PELTON WHEEL

1.A pelton wheel is to be designed for the following specifications. power = 735.75kw, s.p. head
=200m, speed = 800 rpm, ηo=0.86 and jet diameter is not to exceed 1/10th of the wheel diameter .
Determine 1.wheel diameter 2.no jets required 3.dia of the jet. take cv=0.98 and sped ratio = 0.45
(Q.NO:2 ;Pg no:940; Book: fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines, Author: r.k.bansal; Publication :
laxmi publications) [Ans : (1)0.673m (2)2 (3)67.3mm ]

2. A pelton wheel is required to develop 9193.7 kw at the shaft when working under a head of
300m.Assuming the values of cv, ku(speed ratio) and m(=D/d) as 0.98, 0.45 and 12 respectively,
determine :1)The no. of jets

2)the dia of the wheel

3)quantity of water required

4)the dia of the jet

(Q.NO:5 ;Pg no:899; Book: fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines, Author: r.k.rajput; Publication :
s.chand & company ltd) [Ans : (1)7 (2)1.2m 3)3.68m3/s ]

3. A pelton wheel has a dia of 1.25m and operates under a net available head of 200m. The
characteristics of the installation are :Cv=0.98, N=250rpm, blade angle= 162°, blade friction
coefficient k= 0.96, dia of the jet d=10cm and mechanical efficiency=0.96. Dtermine the

1)power delivered to the shaft

2)hydraulic efficiency

3)specific speed

(Q.NO:16.14 ;Pg no:737; Book: theory and applications of fluid mechanics, Author: k.subramanya;
Publication : tata mc graw hills) [Ans : (1)650.8kw (2)71.83% (3)8.48]

FRANCIS TURBINE

4.A francis turbine with an ηo=70% is required to produce 147.15kw.It is working under a head of
8m.The peripheral velocity =0.30(2gh)1/2 and the radial velocity of flow at inlet is 0.96(2gh)1/2 .The
wheel runs at 200rpm and hydraulic losses in the turbine are 20% of the available energy. Assume
radial discharge, Determine (1)guide blade angle, (2)wheel vane angle at inlet,(3)dia of the wheel at
inlet,(4)width of wheel at inlet.

(Q.NO:11 ;Pg no:941; Book: fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines, Author: r.k.bansal; Publication :
laxmi publications) [Ans : (1)35°45' (2)42°54' (3)35.9cm(4)19.75cm]

5.A francis turbine has to be designed to develop 367.5kw under a head of H=70m while running at
750rpm. Ratio of width of runner to dia of runner n=0.1, inner dia is half the outer dia. Flow
ratio=0.15, hydraulic efficiency= 95%, mechanical efficiency=84%. 4% of the circumferential area of
runner to be occupied by the thickness of vanes , velocity of flow is constant and the discharge is
radial at exit. Calculate 1)dia of the wheel (2)quantity of water supplied (3)the guide vane angle at
inlet and runner vane angle at inlet and exit.

(Q.NO:18 ;Pg no:901; Book: fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines, Author: r.k.rajput; Publication :
s.chand & company ltd)

[Ans : (1)0.633m (2)0.67m3/s (3)α1=11°58',β 1=76°50',β2=24°5']

6.A francis turbine with an ηo=75% is required to produce 149.26kw . It is working under a head of
7.62m . The peripheral velocity =0.26(2gh)1/2 and the radial velocity of flow at inlet is
0.96(2gh)1/2.The wheel runs at 150rpm and hydraulic losses in the turbine are 22% of the available
energy. Assuming radial discharge. Determine (1)guide blade angle (2)wheel vane angle at inlet
(3)dia of wheel at inlet (4)width of wheel at inlet.

(Q.NO:19 ;Pg no:901; Book: fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines, Author: r.k.rajput; Publication :
s.chand & company ltd)

[Ans : (1)32.6° (2)37.7° (3)0.404m (4)0.17m]

KAPLAN TURBINE

7.A kaplan turbine working under a head of 15m develops 7357.5kw shaft power. The outer dia of
the runner is 4m and hub dia is 2m. The guide blade angle at the extreme edge of the runner is
30°.The ηo=85%, ηh=90%. If the velocity if the whirl is zero at outlet. Determine (1)runner vane angles
at inlet and outlet at the extreme edge of the runner, (2)speed of the turbine.

(Q.NO:13 ;Pg no:942; Book: fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines, Author: r.k.bansal; Publication :
laxmi publications) [Ans : (1)103°10',26°58.5' (2)58.5]

8.A kaplan turbine runner has an outer dia of 4.5m and an inner dia of 2m and develops 20000kw of
power while running at 140rpm. The head is known to be 20m. Assuming a ηh=85% find the
discharge through the turbine, the blade angle at the inlet and guide vane angle at inlet.

(Q.NO:16.9 ;Pg no:737; Book: theory and applications of fluid mechanics, Author: k.subramanya;
Publication : tata mc graw hills) [Ans : (1)120.17m3/s (2)59.3° (3)161.03°]

9.A kaplan turbine produce 44000kw under a head of 25m with an overall efficiency of 90%. Take
speed ratio =1.6, flow ratio = 0.5 and hub dia= 0.35 times of the outer dia. Find the dia and speed of
the turbine.

(Q.NO: 21.21 ;Pg no:1086 ; Book: hydraulic and fluid mechanics including hydraulic machines,
Author: p.n.modi, s.m.seth, Publication : Rajinder kumar jain)

[Ans : 5.11m,1324rpm]
 UNIT QUANTITIES

10. A turbine develops 7357.5kw s.p when running at 200rpm. the head on the turbine is 40m. If the
head on the turbine is reduced to 25m Determine the speed and power developed.

(Q.NO:17 ;Pg no:942; Book: fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines, Author: r.k.bansal; Publication :
laxmi publications) [Ans: 158.11,3635.34kw]

11.A francis turbine runner having a dia of 2.92m operates at 163.5rpm under 54m head and
develops 19900kw at an efficiency of 87% . Find the other characteristics if this turbine is operated
under 60m head .

(Q.NO: 22.3 ;Pg no:1129 ; Book: hydraulic and fluid mechanics including hydraulic machines, Author:
p.n.modi, s.m.seth, Publication : Rajinder kumar jain)

[ Ans: 172.3rpm , 45.51 m3/s , 23307kw]

12. A pelton wheel is revolving at a speed of 200rpm and develops 5886kw s.p when working under
a head of 200m with an overall efficiency of 80%. Determine unit speed , unit discharge and unit
power. The speed ratio for the turbine is given as 0.48. find the speed ,discharge and power when
this turbine is working under a head of 150m .

(Q.NO:18 ;Pg no:942; Book: fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines, Author: r.k.bansal; Publication :
laxmi publications) [Ans: 14.14, 0.265m3/s, 2.08kw, 173.2rpm, 3.247 m3/s, 3823kw,]

DIMENSION ANALYSIS - TURBINE

13. A model turbine has a runner of dia 0.61m. It develops 50kw under a head of 30m at a speed of
4000rpm . Compute Ns and Nu for this model. It is required to build a similar turbine to develop a
155kw under a head of 36m. Calculate the required dia .

(Q.NO: 22.11 ;Pg no:1129 ; Book: hydraulic and fluid mechanics including hydraulic machines,
Author: p.n.modi, s.m.seth, Publication : Rajinder kumar jain)

[ Ans: 402.85rpm , 730.3rpm, 0.937m]

14. A 1/4 scale turbine model is tested under a head of 12m. The prototype turbine is required to
work under a head of 30m at a speed of 425rpm. At what speed the model be run and if it develops
100kw and uses 1.14m3/s of water at this speed, what power will be obtained from the prototype
turbine, assuming that its efficiency is 3% better than that of the model. Also indicate the type of
runner used in this turbine.

(Q.NO: 22.12 ;Pg no:1129 ; Book: hydraulic and fluid mechanics including hydraulic machines,
Author: p.n.modi, s.m.seth, Publication : Rajinder kumar jain)

[ Ans: 402.85rpm , 730.3rpm, 0.937m]

(Q.NO: 22.15 ;Pg no:1130 ; Book: hydraulic and fluid mechanics including hydraulic machines,
Author: p.n.modi, s.m.seth, Publication : Rajinder kumar jain)

[ Ans: 774.6rpm,0.66m3/s,31.96kw,(Ns)p=482.3rpm, (Ns)m=456.1rpm]

DIMENSION ANALYSIS - PUMP

16.Two geometrically similar pumps are running at the same speed of 1000rpm. One pump has an
impeller dia of 0.30m and lifts water at the rate of 20 lps against a head of 15 m. Determine the head
and impeller dia of the other pump to deliver half the discharge.

(Q.NO:19.20 ;Pg no:974; Book: fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines, Author: r.k.bansal;
Publication : laxmi publications)

[Ans: 9.44m, 238mm]

17.The dia of a centrifugal pump, which is discharging 0.033/s of water against a total head of 20m is
0.40m. The pump is running at 1500rpm. Find the head, discharge and ratio of powers of a
geometrically similar pump of dia 0.25m when it is running at 3000rpm.

(Q.NO:19.21 ;Pg no:975; Book: fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines, Author: r.k.bansal;
Publication : laxmi publications)

[Ans:0.01465m3/s, 31.25m, 1.31]

18.The dia of a centrifugal pump, which is discharging 0.035m3/s of water against a total head of
25m is 0.05m. The pump is running at 1200rpm. Find the head, discharge and ratio of powers of a
geometrically similar pump of dia 0.3m when it is running at 2000rpm.

(Q.NO: 10 ;Pg no:991; Book: fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines, Author: r.k.bansal; Publication
: laxmi publications)

[Ans:25m, 0.0126m3/s,2.777]

DRAFT TUBE

19 .Determine the efficiency of a kaplan turbine developing 3000kw under a net head of 5m . it is
provided with a draft tube with its initial (diameter 3m ) set 1.6m above the tailrace level. A vacuum
gauge connected to the draft tube indicates a reading of 5m of water . assume draft tube efficiency
as 78%
(Q.NO: 21.13 ;Pg no:1067 ; Book: hydraulic and fluid mechanics including hydraulic machines,
Author: p.n.modi, s.m.seth, Publication : Rajinder kumar jain)

[Ans:93.55%]

20.A straight conical draft tube attached to a francis turbine as an inlet of dia 3m and its outlet area
is 20m2. the velocity of water at inlet is 5m/s. the inlet is set at 5m above the tail race level. Assuming
the losses of head in the draft tube equals half the velocity head at its outlet,

Determine:

1) the pressure head at the top of the draft tube

2) Total head at the top taking tail race level as datum

3)Power of water at outlet of runner

4)Power of water at the end of the draft tube

5) Power loss in the draft tube

(Q.NO: 21.16 ;Pg no:1071 Book: hydraulic and fluid mechanics including hydraulic machines, Author:
p.n.modi, s.m.seth, Publication : Rajinder kumar jain)

[ Ans : 1)-6.0355m 2)0.1591m 3)82.754kw 4) 55.158kw 5)27.596kw ]

21. A draft tube of a kaplan turbine has inlet dia 2.6m and inlet is at 2.9m above the tail race. When
the turbine develops 2100 metric horse power under a net head of 6.5m, it is found that the vaccum
gauge fitted at inlet to the draft tube indicates a negative head of 4m. if the turbine efficiency is
86%, Determine the draft tube efficiency. IF the turbine output is reduced to half with the same
head , speed and draft tube efficiency, what would be the reading of the vacuum gauge?
Atmospheric pressure is 10.3m of water and specific weight of water is 1000kg/m3

(Q.NO: 21.22 ;Pg no:1078 Book: hydraulic and fluid mechanics including hydraulic machines, Author:
p.n.modi, s.m.seth, Publication : Rajinder kumar jain)

[ Ans : 76.7%,-3.175m]

CAVITATION

22.At what height from water surface a centrifugal pump may be installed in the following case to
avoid cavitation whose atm. pressure is 101 kpa, vapour pressure is 2.34 kpa, inlet and other losses
in suction pipe 1.55m, effective head of pump is 52.5m, and cavitation parameter is ϭ=0.118

(Q.NO: 24.18 ;Pg no:1232; Book: hydraulic and fluid mechanics including hydraulic machines, Author:
p.n.modi, s.m.seth, Publication : Rajinder kumar jain)

[ Ans : 2.312m]
23. A centrifugal pump with critical cavitation number 0.12 is to installed at a location where the
barometric pressure and the vapour pressure are stated to be 95 kpa(abs) and 3 kpa(abs) resp. If the
pump duty is to deliver 0.15 m3/s of water against 25m head, determine the minimum value of
NPSH. Also calculate the max. allowable elevation , above the sump water surface at which the
pump can be setup. Take intake pipe friction equivalent to 0.25m.

(Q.NO:17.37 ;Pg no:17.52; Book: fluid mechanics and fluid power engineering, Author: d.s.kumar;
Publication : s.k.kataria sons)

[ Ans : 6.128m]

24.A centrifugal pump rotating at 1000 rpm delivers 160 lps of water against a head of 30m. The
pump is installed at a place where atm. pressure is 1*105 pa (abs.) and vapour pressure of water is
3 kpa (abs.). The head loss in suction pipe is equivalent to 0.2m of water.

Calculate:

a)minimum NPSH

b)maximum allowable height of the pump from free surface of water in the sump.

(Q.NO:19.24 ;Pg no:986; Book: fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines, Author: r.k.bansal;
Publication : laxmi publications)

[ Ans : 3.036m, 6.652m]