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23006544

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tushar patel
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91 views3 pages

23006544

Uploaded by

tushar patel
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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‡ªµ¤Á‡¦¸¥—…°Š„»oŠ„»¨µ—ε Penaeus monodon ª´¥°n°œ


EFFECTS OF ASTAXANTHIN AND VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION ON
GROWTH, SURVIVAL AND LOW SALINITY TOLERANCE OF Penaeus monodon
LARVAE

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Rungjit Yoddee, Somkiat Piyatiratitivorakul, Piamsak Menasveta
1
Department of Biotechnology,
2
Marine Biotechnology Research Unit, and
3
Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok.
E-mail address: [email protected] and [email protected]

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šµÂŽœš·œ(AX) 3 ¦³—´‡º° 0 200 ¨³ 500 ppm ¨³ª·˜µ¤·œ Á°(A) 3 ¦³—´‡º° 0 20,000 ¨³ 40,000
IU/kg ªµŠÂŸœ„µ¦š—¨°ŠÂ CRD 3x3 factorials design 3 ŽÊε °µ®µ¦š—¨°Šš»„­¼˜¦¤¸¦³—´Ãž¦˜¸œ
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Abstract

Penaeus monodon larvae (zoea, mysis and postlarvae) were fed 9 different diets
consisting three levels of astaxanthin (AX; 0, 200 and 500 ppm) and three levels of vitamin
A (A; 0, 20,000 and 40,000 IU/kg). The experiment was 3x3 factorials in a completely
randomized design with three replicates. Diets were practical diets with mean protein and
lipid of 50 and 11%, respectively. The results showed that zoea and mysis survival and
growth rate had interaction between AX and A. Fed AX 500 ppm had provided the highest
survival and growth. For the PL15 stage, larvae with no A diet fed AX 500 ppm had higher
survival rates than of shrimp fed other diets. The growth rate of PL15 shrimp fed the diet
containing 0 ppm AX and A was significantly greater than that of shrimp fed other
combination diets. Shrimp fed A 40,000 IU/kg showed less survival in zoea stage, but in
mysis and PL stage, shrimp fed higher AX and A contents gave less survival than these
shrimp fed only A diets. During a low salinity stress test, PL15 shrimp fed diets containing
AX 500 ppm had significantly greater tolerance to low salinity exposure.

Material and Methods

P. monodon nauplii purchased from a commercial hatchery in Chonburi Province


were used in the experiment. The feeding tests were started at the beginning of zoea I, mysis
I and postlarva I, respectively. The initial larval density for each stage was 100 larvae/l for
zoea, 80 larvae/l for mysis and 30 larvae/l for postlarvae. The experiment was 3x3 factorials
involved completely randomized design with three replicates. Diets included combinations
of three levels of astaxanthin (AX; 0, 200 and 500 ppm) and three levels of vitamin A (A; 0,
20,000 and 40,000 IU/kg). The basal diet in this experiment was a practical diet, that was
modified from Kanazawa et al., 1985. Sizes of the diets used in the experiments were <63 µ
for zoea, 63-125 µ for mysis and >125 µ for postlarvae. Shrimp were reared in 10L of
seawater (30%) with a 2/3 water exchange daily. Larvae were fed five times daily (6:00,
10:00, 14:00, 18:00 and 22:00 h). Survival and specific growth rate (%increment of length)
of the larvae for each dietary treatment were recorded when they reached the early stage of
the next development. For the low salinity stress tests, ten individuals of postlarvae 15 from
each dietary treatment were placed in 300 ml of diluted seawater (2 ppt). Then, the number
of dead shrimp was recorded at 10 min interval for a period of two hours. Data were
analyzed using a probit analysis to determine Time to 50% cumulative mortality (CM50).
Water quality such as, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonium and nitrite
was determined daily. All experimental data were analyzed using Analysis of variance and
Duncan’s new multiple-range test.

Results and Discussion

The diets used in this study had protein (50%) and lipid (11%), which were optimal
levels for growth and survival of shrimp larvae (Teshima and Kanazawa, 1984). Results of
dietary effects on survival rate, growth rate and Time to CM50 shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
The supplemented diets with AX and A had interaction on growth and survival rate of zoea
and mysis stages. Shrimp larvae (zoea, mysis and postlarvae) performed the best growth and
survival rate when fed the diet containing AX 500 ppm with no A. In stress test, diet with
only 500 ppm AX added in practical diet could increase salinity stress tolerance of shrimp
postlarvae. Vitamin A supplemented to diet seemed to have negative effect at 40,000 IU/kg
survival rate of mysis and postlarval stages, but no effect on growth rate of all P. monodon
larval stages. In conclusion, Survival and growth rate of P. monodon larvae can be
performed better by only adding astaxanthin 500 ppm to 1 kg of diet. Shrimp larvae did not
need additional vitamin A in practical diet.
Table 1. Effects of astaxanthin (AX) and vitamin A (A) on survival and growth rate of P.
monodon zoea and mysis stages.

Diets Survival rate (%) Growth rate (%)

AX A Zoea Mysis Zoea Mysis

0 0 60.20±0.35ab 59.09±7.35b 56.50±0.09bc 17.27±0.07ab


200 0 46.87±2.85cd 54.42±1.74b 56.44±0.07abcd 17.28±0.09ab
500 0 70.74±3.57a 72.84±7.76a 56.58±0.03a 17.36±0.05a
0 20,000 56.70±2.90bc 49.75±9.78b 56.34±0.08d 17.27±0.05ab
0 40,000 42.02±11.52d 35.73±5.57c 56.42±0.06bcd 17.24±0.07b
200 20,000 60.77±6.07ab 59.31±6.58b 56.47±0.04abcd 17.27±0.05ab
200 40,000 45.56±10.72cd nd 56.36±0.07cd nd
500 20,000 60.77±6.07ab 20.64±4.36d 56.34±0.04d 17.29±0.07ab
500 40,000 59.21±6.53ab 9.62±2.37e 56.48±0.12abc 17.28±0.02ab

Means with different superscripts are significant difference (P<0.05).

Table 2. Effects of astaxnthin (AX) and vitamin A (A) on survival, growth rate and time to
50%cumulative of P. monodon postlarvae stages.

Diets Survival rate Growth rate time to 50%cumulative

AX A (%) (%) (min)

0 0 54.00±3.71bc 4.17±0.01a 26.47±8.04b


200 0 40.89±4.29d 4.09±0.02c 21.84±7.39bc
500 0 80.67±7.64a 4.17±0.03a 40.05±26.57a
0 20,000 60.78±13.93b 4.16a 15.00±2.61bcd
0 40,000 20.89±3.24e 4.12±0.04bc 11.64±2.30cd
200 20,000 43.11±11.20cd 4.15±0.03ab 9.63±1.21d
200 40,000 0.44±0.77f 4.15d nd
500 20,000 0.44±0.51f 4.11±0.02d nd
500 40,000 nd nd nd

Means with different superscripts are significant difference (P<0.05).


nd = not detected

References: [1]. Kanazawa, A., Teshima, S. and Sakamoto, M. 1985. Aquaculture. 50: 39-
49.
[2]. Teshima, S. and Kanazawa, A. 1984. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish. 50(10):
1709-1715

Keywords: Astaxanthin, Vitamin A, Penaeus monodon and larval diet

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