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Formal Lab Report 2

The document summarizes an experiment to determine: 1) The heat capacity of a coffee cup calorimeter, which was found to be 368.2706 J/K. 2) The enthalpy of fusion of water, which was found to be 6167.1399 J/mol, with a 2.60% error compared to the accepted value of 6010.571 J/mol. The experiment involved measuring temperature changes when hot water or ice was added to the calorimeter to calculate these values.

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Bren Sison
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© © All Rights Reserved
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277 views

Formal Lab Report 2

The document summarizes an experiment to determine: 1) The heat capacity of a coffee cup calorimeter, which was found to be 368.2706 J/K. 2) The enthalpy of fusion of water, which was found to be 6167.1399 J/mol, with a 2.60% error compared to the accepted value of 6010.571 J/mol. The experiment involved measuring temperature changes when hot water or ice was added to the calorimeter to calculate these values.

Uploaded by

Bren Sison
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BAS

Heat Capacity of a Coffee Cup Calorimeter and


the Enthalpy of Fusion of Water
John Darren E. Casidlac, Kris Marielle H. Maliwat, Robert Kier L. Montealegre,
Bren A. Sison, Ma. Lara Angela B. Yumul

Abstract – For this experiment, the heat capacity of calorimeter and enthalpy of fusion of water
was determined using a coffee cup calorimeter. The heat capacity of the calorimeter was
determined to be 368.2706 J/K. The computed enthalpy of fusion of water was 6167.1399 J/mol,
with a percentage error of 2.60% based on the accepted enthalpy of fusion of water equal to
6010.571 J/mol.

Introduction of cool water, and cwater is the specific heat


capacity of water (4.184 J/g°C).
According to the First Law of
Thermodynamics, energy is constant, cannot The coffee cup calorimeter can also
be created nor destroyed, only transform to be used to determine the enthalpy of fusion of
another form of energy. [1] ice. The enthalpy of fusion of ice can be
determined using:
∆𝐸𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 + ∆𝐸𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 = 0
𝑞𝑖𝑐𝑒 = −(𝑞𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 + 𝑞𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 )
Calorimetry is the study of heat = −[𝑚𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑇𝑓
transfer during physical and chemical
− 𝑇𝑖(𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟) ) + 𝐶𝑝 (𝑇𝑓
processes. A calorimeter is a device used for
measuring energy transferred as heat. The − 𝑇𝑖(𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟) )]
coffee cup calorimeter is the most common where
device for measuring the heat capacity of a 𝑞𝑖𝑐𝑒 = 𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑒 (𝑇𝑓 − 𝑇𝑖(𝑖𝑐𝑒) ) + ∆𝑓𝑢𝑠 𝐻
substance. [2] The basic equation is:
−𝑞ℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑞𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 + 𝑞𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
Experimental
The heat capacity of the coffee cup
calorimeter can be determined using: Using a hot plate, 200 mL of distilled
water was heated to boiling in a 500 mL
𝐶𝑝 = [−𝑚ℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑐𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑇𝑓 − 𝑇𝑖(ℎ𝑜𝑡) ) beaker. Two Styrofoam coffee cups were
+ 𝑚𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑙 𝑐𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑇𝑓 placed in a 250 mL beaker and a 4” x 4” piece
− 𝑇𝑖(𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑙) )]/(𝑇𝑓 − 𝑇𝑖(𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑙) ) of cardboard with a thermometer-fitted hole
at the center was placed on its top.
where Cp is the heat capacity of the
calorimeter, mhot is the mass of hot water, About 40 g of distilled water was
mcool is the mass of cool water, Tf is the final weighed, recorded, and added to the top
temperature, Ti(hot) is the initial temperature Styrofoam cup. The calorimeter was covered
of hot water, Ti(cool) is the initial temperature with cardboard with the inserted
thermometer. The whole bulb of thermometer

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BAS

was made sure to be immersed in the water. the mixture was determined to be 316 K. The
Five minutes were waited before recording Cp of the calorimeter can be calculated using
the temperature of the water. the formula 𝐶𝑝 = [−𝑚ℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑐𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑇𝑓 −
40 mL of hot water was poured into 𝑇𝑖(ℎ𝑜𝑡) ) + 𝑚𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑙 𝑐𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑇𝑓 − 𝑇𝑖(𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑙) )]/
250 mL beaker, then weighed and recorded. (𝑇𝑓 − 𝑇𝑖(𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑙) ) which is equal to 368.2706
The initial temperature of the hot water was J/K.
measured. Immediately, the hot water was
poured into the calorimeter and covered with
the lid. B. Enthalpy of Fusion of Ice

After adding the hot water into the Weight of water 40.6871 g
calorimeter, the temperature was measured. Ti (water) 299.3333 K
The temperature was recorded every minute Weight of ice 11.5859 g
for 5 minutes while the calorimeter was Ti (ice) 277.3333 K
gently swirled. The final temperature of the Tf 282.5333 K
mixture was determined by extrapolation of ΔfusH 6167.1399 J/mol
plot of temperature (y-axis) against time (x-
axis). After determining the Cp of the
To determine the heat of fusion of calorimeter, the enthalpy of fusion of water
water, the same steps were redone, except was calculated. Using the formula for ΔfusH,
that instead of using hot water, a known the experimental enthalpy of fusion of water
amount (2-3 cubes) of ice was added to the was 6167.1399 J/mol. The accepted value of
calorimeter. enthalpy of fusion of water is 333.55 J/g. [4]
Multiplying this value by the molecular
weight of water (18.02 g/mol), the accepted
value of enthalpy of fusion of water in J/mol
Results and Discussion
is equal to 6010.571 J/mol. Using the
A. Heat Capacity of the Calorimeter experimental and accepted values of enthalpy
of fusion of water, the percentage error
The specific heat of water and ice was
calculated was 2.60%.
checked in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry
and Physics and was recorded to be 4.184 J/g- The accepted value of enthalpy of
K and 2.03 J/g-K, respectively. [3] fusion of water indicates that 333.55 J of heat
must be absorbed by the water to convert 1 g
Weight of water 41.4472 g
of ice at 0°C to 1 g of water at 0°C. [5]
Ti (water) 293 K
Conversely, when 1 g of water at 0°C freezes
Weight of hot water 36.39 g
Ti (hot water) 345.3333 K to give 1 g of ice at 0°C, 334 J of heat will be
Tf 316 K released to the surroundings.
Cp 368.2706 J/K

By extrapolation of plot of
temperature vs. time, the final temperature of

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BAS

Calculations B. Enthalpy of Fusion of Ice


A. Heat Capacity of the Calorimeter Mean weight of water
Mean weight of water = (weight1 + weight2 +
Mean weight of water weight3) / 3
Mean weight of water = (weight1 + weight2 + Mean weight of water = (40.0752 g + 40.3390
weight3) / 3 g + 40.8621 g) / 3 = 40.6871 g
Mean weight of water = (41.4310 g + 41.4551
g + 41.4555 g) / 3 = 41.4472 g Mean Ti (water)
Mean Ti (water) = (Ti water1 + Ti water2 + Ti
Mean Ti (water) water3) / 3
Mean Ti (water) = (Ti water1 + Ti water2 + Ti Mean Ti (water) = (293 K + 298 K + 303 K)
water3) / 3 / 3 = 299.3333 K
Mean Ti (water) = (293 K + 293 K + 293 K)
/ 3 = 293 K Mean weight of ice
Mean weight of ice = (weight1 + weight2 +
Mean weight hot of water weight3) / 3
Mean weight of hot water = (weight1 + Mean weight of ice = (12.6706 g + 11.0812 g
weight2 + weight3) / 3 + 14.0058 g) / 3 = 11.5859 g
Mean weight of hot water = (33.80 g + 39.65
g + 35.72 g) / 3 = 36.39 g Mean Ti (ice)
Mean Ti (ice) = (Ti ice1 + Ti ice2 + Ti ice3) / 3
Mean Ti (hot water) Mean Ti (ice) = (273 K + 277 K + 278 K) / 3
Mean Ti (hot water) = (Ti hot water1 + Ti hot = 277.3333 K
water2 + Ti hot water3) / 3
Mean Ti (hot water) = (345 K + 348 K + 343 Mean Tf
K) / 3 = 345.3333 K Mean Tf= (Tf 1 + Tf 2 + Tf 3) / 3
Mean Tf = (282.2 K + 285.1 K + 291 K) / 3 =
Mean Tf 282.5333 K
Mean Tf= (Tf 1 + Tf 2 + Tf 3) / 3
Mean Tf = (316 K + 316 K + 316 K) / 3 = 316 Enthalpy of Fusion of Ice
K ∆𝑓𝑢𝑠 𝐻 = −[𝑚𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑇𝑓 − 𝑇𝑖(𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟) )
+ 𝐶𝑝 (𝑇𝑓 − 𝑇𝑖(𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟) )]
Cp of the Calorimeter
𝐶𝑝 = [−𝑚ℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑐𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑇𝑓 − 𝑇𝑖(ℎ𝑜𝑡) ) − 𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑒 (𝑇𝑓 − 𝑇𝑖(𝑖𝑐𝑒) )
+ 𝑚𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑙 𝑐𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑇𝑓 ∆𝑓𝑢𝑠 𝐻
𝐽
− 𝑇𝑖(𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑙) )]/(𝑇𝑓 − 𝑇𝑖(𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑙) ) = −[(40.6871 𝑔) (4.184 ) (282.5333
𝑔𝐾
𝐽 − 299.3333)𝐾
(−36.39 𝑔) (4.184 (316 − 293)𝐾 +
𝑔 𝐾) 𝐽
+ (368.2706 ) (282.5333 − 299.3333)𝐾
𝐽 𝐾
(41.4472 𝑔) (4.184
𝑔 𝐾) 𝐽
− (11.5859 𝑔) (2.03 ) (282.5333
(316 − 293)𝐾 𝑔𝐾
= 368.2706 𝐽/𝐾 − 277.3333)𝐾 = 6167.1399 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙

Page 3 of 4
BAS

Percentage Error 4. ChemPRIME. (2016). Enthalpy of


% 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 Fusion and Enthalpy of Vaporization.
𝐽 𝐽 Chemical Education, 4-6.
6167.1399 − 6010.571
= 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥100
𝐽 5. Kramer, K. (2014). Heat of Fusion.
6010.571
𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 2.60% Heat of Fusion of Water, 5.

Conclusion
The heat capacity of the calorimeter
was determined using a coffee cup
calorimeter. Using the First Law of
Thermodynamics, the computed value of the
Cp of the calorimeter is 368.2706 J/K. After
computing the heat capacity of the
calorimeter, the enthalpy of fusion of water
was determined. The experimental value of
enthalpy of fusion of water was 6167.1399
J/mol while the accepted value of enthalpy of
fusion of water was 6010.571 J/mol. The
computed percentage error of the experiment
was 2.60%. In this experiment, all operations
must be performed at a constant pressure.
Between each trial, the calorimeter and
thermometer must be dried to prevent
possible errors.

References
1. Atkins, P., & de Paula, J. (2010).
Physical Chemistry, Ninth Edition.
Great Britain: Oxford University
Press.
2. Gibbs, J. W. The Collected Works of
J. Willard Gibbs, Vol. I (1948 ed.).
New Haven, CT: Yale University
Press. p. 88.

3. Weast, L. (1989). CRC Handbook of


Chemistry and Physics. Portland:
CRC-Press.

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