Circuit description

Modern technology makes garments become smart. Weather

garments are necessary for people who are exposed to cold and hot
environments. It is possible for people to protect their vital organs
against cold and hard stresses in indoor and outdoor environments by
improving the functionality of garments. Such a system is expected to
reduce heat and cold related stresses, reduce fatigue and lead to a safer
working environment. The current technological solutions made the
people thermally comfortable such as air conditioning and heating units.
But these solutions give comfort only in their dwellings such as homes
and cars etc. These are not personal mobility solutions. The main
objective of this project is to create a comfortable environment for the
user with in an enclosed space of small proximity and also provides
comfort, practicality and mobility. The suits such as either heating or
cooling suits that are available in the market are in high cost. None of
them provide dual functionality such as either heating or cooling. The
proposed solution allows the dual functionality.

II. PROPOSED METHOD

The proposed work is Temperature programmable suit by

using Arduino Uno and peltier cooler. This system is based on liquid
cooling and heating suit. This suit will use tubes to circulate the water
throughout vest and have a heat exchanger that recools and recycled
water using thermoelectric cooler which was attached to the suit. The
heart of this circuit is microcontroller. The code for the microcontroller is
programmed to measure the internal and external temperature of the
suit and a push button has been added to control the internal
temperature of the suit. The main objective of this suit is creating the
most comfortable thermal environment for the user and measuring the
internal temperature of the suit. The heating and cooling of the suit is
done by distributing the water through the suit with the help of pipes,
peltier cooler and heat exchanger.

HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

The hardware implementation is a microcontroller based system. The

hardware implementation of the proposed system The heart of the circuit
is microcontroller. The microcontroller controls the all inputs and outputs
of the circuit. It heats and cools one side of TECs by using a relay circuit
that is enabled and controlled by a rotatory variable resistor. The voltage
across this variable resistor is used to pulse width modulate the signal to
the relay through software, allowing the user to adjust the gradient
temperature that TECs generate. The water reservoir is placed on the
TEC. The TEC is will be attached to the heat sink. The most pivotal part
of this heating/cooling of the suit is performed by the TEC-12706. The
thermoelectric cooler is an interesting device that allows the dual
functionality such as heating and cooling simultaneously. The The heart
of the circuit is microcontroller. The microcontroller controls the all inputs
and outputs of the circuit. It heats and cools one side of TECs by using a
relay circuit that is enabled and controlled by a rotatory variable resistor.
The voltage across this variable resistor is used to pulse width modulate
the signal to the relay through software, allowing the user to adjust the
gradient temperature that TECs generate. The water reservoir is placed
on the TEC. The TEC is will be attached to the heat sink. The most
pivotal part of this heating/cooling of the suit is performed by the TEC-
12706. The thermoelectric cooler is an interesting device that allows the
dual functionality such as heating and cooling simultaneously. The
thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is also called as peltier cooler. The peltier
cooler is a solid state heat pump which uses the peltier effect to move
heat. Thermoelectric cooler were selected with a maximum operating
voltage of 16.4V and 6.4Amp. It releases all heat from the hot side of the
thermoelectric device. Hence the water in the reservoir becomes cool
and the motor was needed to push the water throughout the cooling
vest. This cooled water will circulate throughout the vest with the help of
pipes that was attached on the suit. This system can be realized byusing
thermo electric effect, microcontroller technology and a bit of ingenuity .

Arduino Uno:

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller on a circuit board based on

Atmega328. It has 14 digital input and output pins in which 6 can be
used as PWM outputs. It also has 6 analog inputs, a USB connection, a
power jack, a 16MHZ ceramic resonator, an ICSP header and a reset
button. The Arduino Uno has Flash memory is 32KB ,SRAM is 2KB,
EEPROM is 1KB and the Clock speed is 16mhz.The Arduino Uno can
be powered through the USB association or with an external power
supply. The power source is chosen naturally

Thermo electric cooler/Heater: This application requires the

development of a system that requires both warming and cooling. The
thermoelectric cooler is an interesting device that allows the dual
functionality such as heating and cooling simultaneously. The
thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is also called as peltier cooler. The peltier
cooler is a solid state heat pump which uses the peltier effect to move
heat.Peltier effect was discovered by Jean peltier in 1934. Peltier effect
is a temperature difference created by applying voltage between two
electrodes connected to a sample of semiconductor material.
Fig.3.Thermo electric cooler/heater C.LM35 temperature sensor: The
LM35 sensor is a precision integrated circuit temperature device with an
output voltage is linearly proportional to the centigrade temperature. It
would be connected to the microcontroller.. As a temperature sensor,
the circuit will read the temperature of the surrounding environment, is
converted from binary to decimal via programming of the microcontroller
which we will be able to read from the computer of the Arduino serial
monitor. Here two temperature sensors are used for sensing internal and
external temperature of the suit. This is achieved through the code
loaded into the Arduino Uno board. D.Relay: A Relay is acts as a switch.
Relays are used to control the circuit with low power signal or several
circuits must be controlled by one signal. In this circuit we are using a
Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT) relay.It has 2 terminals and 4
connectors. A 12V battery is connected to relay and applying the load
such as TEC across the relay. When internal temperature sensor is
greater than potentiometer value then the TEC will becomes cool.
Otherwise the relay switches the load. Then the TEC will becomes hot.

Introduction When an electric current is made to flow through a junction

between two conductors, heat flux is generated at the junction. This
phenomenon is known as Peltier effect. Accordingly, a Peltier or
thermoelectric device transfers heat from one side of the device to the
other side with consumption of electrical energy. The Peltier devices can
be used as a heater or a cooler but they are mostly used in cooling
applications. Efficiency of these devices are considerably lower than that
of conventional compressor-based cooling systems. Peltier devices
operate at about 10% efficiency, whereas efficiency of a compressor-
based refrigerator is about 30% [1]. On the other hand, they have a
small size and weight and are highly reliable provided they are installed
and used in an appropriate manner. Peltier coolers have a long lifetime
exceeding 20 years. Peltier coolers have also no moving parts. This
makes them vibration- and noise-free; therefore, they need less
maintenance. Furthermore, as opposed to the conventional compressor-
based cooling systems, Peltier devices do not require the usage of
flammable or environmentally harmful refrigerants. Because of the
aforementioned advantageous of Peltier devices over traditional cooling
systems, they found a wide range of applications such as vehicle
refrigerator, automobile seat cooler, portable picnic cooler, residential
water cooler, computer microprocessor cooler [1-3]. A commonly used
thermoelectric material in such applications is bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3)
as it is one of the most appropriate thermoelectric material around the
room temperature. Alternating legs of p-doped and n-doped Bi2Te3 are
connected electrically in series and thermally in parallel. In the p-doped
legs, positively charged holes transport heat in the same direction as the
current flow, and in the ndoped legs, heat is transferred in the opposite
direction by negatively charged electrons [4]. The net outcome is that
heat is transferred from the cold side to the hot side in both legs.
Commercial coolers are generally composed of dozens of pairs of legs
in order to maximize cooling power [4]. There is a limited number of
studies in the literarure on thermoelectric cooling and on the
performance of the systems using thermoelectric devices. Dabhi et al.
[5] performed an analytical investigation on performance of
thermoelectric refrigeration systems. They concluded that the COP
increases up to a certain value with an increase in the current and then
shows a decrease with a further increase in the current. Nogueira and
Camargo [6] studied performance of an air conditioning system based
on Peltier effect. They concluded that maximum temperature difference
between the hot and cold surfaces of a Peltier device is one of the most
important parameters in performance of an air conditioning system. Bian
and Shakouri [7] investigated effect of inhomogeneous thermoelectric
materials on cooling performance of a thermoelectric cooler. They found
that cooling performance of a thermoelectric cooler increases
significantly when an inhomogeneous thermoelectric
material is used. Qian and Ren [8] investigated cooling performance of
transverse thermoelectric devices and found that transverse refrigerators
may propose higher cooling capacity with some compromise in
efficiency when it is compared to their longitudinal counterparts.
Palaniappan and Palanisamy [9] performed a numerical investigation on
thermoelectric refrigeration system for two different thermoelectric
material. Their results show that the heat absorbed by Bi-Te system is
considerably higher than that of Pb-Te system at ambient temperature
conditions. Rabari et al. [10] investigated heat transfer in nanocomposite
thermoelectric coolers. Results show that cooling performance increases
a considerable amount if nanostuctered thermoelectric materials are
used instead of conventional thermoelectric materials. Ahammed et al.
[11] made an experimental investigation on thermoelectric cooling of
electronic devices with a nanofluid in a multiport minichannel heat
exchanger. Thire results show that thermal effectiveness of the cooling
system increases with increase in volume concentration. Vian and
Astrain [12] developed a heat exchanger for cold side of Peltier pellets in
a thermoelectric refrigeration based on the principle of thermosiphon
with phase change and capillary action. Their results show that cooling
performance of thermoelectric refrigerators can be improved
considerably by incorporation of the developed device. Najafi and
Woodbury [13] conducted a numerical investigation on optimization of a
cooling system based on Peltier effect for photovoltaic cells. Result
shows that the photovoltaic cell temperature can be kept at a low level
by a thermoelectric cooling with a reasonable amount of electrical
energy consumption. In this study, heat transfer in a cubical container
filled with water and cooled by a Peltier device was investigated
experimentally to reveal the performance of thermoelectric cooling
Material and Method The schematic view of the experimental setup used
in this study is seen in Figure 1. The experimental setup consists of a
container, a Peltier device with a heat sink, 27 temperature sensors, an
Arduino microprocessor, an LCD screen and a computer. The container
used in the study is a cubical container with dimensions of length x width
x height:5.1cm x 4.8cm x 4.8cm. PVC was used as material for the walls
of the container except the cooled one in order to provide a good
isolation. To guarantee the adiabatic boundary condition, walls were also
covered by styrofoam of 1cm thickness. Aluminum was used as material
for the cooled wall to ensure a better heat transfer. The top wall of the
container is open to atmosphere. The Peltier device (TEC1-12708 type)
with a dimensions of 40mm x 40mm x 3.5mm was attached to the
vertical aluminum wall of the container by a thermal silicone paste. The
voltage and electric current of Peltier device with a cooling power of 66
watt are 12 volt and 5.5A amp. Heat is removed from the hot surface of
the Peltier device by a hit sink. Therefore, the hot surface of Peltier
device remains close to the ambient temperature. The temperature in
different locations of the container (three in each direction, 27 in total)
was measured by temperature sensors (DS1820 High precision 1-Wire).
Temperature measurements with these temperature sensors are made
using two bandgap-generated voltage sources [14]. One of the voltage
sources has a high-temperature coefficient and changes
deterministically across temperature. The other voltage source has a
low-temperature coefficient and does not change across temperature
[14]. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) converts the difference
between these two voltages to a digital value, representing the
temperature of the device [14]. The resolution of the temperature
conversion can be selected from 9 to 12 bits. The resolution in this study
was selected as 12 bit. The accuracy of temperature measurements and
conversion time depending on the resolution are given in Table 1. The
data measured by the temperature sensors are send to an Arduino
microprocessor. The data of several temperature sensors are sent to the
Arduino microprocessor with one cable with the scheme shown in Figure
2. The Arduino microprocessor used in this study is shown in Figure 3.
The temperature data are send to the LCD screen and computer by the
Arduino microprocessor. The computer is used to record the
temperature data.