BUILDING CONSTRUCTION REPORT

TWO STORIES BUILDING DESIGN

PROGRAM INTERNASIONAL

Dian Ratri Cahyani [1606896981]

Sulthan Ridansyah A. [1606864670]
M. Ivan Farhan [1606862854]

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
DEPOK 2017
 PREFACE

In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful, we praise of His presence, which
had shown mercy to us, so that we can complete our paper about two stories building design.

The purpose of this paper is to fulfill our criteria to pass the Building Construction
assignment. This paper has been organized by us as good as we can. We also get some support
in a form of information from articles or other people that also contributed in the making of
this paper. Therefore, we express our gratitude to all of those who have helped us in any way.

Apart from all that, we are fully aware that there are still some shortcomings in terms
of sentence structure and grammar. Therefore, we welcome any comments and suggestions
from readers so that we can improve this paper.

Finally, we hope that this paper about two stories building design can be beneficial and
can inspire those who read this paper.

Depok, October 2017

2
 ABSTRACT

TWO STORIES BUILDING DESIGN

Most people spend at least half of their day inside their house. Based on DKI Jakarta Health
Profile, the result from annually monitoring done by the government in 2015 show that there
are 57.7% from 598,475 houses being sampled, categorized as a healthy house. It is believed
that the rising of human population in Jakarta is the main reason to the lack of suitable land for
living. In order to determine a house is considered healthy, a thorough and clear standard should
be referred to. We have surveyed several houses, and stumbled upon one particular house in
Depok, which is healthy but could have gotten some improvements. This house has two floors
and only connected with a non-permanent stair which was made from steel. There were no any
major improvements other than the stairs. The house could also add some greeneries and
maximize the small garden to plant.

3
 TABLE OF CONTENT

PREFACE 2
ABSTRACT 3
TABLE OF CONTENT 4
LIST OF FIGURES 5
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 6
I.1Background 6
I.2 Problem Analysis 6
I.3 Objectives 7
I.4 Scope of Problem 7
I.5 Benefits 7
I.6 Outlines 7
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 9
II.1 Healthy House 9
II.2 Two Stories Building 9
II.3 Requirements and Criteria 9
II.4 Standards and Regulations 12
II.5 Earthquake Prevention 14
CHAPTER III: SURVEY RESULTS 15
III.1 Method 15
III.2 Information of the Building 15
CHAPTER IV: RENOVATION PLAN 19
IV.1 Existing Building 19
IV.2 Proposed Renovations 22
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION 32
V.1 Conclusion 32
V.2 Suggestion 32
APPENDIX 33
REFERENCES 34

4
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. GSB and GSJ 13

Figure 2. More detailed picture of GSB and GSJ 13
Figure 3. Situational plan of the house 15
Figure 4. Front view of surveyed house 16
Figure 5. Garage has decent lighting and ventilation 16
Figure 6. The living room also has decent lighting and ventilation 16
Figure 7. Steel stairs for going to the second floor 17
Figure 8. Storage room and the corridor 17
Figure 9. The bedroom on second floor, notice the seepage 18
Figure 10. Floor plan of the house 20
Figure 11. The front view of the house 21
Figure 12. Proposed floor plan 23
Figure 13. Section of the permanent stairs 24
Figure 14. Section of the permanent stairs 24
Figure 15. Front view of the house with shorter ceiling on the second floor 25
Figure 16. Roof plan 26
Figure 17. Detailed parts of the roof 26
Figure 18. Foundation plan 27
Figure 19. Sectional views of the foundation 27
Figure 20. Door details (1) 28
Figure 21. Door details (2) 29
Figure 22. Window details 29
Figure 23. Doors and windows plan 30
Figure 24. Electrical installation 31
Figure 25. Water and piping installation 31

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

I.1 Background
Most people spend at least half of their day inside their house. Back in the day, the main
purpose of a house has been to provide people with such basics to keep out the animals and a
roof to keep out rain. As knowledge in health has increased, people added some vent to let in
fresh air and to let out smoke. By the year of 1800s, health officials worldwide had learnt that
to help prevent disease, a house had to have clean water and waste management.
Based on DKI Jakarta Health Profile, the result from annually monitoring done by the
government in 2015 show that there are 57.7% from 598,475 houses being sampled,
categorized as a healthy house. Considering Jakarta is the fast growing city, it is believed that
the rising of human population in Jakarta is the main reason to the lack of suitable land for
living. The community also is one of the main factor which determine the hygiene and
environmental sanitation condition. A healthy house is not always considered as large and
luxurious, instead it is a normal sized house that was built by the regulation. A healthy house
is determined from the physical, chemical and biological aspect.
In order to determine a house is considered healthy, a thorough and clear standard should
be referred to. Referring to Indonesia Department of Health in 2002, there are a lot of standards
that needs to be met for a house to be considered healthy. Only by fulfilling those requirements,
a house can be considered healthy. However, in this paper, the house that we were looking for
is the one that consists of two stories. Though, most of two-story building nowadays can
already be considered healthy, there are several improvements that can be added to the house.
These improvements include the technical, aesthetic, and functional aspect of the house.

I.2 Problem Analysis

There are varieties of housing types, including the shape and the style of the house in each
regions of community, this is caused by a few factors, which are:
1. Community social economic status, marked by revenue, availability of building
materials. It is clear there are healthier houses can be found in a prosperous social
economic area compared to the low economic status area.

6
 2. Environmental factors, there are quite a big difference between houses in major
cities compared to houses in rural areas. This is mainly caused by the differences of
environmental condition including the surrounding environments, public facilities
access, social condition and education.
3. The diversity of culture in Indonesia also can be the factor of the difference housing
style. Each region has their own culture which influences the housing style and
materials on each region.

I.3 Objectives
The purpose of making this paper are:
- To be able to analyze the condition of a house based on the measurement and
visualization in order to draw the house.
- To share information for public consumption, therefore the society can understand
and learn about healthy house and its benefits.
- To provide suggestions of the renovated house based on the regulation.
- To understand the definition, requirements, criteria and standards of a healthy
house.
- To fulfill Building Construction assignment.

I.4 Scope of Problem

This paper is limited to the standard of a healthy two-story house with, the house observation
and the suggestion on the renovated house based on the standard.

I.5 Benefits
The benefits that could be taken from this paper are:
- Being able to describe and implement healthy house.
- Obtain more knowledge about building construction.
- Being able to apply the guide for future implementation.

I.6 Outline
PREFACE
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
LIST OF FIGURES

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LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
I.1Background
I.2 Problem Statement
I.3 Objectives
I.4 Scope of Problem
I.5 Benefits
I.6 Outlines
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
II.1 Two Stories Building
II.2 Criteria for Healthy House
II.3 Standards and Regulations
II.4 Earthquake Prevention
CHAPTER III: SURVEY RESULTS
III.1 Method
III.2 Information of the Building
CHAPTER IV: RENOVATION PLAN
IV.1 Existing Building
IV.2Proposed Renovations
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION
V.1 Conclusion
V.2 Suggestion
APPENDIX
REFERENCES

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 CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW

II.1 Healthy House

Referring to Indonesia Housing and Residential Service (2008), a healthy house is a place
to live which satisfy the requirements and health provisions that must be met in order to protect
the residents from risk or health problems, thus allow the residents to obtain optimal health
status. Moreover, WHO (2004) states that a house can be interpreted as a place to take cover,
stay and take rest, thus resulting life which impeccable socially, physically and spiritually.

II.2 Two Stories Building

According to the definition, two stories building is a building that have two floors or levels.
Two stories building usually in houses that are in residences and shops. And also, two stories
building is cost higher and more than one stories building. More materials needed to build two
stories building. Besides that, two stories building have many benefits than just regular one
floor building, owner of two stories building have many spaces and many more.

II.3 Criteria for Healthy House

These are some criteria according to several sources that we cited from Kementerian
Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat’s article.

II.3.1 According to Winslow and APHA

Healthy settlements defined as a place to stay permanently. Serves as a place to settle, rest,
recreation (recreation) and as a shelter from environmental influences that meet the
requirements of physiological, psychological, and free from disease transmission.
Formulation issued by the American Public Health Association (APHA), the requirement of
a healthy home must meet the following criteria
1. Meet the physiological needs. Among other things, the lighting, atmosphere and
enough room to maneuver, to avoid disturbing noise.
2. Meet the psychological needs. Among other things, sufficient privacy, healthy
communication between family members and residents.
3. Meet the requirements of the prevention of disease transmission between the
residents, namely the provision of clean water, management of human waste and
household wastewater, free of disease vectors and rodents, residential density is

9
 excessive, sufficient sunlight in the morning, sheltered food and drink from
contamination.
4. Meet the requirements of prevention of accidents, whether arising due to
circumstances outside and inside the home, which are the border of the road, the
construction of which is not easy to collapse, non-flammable, and does not tend to
make the occupants skids.

II.3.2 According to Indonesia Health Minister Decree no. 892/Menkes/SK/VII/1999

The requirements for a healthy house are as follows:
1. Building materials
The building is not built from materials that may release substances that can
be harmful to health, detailed as follows:
- Dust, of total less than 150 mg per square meter;
- Asbestos fiber, less than 0.5 per cubic over 24 hours;
- Lead (Pb), less than 300 mg per kilogram of material;
- Materials that can be grown and be the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.
2. Components and arrangement of the room
The components and arrangement of the room are as follows:
- The floors are waterproof and easy to clean;
- Walls are ventilated, particularly in bathroom and laundry room are waterproof
and easy to clean;
- Ceiling is easy to clean and is not prone to accidents;
- The ridge of the house is 10 m maximum and have lightning rod(s);
- The room is set in accordance with the function and purpose;
- Kitchen must have a means of exhaust fumes.
3. Lighting
Natural lighting and artificial lighting, directly or indirectly can illuminate
the whole room with a minimum of 60 lux (light intensity) and does not dazzle.
4. Air quality
The quality of the air inside the house are as follows:
- Comfortable air temperature, between 18-30C;
- Humidity, between 40-70%;
- SO2 gas is less than 0.10 ppm per 24 hours;

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 - Air exchange 3 to 5 times per minute for each occupant;
- CO gas is less than 100 ppm per 8 hours;
- Formaldehyde gas is less than 120 mg per cubic meter.
5. Ventilation
Extensive permanent natural ventilation holes, at least 10% of floor space.
6. Disease vector
No flies, mosquitoes or rats are nesting in the house.
7. Water supply
Provides clean water supply facilities with a capacity of at least 60 liters per
person per day; The water quality must meet the health requirements of clean water
and or water according Permenkes Kepmenkes 416 in 1990 and 907 in 2002.
8. Waste disposal
- Liquid waste from households that do not pollute water sources, odorless, and
does not contaminate the soil surface;
- Solid waste must be managed properly therefore it does not cause smell, do not
pollute the ground and groundwater.
9. Residential density
Spacious bedroom at least 8 square meters, and it is recommended not to be
slept in more than two people.

II.3.3 According to the Directorate General of Cipta Karya, 1997

Components to be possessed a healthy house is:
- A strong foundation to continue building loads to the subgrade, giving the stability of
the building, and is the liaison between the construction of buildings to the ground;
- Floor watertight and not humid, minimum 10 cm high and 25 cm from the front yard
of the road, water repellents, to a house on stilts can be made of boards or bamboo;
- Having windows and doors for ventilation and sunlight with a minimum area of 10%
of floor space;
- The wall is watertight serves to support or support the roof, against the wind and rain,
protect from heat and dust from the outside, as well as maintaining the confidentiality
(privacy) inhabitants;
- Ceiling to contain and absorb the hot sun, a minimum of 2.4 m from the floor, can be
from board material, bamboo, plywood or gypsum;

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 - Roof of the house that serves as a thermal barrier to sunlight and protect the ingress of
dust, wind and rain.

II.4 Standards and Regulations

In Indonesia, there are standards and regulations of a healthy house and this regulations
and standards are divided based on the area of the house. Based on the Peraturan Daerah Kota
Depok No. 2 Tahun 2009, the standards and regulations are as the following:
a. Building’s basic coefficient/Koefisien Dasar Bangunan (KDB)
A ratio between area of the lowest floor of the building with the total area of the land
where the building is built.
b. Building’s outer coefficient/Koefisien Luar Bangunan (KLB)
A ratio between area of a particular floor of the building with the total area of the land
the building is built. Based on Perda Depok No. 03/2006, the coefficient of basement
and the lowest floor is 1.200 and 1.000 while the 1st floor has a coefficient of 1.090
with an increase of 0.030 for every floor higher than the 1st floor.
c. Road’s border line/Garis Sempadan Jalan (GSJ)
GSJ is an imaginary area from the side of a road to the length that has been determined
by someone who has ownership of the road. For example, GSJ of one road is 2 m means,
the 2 m after the side of the road can be used by the owner of the road for road
construction and others.
d. Building’s border line/Garis Sempadan Bangunan (GSB)
GSB is an imaginary line that limits the area permitted to be built a building. For
instance, a 3 m of GSB means 3 m from the side of the road may not be built by any
building, this area functions for greening, water absorption region, etc.
e. Sideline allowance gap/Garis Jarak Bebas Samping (GJBS)
For a house that does not stick to the house beside it, there must be a gap between the
outer wall of the building and the wall at the yard. The gap can be calculated as 2x of
the distance between GSB and GSJ.
f. Back line allowance gao/Garis Jarak Bebas Belakang (GJBB)
This imaginary line is a minimum distance between the outer wall at the backside of
the building with the wall at the backyard. The backyard maybe built with anything as
long as it is not cramping the backyard which has a function to stop fire to spread, give
a space for air exchange and natural lightning, etc.
g. Ratio between the building area and the occupants

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 The ratio is between the space of occupant needs with the total area of the building. For
example, the total area of bedroom that 1 person needs is 3 m2 or 8 m2 for 2 people
except, baby under 5 years. For 1 person, the total area that is needed is at least 10 m2;
therefore, we can calculate how much the area of the building that is needed according
to the numbers of people living in it.

Figure 1 GSB and GSJ

Figure 2 more detailed picture of GSB and GSJ

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II.5 Earthquake Prevention
Experience in the past earthquakes has demonstrated that many common buildings and and
typical methods of construction lack basic resistance to earthquake forces. In real situation, this
resistance can be achieved by following simple, inexpensive principles of good building
practice. Following these simple rules will not prevent all damage, but life threatening
collapses should be prevented. These principles is defined into several categories:
- Planning and layout of the building involving consideration of the location of rooms
and walls, openings such as doors and windows, the number of stories, etc. At this
stage, site and foundation aspects should also be considered.
- Lay out and general design of the structural framing system with special attention to
furnishing lateral resistance.
- Consideration of highly loaded and critical sections with provision of reinforcement as
required.
According to Kementrian PU - Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pemukiman, these are
the requirements in order to build an earthquake resistance house;
a. Build on a flat and has an equal solidity surface
b. The map of the building is better to be simple, symmetrical and even
c. A column must be built for every 12 m2 area of a wall
d. Beams should be tied tightly to the columns
e. All building frame must be tied together tightly and rigidly
f. Use lumber material for the roof frame and must be tied tightly and rigidly
g. Materials used for walls must be as light as possible and tied together to the column
h. When using brick materials, materials must not produce sound when crashed into each
other
i. Plaster material should use the standard formula
j. Have structural and non-structural parts that are tied together tightly and rigidly

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 CHAPTER III
OBSERVATION AND RESULT

III.1 Method
Finding a two-story building was not difficult since most houses in Depok are a two-story
building. We are using one of our member’s house as a sample. The house is located nearby
our campus.

III.2 Existing Condition of the Building

Our group’s house is located at Rumah Mungil 1 blok A4, Pesona Khayangan Estate, Jl.
Ir. H. Juanda, Depok (Look at Figure 3) Fig 3. It took us around 20 minutes to get there from
Universitas Indonesia. The house has a land area of 247,5 m2 and the building area of 160 m2.
The house consisted of 4 bedrooms, 4 bathrooms, a living room, a kitchen, a dining area, a
garage, a carport, a small garden, a storage, and a backyard.









Figure 3. Situational plan of the house, house is at the point

Observing the surrounding area of the house, the environment has already met a few
standards of a healthy house. The house has a drainage and water disposal where is not prone
to disaster. The road that goes pass the house has met the standards of the healthy house. From
the front view (see Figure 4), we observed that the house didn’t have any side, because it’s
very dense, so there is no side view.

15
 Figure 4. Front view of surveyed house

Inside the house, since it is located in a gated community, all of the rooms already in good
condition. In the first floor, each room has a decent amount of ventilation and a decent amount
of lighting from the outside, including the garage. (Look at Figure 5, Figure 6, and Figure 7).








Figure 5. Garage has decent lighting and ventilation

Figure 6. The living room also has decent lighting and ventilation

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 To go to the second floor there is a stairs that made from steel on the garage (Look at Figure
8). This stairs is considered non permanent, since it can be removed and not made from
concrete. This steps of the stairs are quite high and a little narrow, making it very dangerous to
step on. On the second floor, there is one bedroom, one bathroom, a storage room, and a laundry
room. All of it also has decent lighting and ventilation. However, we can see that the bedroom
has seepage on the right corner (Look at Figure 9, and Figure 10).

Figure 7. Steel stairs for goint to the second floor

Figure 8. Storage room and the corridor

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 Figure 9. The bedroom on second floor, notice the seepage

Rumah Mungil 1 blok A4, Pesona Khayangan Estate, Jl.

Address
Ir. H. Juanda, Depok
Building Area 247,5 m2
Height of the
160 m
House
Number of Rooms 14

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 CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS AND IMROVEMENT PROPOSALS

IV.1 House Analysis

IV.1.1 External Aspects
The external aspects of the house, this includes accessibility of the house to the public road.
It is an important aspect since it covers the entire thing that is affecting both the people inside
the house and the infrastructure of the house itself to the surrounding environment.
From the house, the house is located not very far from the main road and it is located at
“Rumah Mungil residences”. The distance is about 15 m from the main road. The house itself
is located at Jl. Ir. H. Juanda area, which is not very far to our campus. Furthermore, the
surrounding of the house is good enough in terms of environment. When we visited the house,
the surrounding area around the house is in good maintenance since it is located in a gated area.
However, the outer paint of the house was a little flaking off.
The fences of the house are very low considering the house is located in a safe residence.
As far as our concern, there was no major improvements needed for the external aspects of the
house. Though, the small garden that is located on the front of the house was empty. There was
grass, but it could not be considered ‘green’, since there were not any plants planted, other than
grass. Moving on to the backyard of the house. The owner of the house used to have a fishpond
in the backyard, but they had removed it by covering it up with cement. There were not any
plants or even grass in the backyard. The backyard is covered with ceramic tiles. Aesthetically
speaking, it looks fine and rather beautiful, but there is one thing missing: plants.

IV.1.2 Internal and Physical Aspects

The internal and physical aspects are aspects that are important just like the external
aspects. Internal refers to the inside look on the framework of the infrastructure of the house,
while physical refers to the appearance and condition of things and properties inside the
infrastructure of the house. Internal and physical aspects consist of space organization, building
utility and quality. These aspects are very important since a healthy house is not just a house
that has a perfect look from the outside, but it also has an outstanding look on the inside of the
house that can gives senses of comfort for people to live in.
In the house, the area is considered big enough. On the first floor, it consists of 3 bedrooms,
3 bathrooms, a spacious living room, a kitchen, a dining area, a garage, a carport, a garden, and
backyard (see figure 10). The living room which connected to the dining area are great for

19
having many people around, it has a great ventilation and air circulation. There is a big glass
folded door which connects to the backyard. Two bedrooms on the first floor have its own
bathroom inside the room, while the other one has one bathroom which located outside of the
room. These three rooms were in good condition in terms of the infrastructure.
Moving on to the kitchen, the kitchen is small and when we got inside of the kitchen, the
kitchen felt damped since there was no any ventilation in the kitchen. The only ventilation
comes from the garage and the dining area.

Figure 10. Existing floor plan of the house

On the second floor, there are one bedroom, one bathroom, a storage, and a room to do
laundry. The bedroom and laundry room are equipped with enough ventilation. It can be seen
as we entered the room, the rooms were bright and did not felt damped. However, the hallway
that connects each room was stale and the floor was wet. We would consider the hallway is
narrow since when we were there, it was very difficult to move around on the second floor.
Other thing that we noticed on the second floor, is that the ceiling is rather high compare to the
first floor (see figure 11).
Unfortunately, the house was still using non-permanent stairs to connect each floor. A non-
permanent stair is made from steel and the steps on the stairs were narrow and the distance

20
between each steps are too high. It could be dangerous to step on. The stairs were also very
steep, considering it is not permanent stairs.

Figure 11. The front view of the house, it can be seen that the ceiling on the 2nd floor is
considered high

IV.1.3 Technical Aspects

Looking from the materials that are used to build the house, the wall structure of the house
is made from bricks and covered in plaster, which meets the standard of good housing
materials. The roof of the house is well-built which makes the house covered in daylight. The
size of the house is very suitable for fulfilling the requirements as a healthy house. The house
is surrounded by several other houses, which comes in same sizes because it is located in a
residence.
The house technically has fulfilled the regulation and criterion of a construction in Depok.
Since the house is glued to the surrounding houses, it is necessary for the house to have its own
constructed wall. When we expected the house, the house has its own constructed wall which
separates one house from another.
One more thing, the house has little separated roof that divides one room to another. When
we inspected the house, the roof was quite difficult to be discovered. This is because the second
floor was built not in the same time as the first floor. The second floor was built with an
intention to expand the house. The second floor does not have much function as the first floor.

21
 IV.1.4 Room Aspects and Its Function
We could analyze that each room were built to help the inhabitants doing their daily
activities. For example, there are 4 bedrooms that are used for rest and sleep, there are 4
bathrooms that are used for shower, there is also a living room which connects to the dining
area where they spent mostly of their time in the house in this room, there is a kitchen which
is used for cooking, there is garage and carport that can accommodate to park 2 cars, there is a
backyard and a small garden on the front, and there is also a storage for storing unused or old
stuff.
On the first floor, the living room, dining area, kitchen, and the garage (and carport) are
used accordingly to its function. There are 3 bedrooms on the first floor, 2 of which are used
by the inhabitants, and the other one is kept furnished but not inhabited. This room is used for
guests, however, the room is currently being functioned as a ‘clean’ storage (see figure 10).
Furthermore, on to the second floor, each room were used accordingly to its function.

IV.2 Home Improvement Proposal

IV.2.1 External Aspects
Even though the house is considered healthy, there are still some improvements needed. It
may not be major in the external aspects of the house. When we inspected the house, we saw
some paint on the front exterior of the house flaking off. We would like to suggest to repaint
the exterior part of the house.
The small garden on the front could also be added some improvements. The garden only
has grass covering the soil, and no other standing plants are being found. We would like to
suggest to plant some plants, just to add some greeneries and aesthetical aspect to the house. A
garden in the house is great, but maximizing the land itself is even greater.
Moving on to the backyard. The owner told us that they used to have a fishpond at the
backyard, but they had covered the fishpond with cement. The entire backyard is covered with
tiles, which is beautiful. However, since the owner does not have a fishpond anymore, we
thought that the backyard is lacking on the greeneries. We would like to suggest to convert the
unused cement-covered fishpond to be a vertical garden. Not only the garden would add some
freshness to the house, it also would add aesthetical value to the house.

IV.2.2 Internal and Physical Aspects

When we inspected the house, the house, we are sure, are constructed based on the
regulations and criterion. On the first floor, the living room and dining area are perfectly

22
constructed and are still in a good condition. There were not any seepages seen inside each
room. Going to the kitchen, since the only ventilation for the kitchen comes from the garage
and the dining area, we would suggest to install a ventilation in the kitchen. Using an exhauster
on top of the stove would help so much with the air circulation.
The stairs are the major concern of this house improvement. We would like to suggest to
change the non-permanent stairs to the permanent one, because steel stairs are usually used as
a secondary stairs and put in the back of the house. These stairs are supposed to connect two
floors, then a permanent concrete stairs are needed (see figure 13 and 14). Since the non-
permanent stairs are located outside the kitchen or the main room of the house, thus, making it
unsafe in terms of security (see figure 10), we would like to suggest to make the permanent
stairs and a wall that keeps the stairs located in the same room as the main rooms of this house
(see figure 12).

Figure 12. Proposed floor plan

23
 Figure 13. Section of the permanent stairs

Figure 14. Section of the permanent stairs

Moving on to the second floor, since the hallway does not fully accommodate for many
people to move around, we would like to suggest to add an extra more room that can be used

24
as a family room. This room will add more space for people to move around. There will be a
ventilation installed on this room. Our decision in choosing a glass ventilation rather than a full
size window is because the family room is facing the right side (see figure 15) which is directly
facing the next house, thus does not fully give privacy for the owner.
The next thing is the high ceiling of the second floor. We thought that the ceiling is rather
high compare to the height of standard normal house. We would like to suggest to lower the
ceiling to 3 m so it has the same height as the first floor.

Figure 15. Front view of the house with shorter ceiling on the second floor

The improvement on the second floor affected the structure of the roof frame. We are
suggesting to have a gable roof covering the entire second floor and both a combination of hip
and gable and two shed roofs. These improvements can be seen on figure 12 where the roof is
represented by dash lines. However, a much more detailed look on the roof improvement can
be seen on these figures below (figure 15 and 17).

25

Figure 16. Roof plan

Figure 17. Detailed parts of the roof

IV.2.3 Technical Aspects

Since the house has already fulfilled the regulations and criterion of a healthy house as well
as local regulation, we thought there is not much improvements technically. Our concern was
that the house is glued to the surrounding houses, but then when we saw it, the house has its
own constructed wall, thus the house is not entirely attached to the surrounding house. The

26
foundation of the house, we believe, has met the standard since it is a well-established house.
The foundation plan of the house and its section are can be seen in figure 18 and 19 below.

Figure 18. Foundation plan of the house

Figure 19. Sectional view of the foundation

27
 Since we are suggesting to expand more room on the second floor, the main roof structure
on the first floor has to be reconstructed. We would like to suggest to make a simpler roof
structure that covers the main room (living room and dining area) and a separated half roof that
covers bedroom number 3, this improvement can be seen on figure 12 where the roof is
represented by dash lines.

IV.2.4 Room Aspects and Its Function

Each room in this house has been functioning accordingly. However, several rooms on the
second floor have a seepage on their ceiling. It happens because the second floor is directly
exposed to the environment. We would like to suggest to change the ceiling in order for the
seepage to eradicate. Several doors and windows are being replaced since they were not
sufficient enough on giving light and air. We also added a ventilation in the family room on
the second floor. The improvement on the doors and windows are can be seen on these figures
below (figure 20, 21, 22) as well as its plan (figure 23).

Figure 20. Door details (1)

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 Figure 21. Door details (2)

Figure 22. Window details

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 Figure 23. Doors and windows plan

Since the structure of the second floor is slightly changed, the electrical installation of the
house must change too. The improved electrical installation can be seen on the figure below
(figure 24). On the contrary, the water and piping installation does not change at all since the
the bathroom has not been removed or displaced (figure 25). For more detailed improvement
of the house, see the appendix.

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 Figure 24. Electrical installation

Figure 25. Water installation

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 CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

V.1 Conclusion
The house that we observe is located in Pesona Khayangan Residence, Depok, with an
land area of 247,5m2 and building area of 160m2. Since it’s a house that build by private
companies, so all of the building standard has been fulfilled. However, there still some
problems, such as the seepage on the room on second floor, and also the design of the building
that can’t maximize the uses of the area.

V.2 Suggestion
From our observation and proposed drawing, there are some suggestion to improve the
house:
• Repainting the house as some of the paint flaking off.
• Adding more greeneries, as the house is lack of it.
• Change the non-permanent stairs to the permanent one, because steel stairs are usually
used as a secondary stair and put in the back. Since the non-permanent stairs are located
outside the kitchen or the main room of the house, thus, making it unsafe in terms of
security
• Make the second floor add an extra more room that can be used as a family room. This
room will also add more space for people to move around.
• We thought that the ceiling is rather high compare to the height of standard normal
house. We would like to suggest to lower the ceiling so it has the same height as the
first floor.
• We would like to suggest to make a simpler roof structure.

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 APPENDIX

• Existing floor plan of the house

• Situational plan and multi-view of the existing house (front, side, back)
• Floor plan of the proposed house
• Multi-view of the proposed house (front, side, back)
• Sectional views of the proposed house
• Foundation plan with sectional views
• Detail of stairs structure
• Roof plan of the proposed house
• Detail of roof structure
• Doors and windows plan of the proposed house
• Detailed doors
• Detailed windows and ventilations
• Electrical installation
• Water and piping installation
• Septic tank detail

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 REFERENCES

• Ching, Francis D.K. 2014. Building Construction Illustrated Fifth Edition. Canada:
Wiley.

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