RMO-2014 EXAMINATION CAREER POINT

Regional Mathematical Olympiad-2014

Time : 3 Hours December 07, 2014
Instructions :
• Calculators (in any form) and protractors are not allowed.
• Rulers and compasses are allowed.
• Answer all the questions.
• All question carry equal marks. Maximum marks : 102
• Answer to each questions should start on a new page. Clearly indicate the question number.

Q.1 Let ABC be an acute-angled triangle and suppose ∠ABC is the largest angle of the triangle. Let R be its
circumcentre. Suppose the circumcircle of triangle ARB cuts AC again in X. Prove that RX is perpendicular
to BC.
Sol. Extend XR produced to cut BC at D .

A
Now consider various angles in the figure.
Let ∠ABR = θ = ∠BAR θ X

∠RAX = A – θ
∠ARB = 180° – 2θ θ R
C
D
∠AXR = 180° – θ B

∠ARX = 180° – (∠RAX + ∠RXA)

= 180° – (A – θ + 180° – θ) = 2θ – A

A
∠BRD = 180° – (∠ARB + ∠ARX)
X
= 180° – (180° – 2θ + 2θ – A) =A 180°–θ

R
θ
∠CXR = 180° – (∠AXR) = 180° – (180° – θ) = θ B
∠ACR = ∠CAR = A – θ
∠CRD = ∠CXR + ∠XCR =θ+A–θ =A

R
Hence, in ΔBRC, (Note, ΔBRC is issosceles)
AA
∠BRD = ∠DRC = A
RD is angle bisector of ∠BRC B D
C

Hence RD ⊥r BC

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 RMO-2014 EXAMINATION CAREER POINT

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Q.2 Find all real numbers x and y such that x 2 + 2 y 2 + ≤ x (2 y + 1) .
2
1
Sol. x 2 + 2y 2 + ≤ 2xy + x
2
⇒ 2x2 + 4y2 – 4xy – 2x + 1 ≤ 0
⇒ x2 –4xy + 4y2 + x2 – 2x + 1 ≤ 0
⇒ (x – 2y)2 + (x – 1)2 ≤ 0
⇒ x – 2y = 0 and x – 1 = 0
1
⇒ x = 1, y =
2

Q.3 Prove that there does not exist any positive integer n < 2310 such that n(2310 – n) is a multiple of 2310.
Sol. n < 2310
n(2310 – n) = 2310λ
'2310' has factors 2, 3, 5, 7, 11
all are prime numbers.
clearly, n ≠ odd
Now
if n = even = 2k
2k(2310 – 2k) = 2310 λ
4k(1155 – k) = 2310 λ
⇒ 2k (1155 – k) = 1155 λ
2k (1155 − k )
⇒ λ=
3 × 5 × 7 × 11
Since λ ∈ 'I'
∴ k must be multiple of '3' ⇒ k = 3μ1
& simililarly, μ1 = 5μ2
μ2 = 7μ3
μ3 = 11μ4
∴ k = 3.5.7.11 μ4
in that case k > 1155
Which is not allowed. [hence proved]

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 RMO-2014 EXAMINATION CAREER POINT

Q.4 Find all positive real numbers x, y, z, such that –

1 1 1 1 1 1
2x − 2 y + = , 2 y − 2z + = , 2z − 2 x + = .
z 2014 x 2014 y 2014
1 1
Sol. 2x − 2 y + = ...(1)
z 2014
1 1
2 y − 2z + = ...(2)
x 2014
1 1
2z − 2 x + = ...(3)
y 2014

adding (1), (2) & (3)

1 1 1 3
+ + = ...(4)
x y z 2014
Now,
z
2xz − 2 yz + 1 = ...(5)
2014
x
2xy − 2xz + 1 = ...(6)
2014
y
2 yz − 2 xy + 1 = ...(7)
2014
adding (5), (6) & (7)
x+y+z
=3
2014
x + y + z = 3 × 2014 ...(8)
Now,
x+y+z
A.M. = = 2014
3
3
H.M. = = 2014
1 1 1
+ +
x y z
as A.M. = H.M. ⇒ x = y = z = 2014

Q.5 Let ABC be a triangle. Let X be on the segment BC such that AB = AX. Let AX meet the circumcircle Γ of
triangle ABC again at D. Show that the circumcentre of ΔBDX lies on Γ .
Sol. Draw AP⊥BX
AP ⊥r bisector of BX ⇒ BP = PX. A
∠BAP = ∠PAD
α α Γ
∴ BP= PD (equal chord subtend equal angle at same segment)
∴ In ΔBDX,
BP = XP = DP
X
∴ 'P' is circumcentre of ΔBDX which is lying on circumcircle of B C
ΔABC
D
P

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 RMO-2014 EXAMINATION CAREER POINT

Q.6 For any natural number n, let S(n) denote the sum of the digits of n. Find the number of all 3-digit numbers n
such that S(S(n)) = 2.

Sol. Let n = abc

where n = a×100 + b × 10 + c a three digit number
a + b + c = S(n); Here note that S(n) ≤ 27
Since S(S(n)) = 2,
It means sum of digits of S(n) is 2
Now, S(n) can be, S(n) = 2, 11, 20 only

Now Case-1
a + b + c = 2; possible cases are {0, 1, 1} gives 2 number and {2,0, 0} gives 1 number (ex : 200)
Total number in case (1) are 3

Case-2
a + b + c = 11
If a, b, c are non zero
then a + b + c = 11 {a ≥ 1, b ≥1, c ≥1}
⇒ a + b + c = 8 {give one to each}
8+ 2
⇒ number of solutions = C 2 = 10 C 2 = 45

If b & c one can zero a + b + c = 11

ordered triplet of
{(a,b,c)} ≡ {(2,0,9); (3,0,9); (4,0,8); ....(9,0,2)}
Total 8 triplets.
Each triplet has 2 arrangements
∴ Total = 8 × 2 = 16 numbers
Total number in case (2) are 45 + 16 = 61

Case-3
a + b + c = 20
a + b + c = 20 (No. of ways)
2 9 9 ⎯→ 3! / 2! = 3 ways
3 9 8 ⎯→ 3! = 6 ways
4 9 7 ⎯→ 6 ways
5 9 6 ⎯→ 6 ways
4 8 8 ⎯→ 3 ways
5 7 8 ⎯→ 6 ways
6 6 8 ⎯→ 3 ways
7 6 7 ⎯→ 3 ways

Total in case (3) = (3 × 4 + 6 × 4) = 36 ways

Total numbers = 3 + 61 + 36 = 100

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