International Journal of Trend in Scientific

Research and Development (IJTSRD)

International Open Access Journal
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 1

Brief Review on SQL and NoSQL

H.R.Vyawahare Dr. P. P. Karde Dr. V. M. Thakare

Assistant Professor, Sipna COET, H.O.D. Govt Polytechnic, Head, MCA, SGBAU, Amravati
Amravati Amravati

ABSTRACT
High speed processing is the need of industries and so to solve the big data problem and also can provide the
industry after industry shifts to the Digitiz
Digitization . This solutions for the most Big Data requirements for the
Digital Economy givess a new look to the industries by huge volume of data and velocity of request.
massive changes. The aim of this paper is to give a
overview on CAP in GDB and ACID properties in In order to overcome problem of scalability variety of
RDBMS and then why both developers and enterprises non-relational
relational structural solutions have been bee
typically aim at providing simple, yet very efficient, introduced , such as Dynamo by Amazon , BigTables
solutions for specific problems to speed, data flexibility by Google. In 2006 and 2007, Google and Amezon
and unprecedented levels of scale. Next focus will give the research papers which explain the need of new
towards what are problems while migration from SQL featured database with agility and high scalability. Also
to NoSQL. there was a need of such tool or services which
wh able to
support an ever increasing number of users and data
Keywords: data Migration, NoSQL, RDBMS, Big Data [3].

Introduction: Big Data is Form with 3Vs namely Variety, Volume

and Velocity. In [2] researcher defines the term Veriety.
As the digitized era More and more peoples are doing According to him variety belongs to the various data
more and more online, whether at home, at work, or on formats of the data being generated and stored and
the go. Everything like from payment of hand to hand volume is amount of data and velocity for the rate at
shopping, online reservations, online shopping for which this data is produced [2]. Hence the need of
groceries – the list goes on and on.. This on
online trend strong foundation of any real-time big data architecture
addresses the few w Technical challenges as: Scaling, introduced. A non relational set of architecture termed
Performance,, maintenance of the Databases. From the as NoSQL(Not only SQL).
beginning of 20th century companies faces question
for the data storage. Before
efore this Relational database The term “NoSQL” first applied by Carlo Strozzi in
was in use and was not a issue off Digitized data
data. With non –structural
structural language, though it was based on a
facing this problem of big data few companies relational mode. Use of NoSQL gives a fast, portable
introduced a alternative databases for market and relational database management system with huge
application. They are concern about “one size fits all” Scalability. [8]. Now a days the term te “NoSQL” is
data-stores.
stores. Storage problem get desolve partial oftenly use by breaking word “NoSQL” as “Not only
manner. These questions were just because of problem SQL” and consider backbone for non-relational
non storage
of data storage.
rage. According to Jon Travis, people are systems. Most of the noSQL systems are developed
looking at other technologies because the volume of specifically to address scalability and availability.
data is getting so huge day by day. Jon Travis is an
engineer at Spring Source [1]. And hence researchers Literature Review:
were in search of magical database which will be able
Around 1972, Donald D. Chamberlin and Ray Boyce

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec

Dec 2017 Page: 968
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470

who was the members of reputed IBM group and at updating the Tables.
that time Ted Codd was a computer scientist at IBM’s
San Jose Research Laboratory who was proposing a Markus Winand wrote in his blog that Many NoSQL
new way of organization for data that he called the systems claimed to solve all performance problems by
‘‘relational data model” for the persistent data. He feature of horizontal scalability. Though for the
named This Query Language SEQUEL (Structured current generation database scalability is limited to
English QUEry Language).In 1976-77 next reluctant write operations and is accomplished with eventual
version was quickly named SEQUEL/2,but had to be consistency model. A strict consistency model of SQL
renamed to SQL due to legal reasons[5]. databases make slows down write operations, still that
does not necessarily imply bad throughput [19].
In the era of mainframes and business applications
many developers use a mature query technology that is Migration of Data between SQL and NoSQL depending
SQL. From the beginning RDBMS were very popular. on the style of NoSQL database. Relational database
In fact, in 1979 the first commercial implementation expert Chris Bird observed syntactical difference
was released by a small and unknown software NoSQL and SQL, Also found that hardness for
company named “Relational Software”. This unknown migration like some mental gymnastics requirement for
software company now becomes a popular as Oracle. new users of NoSQL. Hence the process for migration
Johannes Zollmann described in his chapter about the is depend on which technology of NoSQL technology
ACID properties of the RDBMS. He also notes that going to be selected for use. Some researchers had
ACID properties give strong guarantees on consistency tried to cover the gap between RDB and GDB .Graph
[9]. Databases are able to represent as graph of any kind of
information, naturally accommodate changes in
Though ACID makes a strong to relational databases data[15]. Cypher Gremlin, are examples graph data
some drawback of type is, These databases were query languages.
works with single server that means way of enhancing
the capacity is only upgrading the server. Another Some noSQL db doesn't support range queries or joins,
researcher Antro Salminen note that in his seminar that users are restricted in what user can view and how fast
for scale–up the RDBMS only way is by adding the user can view[10]. An Oracal white paper note that
Hardware processing power[6] RDBMS also has Choice of new system is an exciting, strategic business
physical storage limit[3].Hence Such database was activity that usually entails working with new
required that support current generation web, mobile, technologies, suppliers, and opportunities under the
and other applications to operate at any scale .As head of successful data migration in October 2011. It is
need is a Mother of innovations, when everyone was also observed that without a sufficient knowledge of
facing a problem of Big data there was a introduction both source and target, data migration can cause major
of NoSQL by the researchers. or minor or any hidden legacy problems, which is
nothing but playing with risk. [17].
NoSQL is divided into 4 different types as Key Values,
Documents, Colum and Graphs. Each database has its It is usually assumed that target of migration knows the
own advantages. Selection of type is depending on the existing systems and support a same structure.
type of application and its requirement. Some of the However NoSql Query Stucture is harder to gain user
advantage of NoSQL which make it powerful is acceptance . Researcher Patrícia Cavoto observed in
Horizontal scaling, Demoralization, Replication. his research work that Complex Structer of relational
DB cause the complexity can be while performing a
NoSQL gives the benefit of time over relational data analysis in RDB. Also the relational models are
databases’ join queries by providing a feature of simple not as flexible as the graph model for data analysis[11]
graph traversal operation queries. We can store .some researchers found that relational database might
frequently required information in one table in NoSQL require very sophisticated and expensive operations
with its horizontal Scaling property. NoSQL also able also needs complex join operations to fetch required
to handle all the table Joins at application level. results in RDBMS which affect the performance and
Another feature of NoSQL is Data repetition is efficiency deterioration [15,16].
acceptable. This feature of NoSQL helps to improve
efficiency and execution speed of query. However In concern with rethinking and remodeling of data
tables are not related in NoSQL so we need to very migration which is essential part of almost every
careful and needs to synchronize the data while organization, While the migration of data from SQL

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2017 Page: 969
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470

between NoSQL developers need to think about how performance. i.e Data stored and the performance are
to represent your existing model in new database[18] it inversely proportional to each other. Effect of this is a
means mechanism for storage and retrieval of data are query becomes slower. But can we improve this ratio
designed in different way in both databases. by giving a power of Horizontal Scaling to SQL of
NoSQL is the key questions when discussing dataset
scalability.

REFRENCES
1. Computerworld “No to SQL” Anti-database
movement gains steam. June 2009. –
Figure 1: sql-vs-nosql-databases[21] http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9135086/
No_to_SQL_Anti_database_-
Power of SQL: movement_gains_steam.
ACID compliancy: ACID property is the best power of 2. J. Manyika, M. Chui, B. Brown, J. Bughin, R.
SQL which reduces anomalies and protects the Dobbs, C. Roxburgh, and A. H. Byers, “Big data:
integrity database . The next frontier for innovation, competition, and
productivity,” McKinsey Global Institute, pp
Security: In Handling of data in DBMSs security of
3. Couch DB - The Definitive Guide
data is important .In security concerns NoSQL
www.couchbase.com/ -binaries/content/assets/
databases loose his security by allowing permissions
website/ docs/ whitepapers
or access control in these systems are to be provided it
means it lacks the with the respect to Security as 4. Donald D. Chamberlin , Editor: Craig Partridge
compare to SQL. “Early History of SQL” IEEE Annals of the History
of Computing Published by the IEEE Computer
Limitations of SQL: Society 1058-6180/12/$31.00 2012 IEEE
Challenge of scalability and elasticity achievement is a 5. Frank Kalis, guest columnist,
huge related to the relational databases . Researcher SQLServerCentral.com edited and annotated by
also found that a small change to one table can cause Alan G. Labouseur “A Brief History of SQL”
changes across the system [20].It is observe that 6. Antro Salminen “ Introduction to NoSQL” NoSQL
response time of an SQL query changes with many Seminar 2012 @ TUT
factors. One of them is volume and Scalability. These
factors are also related to dependency of performance 7. R. Cattell. Scalable sql and nosql data stores.
the data volume [19] SIGMOD Rec., 39(4):12–27, May 2011.
8. C. Strozzi. Nosql relational database management
One another limitation of SQL is fixed set of columns
system. http://www.strozzi.it/cgi-bin/CSA/
which is not suitable for big data and hence there is a
tw7/I/en_US/NoSQL/HomePage, July 2012.
demand for non-relational databases. Leonardo Rocha
and et ,al; point out that Challenges in Migration: 9. Johannes Zollmann “NoSQL Databases” Chapter 1
Recontruction of Module Typeset August 20, 2012

Conclusion: 10. stackoverflow.com/questions/7782627/shifting-

from-sql-to-nosql-and-to-which-db.
From the survey we can conclude that – 11. Patrícia Cavoto “ReGraph: Bridging Relational and
a) existing softwares not only large and but also Graph Databases”. Thesis presented to the Institute
medium scale software applications are relye on of Computing of the University of Campinas,2016.
rlational database. 12. Patrícia Cavoto, Victor Cardoso, Régine Vignes-
Lebbe, and André Santanchè. Fish- Graph: A
b) Due to the variation in synatatical and storage Network-Driven Data Analysis. In 11th IEEE
structure of SQL and NoSQL thrir is problem of International Conference on e-Science, e-Science
migration. 2015, Munich, Germany, August 31 - September 4,
As amount of data stored in SQL has a impact on its pages 177–186, 2015.

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2017 Page: 970
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470

13. Patrícia Cavoto and André Santanchè. Annotation-

Based Method for Linking Local and Global
Knowledge Graphs. In Proceedings of the Brazilian
Seminar on Ontologies (ONTOBRAS 2015), São
Paulo, Brazil, September 8-11, 2015.
14. Patrícia Cavoto and André Santanchè. ReGraph:
Bridging Relational and Graph Databases. In
Proceedings of the 30th Brazilian Symposium on
Databases 2015 (SBBD, 2015), Demos and
Applications Session, 2015.
15. Adrian Silvescu, “Graph Databases” Manpreet Kaur
and Manpreet Singh “SQL2Neo : Moving Health-
care Data From Relational To Graph Databases”
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/28312837
5 July 2015
16. Oracal White paper “Successful Data Migration”
October 11 , oracal.com Copyright © 2011, Oracle
and/or its affiliates.
17. Gwen Shapira “On the Difficulty of Data
Migrations (Especially to NoSQL Databases) ” blog
Technical Track April 26, 2010.
18. Markus Winand “Response Time, Throughput and
Horizontal Scalability” blogpost - use-the-index-
luke A Gupde to database performance for
developers.
19. Matt Allen “Relational Databases Are Not
Designed For Scale”.
20. Hiring Headquarters “SQL vs. NoSQL Databases:
What’s the Difference” blog.upwork.com
21. Aaron Schram and Kenneth M. Anderson. Mysql to
nosql: Data modeling challenges in supporting
scalability. In ACM SPLASH ’12, pages 191–202,
2012.
22. Cansu Birgen “SQL vs NoSQL” theses-Norwegian
University of Science and Technology.Dept of
Chemical Engineering December 8, 2014

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2017 Page: 971