Lesson 1 hangul alphabet 가 = ka 거 = keo 겨 = kyeo a two-syllable first name.

In Korean, the
갸 = kya 기 = ki 고 = ko surname always comes first which is
Vowels : -     바 = pa 버 = peo 부 = pu opposite of Western Names such as
ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ 뵤 = pyo 지 = chi 저 = cheo Doojin Pak instead of the Korean
method of Pak Doojin.
"a" "ya" "eo" "yeo" "o" 즈 = chu 조 = cho 마 = ma
When you are referring to someone
          머 = meo 무 = mo 나 = na
who you know well, then you may be
ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ 너 = neo 이=i 야 = ya able to refer to them directly, such as
"oo" or "yoo" 디 = ti 고 = ko 댜 = tya using their first name. However when
"yo" "eu" "i"
"u" or "yu" 요 = yo 오=o 도 = to youare introduced to someone to whom
      드 = tu 두 = too 그 = ku you are not familiar with, or am meeting
Consonants : - for the first time, then you would add
ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ -ssi to the end of the name. An example
"g" or " r " or When constructing a word, you must of this would be Doojin-ssi
"n" "d" or "t" "m"
"k" "l" add a mixture of consonants and
          vowels, beginning with the consonant Making Polite Sentences
ㅂ ㅅ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ at the beginning of the word. In some
"b" or " ch' cases, there is no need to use a
"s" - " ch " consonant at the beginning in which With verb stems which end in vowels
"p" "
          case ㅇ (null character) is used. such a ka-, ha- and sa- , it is possible to
make these into polite sentences by
ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
adding -yo to the end of the words, such
" g' " or ㅇ+ㅏ =아 a
" d' " " p' " "h" as Kayo ( which means "to go", or "I go"
" k' " ㄹ+ㅡ+ㅁ =름 rum or "he goes" ). Verbs in the polite style
ㄱ+ㅏ+ㅁ =감 kam can be used as statements, questions,
Note that " ' " means the letter is ㄲ+ㅜ+ㅇ =꿍 kkoong suggestions or commands, and may be
aspirated, i.e a sharp sound. ㅇ+ㅗ+ㅅ =옷 ot further emphasised by the tone of your
ㅇ + ㅓ + ㅂㅅ = 없 eop voice. For example, Chal Chinaessoyo
ㄲ+ㅗ+ㅊ =꽃 kkot may be both expressed as a question by
ㅎ ㅏ ㄴ
한 han   ㅎ+ㅏ+ㄴ =한 han asking how someone is, or can be a
+ + = question stating that you are fine.
ㄱ+ㅡ+ㄱ =극 guk
h a n       Another example is the more common
            Annyong Haseyo.
ㄱ ㅜ ㄱ More on constructing words
국 guk  
+ + =
한국 pronounced A syllable that consists of a consonant
g u k     HanGuk meaning and a "vertical vowel" is written with the
Korea Lesson 5 - Sentence Structure and
consonant on the left and the vowel on
the right order
ㄴ+ㅏ=나
n + a = na Korean Sentence Structure and
Word order
Lesson 2 Double Vowels (모음) A syllable that consists of a consonant In Korean the structure of sentence
and a "horizontal vowel" is written with differ to English sentences, for example
the consonant on top and the vowel the phrase Chal Chinaessooyo literally
  underneath:
ㅐ ㅒ ㅔ ㅖ ㅘ ㅙ ㅝ ㅞ ㅁ+ㅗ=모
means "Well have you been getting
m + o = mo on?" which is the opposite from English.
yei yer
eir ere where wo weo  
r e w In general the structure of the Korean
a If a syllable has a consonant, vowel, and
                  consonant, the final consonant, called sentences is broken down as subject -
ㅟ ㅢ               patch'im (meaning "supporting floor" in object - verb
Korean) goes to the bottom -- or floor -- "Jon the ball kicked"
weo of that syllable.
u we               ㅁ+ㅏ+ㄴ=만
i m + a + n = man

Lesson 4 – Grammer
"To Go" in order to do sentences
Korean Names There are a few words that you may add
to the end of verb stems at the end of
sentences, these include -yo which
Lesson 3 Use of Consonants (자음) and In general, Korean names consist of 3
syllables. makes sentences polite, and -ro which
Vowels (모음)
The first part is the Surname ( such as means "in order to".
Kim, Lee and Pak ), it is the followed by In some cases the verb stems may in
effect end in consonants in which case word stem -yo, attached to chu-, which
-uro is utilised. In context the oppposite of iss- is ops- means "give me please"
The order of the sentences for an which literally means "there isnt" or
example sentence of "in order to buy "there arent".
bread I am goin to the shops" is
restructured as "bread buy-in order-to Uses of the verbs Lesson 7 - Korean Names and Topics
the shops go" chogi issoyo means "it exist over there",
In Korean unlike English, the subject of or "its over there" In Korean, when you want to address
Issoyo on its own can mean "I have/he men politely, one would use the word
the sentences is optional like "I", then songsaegnim attached to their surname
the "in order section" is next, which is has" or full name, this literally means teacher.
then followed by "the place you are Opsoyo means "I dont have" or "I For example, one would say Yoo
going". havent got" Songsaegnim or with the full name Yoo
SangHyun Songsaegnim.
It is not possible to a Korean persons
in-order first name, such like SangHyun
(In go to the
I -to buy In a shop Songsaegnim. For that same reason,
English) shops when you use the ssi, you cannot say
bread When addressing a shop keeper or
Yoo-ssi, or Yoo SangHyun-ssi, but
waiters, Koreans use ajossi literally would rather say SangHyun-ssi.
bread meaning uncle, but is used as a general
(in I shops to
buy - in- word when addressing someone in a Addressing Korean women, in Korea
Korean) (optional) go
order to shop. women do not take their husbands
surname when they get married.
However if it were to be used in a For example if Mrs Han is married to Mr
formal way, it is only for the referral of a Kim, then she may referred to as Kim
The Konglish for this sentence in Korean man, songsaengnim-puin (Kim mr-wife), or
would be na-do ppang sa-ro kayo (I-do she maybe reffered to in a similar
For females the word ajumma meaning
bread buy-in order-to go). English terminology such as Misesu
aunt is used, for people over 35-ish, and
Han(Mrs Han).
for younger woman agassi is used for
young women.
* The construction can only be used in
verbs involving 'going' and 'coming' and
In Korean, we use a particle which
cannot be used with other verbs at the
comes after a noun that it relates to,
end of sentences. Using Copula to describe "this is
such as na-do (me-too).
that"
In English, it is the opposite, we would
say 'with-me', whereas Korean is 'me-
In Korean, if you want to describe A is
Lesson 6 - Asking for things with'. B , you will have to use special verbs
called copula. In Korea, this copula is
There Are / There is Using 'and' present at the end of a sentence, and
In Korean, the word for and is -hago, behaves a little differently to ordinary
The Korean verb which means either
verbs.
"there are" and "there is" is issoyo ( 있 this is a particle so when it is to be used
어요 ) it must be attached to a noun. For If you want to say A is B(like "This is a
They are dependent on the context in example, when you say 'burger and Korean book"):-
which you use them, and on what you chips', in Korean it would be 'burger-
hago chips. The word hago becomes A B-ieyo (or B-eyo)
are talking about. The stem of the verb this Korean book-ieyo
is iss- with the inclusion of o and the part of burger.
polite particle -yo, thus forming the The particle hago can also mean with It is obvious that you would use -eyo
ending -oyo. However in the case where such as, Doojin-hago shinae-e kayo when B ends in a vowel, but -ieyo when
meaning 'I am going to town with B ends on a consonant.
the verb stem ends in vowel, we use -a
or -o, such as -ayo. Doojin'.
songsaengnim-ieyo (is teacher)
soju-eyo (is soju)
Vowel Ordering with numbers
- yo When asking for 'one' item we say IMPORTANT to note that in Korean the
stem
'hana' which is said after you have copula is only used to describe when this
selected the meal you wish to order. For "is equivalent to".
Consonant if the last vowel It cant be used to say "is located in"(is
- ayo example we would say, soju hana
stem ends with -a or -o underneath", "is near") nor can it be used
chuseyo meaning "soju one give me to say "is a certain way" (i.e "is red", "is
Consonant please". happy").
- oyo
Stem The word chuseyo utilises the polite
 For example: -
Question in English = "Do you like
Korea ?"
Describing how things are
Answer in English = "Yes I do like it" or
Subjects and topics of Korean "No i dont"
Korean possess words which mean "is a sentences Answer in Korean = "No, I do like it" or
certain way". "Yes i dont"
Ottaeyo means is how?, as in: In Korean, we attach -i to the end of
As you can see...it can be confusing at
songsaengnim ottaeyo? ( How is nouns which end with consonants, or first, so you will need to think carefully.
teacher ? or What is teacher like? ) attach -ga to the end of nouns which end
saob ottaeyo? (How is business? or What in a vowel. By doing this, it is possible
is business like?) to give emphasis, on subjects in
sentences.
Kuraeyo literally means "it is like that", For example, songsaenim-i ( teacher ) or
and may be used as a statement such as maekju-ga (beer) give emphasis on each Where is it?
"it's like that", "thats right", "it is". of these subjects in a sentence.
On the other hand it may be used as a When asking where something is in
question Kuraeyo? meaning "is it like For a sentence , "The man kissed the Korean, you would say (X-subject)
that?", "really?" or "is that so?". dog", the subject in this case would be odieyo?
Korean has a special particle, used in However, it is also possible to say (X-
The man.
subject) odi issoyo?
attachment to place emphasis on what is
being talked about. On the other hand, when a subject is When answering a Where is question,
by adding -un or nun, it makes As for mentioned for the first time, the subject you must always use issoyo as a verb
Business or As for me. particle is used, but later on in a such that:-
-nun is attached to a noun, whereas -un conversation, this is switched back to the hakkyo-ga kogi issoyo ( the school is
is attached to a vowel. EG soju-nun (as topic particle. over there ).
for soju), Songsaengnim-un (as for The topic particle, is similar to that of
teacher). the english "As for", and is best used in
order to compare two things.
For example, as for me ( na-nun ), I
love shopping Using Korean sentences with but....
Lesson 8 - More on Grammar as for mum (ma-nun), she hates it.
We have previously seen that shillye
-hamnida and -jiman hamnida and the equivalent shillye-
jiman mean "Excuse me,but" or "I'm
Sorry, but...." .
In Korean, it is possible to add polite
There are lots of verbs where you may
endings to verbs, for example, shillye
Lesson 9 - Using Negative Copula's attach -jiman onto, here are a few of
hamnida (excuse me), which is
them:-
comprised of the verb stem shille ha-,
and the verb ending hamnida (note this ka-jiman ( goes,
Negative Copula ka- ( go )    
is the formal style). but .......)
There is also the verb and stem, shillye- ha-jiman
ha- ( do )    
jiman (I'm sorry but....) which is a In Korean, when you are trying to say ( does,but......)
abbreviation of the verb and stem shillye something is not something else, we use sa- ( buy )   sa-jiman ( buys,but.....)  
ha-jiman , containing the ending -jiman the negative copula anieyo. For instance,
which means but. When saying 'A is not B', we would iss- ( is/are,   it-jiman ( has,but....)  
say :- have )
mashi- ( drink mashi-jiman
cho-nun songsaengnim-i anieyo ( I am    
) ( drinks,but.....)
not a teacher ).
mok-jiman ( eats,
hanguk hakkwa-ga anieyo ( Not the mok- ( eat )    
but.......)
Asking a person Korean department ).
anj-jiman ( sits,
anj- (sit )    
but.....)
In Korean, there is a special verb which
may be used in the event where you Note that for the word iss-jiman the
want to ask someone if they are double ss is re-written to itjiman
someone.....for example "Are you Mr
Han".
We would use -iseyo, and simply add Answering questions with Yes and No
this to the end of a phrase. in Korean
Han songsaengnim-iseyo? ( Are you Mr
Han?) This is a tricky aspect of the Korean Using polite requests
Hangungmal songsaengnim-iseyo? (Are language, it is quite different to how we
you the Korean Teacher?) would speak in English.
In Korean, the word chom is used to The polite honorific -seyo can be used to
mean "please", however do not mistake make requests more polite, -seyo is used
it to mean the same as the English word when the verb stem ends in in a vowel,
and -useyo is used when the verb stem
for please for all occurances. For
ends in a consonant.
instance, when you use chom in a
request immediately before the verb at Examples of these are:-
the end of the sentence, it takes on the mashi- becomes mashiseyo
effect of please. ha- becomes haseyo
It is most frequently using in relation to kidari- becomes kidariseyo
chu- when making requests, for example iss- becomes issuseyo
anj- becomes anjuseyo
Han songsaengnim chom pakkwo-
juseyo( Can I speak to Mr Han ), or you If you want to request someone to wait
might use it in Soju chom chuseyo for you, you would say kidariseyo
( Please give me the Soju ). As you can (Please wait !!).
see, chom may be used to soften up The use of -seyo means that you have a
requests by making it more polite. special respect for the person, for
example if you say hansongsaengnim-i
hakkyo-e kaseyo ,you are saying Mr
Han is going to school. ( But you are
also showing special respect for him ).

Lesson 10 Numbers and Counting

In Korean there are two sets of numbers

which are used when counting, the first What you want to do ?
set are known as pure Korean numbers,
and the other are Sino-korean which is
based on the chinese numerals. Koreans use -ko ship'oyo which literally Rules:
The use of these numbers depends on the means want to, and this can be added to 01. If a character has a romanization
context in which it is used, for example a verb stem.
For example you may say, cho-nun with letters separated by an "/", that is
the pure korean numbers are used when
mok-ko ship'oyo which means I want to what the letter should be romanized as
counting hours, and the sino korean
when used to count minutes. eat, notice that when it is used, the -ko is the final letter when found at the end of
utilised by being added to the end of the a syllable. Example: 밥 (rice) would be
verb stem.
kong 0   bap. 02. When ㅅ is followed directly
il 1 shibil 11 ishibil 21 by ㅣ, it should be romanized as shi.
i 2 shibi 12 ishibi 22 Example: 다시 (again) would be dashi.
ishipsa 03. To avoid confusion of syllables, a
sam 3 shipsam 13 23
m hyphen can be used. Example: 후에
sa 4 shipsa 14 ishipsa 24 Making Suggestions
(after) would be hu-e.
o 5 shibo 15     04. When ㄱ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅂ are found
   
shimnyu When making suggestions, Koreans use
yuk 6 16     directly before vowel, they are
k -(u)pshida ( literally means lets do), as
romanized as g, d, r, b.
ch'il 7 shipch'il 17     you may have guessed, -pshida is
p'al 8 shipp'al 18     05. When ㄱ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅂ are found
attached onto verb stems ending in a
ku 9 shibku 19 ishipku 29 directly before a consonant, they should
vowel, and -upshida is attached to
ship 10 iship 20 samship 30 verbstems ending in a consonant. be romanized as k, t, r, p.
    Here are some examples:-
saship 40 Umryosu mashipshida ( Lets have a
kushi drink )
90
p
 
paek 100
ch'on 1000 Lesson 15 - Family Members
10,00
man
0 Relative Titles - 친척과 관계된 호칭

Older Woman – 아주머니 - ajumni

(aunt) [Polite]

Lesson 11 Using –seyo Older Woman - 아줌마 - ajumma

(auntie) [Less Polite]
Making requests more polite
Older Man - 아저씨 - ajussi (Uncle)

Elderly Woman - 할머니 - hal muh ni

(Grandmother) [Polite]

Elderly Man - 할아버지 - hara buh ji

(Grandpa) [Less Polite]

Father - 아버지 - ah buh ji

Father in law - 시아버지 - shi ah buh ji

Father in law - 장인어른 - jang in uh

reun

Dad - 아빠 - appa [Informal]

Mum - 엄마 - umma

Mother - 어머니 - uh muh ni

Mother in law - 시어머니 - shi uh muh

ni

Mother in law - 장모님 - jang mo nim

Siblings - 손위 형제 자매

Older Sister - 언니 - unni (If the speaker

is female)

Older Brother - 오빠 - oppa (If the

speaker is female)

Older Sister - 누나 - nuna (If the

speaker is male)

Older Brother - 형 - hyung (If the

speaker is male)

Younger Sibling - 동생 - dong saeng

(Regardless of speaker's gender)