360 ̊ Appraisal

Abhijeet Talapatra
9301
 PREVIEW
✔ Performance Appraisal System.
✔ What is 360 ̊ ?
✔ Process of 360 ̊ Appraisal.
✔ Advantages and Disadvantages.
✔ Leading Questions and Suggestions.
Performance Appraisal
✔ Performance appraisals are essential for the effective
management and evaluation of staff.
✔ Appraisals help develop individuals, improve
organizational performance, and feed into business
planning.
✔ Formal performance appraisals are generally conducted
annually for all staff in the organization.
✔ Staff performance appraisals also establish individual
training needs and enable organizational training needs
analysis and planning.
Performance Appraisal
✔ Reviews each individual's performance against objectives
and standards for the trading year, agreed at the previous
appraisal meeting.
✔ Essential for career and succession planning.
✔ Provide a formal, recorded, regular review of an
individual's performance, and a plan for future
development.
✔ Important for staff motivation, attitude and behaviour
development, communicating and aligning individual and
organizational aims, and fostering positive relationships
between management and staff.
 Various Methods Used
Performance Appraisal

Traditional Methods Modern Methods

*Straight Ranking Method *MBO.

*Essay Appraisal Method *360 ̊ Method.
*Paired Comparison *Assessment Centres.
Method *Behaviourally Anchored.
*Critical Incident Method Rating Scale.
*Field Review *Human Resource
*Checklist Method Accounting.
*Graphic Rating Scale
*Forced Distribution
What is 360 Degree Appraisal?

360-degree Appraisal is an
assessment process used to improve
managerial effectiveness by providing
the manager with a more complete
assessment of their effectiveness, and
their performance and development
needs.
What the process involves

Obtaining feedback from the manager's key

contacts. These would normally include:

o The manager him/herself

o Subordinates (employees who work for
the manager)
o Peers (fellow managers)
o Managers (senior management)
o Customers
o Suppliers
The Process

(SELF APPRAISAL)
How to Implement 360 Degree?

Planning

360 Degree Piloting

Review
Feedback

Feedback Implementation
How is Feedback obtained?

By using a questionnaire which asks

participants to rate the individual according to
observed behaviors - usually managerial or
business-specific competencies.
This process will not suit all companies. One
should assess how well it would fit with the
current culture before launching a scheme and
a pilot scheme is worth building into the
programme
QUESTIONNAIRE
 QUESTIONNAIRE DETAILS

✔ Part A : To be filled by the appraisee before

the Interview and sent to Appraiser.
✔ A1 : Appraissee to fill up his understanding
of his duties and responsibilities.
✔ A2 :Discussion Points:-
– Has the past year been good/bad/satisfactory or
otherwise for you, and why?
– What do you consider to be your most
important achievements of the past year ?
QUESTIONNAIRE DETAILS
– What do you like and dislike about working for this
organization?
– What elements of your job do you find most difficult?
– What elements of your job interest you the most, and
least?
– What do you consider to be your most important tasks in
the next year?
– What action could be taken to improve your performance
in your current position by you, and your boss?
– What kind of work or job would you like to be doing in
one/two/five years time?
– What sort of training/experience would benefit you in the
next year?
 QUESTIONNAIRE DETAILS

✔ A3 : The Appraisee has to list out the

objectives he had set out to achieve in the
past 12 months (or the period covered by
this appraisal) with the measures or
standards agreed - against each comment on
achievement or otherwise, with reasons
where appropriate. Score the performance
against each objective (1-3 = poor, 4-6 =
satisfactory, 7-9 = good, 10 = excellent)
 QUESTIONNAIRE DETAILS
✔ A4 : Appraisee has to score his own own
capability or knowledge in the following areas
in terms of your current role requirements (1-3
= poor, 4-6 = satisfactory, 7-9 = good, 10 =
excellent).
– commercial judgement
– product/technical knowledge
– time management
– planning, budgeting and forecasting
– reporting and administration
QUESTIONNAIRE DETAILS
– communication skills
– delegation skills
– IT/equipment/machinery skills
– meeting expectations, deadlines and commitments
– creativity
– problem-solving and decision-making
– team-working and developing/helping others
– energy, determination and work-rate
– steadiness under pressure
– leadership and integrity
 QUESTIONNAIRE DETAILS
✔ Part B : To be filled by the Appraiser.
✔ B1 : Describe the purpose of Appraissee’s job.
✔ B2 : Reviews discussion pts in A2.
✔ B3 : Reviews Appraisee’s objectives as given in A3.
✔ B4 : Scores the Appraisee’s knowledge or capability
as given in A4.
✔ B5 : Discusses appraisee’s career direction .
✔ B6 : Comments on competencies in current role and
potential for next role or roles.
✔ B7 : Comments upon the T & D support required
What does 360 ̊ measure ?
✔ 360 degree measures behaviors and
competencies.
✔ 360 degree addresses skills such as
listening, planning, and goal-setting.
✔ 360 degree focuses on subjective areas such
as teamwork, character, and leadership
effectiveness.
✔ 360 degree provide feedback on how others
perceive an employee.
 ADVANTAGES
&
DISADVANTAGES
 Advantages ..
✔ Method of collecting information from as
many sources in an employees environment.
✔ Honest assessment as viewed by a variety of
constituents.
✔ Confidential input from many people of how
an employee fares in his job.
✔ Helps employees in seeing themselves as
others see them.
✔ It provides information which neither
employee nor his/her superior may be aware.
 …Advantages
✔ Confidentiality an important aspect.
✔ Employees find this method to be fair.
✔ Gives an indication of performance
enhancing or distracting work situation.
✔ Allows to improve the system creating greater
harmony and overall improvement.
✔ Help employees identify strenght and
address skill gaps.
✔ Lends to continuous learning , growing self
confidence and improved productivity.
 Advantages to the Supervisor

✔ The system is helpful to the supervisor as :

– Accurate assessment.

– Eliminate accusations of favouritism.

– Provides greater Objectivity.

 Why 360 degree Appraisal Programs
Fail? ….
360 performance rating system is not a validated or
corroborated technique for Performance appraisal.

With the increase in the number of raters from one to five

(commonly), it become difficult to separate, calculate and
eliminate personal biasness and differences.

It is often time consuming and difficult to analyze the

information gathered.

The results can be manipulated by the employees towards

their desired ratings with the help of the raters.
 ….Why 360 degree Appraisal Programs
Fail?
The 360 degree appraisal mechanism can have a adversely
effect on the motivation and the performance of the
employees.

360 degree feedback – as a process requires commitment of

top management and the HR, resources(time, financial
resources etc), planned implementation and follow up.

360 degree feedback can be adversely affected by the

customers perception of the organisation and their incomplete
knowledge about the process and the clarity of the process.

Often, the process suffers because of the lack of knowledge on

the part of the participants or the raters.
 Pertinent Questions ???
✔ Is your organization committed to continuous
learning?
✔ Does your organization see the value of
developing leaders in-house?
✔ Are you willing to make the changes
necessary to do this?
✔ What is the level of trust in your organization?
Will your culture support honest feedback?
✔ Is upper level management willing to lead the
way and volunteer for 360-degree
evaluation?
Training Appraisers

Train appraisers to eliminate rater error

– Error of central tendency

– Leniency or strictness error
– Recency error
– Contrast error
– Similar to me error
Effective appraisal programs . . .
Comply with the law
To ensure that the performance appraisal system does
not violate principles of fair employment practices:
- Job related performance standards
- Provide employees with a written copy of the
standards before the appraisal
- Standards must be based on observable or
measurable behaviour
- Train the raters
- Provide feedback
- Implement an appeal system to settle
disagreements
Conducting the Appraisal Interview

•Ask for self assessment

•Invite participation
•Express appreciation
•Minimize criticism
•Change behaviour, not the person
•Focus on solving problems
•Be supportive
•Establish goals
•Follow up day-to-day
THANK YOU