Impact Factor Value 3.

441 e-ISSN: 2456-3463

International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science, Vol. 3, No.1, 2018
www.ijies.net

Feasibility Study for Establishing a

Manufacturing Industry for Activated Carbon
and Bio Oil Extraction Using Coconut Shell in
Vidarbha Region

Rahul Sohani1, Dr.Achal Shahare2

1
M.Tech Student, 2Professor and Head Department of Mechanical Engg, G.H.Raisoni Academy of Engineering and
Technology, Nagpur

annually. Coconut production plays an important role

Abstract – This paper shows the feasibility study for
in India. India accounts for 22.34 per cent of the
establishing a manufacturing industry for extracting
activated carbon and bio oil using coconut shell world’s coconut production and is one of the major
particularly in Vidarbha region. As we are talking players in the world’s coconut trade. According to
particularly about Vidarbha region so according to figures published in December 2017 by the Food and
present scenario there are very less number of Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, India
manufacturing industries in Vidarbha region and is the world's third largest producer of coconuts,
demand is more. Also as we are extracting it from producing 10,894,000 tons in 2017.Coconut in India
coconut shells and coconut shell is considered as
is produced in 1894570 ha, and 15729.75 million
waste so we try to make best from waste. In the
present scenario energy sectors and individual nuts produced in 2016-2017.The coconut oil; apart
entrepreneurs can opt a new way of power generation from used as edible oil; has varied industrial
using the most abundantly available renewable applications. It is used in the manufacture of toilet
source of energy in the form of biomass wastes. soaps, laundry soaps, surface‐active agents and
Among the biomass resources coconuts are the detergents, hair tonics, cosmetics, etc
abundant renewable resource of energy available all
. Here we are extracting Activated Carbon
around the world. Literature review showed that
limited research studies had been carried out on and bio oil using coconut shell. And also then
yielding the product from coconut shell. The establish a manufacturing industry in Vidarbha
objective of present work is to envisage the region. So we must take into consideration that
methodology of generating activated carbon and bio  How many Industries are currently working
oil by activation & pyrolysis process to that on that topic in Vidarbha region?
potentially could be used as water purification agent  What is the minimum amount of Activated
and fuel or as feedstock to valuable chemicals.
carbon and bio oil should be manufactured
Keywords- Coconut Shell, Activated Carbon, Bio so that industry will be in profit?
Oil  In how much quantity raw material will be
required?
INTRODUCTION  Which steps to be followed for production
of Activated Carbon and Bio oil?
Coconut is a popular plantation and is grown in more  How much quantity of land, man, machine
than 90 countries worldwide. The world production will be required?
of coconut sums up to around 55 million tons

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Impact Factor Value 3.441 e-ISSN: 2456-3463
International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science, Vol. 3, No.1, 2018
www.ijies.net
 How it should be sold and how the price an important role in many areas of modern
should be calculated? science and technology such as purification of
 How advertisement of product should be liquids and gases, separation of mixtures and
done? So that more and more people will be catalysis. The main objective of the study is to
aware about it. produce activated carbon from dry coconut shell
 What are the specifications of the Activated and to treat the domestic waste water and to
carbon and Bio oil should be? recycle the treated water for home gardens. The
These are the important points which are to be taken higher purity, negative cost, high rate of
into consideration before establishing an industry. production and strong carbonaceous structure of
Also as we are establishing an industry so the main coconut shell proves to be a precursor for carbon
objective of it should be customer satisfaction and production. This research will pave way for the
profit to be earn. recycle and reuse of waste water that could further
reduce the level of water pollution.

 (Rahul G Karmankar) (IRJET VOL. 3 Issue

01-Jan-2016): This papers show the carbon black
and its manufacturing process. Carbon black is
produced by the incomplete combustion of
hydrocarbon or thermal cracking. The black falls
into three groups by method of manufacture: (1)
channel (2) furnace, and (3) thermal. The average
particle size of black ranges from about 15 - 275
millimicron. The finest black is channel black and
coarsest is the thermal blacks, but there is some
overlapping of the furnace blacks at both ends.
Carbon blacks are not pure carbon but contain
varying amounts of hydrogen and oxygen. The
principal effect of this non-carbon material seems
to be on the surface characteristics, specially the
pH. The channel blacks are acid, while furnace
blacks and thermal blacks are neutral or alkaline.
The acid blacks are slower curing and generally
require more accelerators for good cure. As a
LITERATURE REVIEW group, the carbon blacks have probably received
the greatest amount of study both as to method of
The main purpose of this literature review is to know manufacture Carbonization (or carbonization) is
about the project from reference books, journals, the term for the conversion of an organic
technical papers and web sites. substance into carbon or a carbon-containing
residue through pyrolysis or destructive
 (Susheela.P Radha.R ) (IJCBS RESEARCH distillation. The soot of a natural gas flame, used
PAPER VOL. 1 [ISSUE 10] JANUARY, 2015): in paints; is fine carbon. Also called channel
This paper shows that Activated carbon is a non- black.
graphite form of carbon which could be produced  (Dipa Das, Debi Prasad Samal): Adsorption has
from any carbonaceous material. Activated appeared as one of the promising methods for
carbons are increasingly used as the economic and CO2 capture and sequestration due to its low
stable mass separation agent for the removal of energy consumption, cost effectiveness, relatively
surfactants to raise the final product quality many simple technological process, non-corrosive to the
industrial processes. Activated carbons also play equipments and it is applicable over a relatively

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Impact Factor Value 3.441 e-ISSN: 2456-3463
International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science, Vol. 3, No.1, 2018
www.ijies.net
wide range of temperatures and pressures. type pilot plant for the production of bio-char and
Development of new and high efficient solid the down-stream products (bio-oil and synthesis
adsorbents is crucial to enhance competitiveness gas) was designed, developed and analyzed. The
of this process. Zeolites or activated carbons are pilot plant consists mainly of a rotary pyrolysis
good adsorbents that are used for capturing CO2 reactor, cyclone separator and a condenser
from flue gas through physical adsorption, due to assembly. Heating is done externally underneath
its porous structure. The extensive use of the retort using an LPG stove, having provision
activated carbon is used now days, due to its large for controlling the heating rate. The generated
micro porosity, large specific surface area. The bio-oil is directly condensed in water condenser
activated carbon is seems to be black in color and method. Experiments were conducted with
have large micro porosity. Activated carbon different types of bio-masses, varying the
adsorption also used for treating low residence times and pyrolysis temperatures. The
concentrations of wastewater streams at extremely recoveries of bio-oil products obtained under
low cost. The removal efficiency of Activated different treatment conditions along with their
carbon is very high for harmful pollutants. As characterizations are reported.
environmental pollution is the major problem now
a day’s so need of activated carbon is growing day METHODOLOGY
by day. Its texture characteristics and surface
properties depend on the raw material and on the This chapter represents the activity of this
method used for its preparation. For AC, the project..Consideration made while planning the
removal of moisture is not required and it is easy project
for regeneration and has a high CO2 adsorption 1. Market Survey: Here we must first survey the
capacity at ambient pressure and also its good present market situation and how many suppliers
adsorption properties. Activated carbons can be are presently working on this project. Also what
prepared by either a physical method or chemical is the demand of product produced and
method. It is produced from a large number of application of it.
carbonaceous raw materials like coal, lignite, The present suppliers near Vidarbha region and
wood and some agricultural product like rice market requirement are, Mainly the activated carbon
husk, nut shell, coconut shell, pea nut, sugarcane is produced in Gujarat but as we are considering only
bagassage, tamarind wood, saw dust and Vidarbha region so suppliers near Nagpur are as
industrial waste products. The cost of Agricultural follows,
wastes is very low so it is considered to be a very Suppliers:
important feedstock for preparation of AC. To 1. Shauren Valour (Vaishali Nagar, Bhilai)
prepare activated carbon from chemical 2. Jai Hind Complete Water Solution (Saturna,
activation, the steps are carbonization step and Amravati)
activation step. Raw material is impregnated with 3. Rai Energy Sources (Light Industrial Area,
an activating reagent before carbonization step in Bhilai)
chemical activation method. The effect of 4. Western Coalfield Limited (Yavatmal)
different chemical reagents on the production and Market Requirement:
quality of activated carbon was studied 1. Activated Carbon:
extensively by different researchers.  Rite Water Solutions, Nagpur
 (Radhakrishnan C , Karunaraja Natarajan ,  Nagpur Municipal Corporation (NMC),
Azhagendran K, Mohanlal K , Ponraj P, Nivas Nagpur
R) : The utilization of bio-mass materials as a  Gorewada Water Treatment Plant, Nagpur
renewable energy sources is attracting the global 2. Bio Oil:
attention over the last two decades and this is  Reuse for heating of bio mass
much more predominant in countries where  Furnace
agricultural activities are abundant. A continuous

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Impact Factor Value 3.441 e-ISSN: 2456-3463
International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science, Vol. 3, No.1, 2018
www.ijies.net
2. Raw material: For the selection of an strength of the carbon, essential to withstand
appropriate raw material for preparation of porous excessive particle crumble during use.
carbon, several factors are taken into consideration.
Industrially, inexpensive material with high carbon We can collect coconut shells from,
and low inorganic (i.e. low ash) content is preferred
• Nearest temples
as raw material for the production of activated
• Caterers
carbon. High density of the precursor and sufficient
• Hiring some farmers
volatile content are of considerable importance.
Evolution of volatile during pyrolysis results in
3. Processing Technology:
porous char, essential for making activated carbons,
while high density contributes to enhanced structural

4. Technical Specification:

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON

Appearance Black Granular
Particle Size Any sieve size viz. 4 / 8, 8 / 16, 12 / 30, 4 / 16, 8 / 30,16 / 30
750 mg / gm ±
Iodine Adsorption 500 mg / gm ± 25 850 mg / gm ± 50 950 mg / gm ± 50 1100 mg / gm ± 50
25
pH 9 to 10 9 to 10 9 to 10 9 to 10 9 to 10
Moisture 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
Total Surface
500 m2 / gm. 750 m2 / gm. 850 m2 / gm. 950 m2 / gm. 1100 m2 / gm.
Area
0.55 ±0.05 gm. / 0.53 ±0.05 gm. / 0.50 ±0.05 gm. / 0.48 ±0.05 gm. /
Bluk Density 0.51 ±0.05 gm. / CC
CC CC CC CC
Ball Pan Hardness
90 85 80 80 70
no.
Ash Content 5.% Max 5.% Max 5.% Max 5.% Max 5.% Max

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Impact Factor Value 3.441 e-ISSN: 2456-3463
International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science, Vol. 3, No.1, 2018
www.ijies.net

Technical Specification for bio oil according to American Standard for Testing and Material (ASTM).

Sr. Material Viscosity @ 40*C Calorific Moisture

No. Samples Kinematic Value (%)
Dynamic (Kcal/Kg)
1. Coconut 17.6Cst/s 4456.6 21.3
Shell 18.37mPa.s
2. Coconut 17.8Cst/s 4616 23
Front 18.48mPa.s
3. International Journal of Innovative Research in
Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET)
5. Preparation of Model: Now prepare the model
4. Production Of Activated Carbon From Dry Coconut
for production of Activated carbon and Bio oil by Shell And Its Efficiency In Treating Waste Water
Activation and Pyrolisis process respectively. Then Susheela.P Department of Zoology PSGR
test the product according to above specifications. Krishnammal College for Women Coimbatore,
Tamilnadu, India. Radha.R Department of Zoology
6. Execution of project: After testing the product for PSGR Krishnammal College for Women Coimbatore,
Tamilnadu, India.
above technical specifications then
5. IJCBS RESEARCH PAPER VOL. 1 [ISSUE 10]
 Analyze the number of units required for JANUARY, 2015
production,
 Number of workers, 6. . Extraction of carbon black from coconut shell Rahul G
Karmankar (Asst. professor, Mechanical Engineering
 Insurance of the components and workers Department, RTMNU, Maharashtra, India) IRJET
 Costing of the product VOL. 3 Issue 01-Jan-2016
 Marketing 7. Preparation of Activated Carbon from Green Coconut
Shell
Dipa Das , Debi Prasad Samal , Meikap BC1,2* 1
The price of activated carbon is about 34 to 40 per
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian
kg and generally sold per ton. Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, West Bengal,
India
REFERENCE 8.International Journal for Service Learning in
Engineering Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 93-104, Spring 2012
1. International Research Journal of Engineering and ISSN 1555-9033
Technology (IRJET). 9. The University of Arizona Electronic Theses and
Dissertations Reproduction and Distribution Rights
2. Coconut Board of India 10 Department of Energy Engineering and Science,
Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University,
Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi 464-8603,
Japan
11. Research Institute for Industrial Technology, Aichi
Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho,
Toyota-shi, Aichi 470-0392, Japan

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