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A New Roughened Bed Hydraulic Jump Stilling Basin (2009)

asian journal

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Jaime Guaman
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109 views11 pages

A New Roughened Bed Hydraulic Jump Stilling Basin (2009)

asian journal

Uploaded by

Jaime Guaman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ISSN 1996-8343 Asian Journal of Applied Sciences SCIENT http //knowiedgiascientitic. com Rrucacatan sai eer Asian Joumal of Applied Sciences 2 (5): 436-445, 2009 ISSN 1996-3343 © 2009 Knowledgia Review, Malaysia A New Roughened Bed Hydraulic Jump St ing Basin M, Shafai Bejestan and K. Neisi College of Water Science Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Alwaz, Iran Abstract: The main goal of this study is to introduce @ new roughened bed hydraulic jump stilling basin. To teach such idea, first a new expression was developed for sequent depth and hydraulic jump length. Then, hydraulic jumps were condueted on a bed of prismatic roughness elements in rectangular flume in order to investigate the jumps’ effects on the characteristies of stilling basins, The roughed elements are glued on the bed of the flume downstream of ogee spllways in such a way that the ineoming water jet is just above the clement surface. Each rough element shape was tested under different Froude numbers, ranging 4.5 to 12. During each tet, the water surface profile, the roller length and the jump length were measured and the longitudes and vertical flow velocity were also measured in some tests. Applying experimental results, the shear force coefficient was found. The results indicate that the presence of ¢ rough element ean increase the shear foree and, consequently, redce the jump Tength and sequent depth of flow. Comparison ofthe results with previous studies shows that using the new roughened bed, the length of the basin can be decrease as low as 40% of the regular basins Key words: Stilling basins, hydraulic jump, roughened bed, jump length, sequent depth INTRODUCTION Hydraulic jump stiling basins are type of irgation structures which are constructed downstream of chutes, gates and spillway’ to dissipate excess kinetic energy. The dimensions of such structure «depend on the jump length and the sequent depth of the jump. During the past decades attempt have been made to reduce the size of this structures by forcing the jump to oceur using the blocks and end sills within the basin. Peterka (1978) classified the hydraulic jump into five categories based on the upstream Froude numbers. He conducted extensive experimental tests and introduce four types of hydraulic jump stilling basins. Type I, is a classical hycraulic jump type stilling basin (Fig. 1). The ‘Typot besa dimensions Fig. 1: USBR type I stilling basin Corresponding Author: Mahmood Shaei Bejesten, College of Water Science Engineering, Shabid Chars Universi, Awaz, ra 136 Asian J. Applied Set, 2 (5): 436-445, 2009 basin cross section is rectangular of horizontal smooth bed. The length of such basin is equal to 6y,and the required talwater depth for best occurrence of the jump within the basin should be 1.1 y;, Where Yo is the subcritical flow depth. This type of basin is suitable for low Froude numbers. When the Froude number is greater than 4.5, the stilling basin of Type I or ‘Type III is recommended. In ‘Type Il, Fig. 2, a series of chute blocks has bezn considered atthe upstream of the basin to guaranty the start of the jump and to separated the incoming jet into several jets and atthe endl a continuous or dentate sills have been designed to force the jump to occur within the jump and not to move downstream of the basin. Length of Type II basin is les than the Type I and approximately is equal to4.5 and the required tailwater depth is y, In Type IM stilling basin, Fig. 3, baffle blocks also have Fig, 2: USBR type II stilling basin Fig. 3: USBR type III stilling basin 437 Asian J. Applied Set, 2 (5): 436-445, 2009 Fig. 4: USBR type IV stilling basin ‘been added for dispreading the incoming jet and mixing the jets into the water body of the basin. This vill create more turbulence and dissipate more kinetic energy results a shorter basin up to 60% ‘compare to the Type I. Since, bafile block within the basin can protrude into the flow which may cause cavitations problems and damaged the basin, Type III must not considered for the places where the incoming flow jet velocity is more than 16 m see“. The Type IV stilling basin (Fig. 4) developed by Peterka (1978), for the incoming Froude number ranged 2.5 10 4.5, In type IV, the chute blocks and continues end sill have been considered. The length and sequent depth of this basin are the same as ‘Type stilling basin, Similar to Type Il, chute blocks, baffle blocks and end sill have been considered in SAF basin. The length and the required tailwater depth of flow in SAF basin is less than Type Il basin, Figure 5 shows the SAF basin. In earlier study, it is also developed a silling basin for low Froude number(ess than 4.5) using chute blocks, wedged-shaped baflle pier and end sill (Fig. 6). This basin has the same length as SAF basin. But the required tailwater depth is smaller than SAF basin. In anattempt to develop economic stilling basin structures, Hughes and Flack (1984) also carried out experimental tests on hydraulic jumps over a bed of block elements and found that, the boundary layers would develop faster and the jump dimensions would deetease considerably, Mohammad Ali (1991) performed a series of experiments on a rough bed using cubed block elements and found that the hydraulic jump length is reduced ranges from 27.4 to about 67.4% for F, ranging from 4 to 10. Alfani (1994) conducted experiments on a horizontal rectangular channel bed using rough wooden blocks over fixed length with different densities, Eade al. (2000) performed tests on turbulent open channel flow ina circular comugated culvert and found thatthe intense mixing induced by the rough bed produced significant Reynolds shear stresses and significant reduction in the velovty field above the comugation. Ead and Rajaratnam (2002) performed an experimental study on hydraulic jump over a round comugeted bed. Their results indicated that the integrated bed’s shear stress on the corrugated bed was about ten times that on smooth beds, Carolo eral, (2007) proposed an expression for the integrated beds shear stress foree ofa jump over a rough bed. They applied the experimental data of Hughes and Flack (1984) for block roughness height ranging from 0,32-1.04 em and developed relationship for shear force coefficient as function of hy/y, where hy is the height of rough element 438 Asian J. Applied Set, 2 (5): 436-445, 2009 Fig, 5: SAF stiling basin Fig. 6: Pillari’s stilling basin Izadjoo and Shafai-Bejestan (2007) conducted hydraulic jump tests on a bed of trapezoidal-shaped corrugated roughness, Their results indicated thatthe integrated shear force in rough bed is ten times that in smooth bed. Recently Carolo et al, (2007) performed extensive tests on jump over a natural roughened bed. Different natural gravels and cobbles of median size ranging from 0.46 to 3.2 em under

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