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Advantages and Disadvantages of Mobile Phones

Mobile phones have evolved significantly since their inception in the 1970s. Early mobile phones were bulky and weighed over 40 kg, but Martin Cooper is considered the inventor of the first practical mobile phone for hand-held use in 1973. The first commercial cellular network launched in Japan in 1979 and expanded rapidly. Digital 2G networks launched in the early 1990s allowed for increased features and competition. By 2009, there were over 4.6 billion mobile subscriptions globally compared to only 12.4 million in 1990.

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2K views

Advantages and Disadvantages of Mobile Phones

Mobile phones have evolved significantly since their inception in the 1970s. Early mobile phones were bulky and weighed over 40 kg, but Martin Cooper is considered the inventor of the first practical mobile phone for hand-held use in 1973. The first commercial cellular network launched in Japan in 1979 and expanded rapidly. Digital 2G networks launched in the early 1990s allowed for increased features and competition. By 2009, there were over 4.6 billion mobile subscriptions globally compared to only 12.4 million in 1990.

Uploaded by

dilipraj48
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mobile phones

The history of mobile phones begins with early efforts to develop


radio telephone technology and from two-way radios in vehicles and continues through
emergence of modern mobile phones and associated services.

Radiophones have a long and varied history going back to Reginald Fessenden's
invention and shore-to-ship demonstration of radio telephony, through the Second World
War with military use of radio telephony links and civil services in the 1950s, while hand-held
mobile radio devices have been available since 1973.

In 1960, the world’s first partly automatic car phone system, Mobile System A (MTA),
was launched in Sweden. MTA phones were composed of vacuum tubes and relays, and had a
weight of 40 kg. In 1962, a more modern version called Mobile System B (MTB) was launched,
which was a push-button telephone, and which used transistors in order to enhance the
telephone’s calling capacity and improve its operational reliability. In 1971 the MTD version
was launched, opening for several different brands of equipment and gaining commercial
success.

Martin Cooper, a Motorola researcher and executive is considered to be the inventor of


the first practical mobile phone for hand-held use in a non-vehicle setting, after a long race
against Bell Labs for the first portable mobile phone. Using a modern, if somewhat heavy
portable handset, Cooper made the first call on a hand-held mobile phone on April 3, 1973 to his
rival, Dr. Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs.

The first commercially automated cellular network (the 1G generation) was launched in
Japan by NTT in 1979, initially in the metropolitan area of Tokyo. Within five years, the NTT
network had been expanded to cover the whole population of Japan and became the first nation-
wide 1G network. In 1981, this was followed by the simultaneous launch of the Nordic Mobile
Telephone (NMT) system in Denmark, Finland, Norwayand Sweden.. NMT was the first mobile
phone network featuring international roaming. The first 1G network launched in the USA was
Chicago based Ameritech in 1983 using the Motorola DynaTAC mobile phone. Several
countries then followed in the early 1980s including the UK, Mexico and Canada. .

The first "modern" network technology on digital 2G (second generation) cellular


technology was launched by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Group) in 1991 in Finland on
the GSM standard which also marked the introduction of competition in mobile telecoms when
Radiolinja challenged incumbent Telecom Finland (now part of TeliaSonera) who ran a 1G
NMT network.
In 2001 the first commercial launch of 3G (Third Generation) was again in Japan by NTT
DoCoMo on the WCDMA standard.

One of the newest 3G technologies to be implemented is High-Speed Downlink Packet


Access (HSDPA). It is an enhanced 3G (third generation) mobile telephony communications
protocol in the High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) family, also coined 3.5G, 3G+ or turbo 3G,
which allows networks based on Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to have
higher data transfer speeds and capacity.

A mobile phone (also called mobile, cellular phone, cell phone or hand phone) is an
electronic device used for full duplex two-way radio telecommunications over a cellular
network of base stations known as cell sites. Mobile phones differ from cordless telephones,
which only offer telephone service within limited range through a single base station attached to
a fixed land line, for example within a home or an office. Low-end mobile phones are often
referred to as feature phones, whereas high-end mobile phones that offer more advanced
computing ability are referred to as Smartphone’s.

A mobile phone allows its user to make and receive telephone calls to and from
the public telephone network which includes other mobiles and fixed line phones across the
world. It does this by connecting to a cellular network owned by a mobile network operator. A
key feature of the cellular network is that it enables seamless telephone calls even when the user
is moving around wide areas via a process known as handoff or handover.

In addition to being a telephone, modern mobile phones also support many


additional services, and accessories, such as SMS (or text) messages, email, Internet access,
gaming, Bluetooth, infrared, camera, MMS messaging, MP3 player, radio and GPS.

The first hand held phone was demonstrated by Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973,
using a handset weighing in at two kilos. In the year 1990, 12.4 million people worldwide had
cellular subscriptions. By the end of 2009, only 20 years later, the number of mobile cellular
subscriptions worldwide reached approximately 4.6 billion, 300 times the 1990 number,
penetrating the developing economies and reaching the bottom of the economic pyramid.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING A CELL
PHONE

Until the 1800s people used letters for communication. But this way was very slow, and
people couldn’t contact each other in emergency situations. There was also the possibility of
letters being lost. But after the invention of the telephone in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell, it
became easier for people to communicate. Then in the 1970s, the cellular phone was invented. It
brought many advantages into our lives. However, although cell phones brought many benefits
into our lives, they also have disadvantages.

The most important advantage of cell phones is that they can be used almost everywhere
without cables or electricity. By using a mobile phone, you can communicate with anyone
whenever you want and wherever you are. Besides this, if there is an emergency situation,
mobile phones can be useful. Furthermore, you can get access to the Internet by using a cell
phone. These days, the world’s most common means of communication is SMS. Cell phones
include this system, so in this way you can communicate with someone more cheaply than by
normal calling.

In contrast, cell phones have some disadvantages. For example, cell phones spread
electromagnetic waves. And these electromagnetic waves cause important health problems like
cancer. Additionally, cell phones often affect the electronic systems used by equipment like cars,
ABS (automatic brake system), and computers. This can cause big problems, such as accidents.

To sum up, cell phones not only have advantages, but also they have disadvantages.
Mobile phones make our lives easier. But at the same time, they cause some important problems
in our health.

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