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Rules of Binary Addition: Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Notes

This document discusses binary arithmetic operations including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It provides the rules for performing each operation in binary and examples worked out step-by-step. Notes are also included that define binary number system terminology and equivalents such as nybble, byte, kilobyte, megabyte and gigabyte.

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Martin Fagar
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
91 views

Rules of Binary Addition: Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Notes

This document discusses binary arithmetic operations including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It provides the rules for performing each operation in binary and examples worked out step-by-step. Notes are also included that define binary number system terminology and equivalents such as nybble, byte, kilobyte, megabyte and gigabyte.

Uploaded by

Martin Fagar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Binary Arithmetic

 Addition
 Subtraction
 Multiplication
 Division
 Notes

Rules of Binary Addition

 0 + 0 = 0
 0 + 1 = 1
 1 + 0 = 1
 1 + 1 = 0, and carry 1 to the next more significant bit

For example,

00011010 + 00001100 = 00100110                1  1   carries


  0  0  0  1  1  0  1  0   =   26(base 10)
+ 0  0  0  0  1  1  0  0   =   12(base 10)

  0  0  1  0  0  1  1  0   =   38(base 10)
 
 
00010011 + 00111110 = 01010001          1  1  1  1  1   carries
  0  0  0  1  0  0  1  1   =   19(base 10)
+ 0  0  1  1  1  1  1  0   =   62(base 10)

  0  1  0  1  0  0  0  1   =   81(base 10)

Note:  The rules of binary addition (without carries) are the same as the truths of the XOR gate.

Rules of Binary Subtraction

 0 - 0 = 0
 0 - 1 = 1, and borrow 1 from the next more significant bit
 1 - 0 = 1
 1 - 1 = 0

For example,

00100101 - 00010001 = 00010100                0   borrows


  0  0  1 10  0  1  0  1    =   37(base 10)
- 0  0  0  1  0  0  0  1    =   17(base 10)

  0  0  0  1  0  1  0  0    =   20(base 10)


 
 
00110011 - 00010110 = 00011101             0  10  1   borrows
  0  0  1  1  0 10  1  1    =   51(base 10)
- 0  0  0  1  0  1  1  0    =   22(base 10)

  0  0  0  1  1  1  0  1    =   29(base 10)

Rules of Binary Multiplication

 0 x 0 = 0
 0 x 1 = 0
 1 x 0 = 0
 1 x 1 = 1, and no carry or borrow bits

For example,

00101001 × 00000110 = 11110110         0  0  1  0  1  0  0  1   =    41(base 10)


× 0  0  0  0  0  1  1  0   =    6(base 10)
0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  
0  0  1  0  1  0  0  1     
0  0  1  0  1  0  0  1        
0  0  1  1  1  1  0  1  1  0   =    246(base 10)
 
 
00010111 × 00000011 = 01000101         0  0  0  1  0  1  1  1   =    23(base 10)
× 0  0  0  0  0  0  1  1   =    3(base 10)
   1  1  1  1  1        carries
0  0  0  1  0  1  1  1  
0  0  0  1  0  1  1  1     
0  0  1  0  0  0  1  0  1   =    69(base 10)

Note:  The rules of binary multiplication are the same as the truths of the AND gate.

Another Method:  Binary multiplication is the same as repeated binary addition; add the
multicand to itself the multiplier number of times.

For example,

00001000 × 00000011 = 00011000                   1   carries


  0  0  0  0  1  0  0  0   =    8(base 10)
  0  0  0  0  1  0  0  0   =    8(base 10)
+ 0  0  0  0  1  0  0  0   =    8(base 10)
  0  0  0  1  1  0  0  0   =    24(base 10)

Binary Division

Binary division is the repeated process of subtraction, just as in decimal division.

For example,

00101010 ÷ 00000110 =                       1  1  1    =    7(base 10)


00000111

)
1  1  0   0  0  1  1
0   1   0  1  0    =    42(base 10)
      -    1   1   0        =    6(base 10)
   
         1          borrows
      1   0  1
0  1   
      -    1   1  0   
   
             1  1  0 
        -    1  1  0 
 
              0 
 
 
10000111 ÷ 00000101 =                   1   1   0  1  1    =    27(base 10)
00011011

)
1  0  1   1  0  0  1
0   0   1  1  1    =    135(base 10)
   -   1  0   1            =    5(base 10)
 
    1   1  10       
 -   1   0   1       
   
         1   1     
      -      0     
   
         1   1  1   
      -    1   0  1   
   
           1  0  1 
        -    1  0  1 
 
              0 
Notes

Binary Number System


System Digits:  0 and 1
Bit (short for binary digit):  A single binary digit
LSB (least significant bit):  The rightmost bit
MSB (most significant bit):  The leftmost bit
Upper Byte (or nybble):  The right-hand byte (or nybble) of a pair
Lower Byte (or nybble):  The left-hand byte (or nybble) of a pair
 
Binary Equivalents
1 Nybble (or nibble)  =  4 bits
1 Byte  =  2 nybbles  =  8 bits
1 Kilobyte (KB)  =  1024 bytes
1 Megabyte (MB)  =  1024 kilobytes  =  1,048,576 bytes
1 Gigabyte (GB)  =  1024 megabytes  =  1,073,741,824 bytes

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