NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Fourth Year Syllabus

Department of Mathematics

Four Year B.Sc. Honours (Integrated) Course

Effective from the Session : 2009–2010
 National University
Subject: Mathematics
Syllabus for Four Year B.Sc. Honours Course
Effective from 2009-2010 Session
Course content and marks distribution

Fourth Year

Subject Code Subject Title Marks Credit

3782 s t
Theory of Numbers 100 4
3783 Methods of Applied Mathematics 100 4
3784 Tensor Analysis 100 4
3785 Partial Differential equations 100 4
3786 Hydrodynamics 100 4
3787 Math Lab (Practical) 100 4
1582 History of the Emergence of Independent Bangladesh 100 4
3788 Viva-Voce (Comprehensive) 50 2
Any THREE of the following
3789 Discrete Mathematics 100 4
3790 Astronomy 100 4
3791 Modeling in Biology 100 4
3792 Topology &Functional Analysis 100 4
1050 42
 Detailed Syllabus

Course Code 3782 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60

Course Title: Theory of Numbers

Arithmetic in Z. Euclidean algorithm. Continued fractions.

The ring Z, and its group of units. Chinese remainder theorem. Linear Diophantine equations.
Arithmetical functions. Dirichlet convolution. Multiplicative function.
Representation by sum of two and four squares.
Arithmetic of quadratic fields. Euclidean quadratic fields.

Books Recommended :

1. Niven, H. S. Zuckerman : An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers.

2. G. H. Hardy & E. M. Wright, An introduction to Theory of Numbers.

3. I. S. Niven and H. S. Zuckermann, An introduction to Theory of Numbers.

4. W. J. LeVeque, Fundamentals of Number Theory.

5. Fazlur Rahman – Theory of Numbers

Course Code 3783 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60

Course Title: Methods of Applied Mathematics

Fourier Series: Fourier series and its convergence. Fourier sine and cosine series. Properties of Fourier series.
Operations on Fourier series. Complex form. Applications of Fourier series.
Laplace transforms: Basic definitions and properties, Existence theorem. Transforms of derivatives. Relations
involving integrals. Laplace transforms and application to initial value problems and ordinary differential
equations. Transforms of periodic functions. Transforms of convolutions . Inverse transform. Calculation of
inverse transforms. Applications.
Fourier transforms: Fourier transforms. Inversion theorem. sine and cosine transforms. Transforms of
derivatives. Transforms of rational functions. Convolution theorem. Parseval's theorem. Applications to
boundary value problems and integral equation.
Special functions: Gamma and Beta functions. Error function. Legendre functions (Generating function,
recurrence relations and other properties of Legendre polynomials, Legendre differential equation, Legendre
function of the first kind, Legendre function of the second kind, associated Legendre functions). Bessel
functions (Generating function, recurrence relations, Bessel differential equation, Integral representations,
Orthogonality relations, Modified Bessel functions). Laguerrre polynomials (Generating function, Rodrigue
formula, Orthogonality relations, Recurrence relations). Hermite polynomials (Generating function, Rodrigue
formula, orthogonal properties, Hermite differential equation, recurrence relations). Expansion theorem.
Eigenvalue problems and Strum-Liouville boundary value problems: Regular Strum-Liouville boundary
value problems. Nonhomogeneous boundary value problems. Solution by eigenfunction expansion. Green's
functions. Singular Strum-Liouville boundary value problems.

Book Recommended :
1. R. V. Churchill & J. W. Brown- Fourier series & boundary value problmes.
2. M. R. S. Piekel- (i) Fourier analysis with application to boundary value problems
(ii) Laplace Transforms.
L. A. Pipes & L. R. Harvill- Applied mathematics for engineering and physics.
W. N. Lebedev & R.A. Silverman, Special Functions and their Applications.
M. R. Spiegel, Schaum’s Outline Series: Laplace Transforms.

Course Code 3784 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60

Course Title: Tensor Analysis

Coordinates, vectors and tensors: Curvilinear coordinates. Kronecker delta. Summation

convention. Space of n-dimensions. Euclidean and Riemannian spaces. Coordinate transformation.
Contravariant and covariant vectors. The tensor concept. Symmetric and skew-symmetric tensors.
Riemannian metric and metric tensors: Basis and reciprocal basis vectors. Euclidean metric in
three dimensions, Reciprocal or conjugate tensors. Conjugate metric tensor. Associated vectors and
tensor’s length. Angle between two vector’s. The Christoffel symbols.
Covariant Differentiation of Tensors : Covariant derivatives of tensors. Covariant curvature tensor.
The Ricci identity. The Ricci tensor. Scalar Curvature. Bianchi's identity.
Application of Tensors: Applications of tensor analysis to elasticity theory and electromagnetic
theory.

Book Recommended :

1. Schaum's Outline Series : Vector and Tensor Analysis.

2. B. Spain : Tensor Calculus.

3. C. E. Weatherburn : An Introduction to Riemannian Geometry and the Tensor Calculus.

4. A.J. McConnell, Applications of Tensor Analysis.

Course Code 3785 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60

Course Title: Partial Differential Equations

First order equations: Complete integral. General solution. Cauchy problems. Method of
characteristics for linear and quasilinear equations. Charpit's method for finding complete integrals.
Methods for finding general solutions.
Second order equations: Classifications. Reduction to canonical forms. Characteristic curves.
Boundary value problems: Boundary value problems related to linear equations. Applictions of
Fourier methods (Coordinate systems and separability, Homogeneous equations, Nonhomogeneous
boundary conditions, Inhomogeneous equations.)
Problems involving symmetry: Problems involving cylindrical and spherical symmetry, Boundary
value problems involving special functions.
Transform methods for boundary value problems: applications of the Laplace transforms;
applications of Fourier sine and cosine transforms. Inhomogeneous equations.
Books Recommended :

1. J. N. Sneddon- Elements of Partial Differential Equations.

2. J. M. Kar – Partial Differential Equations.

3. B. Epsteim : Partial Differential Equations.

Course Code 3786 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60

Course Title: Hydrodynamics

Velocity and acceleration of fluid particles. Relation between local and individual rates. Steady and
unsteady flows. Uniform and nonuniform flows. Stream lines. Path lines. Vortex lines. Velocity
potential. Bernoulli’s equations and its application.
Rotational and irrotational flows. Equation of continuity. Equation of continuity in spherical and
cylindrical polar coordinates. Boundary surfaces.
Euler’s equation of motion. Conservative field of force. Lamb’s hydrodynamical equations of
Motion. Motion under conservative body force. Vorticity equation(Helmholtz’s vorticity equation)
Motion in two-dimensions. Stream function. Physical meaning of stream function. Velocity in polar-
Coordinates. Relation between stream function and velocity.
Circulation and vorticity. Relation between circulation and vorticity. Kelvin’s circulation theorem,
Kelvin’s minimum energy theorem. Generalized Joukowki’s transformation. Elliptic coordinates and
its application.
The circle’s theorem. Motion of a circular cylinder. Pressure at points on a circular cylinder.
Application of circle theorem. Blasius theorem.
Sources, sinks and doublets. Complex potential and complex velocity. Stagnation points. Complex
potential due to a source and a doublet, Image in two and three dimensions. Stoke’s stream function.
Vortex motion. Complex potential due to vortex motion.
Wave motion. Mathematical representation of wave. Surface wave, Canal wave, Long wave.
Books Recommended :

1. L. M. Milne, Thomson (CBE) - Theoretical Hydrodynamics.

2. F. Chorlton - A Text Book of Fluid dynamics.
3. L. M. Mine Thomosn - Theoretical Hydrodynamics.
4. P. P. Gupta - Hydrodynamics.

Course Code 3787 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60

Course Title: Math Lab (Practical)

Problem-solving in various courses using computer techniques. Lab Assignments: There shall be at
least 15 lab assignments.

Evaluation: Internal Assessment (Laboratory works): 30 marks

Final Exam (Lab 3 hours): 70 marks.

Course Code 1582 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60
Course Title: History of the Emergence of Independent Bangladesh

Legal Framework
Order
 History of the Emergence of Independent Bangladesh
Introduction: Scope and description of the emergence of Independent Bangladesh.

1. Description of the country and its people.

a. Geographical features and their influence.
b. Ethnic composition.
c. Language.
d. Cultural syncretism and religious tolerance.
e. Distinctive identity of Bangladesh in the context of undivided Bangladesh.

2. Proposal for undivided sovereign Bengal and the partition of the Sub Continent, 1947.
a. Rise of communalism under the colonial rule,
b. Lahore Resolution 1940.
c. The proposal of Suhrawardi and Sarat Bose for undivided Bengal : consequences
d. The creation of Pakistan 1947.

3. Pakistan: Structure of the state and disparity.

a. Central and provincial structure.
b. Influence of Military and Civil bureaucracy.
C. Economic, social and cultural disparity

4. Language Movement and quest for Bengali identity

a. Misrule by Muslim League and Struggle for democratic politics.
b. Foundation of Awami league, 1949
c. The Language Movement: context and phases.
d. United front of Haque – Vasani – Suhrawardi: election of 1954, consequences.

5. Military rule: the regimes of Ayub Khan and Yahia Khan (1958-1971)
a. Definition of military rules and its characteristics.
b. Ayub Khan’s rise to power and characteristics of his rule (Political repression, Basic
democracy, Islamisation)
c. Fall of Ayub Khan and Yahia Khan’s rule (Abolition of one unit, universal suffrage, the Legal
Framework Order)

6. Rise of nationalism and the Movement for self determination.

a. Resistance against cultura l aggression and resurgence of Bengali culture.
b. The six point movement of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
c. Reactions; Importance and significance of the six Point movement.
d. The Agortola Case1968.

7. The mass-upsurge of 1969 and 11 point movement:

a. background
b. programme significance and consequences.

8. Election of 1970 Non-cooperation movement of March 1971 and the Declaration of

Independence by Bangobondhu
a. Election result and centres refusal to comply
b. The non co-operation movement, the 7th March Address of Bangobondhu, Operation
Searchlight
c. Declaration of Independence by Bangobondhu and his arrest

9. The war of Liberation 1971

a. Genocide, repression of women, refugees
b. Formation of Bangladesh government and proclamation of Independence
c. The spontaneous early resistance and subsequent organized resistance (Mukti
Fouz, Mukti Bahini, guerillas and the frontal warfare)
d. Publicity Campaign in the war of Liberation (Shadhin Bangla Betar Kendra, the
Campaigns abroad and formation of public opinion)
e. Contribution of students, women and the masses (Peoples war)
f. The role of super powers and the Muslim states in the Liberation war.
g. The Anti-liberation activities of the occupation army, the Peace Committee, Al- Badar, Al-
Shams, Rajakars, pro Pakistan political parties and Pakistani Collaborators, killing of the
intellectuals.
h. Trial of Bangabondhu and reaction of the World Community.
i. The contribution of India in the Liberation War
j. Formation of joint command and the Victory
k. The overall contribution of Bangabondhu and his leadership in the Independence struggle.

10. The Bangabondhu Regime 1972-1975

a. Homecoming
b. Making of the constitution
c. Reconstruction of the war ravaged country
d. The murder of Bangabondhu and his family and the ideological turn-around.
 Harun-or-Roshid, The Foreshadowing of Bangladesh: Bengal Muslim League and Muslim Politics,
1906-1947, The University Press Limited, Dhaka 2012.
Rounaq Jahan, Pakistan: Failure in National Integration, The University Press Limited, Dhaka 1977.
Talukder Maniruzzaman, Radical Politics and the Emergence of Bangladesh, Mowla, Brothers, Dhaka
2003.

Course Code 3788 Marks: 50 Credits: 2 Class Hours: 30

Course Title: Viva- Voce

Course Code 3789 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60

Course Title: Discrete Mathematics

Mathematical reasoning: Inference and fallacies. Methods of proof. Recursive definitions. Program
verification.
Combinatorics: Counting- principles. Inclusion-exclusion principle. Pigeonhole principle.
Generating functions. Recurrence relations. Applications to computer operations.
Algorithms and their efficiency : Searching algorithms.' Sorting algorithms. Bin packing algorithms.
Algorithms on integer operations. Recursive algorithms.
1. Graphs: Structure and symmetry of graphs. Trees and connectivity. Eulerian and
Hamiltonian graphs Diagraphs. Directed graphs. Planar graphs.
Algorithms on graphs : Introduction to graphs, paths and trees. Shortest path problems (Dijkstra's algorithm,
Floyd-Warshall algorithm and their comparisons). Spanning tree problems. (Kruskal's greedy algorithm, Prim's
greedy algorithm and their comparisons).

Network flows: Flows and cuts. Flow augmentation algorithms. Application of max-flow min-cut theorem.
Books Recommended :
1. Schaum's Outline Series – Discrete Mathematics.

2. Kenth H.Rosen – Discrete Mathematics and it's Application.

3. Fazlur Rahman - Discrete Mathematics.

Course Code 3790 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60

Course Title: Astronomy

Sphere and spherical triangles. Astronomical Co-ordinate systems. Conversion of Coordinates system .
planestary motion, Keplar’s laws. Kepler's laws. Equations of time. Unit of time. Astronomical
refraction, Aberation, Parallax (Geocentrick annual ) Prexession and nutation, Eclipses. Solar System.
Stellar astronomy.
Books Recommended :

1. S.K. Bhattacharjee, A Text Book of Astronomy

2. K.K. Dey –Astronomy

3. Tod Hunter – Spherical Trigonometry

4. J.M. Kar – Astronomy

5. A.F.M. Abdur Rahman – A Text Book of Modern Astronomy..

6. –Astronomy

7. M. L Khanna – Spheriacal Astronomy.

Course Code 3791 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60

Course Title: Modeling in Biology

Continuous population models for single species: Continuous growth models. Delay models. Periodic
fluctuations. Harvesting models.
Discrete population models for single species: Simple models. Discrete logistic models. Discrete
delay models.
Continuous models for interacting populations: Predator-prey models. Lotka-Volterra systems. Complexity
and stability. Periodic behavior. Competition Models. Mutualism.
Discrete growth models for interacting populations: Predator-prey models. Competition models.
Epidemic models and dynamics of infectious diseases: Simple epidemic models and practical applications.
Books Recommended :

1. J. C. Frauenthal : Introduction to Population Modeling.

2. D.N. Burghes and M.S. Bowie: Modeling with Differential Equations.

3. J.D. Murray : Mathematical Biology.

4. Fazlur Rahman – Mathemalical Modeling in Biology.

Course Code 3792 Marks: 100 Credits: 4 Class Hours: 60

Course Title: Topology and Functional Analysis

Metric Spaces: Definition with examples. Open sets. Closed sets. Convergence. Completeness.
Baire's theorem. Continuous mappings. Spaces of continuous functions. Euclidean and unitary
spaces.
Topological Spaces: Definition with examples. Elementary concepts. Open bases and open subbases. Weak
topologies. Function algebras.
Compactness: Compact spaces. Product spaces. Tychonoff ‘s theorem. Locally compact spaces. Compactness
for metric spaces.
Separation: TI-spaces and Hausdorff spaces. Completely regular spaces and normal spaces.
Connectedness: Connected spaces. Locally connected spaces. Pathwise connectedness.
Banach Spaces: Definition with examples. Continuous linear transformations. Hahn-Banach
theorem. Natural embedding. Open mapping theorem. Conjugate of an operator.
Hilbert Spaces: Definition and simple properties. Orthogonal complements. Orthogonal sets.
Conjugate spaces. Adjoint and self-adjoint operators.
Fixed point theory : Banach contraction principle (with proof). Schauder Principle. (without proof).
Applications.
Books Recommended :

G. Simons – Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis.

S. Willard- General Topology.

Fazlur Rahman – Topology

- Functional Analysis