_ Answer Key & transcript Reading and Use of English Paper 1 Part 4. Training Useful language: collocations, 1 make: a mistake, a noise friends, fun, progress, no ‘have: a party, a shower, fun, time, a break, a job, tiends zo: shopping, swimming, skiing, riding take: a phovo, the bus, a break, notes, a shower, time, a job do: sports, some homesvork, job, the dishes Suggested answers to add: ‘make: a coflee, a suggestion, a decision, a phone call ‘have: an accident, a shock, an idea, a meeting {0° eyeing, sailing, ishing, climbing fake: an exam, the train, a decision, a guess do; the cooking, research, an English course, a crossword 2 Suggested answers beat: the record, an opponent, a carpet, the tallic catch: a cold, a tain, fish, glimpse earn: money, respect, a salary. living hold: the record, hands, a meeting, a licence ‘ep: the change, a secret, a diary, a promise lose: job, money, a game interest ‘miss the bus, the point, an opportunity, « friend ‘as: an exam. a test the salt the ball play the piano, a role, cards, tennis save: time, money, energy, penalty Spend: time, money, dhe night, a fortune wins a race. prize, suppor, a match 3 Lmake-> go eam» win Ispend + have 4 lose -> miss S pass have Gcatch take Twon— beat 8 make do Dtake-> play 10 have -r keep 4 2afrad, aware, cae, jealous ‘Idepend, rely keen, agree interested, involved, succeed, belong S agree, belong, bound, object 6 agree, belong, pleased, familia, involved Suggested answers to add for: responsible, wail, known of: capable, approve, proud ‘on: insist, concentrate, based ins resuly, specialise, lacking to; used, opposed, sensitive ‘vith: disappointed, satisfied, popular $1B 2C 3B 4A SC 6D 7A 8B 9D 19¢ Exam practice Advice L beyond 2known 3 “from” and “to Greatly Treached 8come up with Ahigh 5 estimated Exam task 1D: only ‘along’ and ‘beyond’ can be used directly before a noun Bhrase, and “beyond! has the correct meaning of ‘outside’ or “ou the Otherside of 2 Bs “known as’ means “called by that name", in this ease “space junk’ 3 De range’ completes the structure “from. .to high’ completes the common collocation “high speed th “supposed” and ‘estimated’ can be followed by the perfect infinitive, but “supposed 10" is for something that should have happened but did not, 6 B: none ofthe others cllocate with “increased 7 Bs the only one ofthese verbs thet collocates with ‘agreement’ and ‘on is ‘reached’, 8 Csonly ‘come up with colloctes with ‘suggestion Part 2 Training Useful language: relative pronouns and linking expressions A 1who 2which 3whose 4when Swhere Gthat 7 that Sthat 2 Lwhose-* who 2which—> when 3.ormect 4 who > which S which > who/hat 6 that» when 7 what that 8 which -> where 9correet 10 that > which 3 Awhose 2who 3when 4where S which 6 whose ‘Twhen 8 whichithat 4 aaddition: as well as, besides, in addition to ‘conditional: provided (that, unless, as long as contrast: although, despite (the fact tha), and) yet, though, wheres. While, eventhough inspite of, even so, however ‘purpose: in onder 0, s, in order that, so as to ‘ason: because of, on account of, due 10 (the fact that), owing to, 5 became of 2unless 3incase 4soas 5 inorder that Gowingto 7Eventhough Ssince 9if 10 In spite of 6 Laccount Zaddition 3yeveven'so spite § though Sdueiowing 7 well Sbecause Bto/inorderto 10 unless {long 12 but/slthouglvthoughfeven though Advice 9 eventhough’ 10 as did” 11 ‘und completes “it wasn't ual 12 ‘when’ 13 ‘despite the fact tha” 14 "as! 13 “where” 16 ‘in favour of” Exam task 1 attitudes: second paragraph; history: fist paragraph 2 9 though/when: ‘though’ completes the link “even though, which ‘contrasts the idea in the t¥0 parts ofthe sentence. “When” is also possible 10 dia: ‘did completes the expression ‘asd’, which here is used to avoid saying ‘and the Aztecs chewed gum” " Vl: “uni” completes the time expression ‘it wasn't ‘The informa “lis also possible. 12 when: he 1869". 13 despite: it completes the link “despite the fact tha’, which ‘contrasts the ideas inthe two puns of the sentence. ‘when’ isa relative pronoun that refers hack to 14,5 ‘regarded’ is often followed by the preposition they mean “considered where: ‘where’ is a relative pronoun which here refers back to ‘the pavement 16 in: ‘in’ completes the expression ‘in favour of, here meaning supporting or appréving Answer Key & transeript | 183Part 3 Training Useful language: word formation 1 addiedas ” verb | nouns) _adjectivets) adverb(s)_ eomfort [eon (ueomfonable | omeomforable scomforis) ‘employ | employee(s), (unjemployed, | X employer(s), (unjemployable {unemployment ‘hope | hope(s) ‘hopeful, hopeless | hopefully, hopelessly x noise(s), noisiness noisy(ierfiest), | noisily, oles oisclessy Tose [losses losers) [lost losing |X X___ | sience(s sient) | comscieniie | (n)cientially ‘elate | relaves)relation(y| eave, rela | lately relationships) twcewal | acceso) ‘eosaecestor | (unpmioonsly 2b employee — person employed, employer — person who employs ‘people, employment - paid work; employed —having a paid job, employable ~ able to do paid work; hopeful — feeling positive about a furure event, hopeless - not likely to succeed or improve; ‘hopefully ~ in a positive way; hopelessly ~ina negative way; nose =a sound, noisiness ~ alot of noise noisy ~ people or things tha ‘make a noise, noiseless ~ silent; noisily ~_making alot of noise while doing something, noislessy — silently; loss something Tost, loser = person who loses; lest — net found or not won, losing ~ player or team that loses; seience ~ the school subject or academic discipline, scientist — person who studies or works in science; relative and elation ~ family member, relation ~ connection between two things, relationship ~ the way people feel and behave towards each other; relative ~ compared to, related — connected 3. 2 scientists 3noisy 4 unemployment 5 hopeless 6 uncomfortable T unsuccessful 8 loss 4 Tloosing -+ losing (spelling) 2 unemployments > unemployment (singula/plural) "3 inacoepuable ~ unacceptable (affix) evidences -» evidence (singularplural) 5 relation > relationship (allix) 6 scientific» scientific (spelling) 7 disagree ~ disagroement (ufix) 8 hopeful > hopeful (Gpelling) 9 unregularly ~ iegular(aifixes) 10 Employeers > Employers (spelling/ffx) Advice 17 Tho ‘eis dropped. 18 negative is dropped. 21 plural 22°The ‘y’ changes to 2A the ing’ form 19 ‘over’ + come’ 20The 23 ‘ion! Exam task 1 Anoun, ‘ment 2.17 iniroductions: plural noun is needed. The ‘eis dropped, the suffix ‘tion’ and ans’ are added, 18 impolite the negative prefix ‘im’ is added 19 overcome: ‘over is added to *come’ to form a compound ver ‘that collocates with ‘problem’ 20 observation: a singular noun is needed. The final ‘eis dropped and the suffix ‘ation’ added. asa | Answer Key & transcript 2 characteristics: a noun is required. The sufix ‘istics’ is added: ‘must be plural because two characteristics are mentioned (‘high foreheads’ and “narrow eyebrows") 22 variety: a singular noun meaning “range” is needed. The ‘y" changes toi, and the suffix ‘ety’ is added 23 visual: an adjective is needed, To form it, ‘ion’ changes to ‘ual’. 2 ensuring: the prefix ‘en’ is added to form the verb, after a must first be Useful language: key word transformations 11 verbs: enjoy, suggest avoid + admit, finish, ean’ stand prepositions: without, after, despite + about, upon, against {wo-part (and theee-part) verbs: carry on give up, put ff +take wp, Jeep on, end up expressions: it's no use, there's no point in), it’s not worth + pleased about, capable of, good at 2. verbs: decide, expect, plan + promise, offer, threaten verbs + object help someone, want something tell someone + allow someone, ask someone, teach someone adjectives: likely, easy, pleased + possible, difficult, disappointed 3 cither: stop, forget, try + remember, mean, go on 2 2listening to music in the evening. 3tobe late again. 4 playing tennis until Saturday. S saying here, 6 feeling ill, Twent school, 7 to come to my party. Bo call Emma, 3 Ltohave + having 2writing -+ to write 310 place -> placing hearing +t hear $19 use ~r using 6 w open + opening, Tseeing to see Siolight— lighting 9telling 10 ell, 10 to have teen -> easing 4 Suggested answers: right have donefmight not ave done, may have donelmay not have ‘done, could have done/could not (couldn't) have done, should have ‘done/should not shouldn't) have done, ought wo have dane/ought not fought’) to have done, must have done (or ha todd have todo), will have donefwill not (won't) have done, needed to have done (or ‘needed to doVneed not (needn't) have done (or didnot [didn't] need to do), can't have done 5 Zhave Cve) been Snot have told 4have got S have been Ghave got up Tnot (n't) have sent in 8 10 have told 6 should have begun 2 mighthave been 3should start 4 ould never have Sdidnothave to 6 should have been 7 didn't need to B couldn't have Advice 25 found’ 26 ‘put off” 27 the infinitive changes to the ing form 28 have been’ + past participle 29 ‘it wasn't hecomes ‘there was no 30 “did't have to" Exam task 28 found it dificult to understand: the noun ‘ificulty” becomes the adjective ‘difficult’, which follows “found i. Tae next verb changes from the -ing form to the ‘to infinitive, 26 has been | put off the phrasal verb ‘put of!” means ‘postpone’, but it rust be used in the passive Form, also in the present perfet 27 no intention of (ever) speaking: ‘Ive got no intention’ especially ‘with ‘ever’ means the same as ‘I'm never going to. After the preposition ‘of, the ing form of the verb is used.28 must have | been started if something inthe past ‘seems certain’, ‘we can use ‘must have’. The object oF the first sentence has become the subject of the second, so the passive form “must have been” + pst participle is used 29 there was {no point in: i's not possible to use “it wasn't’ with “point; dhe structure has to be “there was no point in” 30 didn’t have 10 book: the negative past form of “have to’ means ‘wasn’t necessary 1". Is followed by the infinitive form of the vert Part 5 Training Reading for gist; dealing with distraction 1 Lanextract from anovel 20 collect a package 2 Ascver in autumn dhe darkening sky D, Ho thought about taking a ‘bus. ho infrequent they were B, There was hardly anyone around A, "Hi? he said, bu there was no reply when he gave them a wave C ‘A: ‘hardly anyone’ contradicts “may people’ 1: “remembered how infrequent they were" indicates this was normal it didn’t surprise him) (Ce There were two “unfriendly” reactions, and Liam says “it doesn't feel lke it i.e. hs home town) any more’. He ‘recognised the four teenagers and “was sure he knew the young couple so he would be surprised that they didn't reply of looked away. Dz It says “As ever, soit was no surprise 3 A: “He didn’t want to be there a moment longer than necessary’ Contradiets he statement Bs “impatiemtly’, “if you can give me the package, I'l be on ‘my way’ and “He didn’t want tobe there a moment longer than rncessary” ~all help to show that B is comtect (C: “Had the plan perhaps become so ambitious that it had seared him off?" ~ Carson might be afraid, not Liam Ds “he was right on ie’ contradicts the statement Exam practice Advice ‘SM unhappy 32 “Tuning back int... “Chae worked out 3B her parents 34 She doesn’t reply to that comment, bat she is annoyed. 35's new work assignment” 36 “Tt seemed odd to Chire.” Exam task 31 Comrect answer: B: Claire knows Ruth will want to talk fora long time, but manages to avoid Ruth hearing er reaction, ‘sigh’. Incorrect answers: A: Cane “waited for her sister to start, lescribing in detail her latest disaster’ means Ruth usually has bad) ‘ews fo teller. C: ‘A phone call from her sister was never over quickly” indicates that Claire feels Ruths calls go on too long : ‘Claire mulled over how much to reveal’ shows she was stil "unsure about what she would say fo Ruth 32 Correct answer: D: Claire was thinking about other things while Ruth was taking, She ‘ried to catch up" but “was unsure whether itwas her sister or her niece’. Incorect answers: A: Claire had ‘missed some key information’, so this is very unlikely tobe tm. B; Claire says her family nover “sent her letters, but does not suggest that is the reason. C: From the context, €. "Her family would have to be told’, she was moving ou’ itis clear hee “new ‘business assignment” has not yet begun 38 Comect answer: D: Clie ‘often wondered whether that was to ensure their thee children didn't affect thei lifestyle, rather than to give ther offspring a good startin ie’ i. for selfish reasons. Incorrect answers: A: The weiter says ‘their fist and third ehildren both achieved academic success’. Claire must be their frst or third, as Ruth is their second. B: Her parents were constantly disappointed with Ruth, not Claire. C: Unlike Ruth, Claire had “Teamned quickly to work hard and stay out of trouble" 34 Correct answer: A: Claire compares hor witha well-known highly ‘suecessful lone parent, and believes Ruth ‘could help herself i only she'd try harder’. Incorret answers: B: Cire would clearly prefer Ruth to “help herselt", C: Clare accepts that being a lone’ parent makes it difficult to get eerain jobs, D: Claire feels that, Ruth is jealous of her and finds what she says ieiating. There is no suggestion Claire feels pully. 35. Correct answer: B: Claire is refering buck to her ‘new work assignment, whieh she says consists of more than “dining out on someone else's creditcard. Incoreet answers: A: The relerence ‘word ‘that’ refers back to ‘dining out on someone elte's credit cara, not “it. C: Iteannot refer to looking after Sky because Ruth thas not yet answered Claire's questions about that. D: Cate is ‘gain trying to avoid showing her emotions, not explaining them to Ruth. '36 Correct answer: C: Claire feels its ‘od that her parents seem to show more affection towards their grandchildren than they di to their ovm children, Incorrect answers: A: Ruth (“You never listen to-me') and Claire (they were twelve and fourteen agtin’) indicate ‘hat litle had changed. B: Claire implies the opposite by saying they had no time for their own children’. D: She believes that her ‘mothers closer to her grandchildren, otto her. Part 6 Training Predicting text content; finding clues 1 how bees manage to navigate when they are lying 2. ‘ohsorve their fight pattems’ and ‘so’ (reference wor, evn repetition); also “rack al their movements over several kilometres? and ‘this’ (reference word), plus ‘the scientists and “then reference word) 3.38: ‘Aircraft pilots’ and “Bees, onthe ther hand? (contrast link): “calculate wind speed and direction” and ‘the same thing” (reference phrase); also “them and ‘they inthe following sentence (reference word) 39: “the researches .. discovered” and “they found? (reference Word and word with similar meaning); ‘On windy days .. ower than usual” and “This” (reference word); “windy” and “blows ‘more strongly” (words with similar meaning); ‘the wind” end it (reference word); ‘it normally blows more strongly” and ‘this; and ‘higher up" and ‘at greater heights Exam practice 1 Anaricle about the new headquarters ofthe World Wide Fund for Nature 2 Suggested answers: Paragraph 1: Who is doing what and where Paragraph 2: The building and the oceasion Paragraph 3: Imeresing activites and new ideas Paragraph 4: Green features of the building Parapraph 5: A quiet place in the city Paragraph 6: The changing role of the WWF Paragraph 7: What needs to be done Advice 38 a living example’ 39 “Other such include’ 40 “Even so" "41 “because the planet i one vast ecosystem’ 42 population | 185 Answer Key & transcriptExam task 137 G: They’ refers back tothe ‘crowd! who were watching, and ahly environmentally-friendly home", which isa “hemispherical ‘sass tube standing above a council carpark’ isa building “of this kind’ Also, i’ near the beginning ofthe next paragraph refers the building, as does the name ‘Living Planet Centre’ 138. “their new home” rofers back tothe WWF's Living Planet CCenlze, which they hope will self be a‘iving example" of “attempts to protect animals and the natural world” whieh “have been started by the WWE", 39 Cs Other such’ indicates there will be more examples similar 0 those features’ already mentioned inthe previous paragraph, i. recycled concrete, carpets and computers, solar panels. Also, the following paragraph describes the overall impression given by the ‘building’ interior. 40. A: The following sentence indicates there isa ‘contrast withthe ‘missing sentence, Sentence A begins “Even so" and says "it (a feference back to “the building” is ina town centre’, which is ft vocabulary ink to ‘urban’ contrasts de “arly unattractive” general area and the ‘ugly’ place with the “canal” and the “woods, “41 Re The fact that “the planet is one vas ecosystem i the reason sven for stating that ‘you have to persuade people of the world not {o pollute’. Vocabulary links include ‘the word” and “the planet’, ‘and ‘people of the world” and “everyone”. 42 Bs There are links to the sentences both before and aftr the 2a “Tum the elock back’ means return 1 a previous situation, i. “put ‘back forests” and reduce the number of people on Earth. The ‘rite at which the numbers are increasing” refers ‘population size” in the missing sentence. Not used: B Part 7 Training Finding evidence; avoiding incorrect answers 1. 44-trams were cold..."; 45 ‘One Monday moming nearest sop aT he 2-43: “it was because of all the pollution it caused" that he gave wp Sriving 1o work and stated going by rail instead; 48: “but the fares keep going up and up and a this aie I'll have to think about using muy car Not in E: 46: Although he says the trains ae “erowded" he says he doesn’t mind i, soit would be wrong to say he “dislikes travelling with lots of other people. Exam practice Advice 43D: ‘amount it costs to visi’ 44 B: like something from a. TV. commercial’ 45 C: the airtemperatre hardly varies’ 46 C: ‘waist high’ 47 ‘shots’ 48: ‘the sand can fel uncomfortably hot unless you wear beach shoes’ 49 scent’ —50'B: ‘in the late aftemoon and Zvening you can have the place almost to yourself” 81 “limited tte Summer months’ 52 sun cream Exam task 43. The writer says “it is well worth the small amount it costs fo visit’ 44D: The text mentions that ‘commercials have been made there". 45. Az Itsays ‘At ist sight it almost seems tropical, until dipping ycur toe inthe water encourages you to spend a lazy day on the beach rather than dive in fr a swim. 46 C: The writer refers to “the ocean — which is only vaist-high even hhundveds of metres from the shore? 186 | Answer Key & transcript a 448 Bi: “The sand’ according tothe writer, ‘always remains cool as ‘of e type tha reflects the sunlight so you won't neod sandals” “The writer says ‘don't forget to get some shots of your own’ 49 A: The write says you can ‘enjoy’ various things, including “the ‘scent of pie from ihe nearby woods’ ‘50 D: The text advises; ‘make sure you arrive wel before the sun stars to beatdown and the sand heats up" ‘51 AS The text states that ‘public access is “imited to the summer ‘months" 52. C: “Thee isn't it wams, ‘much shade, soit is advisable 1 use plenty of sun cream’. Writing Part 4 (essay) Training Useful language: ordering points or reasons; adding information 1 forthe frst point: Firstly, To begin with First of all for further points: Next, Then, Secondly; forthe last point: Last but not least, [Ctl Finally; in the conclusion: In eonclusion, To sum up, On balance, To conclude 21Also 2Furthermore 3100 4Aswell ws that 5 In addition 6.35 well Focusing on the question; text organisation 21 Avonly ‘yes"s Bs both sides 2A: 2nd, B: 3rd 3.A:-th, Bi 2nd 4A: Sad: protected from huntinglextnction, B: 2nd: proteetion from 3 2Gives an example 3 Expression that links points, 4 Writer's ‘own opinion 3 Tells the readee what to expect 6 Expression that Tinks points. 7-Contrast link 8 Gives a reason 9 Writer's own, ‘opinion 10 Sums up points already made Exam practice (essay) 1 Lyour English teacher 2 whether tis better to attend a concert or Watch the same eoncert athome 3 convenience, almosphere Sample Tnereasingly, people havea choice: whether to go to a concert oF watch itat home. Both have their advantages ~ and disadvantages Firsly,coneet tickets cost too much, especially for young peopl "There i also the bus fare to and from dhe concert, and the food anc rinks there are expensive, Watching at home, though, s free, as are the snacks, Secondly, watching on your TV or computer is far more comfortable than travelling othe concer, queuing wo get in and then having 3 Tong, slow journey home afterwards. Hf you get thirsty or hungry home, you just go to the fig. And there is no queve for the bathroom, either. (On the other hand, to relly experience a concert you have to be there. The excitement of thousands of people lapping, singing and even dancing creates an atmosphere that just cannot be appreciated at home, Nothing can compare to seeing and hearing a big stron saz (On balance, therefore, I believe it is worth the cost and inconvenience ‘of going to see your favourite singers or musicians live. Ii an experience you will never forget.