GEOLOGY MODULES / VULCAN

Vulcan Geology Modules

Advanced tools allow geologists to access and view drillhole data, define geological zones
and accurately model orebodies and deposits.

Geology Tools Block Modelling

Management and validation of drillhole, lithological Accurate creation, visualisation and manipulation of
and analytical data using Vulcan database or through complex block models.
interface to third party databases. • Based on user-defined block dimensions and sizes.
• 3D display and analysis of drillhole data, and 3D geological • Store and use information in any location of the space via
interpretation; tools to query and filter information. regular cell or sub-cell variables.
• Powerful compositing tools for both non-stratigraphic and • Inverse distance grade estimation.
stratigraphic environments. • Creation of customised reports including grade tonnage
• Display and manipulation of downhole geophysical data. curves.
• Among stratigraphic modelling tools: • Dynamic visualisation of single or multiple planes through
-- Single tree-style interface accesses virtually all of the block model.
Vulcan’s grid modelling tools • Advanced reserve reporting with ability to break down by
-- Save Complex Modelling runs as a single specification other block variables.
-- Use multiple horizon lists, including an enhanced split • Support for a large number of blocks with options to add,
definition panel which allows for ‘Z’ splitting delete or modify variables in real time.
-- Dynamic model extent definition allows preview of grid
size prior to modelling Foundation for advanced modules such as
-- Modelling direct from drillhole database or from Mapfiles Base Geostatistics, Gaussian Simulation, etc.
-- In-pit survey or mapping data incorporated directly into
the interpolation or modelling process
-- Choose your modelling method - thickness stacked or
direct structural surface creation
• Multi-domain Implicit Modelling with no void or overlap
between domains.
• Model grade shell and geology domains.
• Boolean modelling ensures valid triangulations for mine
planning.
• Calculate strip ratios from user-defined HARP block model
variables, limiting a lowest mineable level.

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 GEOLOGY MODULES / VULCAN

Base Geostatistics Gaussian Simulation and Co-Kriging

General tools for the application of geostatistical All the geostatistical tools widely used in risk analysis,
techniques. uncertainty assessment and bivariate simultaneous
• Based on GSLIB, provides diverse functions to calculate
grade estimation.
and model variograms, including 3D variogram maps and • Multi-variable co-kriging and many functions related to the
interactive modelling. handling of models.
• Variogram model autofit. • Multiple Indicator Simulation and specialised tools to
• Easily determine three orthogonal directions given a main prepare and process simulation data.
direction. • Pre and post process tools for simulation include:
• Indicate different geometric search parameters for each -- Normal scores (univariate) and stepwise (bivariate and
direction, facilitating the creation of directional variograms. trivariate) transformations
• Simple kriging, ordinary kriging, indicator kriging and -- Drift analysis
indicator simulation can all be used in estimation. -- Average variogram
• SMU support size analysis and validation. -- Distribution and variogram validation options
• Unfolding module incorporated: • Among co-kriging tools:
-- Unfolding can be applied to deposits where mineralisation -- Automatic calculation and fitting of a Linear Model of
is controlled by a modelled structural surface regionalisation
-- Grade estimation search ellipse or variography search -- Simultaneous estimation with two variables
ellipse is distorted from the usual regular ellipse to
• Working in the Vulcan block model environment, very
follow folded upper and lower surfaces representing
large models and hundreds of variables can be handled
the orebody geometry
efficiently.
-- The difference between a normal estimation and an
unfolded estimation is that the search ellipse is moulded
to follow the surfaces used to bound the deposit Channel Sampling
• Locally Varying Anisotropy (LVA) method for arbitrary search
path for grade estimation.
A special combination of options to streamline the
creation and manipulation of underground channel
samples.
An ideal upgrade to turn a GeoModeller into
a powerful GeoStatModeller. • Allows user to create and edit simple locations and
directions of channel samples.
• Samples can be rotated around the orientation and
inclination, allowing the user to easily locate the channels
without that do not have enough survey information.
• Visualisation of sample grades including weighted averages
above user defined cut-offs.
• Can be achived manually or by interactive graphics.
• Ideal in underground mines, which require a single
administration of the samples for channels

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Geotechnical Toolbox Monitoring

Set up and use a structural database to display and View, calculate, manipulate and plot data obtained
calculate geotechnical information. from monitors on a periodic basis.
• Data can be manually entered, imported from ASCII files or • Time series data from the monitor is imported into the
linked to third party databases. database established for the Monitoring module.
• Structures can be displayed in 3D; equiareal or equiangular • The data can be observed over certain time intervals in 3D
stereonet, or orientation rose diagram, dipmeter or tadpole views or as time series charts. Various derived parameters,
diagrams. such as incremental and cumulative change and rates of
• Data can be selected directly from a region in the space to change, can be queried and displayed.
perform Stereonet analysis, where several stability tools are • Colour legends and resizable symbols can be used to
available, including friction cone, sliding and toppling faulting. display selected data characteristics.
• Arbitrary user defined planes, such as proposed slopes • Fully integrated with the other Vulcan modules, so
with different directions and inclination, can also be entered geotechnical, geological and civil data can be overlaid and
directly at the stereonet. analysed along with the monitors.
• Support for oriented drillholes. • Models can be built to demonstrate how the monitors
change with time. These changes are modelled as points,
Easy to analyse different operational or design contours, triangulated surfaces or grids so that they can
scenarios. be used by the Animation module (under View) for powerful
4D visualisation.
• Levels of contaminants at different locations in a water
Grade Control table, or measurements from total station survey systems
Perform material type/destination classification in can be used to monitor wall movement in an open pit.
open pit blasts and underground.
• Display blast hole samples and block model estimations
along with related Vulcan data such as geological mapping
and registered face photos.
• Material classification boundaries are digitised on the
screen using standard Vulcan tools.
• Solid triangulation models of the blast are used for accurate
volume calculations.
• Once material/grade boundaries have been digitised, the
blockout process cuts the blast solid (using tri-boolean
methods) into individual solid blocks for the purpose of
material classification.
• Advanced features allow for reblocking and partial
reblocking of a blast.
• Can perform blockouts on block models and/or drill
samples if required.
• Database can be linked to external databases, such as
Oracle, SQLServer or Access, using ODBC (Open Data
Base Connectivity).
• Report summaries of each grade block and totals for
each blast.
• Data used and created by the process is stored in a
Vulcan Isis database that can be customised to the exact
requirements of each mine.

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Coal Washability Optimised Dig Limit

Storage, manipulation and modelling of coal recovery Maximises the profit for mining of each mining block.
curves for preparation plants. • Apply optimisation techniques to available block
• Convert and query washability data from relational information to measure the profit of blocks within the
database source. orebody delineation, in comparison to a penalty based on
• Produce washability Mapfiles for modelling and reporting. mining equipment constraints.
• Create composite washability data source from selected • Mining digability for a blast, mining block or bench
holes, at a chosen size-fraction range, for individual can be determined using equipment specification curves
graphical query. with penalties applied for mining blast boundaries with
• Produce Australian Standard wash curves (AS4156.1). acute angles.
• Allow wash characteristics determination for required qualities. • Simulated annealing to determine the best outcome,
• Combine other wash data with standard gravity separation balancing mining recovery and grade constraints for
techniques. each equipment type.
• Results can be displayed as layers within Vulcan for use in
short term planning, as input for grade control, for upload
Complex washability models simplify the 'what if' to survey devices, and for field markup of mining benches.
questions asked of wash data. • The optimisation process produces a mining boundary
for use in short term planning, as input for grade control
which maximises the economic benefit from blast material
classification.

Improve efficiency with Vulcan

Vulcan software provides the user with the world’s best
3D interactive modelling and planning package. It is the
total solution of choice for the largest and best mining
companies. From geology to mine planning and scheduling,
Vulcan delivers functionality, efficiency and improved
productivity to Maptek customers worldwide.

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