable type A (data in Table 2) is strongly
recommended.
When connecting the nodes, ensure that the data
cables are not mixed up. To achieve high interference
resistance of the system against electromagnetic
radiation, a shielded data cable (type A is shielded)
should definitely be used. The shielding is to be
connected to the protective ground on both sides
ensuring good conductivity via large-area shield
clamps. Equipotential bonding of all connected field
devices is also recommended. Also ensure that the
data cable is laid as far away from all high-current
Fig. 7: Various redundancy concepts cables as possible. Stubs must absolutely be avoided
with transmission rates greater than or equal to
• Ring redundancy: 1.5 MBit/s. The number of nodes which can be
The combination of redundant couplers and field connected to a segment is limited to 32.
devices with active field distributors implements
ring redundancy and creates expanded media The plugs offered on the market enable incoming
redundancy. Subsegments which have become and outgoing data cables to be connected directly
defective due to a short circuit or wire break are in the plug. This avoids stubs, and the bus plug can
automatically and seamlessly operated further be connected to and disconnected from the bus at
via a coupler each in a line structure (Figure 8). any time without interrupting the data traffic. The
plug connectors suitable for RS485 transmission
technology differ by protection type. In protection
Proxy FBs are generally specified by device profile In addition to the previously mentioned "neutralized"
working groups and provided to the user in different access to acyclical communication functions via
ways, depending on the business model. The MS1, the FDT interface (see page 19) completes the
advantage here is that they can be used in controllers Application Programmer's Interface (via MS2) for the
from different manufacturers. Individual device access of engineering and configuration tools.
manufacturers can also make use of this to give their
"slaves" competitive advantages by encapsulating
certain functions.
4 Application profiles
For the practical use of FBs by application
programmers, an interface that is system-neutral from To ensure smooth interaction between the bus
the viewpoint of the many controller manufacturers nodes of an automation solution, the basic functions
(Application Programmer's Interface or [API]) must and services of the nodes must match. They have
be defined in addition to the known PROFIBUS to "speak the same language" and use the same
communication interface (communication platform, concepts and data formats. This applies both for
MS0, MS1, MS2, Figure 11) specified in IEC 61158. This communication and for device functions and
makes it easy to port user software and the proxy FBs industry sector solutions. This uniformity is achieved
used from the programmable logic controller (PLC) through the use of "profiles" relating to device
of manufacturer A to the PLC of manufacturer B families or special industry sector solutions. These
using standardized communication blocks ("Comm profiles specify features which "profile devices" must
FBs") if the controller manufacturer offers Comm FBs exhibit as a mandatory requirement.
in their programming library.
These can be cross-device-class features, such as
safety-relevant behavior (Common Application
Profiles) or device-class-specific features (Specific
Application Profiles). Here, a differentiation is made
between
• Device profiles
for robots, drives, process devices, encoders,
pumps etc., for example
• Industry profiles
for laboratory technology and rail vehicles, for
example
• Integration profiles
for the integration of subsystems such as HART
Fig. 11: The use of function blocks (Proxy FB and
or IO-Link systems
Comm FB)
Dosing / Weighing Profile describes the use of dosing and weighing systems on PROFIBUS. 3.182a; 3.182b; 3.182c
Profile describes the connection of rotary, angular, and linear encoders with
Encoder 3.162
single-turn and multi-turn resolution.
Profile describes the control of hydraulic drives via PROFIBUS (cooperation
Fluid Power 3.112
with VDMA).
HART on PROFIBUS Profile desribes the integration of HART devices in PROFIBUS systems. 3.102
4.5 PROFIsafe
The risk of human injury, damage to production 5 Device integration
systems and environmental harm is inherent in
many industrial processes. This realization resulted in A particular advantage of PROFIBUS is openness,
"safety-related automation technology" becoming which in turn brings with it compatibility with a
of great importance, as its safety requirements are large number of device and system manufacturers.
far above and beyond those of standard automation However, this does mean that the benefit of
technology. This demand must also be satisfied numerous different device and systems suppliers
by the fieldbus technology, and the PROFIsafe is countered by a correspondingly high number of
communication profile serves this purpose for different possible HMIs. Standards for the centralized
PROFIBUS. and uniform integration of fieldbuses into
automation systems have been developed in order
All the details on this can be found in the relevant to ensure that a disproportionate amount of time
system description (Order No. 4.342). and effort is not required with regard to installation,
version management and device operation. Devices
4.6 Identification & Maintenance (I&M) are usually integrated by means of mapping their
functionality to operator software. The process
The definitions collected in the Identification & is optimized by consistent data management
Maintenance (I&M) application profile are binding throughout the life cycle of the system, with identical
specifications for the storage of specific data in each data structures for all devices. All standards cited
PROFIBUS device. This gives the owner standard in the following can be used in conjunction with
access to all device data through all devices PROFIBUS.
during configuration and commissioning as well
during parameterization and update procedures. A summarized representation of device integration
can be found in Figure 17.
Fig. 18: Expense comparison for devices with profile GSD (on right) and 4-20 mA interface
(on left)
An EDD is a text-based device description which The FDT interface is a cross-manufacturer open
is independent of the engineering system's OS. interface specification which supports the
It provides a description of the device functions integration of field devices into operator programs
communicated acyclically, including graphics based using DTMs. It defines how DTMs interact with an FDT
options, and also provides device information such frame application in the operator tool or engineering
as order data, materials, maintenance instructions system. The interface itself is independent of the
etc. communication protocol and is available at present
for more than 13 protocols including PROFIBUS,
The EDD provides the basis for processing and PROFINET and IO-Link.
displaying device data on the EDD Interpreter. The
EDD Interpreter is the open interface between the
EDDs and the operator program. It provides the 5 .4 Field Device Integration (FDI)
operator program with data for visualization with FDI is a new technology standardized in IEC 62769,
a standard look & feel, regardless of the device and that was developed jointly by manufacturers and
manufacturer. trade associations of process and automation
technology, for easy and uniform integration of
field devices in various host systems. The goal of
this development effort was to merge the two
integration technologies that previously co-existed
on the market – EDD and FDT – into an uniform,
new-generation technology. The best elements
of each technology were combined in FDI with
new technologies such as the OPC UA information
model and the life cycle model into a single, cross-
vendor technology. FDI supports typical operations
such as configuration, commissioning, diagnostics,
and calibration over the life cycle of simple and
The use of PROFIBUS with the PROFIdrive complex field devices. With FDI an alternative to
profile is widespread in the control of packaging the very expensive parallel situation of EDD and
machines. All functions are executed on a FDT called for by users and manufacturers alike has
single bus, which considerably reduces the been achieved.
expenditure for engineering, hardware and
training. The further development and maintenance of FDI
will be carried out jointly by PI and FieldComm
Group in cooperation with OPC Foundation and
5 .3 Device Type Manager (DTM) and Field FDT Group. This includes the work on developing
Device Tool (FDT) interface specifications for FDI and EDDL and, in particular, the
supply of FDI tools and components to the market
In comparison to the GSD and EDD technologies and the global technical support for implementation
based on descriptions, the FDT/DTM technology uses and conformity testing. The FOUNDATION Fieldbus
a software-based method of device integration. The (FF), HART, PROFIBUS, and PROFINET protocols are
DTM is a software component and communicates supported. The FDI specification is available for
download from the PI and FDT Group websites.
8 Outlook
Ethernet is established
From raw material supply to the brewing process Industrial communication is a key technology of
to filling: "Beer brewing" is a good example automation engineering and also an "enabler"
showing the interplay between the discreet and for Industrie 4.0. Successful fieldbus and Ethernet
continuous procedures in a process. PROFIBUS technologies monitor and control equipment and
handles precisely this task with its own bus machinery, optimize manufacturing and production
system and has no competition here. processes, and connect logistics, quality assurance,
and maintenance with production. Rising market
Further steps
The named solution platform is the basis for further
steps targeting the introduction of PROFINET
in process automation. These include the new
Fig. 24: Stepwise introduction of PROFINET in the PROFINET functions "Configuration in Run" and
intrinsically safe field "System redundancy" which are indispensable for
process automation as well as a further developed
Fig. 25: PROFINET in the field with PROFIBUS PA integrated via a proxy
9.2 Economy
Economy in the operation of machines and
systems demands that they be highly available. The
integrated redundancy of PROFIBUS is unrivaled
when it comes to uninterrupted operation. Equally
important are the diagnostic messages continuously
available from the bus, devices and process. They
provide information regarding the current machine
Fig. 26: Assignment of the PROFINET device and system status and enable timely, status-
diagnostics to NE 107 based intervention. The result is higher availability
with reduced maintenance expense. Economy is
also based on the option to use the respectively
most suitable device technology for certain tasks.
9 User benefits PROFIBUS provides this very option, thanks to its
comprehensive device catalog from a wide variety of
Owners of machines and automation systems in manufacturers and the compatibility of the devices
the production and processing industries place on the bus using the device profiles.
high demands on reliability and economy. The
systems must fulfill their function for years, and the
interplay of components and systems from different 9.3 Quality consciousness
manufacturers must be ensured. PROFIBUS, the
world's leading modularly-constructed industrial Quality and quality assurance are of high importance
communication system fulfills these requirements. with PROFIBUS, because it enables components of
The prominent feature of PROFIBUS is its ability to different types and manufacturers to properly fulfill
optimally fulfill industry-specific requirements by their tasks in the automation process. Globally-
combining suitable modules, especially those of established, independent test laboratories test
application profiles. PROFIBUS DP for the production devices in accordance with PROFIBUS specifications
industry, PROFIdrive for drive applications, PROFIBUS for certification which are derived from international
PA for the process industry and PROFIsafe for safety- standards and which guarantee high quality
related applications are the main examples here. standards. Specially established PI training centers
Application profiles also ensure uniform behavior offer "Certified Engineer" and "Certified Installer"
of the devices used, regardless of the manufacturer, courses for PROFIBUS. In addition, PI organizes
and therefore their interoperability on the bus. workshops for users on selected topics.
10.4 Certification
PI supports 10 accredited PITLs worldwide, which
assist in the certification of products with a
PROFIBUS/PROFINET interface. As institutions of PI,
they are independent service providers and adhere
to mutually agreed upon regulations. The testing
services provided by the PITLs are regularly audited
in accordance with a strict accreditation process
to ensure that they meet the necessary quality
requirements. Current addresses can be found on
the PI website.
10.5 Training
The PITCs have been set up with the specific aim
of establishing a global training standard for
engineers and installation technicians. The Training
Centers and their experts are officially accredited.
Their competence with respect to PROFIBUS and
PROFINET training and the associated engineering
and installation services had been checked. A three
days training "PROFIsafe Certified Designer" exists
for PROFIsafe. Current addresses can be found on
the PI website.
10.6 Internet
Available on the PI website www.profibus.com is
actual information about the organization of PI
and the PROFIBUS and PROFINET technologies.
An online-product finder, a glossary, diverse
web-based trainings are to be found there, as
well as the download area with specifications,
application profiles, installation guidelines, and
other documents.
Publisher:
PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation e. V. (PNO)
PROFIBUS & PROFINET International (PI)
Haid-und-Neu-Str. 7 · 76131 Karlsruhe · Germany
Phone: +49 721 96 58 590 · Fax: +49 721 96 58 589
E-Mail: [email protected]
www.profibus.com · www.profinet.com
Exclusion of liability
Although the PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation e.V. (PNO) has taken the most care in compiling the
information contained in this brochure, it cannot guarantee that the content is completely error-free,
and the PROFIBUS Nutzerorganisation e.V. (PNO) can assume no liability, regardless of the legal basis
for any potential claims. The information in this brochure is reviewed on a regular basis. Any necessary
corrections will be made in subsequent editions. We would be grateful for any suggestions as to how
the content could be improved.
Any designations that appear in this brochure could potentially constitute trademarks. Any use of such
trademarks by third parties for their own ends risks infringing the rights of the proprietors concerned.
This brochure is not intended to serve as a substitute for the relevant IEC standards, such as IEC 61158
and IEC 61784, or the relevant specifications and guidelines of PROFIBUS & PROFINET International. In
case of doubt, these standards, specifications, and guidelines are authoritative.
Regional PI Regional PI Associations (RPAs) represent PI around the world and are your personal local
PI Compe- The PI Competence Centers (PICCs) collaborate closely with the RPAs and are your first
tence Center point of contact when you have technical questions. The PICCs are available to assist you
(PICC) in the development of PROFIBUS or PROFINET devices and the commissioning of systems,
and they provide user support and training.
PI Training PI Training Centers (PITCs) support users and developers in gaining experience with the
Center PROFIBUS and PROFINET technologies and their possible uses. Individuals who
(PITC) successfully complete the final exam of the Certified Installer or Engineer course
receive a certificate from PI.
PI Test Lab PI Test Labs (PITLs) are authorized by PI to conduct certification tests for PROFIBUS and
(PITL) PROFINET. You receive a certificate from PI for your product once it passes the test. The
certification program plays a major role in the sustainable quality assurance of products
and thus assures that the systems in use exhibit a high level of trouble-free operation and
availability.