A Comprehensive Commentary

of the

Book of Mormon

together with references for further study

from the General Conferences of
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
the Encyclopedia of Mormonism
and other doctrinal texts by General Authorities of the Church

Written and compiled by

Paul Nolan Hyde

Parrish Press
Orem, Utah
Copyright © 2010; 2015 by Paul Nolan Hyde, Ph.D.
All rights reserved.

First Electronic Edition Copyright © 2015

Parrish Press, Orem, Utah
1842 South 50 East
Orem, Utah 84058

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 Preface

This project began as an attempt to provide my children and grandchildren something of their
ancestor’s love and understanding of the scriptures. I began producing volumes many years ago
which I was pleased to call Paraphrastic studies. I wrote one of these studies for each of the four
Gospels and the letters of Paul. Eventually, however, I began to sense that there was much that I
knew about the New Testament that my “translations” could not communicate. I therefore thought
to write a comprehensive commentary on the entire New Testament, beginning with Matthew and
concluding with the book of Revelation. As I published each of the nine volumes, I included the
paraphrastic studies, where I had them, in conjunction with the commentary for each book in the
New Testament. I began this project in 2005 and completed the final volume in 2010. The whole
effort was a delight to my soul.
A year before I retired from the Church Educational System, in 2003, I thought to produce an
1830 formatting of the Book of Mormon using the present text of the 1981 edition. This was a
relatively easy task, given the technology available to me. I distributed these to my colleagues at the
Orem Institute of Religion, members of my family, and a few other interested parties for the cost of
printing and binding them. Sometime in the early spring of 2007, I was impressed to begin a verse
by verse commentary on the Book of Mormon, a task that I had not presumed to attempt, inasmuch
as there are no translation difficulties that abound in the Old and New Testaments. Yet, there were
instances of nineteenth-century word usage and syntactic issues that I thought a commentary might
help to clarify. As I began, however, I discovered that there was much more that I could communi-
cate to my children of my understanding of the ancient record of the Nephites, material that I had
gleaned as I taught the scriptures during my thirty-five year career with CES. This labor eventually
produced five volumes of moderate size. As I published each segment of the commentary, I enclosed
the 1830 formatting of each book in the Book of Mormon that I had devise several years before. The
last volume also appeared in late 2010.
By the time that I was fully engaged with writing commentaries on both the New Testament
and the Book of Mormon, I had become infatuated with the idea that I might be able to expand the
commentaries to include the other volumes of scripture as well. Thus, in the winter of 2010 I began
writing commentaries on the Pearl of Great Price, and the Doctrine and Covenants. Once I finished
with the Pearl of Great Price, I began to move ahead with the book of Genesis and the rest of the
Old Testament. In the late fall of 2014 I finished the last of the commentaries on the Old Testa-
ment, for a total of thirty-three printed and bound volumes. With these volumes and the others
produced over the past ten years, I have completed commentary on every verse of the Standard
Works of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
My procedure for writing the Commentary was similar to that used in creating the original
paraphrastic studies. The same reference texts were employed. For difficult words in Greek, Hebrew,

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and English I resorted to the works of James Strong and other lexicographers for linguistic insight.
I consider the contributions made by conservative Protestant scholarship (as recorded in the New
International Version) and conservative Catholic scholarship (as related in the New Jerusalem Bible).
I resorted to the considered thought of Adam Clarke, one of the most prominent and prolific com-
mentators on the sacred manuscripts available at the beginning of the nineteenth century, and who,
I believe, was a man of great faith. I consulted with the Joseph Smith Translation at appropriate times
(including in another column an indication that a JST change had been made for any given verse),
and frequently to the writings of the General Authorities of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-
day Saints, as I contemplated the possible meanings of each word and phrase. From time to time I
resorted to Smith’s Bible Dictionary and Discovering the World of the Bible by LaMar Berrett for some
of the more arcane information that I thought would illuminate the text.
I have attempted to maintain a steady course throughout my commentaries, treating each verse
as unique, and where appropriate, duplicate notes and the text rather than use cross-references
within the volume. Some may find this a waste of paper and ink, but I frankly dislike having to rifle
through pages or volumes trying to find the first instance of the note or commentary. The
duplications are easily ignored; fumbling through pages cannot be. It is in the best interests of the
reader, however, to contemplate the reasons why such duplications exist in the biblical text in the
first place. They are purposeful and I have attempted to point out their purpose as I have progressed
through each volume.
My numbering system for the notes used in the body of the commentary was adapted from
historical linguistic texts with which I am familiar and which I had found quite useful. The pattern
used is chapter.verse.word; thus note “3.4.5” would contain material referring to the fifth word in
the book of Hosea 3:4, for example. I make no comprehensive promises regarding the preciseness of
my word count in any particular verse, but it will be close enough to eliminate any distressing
confusion. Inasmuch as I began this series with the Gospel of Matthew, there will be times when I
will make reference to my own work in that first volume. Sometimes there will be no more than a
reference, “MT-C 23.4.5”; other times I may quote directly from the original text. In either case my
sole motivation will be to facilitate the flow of ideas rather than to multiply words. There are enough
words already. References to the Commentaries on other books of the New Testament are abbre-
viated as follows:

Matthew—MT-C Ephesians—EP-C Hebrews—HB-C

Mark—MK-C Philippians—PP-C 1 Peter—1 PE-C
Luke—LK-C Colossians—CL-C 2 Peter—2 PE-C
John—JN-C 1 Thessalonians—1 TH-C 1 John—1 JN-C
Acts—AC-C 2 Thessalonians—2 TH-C 2 John—2 JN-C
Romans—RM-C 1 Timothy—1 TM-C 3 John—3 JN-C
1 Corinthians—1 CO-C 2 Timothy—2 TM-C Revelation—RV-C
2 Corinthians—2 CO-C Titus—TT-C
Galatians—GA-C Philemon—PL-C

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 References to the Commentaries in the books of the Old Testament are as follows:

Genesis—GE-C 2 Chronicles—2 CR-C Daniel—DA-C

Exodus—EX-C Ezra—ER-C Hosiah—HS-C
Leviticus—LV-C Nehemiah—NE-C Joel—JL-C
Numbers—NM-C Esther—ES-C Amos—AM-C
Deuteronomy—DT-C Job—JB-C Obadiah—OB-C
Joshua—JO-C Psalms—PS-C Jonah—JH-C
Judges—JD-C Proverbs—PV-C Micah—MH-C
Ruth—RU-C Ecclesiastes—ES-C Nahum—NA-C
1 Samuel—1 SM-C Song of Solomon—SS-C Habakkuk—HB-C
2 Samuel—2 SM-C Isaiah—IS-C Zephaniah—ZP-C
1 Kings—1 KG-C Jeremiah—JR-C Haggai—HG-C
2 Kings—2 KG-C Lamentations—LM-C Zechariah—ZE-C
1 Chronicles—1 CR-C Ezekiel—EZ-C Malachi—ML-C

I have also made reference to the other standard works of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-
day Saints. The references to the Book of Mormon are articulated in bold and italics lettering using
the following abbreviations:

1 Nephi—1 NE-C Omni—OM-C 3 Nephi—3 NE-C

2 Nephi—2 NE-C Words of Mormon—WM-C 4 Nephi—4 NE-C
Jacob—JA-C Mosiah—MS-C Mormon—MM-C
Enos—EN-C Alma—AL-C Ether—ET-C
Jarom—JM-C Helaman—HE-C Moroni—MR-C

The abbreviation TPW-C refers to the material found on the Title Page of the Book of
Mormon and in the Testimonies of the Three and Eight Witnesses. The references to Sections that
are in the Doctrine and Covenants are indicated as DC-C followed by the section number and verse
(OD1-C and OD2-C are self-explanatory); The Pearl of Great Price references contained herein use
the following abbreviations: MO-C, AB-C, SM-C, SH-C, and AF-C.
In some cases I have taken on what some would consider controversial material. I make no
apologies for so doing. I have found that my children are best served when an issue is approached
head on, the differing points of view presented, and the rationale given as to why one school of
thought ought to be preferred over another. Sometimes the decisions are logically founded; others
the result of doctrinal points that are unique to theology of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
Saints. In most cases I have not argued authorities, even though I could have inserted multiple
references to the writings of scholars with whom I am familiar. I have chosen to have my sources on
any particular issue to remain anonymous in the text of the commentary for several reasons. First
and foremost, this work is my commentary, what I believe and hold to be true. In the end, that is
what my children wish to know. Secondly, I did not wish to have my children accept or dismiss a
particular view merely because of who had been the author of it. Many wonderful insights have been
made by scholars both inside and outside of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Wherein I have found one view to be preferable over another has not been a partisan matter, but
rather a matter of the mind, heart, and spirit cooperating together in an attempt to understand what
must be the truth. Thirdly, I have been quite clear who my “authorities” have been. It is my fondest

5
desire that my children would become as familiar with their writings as I have. Were I to cite all of
my sources with extensive quotes from each, there would be no need for them to open any of the
books that I have come to love. That, in part, is why I included the third column containing cross-
references to the various doctrinal works in the Commentaries. Exceptions to this practice should be
noted as being of extreme importance.
In addition to the text of the Standard Works, together with my own commentary, I inserted a
column of references for further study. The citations are taken from three major sources: the Con-
ference Reports of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from April 1980 to November
2002 (abbreviated as CR followed by the year, month, and page number); the Encyclopedia of Mor-
monism (four volumes, abbreviated EM followed by the volume and page number); and A Scripture
Index (a compilation of scripture references cited in various texts published by General Authorities of
the Church). For those not familiar with the abbreviations used in A Scripture Index. I include them
below:

TPJS—Teachings of the Prophet Joseph Smith PM—Promised Messiah

GD—Gospel Doctrine MM—Mortal Messiah (4 vols.)
MA—Mediation and Atonement MLM—Millennial Messiah
FWR—Far West Record DNTC—Doctrinal New Testament Commentary (3 vols.)
DHC—History of the Church (7 vols.) JC—Jesus the Christ
TSWK—Teaching of Spencer W. Kimball AF—Articles of Faith
MF—Miracle of Forgiveness DS—Doctrines of Salvation (3 vols.)
FPM—Faith Precedes the Miracle AGQ—Answers to Gospel Questions (5 vols.)
MD—Mormon Doctrine

As with each of the volumes previously published, I include two lists. The first, bound in front
of the Commentary, is a listing of all of the words and phrases upon which I have made extensive
remarks, a kind of sequential table of contents. I have also arranged this list alphabetically and have
placed it at the end of the Commentary as a kind of index. A comprehensive alphabetical index for
the entire volume appears as the last section of this book.
Needless to say that all of the errors in the material submitted herein to the reader are the
product of my own limitations as a scholar; all of the brilliance which may appear here is the product
of minds and hearts filled with the fire of the Spirit of God, from whom all truth and beauty ulti-
mately derive.

A Note on the Electronic Edition

Not only did my children and other family members receive bound copies of commentaries, but
there were a number of friends and neighbors who had expressed an interest in them. There were
requests from others who desired copies of what I had done, but I was not in a position to provide
them with hard copies. Inasmuch as I had all of the volumes in computer files, I thought to compile
each of the commentaries in some format that could be read on a smart device. I opted to use Adobe
Acrobat, turning all of the work into PDF files. I have used these on my tablet for many years and
have found them useful and far easier to cart about with me. In the early spring of 2015, my
neighbor David Dollahite arranged for a meeting with Jack Welch and Marny Parkin regarding the
possibility of BYU providing a dedicated web site so that there would be greater public access to my

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work. Thus began the present enterprise of editing and standardizing all that had done during the
last ten years. My commentary on the Gospel of Matthew is the first of these electronic volumes.
Within a year or so I hope to have all of the books available in the same format.

PNH
Orem, Utah
September 2015

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 Sequence of Specifically Noted Words and Phrases
in Mormon Commentary

1.1.4—Mormon 2.1.8–9—same year 2.22.8–13—three hundred and forty

1.1.22–24—Book of Mormon 2.1.19—Nephites and sixth
1.2.4—time 2.1.22—Lamanites 2.23.27—Lamanites
1.2.6—Ammoron 2.2.9—sixteenth 2.24.19—Lamanites
1.2.21—ten 2.2.23—Nephites 2.27.30—Lamanites
1.3.6–8—twenty and four 2.2.26—Lamanites 2.27.35—Gadianton
1.3.37—Antum 2.2.28–33—three hundred and twenty 2.28.3–8—three hundred and forty
1.3.45—Shim and six and ninth
1.4.9—Nephi 2.3.9–14—three hundred and twenty 2.28.16–19—three hundred and
1.4.14—remainder and seventh fiftieth
1.5.3—Mormon 2.3.17—Lamanites 2.28.27—Lamanites
1.5.8—Nephi 2.3.45–46—north countries 2.28.32—Gadianton
1.5.14—Mormon 2.4.14—Angola 2.29.3—Lamanites
1.5.20—Ammaron 2.4.31—Lamanites 3.1.8—Lamanites
1.6.9—eleven 2.5.13—David 3.1.16–17—ten years
1.6.20—southward 2.6.11—Joshua 3.1.30—Nephites
1.6.26—Zarahemla 2.6.17—west 3.2.22—church
1.8.8—year 2.6.20—seashore 3.4.18–21—three hundred and sixty
1.8.23—Nephites 2.8.11—Lamanites 3.4.27—Christ
1.8.26—Jacobites 2.8.50—Nephites 3.4.29—king
1.8.29—Josephites 2.9.4—Lamanites 3.4.32—Lamanites
1.8.32—Zoramites 2.9.12—Aaron 3.5.21—Desolation
1.8.42—Lamanites 2.9.60–63—three hundred and thirty 3.5.39—southward
1.8.45—Lemuelites 2.10.8—Nephites 3.6.16—Lamanites
1.8.45—Ishmaelites 2.10.25—Samuel 3.7.9–14—three hundred and sixty
1.9.3—Lamanites 2.10.27—prophet and first
1.9.6—Lemuelites 2.11.26—Nephi 3.7.17—Lamanites
1.9.9—Ishmaelites 2.12.9—Mormon 3.7.20—down
1.9.18—Nephites 2.15.19–21—day of grace 3.7.25—Desolation
1.10.16—borders 2.15.57–62—three hundred and forty 3.8.4–9—three hundred and sixty and
1.10.18—Zarahemla and four second
1.10.21—waters 2.16.9–14—three hundred and forty 3.8.39—sea
1.10.23—Sidon and fifth 3.9.12—Nephites
1.11.8—Nephites 2.16.17—Nephites 3.11.8—Mormon
1.11.37—year 2.16.24—Lamanites 3.11.13–14—this time
1.11.49—Lamanites 2.16.37—Jashon 3.13.2—thrice
1.12.7—Lamanites 2.17.6—Jashon 3.14.18–19—Jesus Christ
1.12.29–30—four years 2.17.10—land 3.16.35—manifest
1.15.4—fifteen 2.17.12—Ammaron 3.17.1—Therefore
1.15.13—sober 2.17.29–30—had gone 3.17.6—Gentiles
1.15.30—Jesus 2.17.42—Nephi 3.17.13—Israel
1.18.3—Gadianton 2.18.6—Nephi 3.18.18—Israel
1.18.9—Lamanites 2.18.21–22—these plates 3.18.31—Jesus
1.19.9—sorceries 2.20.8–9—this year 3.18.41—Jerusalem
1.19.11—witchcrafts 2.20.8–9—this year 3.19.20—Jesus
1.19.13—magics 2.20.13—Nephi 3.19.41—Jerusalem
1.19.39—Abinadi 2.20.40—Shem 3.20.37—Christ
1.19.42–44—Samuel the Lamanite 2.21.13—Shem 3.20.49—Adam

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3.21.10–11—Jesus Christ 4.20.22—Lamanites 6.2.34—Cumorah
3.21.22—Jews 4.21.10—Nephites 6.3.11—Lamanites
3.22.24—Christ 4.22.8—Nephites 6.4.15—Cumorah
4.1.10–15—three hundred and sixty 4.23.4—Mormon 6.4.49—Lamanites
and third 4.23.8—Lamanites 6.5.3–8—three hundred and eighty
4.1.18—Lamanites 4.23.14—land and four years
4.1.21—up 4.23.22—Shim 6.5.27—Cumorah
4.1.29—Nephites 4.23.27—all 6.6.21—Cumorah
4.1.34—Desolation 4.23.31—Ammaron 6.6.24—Mormon
4.2.11—Nephites 5.1.13—Nephites 6.6.28—old
4.2.20—Desolation 5.3.8—Lamanites 6.6.43—commanded
4.2.32—Lamanites 5.3.21—Jordan 6.6.73—Lamanites
4.3.13—Teancum 5.4.17—city 6.6.82–83—this record
4.3.24—seashore 5.4.23—cities 6.6.87–89—plates of Nephi
4.3.32—Desolation 5.4.28—Nephites 6.6.90—Nephi
4.4.9—Nephites 5.5.22—destroyed 6.6.96—Cumorah
4.4.14—Lamanites 5.5.25—Lamanites 6.6.106–108—these few plates
4.6.8—Lamanites 5.5.39–44—three hundred and seventy 6.6.124—Moroni
4.6.17—Teancum and nine 6.7.22—Lamanites
4.7.8–13—three hundred and sixty 5.6.9–12—three hundred and eighty 6.7.30—fear
and fourth 5.6.15—Lamanites 6.10.8—men
4.7.17—Lamanites 5.6.50—Nephites 6.11.26—Moroni
4.7.23—Teancum 5.7.21—Lamanites’ 6.11.43—Lamanites
4.8.15—Nephites 5.8.5—Mormon 6.11.51—top
4.8.26—Lamanites 5.9.13—remnant 6.11.54—Cumorah
4.8.50—Desolation 5.9.21—Gentiles 6.11.57–58—ten thousand
4.9.20—Nephites 5.9.46—abridgment 6.12.18—Moroni
4.9.23—Lamanites 5.10.14—Gentiles 6.13.7—Gidgidonnah
4.10.8–13—three hundred and sixty 5.10.22—Israel 6.14.2—Lamah
and sixth 5.11.5—such 6.14.10—Gilgal
4.10.20—Lamanites 5.11.15—Israel 6.14.18—Limhah
4.10.25—Nephites 5.11.45—Jesus 6.14.26—Joneam
4.11.35—Nephites 5.12.8—remnant 6.14.34—Camenihah
4.11.39—Lamanites 5.12.13—Jacob 6.14.36—Moronihah
4.12.14—Lehi 5.12.41—hid 6.14.38—Antionum
4.12.22—Israel 5.14.11—Jews 6.14.40—Shiblom
4.13.8—Lamanites 5.14.25—Jesus 6.14.42—Shem
4.13.15—Desolation 5.14.28—Christ 6.14.44—Josh
4.13.27—Nephites 5.14.59—Israel 6.15.31–33—twenty and four
4.14.10—Teancum 5.15.23—Gentiles 6.15.41—few
4.15.9–14—three hundred and sixty 5.15.60—Lamanites 6.15.51—few
and seventh 5.16.20—Christ 6.15.58—Lamanites
4.15.17—Nephites 5.17.10—Christ 6.17.2—fair
4.15.22—Lamanites 5.19.26—Gentiles 6.17.26—Jesus
4.16.3—Lamanites 5.20.17—Gentiles 6.21.36—Christ
4.16.10—Nephites 5.20.41—Abraham 7.1.10—remnant
4.16.13–18—three hundred and 5.20.48—Israel 7.1.34—Israel
seventy and fifth 5.22.5—Gentiles 7.2.10—Israel
4.17.11—Nephites 5.23.33—scroll 7.5.24–25—Jesus Christ
4.18.8—Nephites 5.24.25—Jacob 7.5.40—Jews
4.18.14—Lamanites 6.1.14—Nephites 7.7.45—choirs
4.19.8—Lamanites 6.1.28—Lamanites 7.8.10—Jesus
4.19.15—Desolation 6.2.3—Mormon 7.8.18—Christ
4.19.35—Nephites 6.2.9—king 7.8.28–29—this record
4.20.14—Boaz 6.2.12—Lamanites 7.8.34—record

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7.8.40—Gentiles 8.12.31—Moroni 9.6.19—Jesus
7.8.43—Jews 8.13.16—Mormon 9.8.16—Christ
7.8.53—you 8.13.24—Nephi 9.11.18—Abraham
7.9.3—this 8.15.5—power 9.11.23—Isaac
7.9.13—that 8.20.4—scripture 9.11.28—Jacob
8.1.3—Moroni 8.21.29—Israel 9.12.4—Adam
8.1.16—few 8.23.5—Isaiah 9.12.21–22—Jesus Christ
8.2.25—southward 8.23.9—write 9.13.11–12—Jesus Christ
8.3.34—commandment 8.23.37—dust 9.18.6–7—Jesus Christ
8.6.10—coming 8.24.26—mountains 9.21.10—Christ
7.10.36—Christ 8.24.36—shake 9.22.5–6—Jesus Christ
7.10.76—Amen 8.26.52—miracles 9.24.3—signs
8.1.3—Moroni 8.27.2—it 9.24.10–11—my name
8.1.11—Mormon 8.27.12—saints 9.24.13—they
8.1.16—few 8.27.26–27—secret combinations 9.24.14–15—cast out
8.2.15—Cumorah 8.29.13—fires 9.24.21–22—new tongues
8.2.18—Nephites 8.29.15—tempests 9.26.43—Christ
8.2.25—southward 8.29.17–19—vapors of smoke 9.29.17—Christ
8.2.30—Lamanites 8.31.13—pollutions 9.32.22–23—reformed Egyptian
8.3.34—commandment 8.31.73–75—gall of bitterness 9.33.14—Hebrew
8.6.10—coming 8.35.18–19—Jesus Christ 9.36.6—we
8.7.4—Lamanites 8.38.36—Christ 9.36.20—Christ
8.7.10—Nephites 9.1.13—Christ 9.36.29—saints
8.8.18—Lamanites 9.2.10—visitation 9.37.5–6—Jesus Christ
8.9.18—Lamanites 9.2.31—scroll 9.37.34—Israel
8.10.17—Jesus 9.2.34—elements 9.37.49—Amen
8.12.4–5—this record 9.3.7—Christ
8.12.14—imperfections 9.5.24–25—Jesus Christ

10
 A Commentary on the Scriptures
by
Paul Nolan Hyde, Ph.D.
The Book of Mormon
0.0 We have noted the brevity of the book of 4 Nephi previously (see 4 NE-C *THE BOOK OF MORMON * p. 518
1.1). What is equally intriguing is the lack of connectedness between 3 and Morm.
4 Nephi when compared with the transition between 4 Nephi and Mormon. EM 1:156, 196,
It is for this clear association between the two narratives that in the first edi- 198, 213
tion of this commentary, 4 Nephi was included in the last volume rather than EM 4:1782
with the fourth volume. One may speculate as to why this counterintuitive
connectedness between 4 Nephi and Mormon might be the case, but perhaps
to no avail. We are not privy to Mormon’s schedule of composition. We do
not know precisely when he first began writing the book of Lehi, nor do we
know exactly when, at any given moment, he was working on any other por-
tion of his book. We do, however, know something of his life chronologically.

Year Event Scripture

310 Mormon born Mormon 1:2
320 Ammoron hides up records 4 Nephi 1:48
320 Ammoron commissions Mormon Mormon 1:2
321 Mormon taken south to Zarahemla (11) Mormon 1:6
321 War between Lamanites and Nephites Mormon 1:10
325 Mormon desires to preach (15) Mormon 1:15
325 War erupts again; Mormon is commander Mormon 2:1
326 Mormon leads Nephites (16) Mormon 2:2
327 Nephite retreat (17) Mormon 2:3
330 Mormon defeats Aaron (20) Mormon 2:9
334 Mormon’s first entries on Plates of Nephi (24) Mormon 1:3
344 Day of grace passed for Nephites Mormon 2:15
345 Mormon continues his entries on Plates (35) Mormon 2:18
346 Defense at city of Shem (36) Mormon 2:22
350 Treaty with Lamanites (40) Mormon 2:28
360 Mormon cries repentance (50) Mormon 3:2
361 Battle at Desolation (51) Mormon 3:7
362 Second battle at Desolation (52) Mormon 3:8
363 Mormon refuses to lead (53) Mormon 3:11
364 Battle of Teancum (54) Mormon 4:7
366 Lamanites take Desolation (56) Mormon 4:13
367 Lamanites driven out (57) Mormon 4:15
375 Third battle of Desolation (65) Mormon 4:19
377 (?) Mormon resumes command (67) Mormon 4:23
380 Battle of Jordan (70) Mormon 5:6
384 Gathering at Cumorah (74) Mormon 6:5
384 Records ensconced in hill Cumorah Mormon 6:6
401 Moroni finishes father’s record Mormon 8:6
401 (?) Moroni composes book of Ether Ether 1:1
421 Moroni composes book of Moroni Moroni 10:1

Mormon was commissioned by Ammoron to continue the narrative of the

Nephite peoples on the Plates of Nephi, which he did on at least two occa-
sions (see 1.3 and 2.18). It seems unlikely that Mormon would have begun his
own text until he had had opportunity to review all of the writings that were
part of the vast depository of Nephite records. The first practical time that

11
Mormon could have begun his researches took place during the 12-year period
between 334 and 346. The next opportunity would have been between 350
and 360 when the Nephites enjoyed a ten year peace. Another 14- or 15-year
period which could have been devoted to study and writing transpired while
Mormon refused to lead the Nephites because of their wickedness; that is,
between 363 and about 377. Mormon’s motivation for reassuming leadership
of the Nephite armies most certainly had to do with the preservation of the
records deposited at the hill Shim. These were transported from Shim to the
hill Cumorah during the eight-year flight before the Lamanite armies. It is
possible, therefore, that Mormon had as many as 35 years to research and
write that which we presently call the Book of Mormon. If Mormon had
finished the account of the visit of the Lord Jesus Christ to the Nephites
toward the end of his military hiatus or about the year 377, his brief treatment
of the events recorded in 4 Nephi and the seven short chapters in his own
book may very well have been written shortly after the battle at the hill
Cumorah, before his death at the hands of the Lamanites.

{Chapter I}
(Chapter 1)
{¶—1830}

1.1 When Mormon was 24 years old, he made his first entries in the Plates of 1 AND now I, Mormon, make a Morm. 1
Nephi. It seems certain that he did so again some eleven year later in 345. We record of the things which I have DS 2:195
have speculated about possible times set apart for research and writing prior to both seen and heard, and call it the JC 742
the final battle on the hill Cumorah. We have suggested that 4 Nephi and the Book of Mormon. MM 4:396
first seven chapters of Mormon were written shortly after that decisive battle EM 1:156, 165,
in which the Nephite civilization came to an end. It would appear that seven- 200, 213
teen years passed between chapters seven and eight of the book of Mormon. Morm. 1:1
We do not know how long Mormon continued in the flesh after his people EM 2:932
were destroyed by the Lamanites. He had hoped to compile what we now have Morm. 1:1–4
as the book of Ether (see MS-C 28.19), but it is clear that he was not given AF 264
sufficient time to do so and passed that responsibility on to Moroni.
1.1.4—Mormon—The father of the angel Moroni and the compiler of the
record of the Nephite civilization and its dealings with the Lord God of
Heaven. He is, for the most part, the narrative voice from Mosiah
through the seventh chapter of Mormon.
1.1.22–24—Book of Mormon—This is, of course, in reference to the pres-
ent section of the book that Mormon wrote. It seems unlikely that
Mormon himself called his entire redaction of Nephite history by his
own name. We may undoubtedly point to Moroni, his son, as the ori-
ginator of that title.

1.2 Mormon was a precocious child, one who had been born of goodly parents 2 And about the time that Amma- Morm. 1:2
who had taught him a great deal about the language and learning of their ron hid up the records unto the CR90-O 69
fathers. He clearly was a boy of great faith, a child chosen before the founda- Lord, he came unto me, (I being Morm. 1:2–4
tions of the earth were laid to bring forth a great work that would be the about ten years of age, and I began AGQ 2:10
means of providing knowledge of the salvation of Christ to hundreds of mil- to be learned somewhat after the Morm. 1:2,15
lions of the children of God. manner of the learning of my EM 2:932
1.2.4—time—About the year 320 (see 4 NE-C 1.48). people) and Ammaron said unto
1.2.6—Ammaron—The brother of Amos who served as the custodian of me: I perceive that thou art a sober
the vast historical repository of the Nephite people (see 4 NE-C 1.47). child, and art quick to observe;
He hid the entire collection of plates in the hill Shim located in the
land of Antum, north of the narrow neck of land and the land of Deso-
lation (see 4 NE-C 1.48 and 1.3).

12
 1.2.21—ten—This makes it possible to determine that Mormon was born
about the year 310.

1.3 Mormon did exactly as he was commanded, resorting to the hill Shim 3 Therefore, when ye are about
when he turned twenty-four years of age (see 2.17). It is clear that he went a twenty and four years old I would
second time eleven years later (see 2.16–18). that ye should remember the things
1.3.6–8—twenty and four—About the year 334. that ye have observed concerning
1.3.37—Antum—This is the only place in the narrative of the Book of this people; and when ye are of that
Mormon where this place name appears. The city of Jashon (see 2.17) age *go to the land Antum, unto a * p. 519
and the hill Shim were located there. It is reasonable to conclude that hill which shall be called Shim; and
the land of Antum lay north of the narrow neck of land and the land of there have I deposited unto the
Desolation. The lands of David and Joshua and the city of Angola lay Lord all the sacred engravings
between the city of Jashon and the narrow neck of land (see 2.3–7). concerning this people.
1.3.45—Shim—The hill in the land of Antum and near the city of Jashon
within which the prophet Ammoron secretly hid all of the records of
the Nephites. Mormon would later remove all of the records from the
hill Shim and transport them to the hill Cumorah (see 4.23 and 6.6).
Some scholars have suggested that the hill Shim mentioned in the book
of Ether should be understood as the same named here (see ET-C 9.3).
Within the geographical and narrative context of the Nephites and the
Jaredites, this conclusion is not without merit. It is probable that the
hill Shim was located somewhere in modern Nicaragua.

1.4 During the fourteen years from the time of Ammoron’s commission until 4 And behold, ye shall take the Morm. 1:4
his twenty-fourth year, Mormon was privy to the wickedness and warfare of plates of Nephi unto yourself, and EM 1:197
the Nephites. At fifteen he was forbidden to preach the Gospel to a recalci- the remainder shall ye leave in the
trant people; at sixteen he was the commander in chief of all of the armies of place where they are; and ye shall
the Nephites; at age twenty he and his army defeated the arch-villain Aaron engrave on the plates of Nephi all
(see 1.0). the things that ye have observed
1.4.9—Nephi—It is most likely that Mormon is referring to the set of concerning this people.
plates that Nephi, the disciple of Jesus, kept during his lifetime which
was subsequently passed on to his son Nephi (see 4 NE-C 1.19). Amos,
the son of Nephi continued his record on the same set of plates, as did
his own sons Amos and Ammoron (see 4 NE-C 1.21 and 4 NE-C 1.47).
1.4.14—remainder—We must assume that this collection of plates was
enormous, perhaps many wagonloads of plates, upon which several
hundreds of years of history had been preserved by the political and
religious leaders of the Nephites.

1.5 Through his faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, his devotion to the truth, and 5 And I, Mormon, being a Morm. 1:5
his allegiance to the traditions of his fathers, the boy Mormon was deeply descendant of Nephi, (and my EM 1:191
impressed by Ammoron’s instructions, so much so that he did not fail to father’s name was Mormon) I
observe all that he had been commanded to do. remembered the things which
1.5.3—Mormon—The father of the angel Moroni and the compiler of the Ammaron commanded me.
record of the Nephite civilization and its dealings with the Lord God of
Heaven. He is, for the most part, the narrative voice from Mosiah
through the seventh chapter of Mormon.
1.5.8—Nephi—Here we are at a bit of a quandary as to which Nephi Mor-
mon is referring. If he is testifying that he is a descendant of Nephi, the
son of Lehi, there are at least two ways in which he could make his
claim. First, that he was a literal genetic descendant, rather than a
descendant of Mulek or Zarahemla. Second, he could be saying that he
was a disciple of Christ and had been so since his youth. There is a
possibility that he is speaking of one of the other men named Nephi
who appear in the narrative of the Book of Mormon. Ammoron had

13
 been counseling Mormon about the records upon which he was to
record his own observations, calling them the Plates of Nephi, meaning
those that had been crafted by the disciple of Jesus. This fact would
have made his particular commission quite poignant, inasmuch as
Mormon would have been a direct line descendant of an Apostle of the
Lord Jesus Christ. Exactly how he and his father were related to Nephi
we are not told, but we cannot doubt the connection.
1.5.14—Mormon—This is the only time that the father of Mormon and
the grandfather of Moroni is mentioned by name in the narrative of the
Book of Mormon. Apparently, both Mormon and his son were named
after the place where Alma the elder organized the Church of Christ in
the land of Lehi-Nephi (see 3 NE-C 5.12).
1.5.20—Ammaron—The brother of Amos who served as the custodian of
the vast historical repository of the Nephite people (see 4 NE-C 1.47).
He hid the entire collection of plates in the hill Shim located in the
land of Antum, north of the narrow neck of land and the land of
Desolation (see 4 NE-C 1.48 and 1.3).

1.6 The implication here is that Mormon and his son were living in the land 6 And it came to pass that I, being
northward when Ammoron visited with the ten years old. How close to the eleven years old, was carried by my
land Antum or the city of Jershon Mormon lived is debatable, but is seems father into the land southward,
likely that he was acquainted with the region if he did not live within the even to the land of Zarahemla.
boundaries. We are also at a loss as to how far north of the narrow neck of
land Mormon lived during the first ten years of his life. Some scholars have
suggested that it was a considerable distance, even nearby the hill Cumorah
(see 1.3.45). This conclusion is perhaps a bit far-fetched.
1.6.9—eleven—This would have been about the year 321.
1.6.20—southward—That is to say, south of the narrow neck of land.
1.6.26—Zarahemla—The capital city of the land of Zarahemla lay to the
north in the land of Zarahemla, the river Sidon being on the east, and
the Hermounts on the west, assuming that the destruction at the time
of the crucifixion of the Savior did not radically alter the configuration
of the land.

1.7 We should probably conclude that the land between the narrow neck of 7 The whole face of the land had
land and the narrow strip of wilderness, north to south, is what is meant here. become covered with buildings,
Where there had once been isolated communities like Zarahemla, Gideon, and the people were as numerous
Bountiful, Moroni, and Noah, the whole land of Zarahemla was a developed almost, as it were the sand of the
cosmopolitan area. sea.

1.8 We concluded earlier that these divisive names among the descendants of 8 And it came to pass in this year Morm. 1:8
Lehi were instituted by the Lamanites, but received by the spiritually waning there began to be a war between EM 1:160, 192,
Nephites (see 4 NE-C 1.36–39). the Nephites, who consisted of the 194
1.8.8—year—That is to say, the year that Mormon and his father left the Nephites and the Jacobites and the Morm. 1:8–9
land northward to go into the land southward, or about the year 321. Josephites and the Zoramites; and EM 1:193, 201
1.8.23—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided this war was between the Nephites,
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ. and the Lamanites and the Lemuel-
1.8.26—Jacobites—In reference to Jacob, another son of Lehi, who became ites and the Ishmaelites.
the spiritual guide of the Nephites after the death of his brother.
1.8.29—Josephites—In reference to another brother of Jacob and Nephi
who served as a priest and a teacher to his people.
1.8.32—Zoramites—In reference to the servant of Laban who escaped
from the city of Jerusalem with the families of Lehi and Ishmael, who
proved to be a lifelong friend of Nephi and his family.
1.8.42—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who

14
 sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
1.8.45—Lemuelites—In reference to the second son of Lehi who sided with
his elder brother in most instances, demonstrating a woeful state of
spiritual insensitivity.
1.8.45—Ishmaelites—In reference primarily to the sons of Ishmael who,
after the death of their father, sided completely with Laman and Lemuel
in their machinations against Nephi and those who took his part.

1.9 As has been the case in throughout much of the history of the children of 9 Now the Lamanites and the
Lehi, those who were called Nephites constituted the faithful Christian com- Lemuelites and the Ishmaelites
munity of the western hemisphere. The Lamanites were generally those who were called Lamanites, and the two
deliberately rejected the Gospel, together with their posterity (see 4 NE-C parties were Nephites and
1.37–38). Lamanites.
1.9.3—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
1.9.6—Lemuelites—In reference to the second son of Lehi who sided with
his elder brother in most instances, demonstrating a woeful state of
spiritual insensitivity.
1.9.9—Ishmaelites—In reference primarily to the sons of Ishmael who,
after the death of their father, sided completely with Laman and Lemuel
in their machinations against Nephi and those who took his part.
1.9.18—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.

1.10 It is difficult to pinpoint precisely where this confrontation took place, 10 And it came to pass that the Morm. 1:10
inasmuch as the traditional course of the river Sidon began in the highlands of war began to be among them in the EM 1:156
the narrow strip of wilderness that separated the land of Zarahemla from the borders of Zarahemla, by the
land of Nephi. The stream proceeded northward until it emptied into the waters of Sidon.
ocean east of the city of Bountiful. What we do not know is if and to what
degree the course of the river had been changed by the great destruction that
took place at the time of the Savior’s death upon the cross. If the river’s course
and configuration did not change appreciably, we might conclude that the
conflict began in the far south of the land of Zarahemla at the headwaters of
the river Sidon, where many of the antagonistic incursions by the Lamanites
had transpired.
1.10.16—borders—We cannot pinpoint this region with any degree of
accuracy because of the possible changes that took place in the topog-
raphy of the land of Zarahemla.
1.10.18—Zarahemla—The capital city of the land of Zarahemla lay to the
north in the land of Zarahemla, the river Sidon being on the east, and
the Hermounts on the west, assuming that the destruction at the time
of the crucifixion of the Savior did not radically alter the configuration
of the land.
1.10.21—waters—We do not know whether this word refers to the river
itself or to another body of water fed by the river created at the time of
the death of Jesus.
1.10.23—Sidon—The major river of the land of Zarahemla. Although
there has been extensive debate about its course, the most likely flowed
from the land of Manti, northeast until it emptied into the waters of
the sea east near the narrow neck of land, near the city of Bountiful.
We cannot state with any accuracy how the course of the river might

15
 have changed after the catastrophic topological upheaval that transpired
at the time of the crucifixion of the Lord Jesus Christ.

1.11 One wonders if Mormon’s father was engaged in this first exchange 11 And it came to pass that the
between the Lamanites and the Nephites, if he were a soldier in the Nephite Nephites had gathered together a
armies. great number of men, even to
1.11.8—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided exceed the number of thirty thou-
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ. sand. And it came to pass that they
1.11.37—year—That is to say, the year that Mormon and his father left did have in this same year a num-
the land northward to go into the land southward, or about the year 321. ber of battles, in which the
1.11.49—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who Nephites did beat the Lamanites
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any and did slay many of them.
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

1.12 The design of the Lamanites was inspired by the Gadianton robbers that 12 And it came to pass that the
flourished among them. The robbers had many nefarious motives, but among Lamanites withdrew their design,
them were the destruction of the Church of Christ and the abolishment of any and there was peace settled in the
form of free government, both of which interfered with their desires to estab- land; and peace did remain for the
lish a despotic rule which permitted viciousness of all kinds. space of about four years, that there
1.12.7—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who was no bloodshed.
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
1.12.29–30—four years—That is to say, from about the year 322 to the
year 325.

1.13 For nearly 300 years the Three Disciples of Jesus had encountered 13 But wickedness did prevail Morm. 1:13
sufficient faith among the Nephites that they were able to labor with them in upon the face of the whole land, MD 507
some fashion to some degree. The truculence of those who even professed the insomuch that the Lord did take MM 4:395
slightest hint of Christianity was so pervasive that their ministry could not away his beloved disciples, and the Morm. 1:13–16
move forward. This is saying a great deal, given those trials and tribulations work of miracles and of healing did MD 793
through which they had already passed (see 4 NE-C 1.30–34). Notwithstand- cease because of the iniquity of the Morm. 1:13–19
ing that the Three Nephites had withdrawn from their public ministry, it is people. EM 1:156
clear that they were activity involved with those who still held to the truth and
kept the commandments of God (see 3 NE-C 28.25–28 and 8.10–11).

1.14 The Holy Ghost will not dwell in unholy tabernacles. There was little 14 And there were no gifts from Morm. 1:14
faith and less repentance among the inhabitants of the land. It seems doubtful the Lord, and the Holy Ghost did CR90-O 8
that any of the outward ordinances of the Gospel of Jesus Christ were being not come upon any, because of
performed. their wickedness and unbelief.

1.15 The implication here is that the vast majority of the inhabitants of the 15 And I, being fifteen years of Morm. 1:15
land were not sober, and because of their insobriety were completely insen- age and being somewhat of a sober AGQ 2:10
sitive to the whisperings of the Spirit of God. mind, therefore I was visited of the EM 2:749
1.15.4—fifteen—This would have been about the year 325. Lord, and tasted and knew of the
1.15.13—sober—Ammoron had mentioned this particular quality when he goodness of Jesus.
had met with Mormon five years earlier (see 1.2). The English word
“sober” derives from Germanic roots which mean “pure, chaste”. The
entry in Webster’s 1829 dictionary includes the following definitions:
“habitually temperate, not mad or insane, not heated with passion, rea-
sonable, serious, solemn, grave, gravity without sadness or melancholy”.
1.15.30—Jesus—The Anglicized form of the Greek transliteration of the
Hebrew name, Oshea or Joshua. At its root, “Jesus” means “Savior”.

16
1.16 The love and desire for his people was genuine, but Mormon was assay- 16 And I did endeavor to preach
ing to do something that the Three Disciples were not permitted to do. The unto this people, but my mouth
righteous frequently have deep and abiding feelings for their friends and fam- was shut, and I was forbidden that
ily, even when they are completely out of the way in their personal observance I should preach unto them; for
of the commandments of God. Mormon would have to wait a generation behold they had wilfully rebelled
before he was allowed to raise the cry of repentance (see 3.1–2). against their God; and the beloved
disciples were taken away out of the
land, because of their iniquity.

1.17 The curse upon the land would be manifested, in part, in that the hidden 17 But I did *remain among * p. 520
wealth of the Nephites could not be recovered by any of the wicked. This them, but I was forbidden to
“curse” also protected the vast depository of the Nephite records that Ammo- preach unto them, because of the
ron had hidden up in the hill Shim. hardness of their hearts; and
because of the hardness of their
hearts the land was cursed for their
sake.

1.18 The robbers were exactly that, and the personal treasures of the people 18 And these Gadianton robbers,
were the object of their avarice. Hiding up their wealth in the ground may who were among the Lamanites,
have preserved it from the secret combinations that abounded in the land, but did infest the land, insomuch that
those who ensconced their gold and silver could not find it again because of the inhabitants thereof began to
the curse. A similar curse manifested itself among the Jaredites toward the end hide up their treasures in the earth;
of their civilization (see ET-C 14.1–2) and they became slippery, because
1.18.3—Gadianton—Kishkumen’s successor who is credited for having the Lord had cursed the land, that
been sufficiently receptive to the spirit of the adversary that he was able they could not hold them, nor
to restore the ancient oaths and covenants that had existed among the retain them again.
Jaredites without resorting to the record that had been preserved by
Ether and later translated by Mosiah.
1.18.9—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

1.19 The whole of the general population, both among the Nephites and the 19 And it came to pass that there Morm. 1:19
Lamanites had turned themselves over to the influence of the desires and lusts were sorceries, and witchcrafts, and MD 246, 462,
of the natural man, and thereby they had become carnal, sensual, and devilish. magics; and the power of the evil 747, 840
1.19.9—sorceries—Without the guidance of the Holy Ghost, any person one was wrought upon all the face DNTC 2:82
seeking “spiritual” instruction would of necessity have to turn to darker of the land, even unto the fulfilling MLM 83
resources. of all the words of Abinadi, and EM 1: 7, 166
1.19.11—witchcrafts—Without the power of the priesthood being mani- also Samuel the Lamanite. EM 3:1259
fested among the inhabitants of the land because the disciples of Christ
were forbidden to exercise it, the wicked turned to other powers avail-
able to those willing to surrender their souls to the spirit of the evil one.
1.19.13—magics—We may mention those spiritual perversions like
“natural magic”, “celestial magic”, “superstitious magic”, or “geotic
magic”, all of which probably had currency among the wicked Nephites
just as they do in our day. The children of men are frequently far more
willing to be deceived by the machinations of a conjurer than to
exercise faith and repent of their sins.
1.19.39—Abinadi—A Nephite prophet called of the Lord among the peo-
ple of the land of Lehi-Nephi in the days of King Noah and Alma the
elder. We may not know exactly to which prophecies Mormon is refer-
ring, but given the state of affairs among the Nephites recounted by
Mormon in this verse, we may point to the first six verses of chapter 16
of the book of Mosiah, which we will quote here for convenience:

17
 And now, it came to pass that after Abinadi had spoken these
words he stretched forth his hand and said: The time shall come
when all shall see the salvation of the Lord; when every nation,
kindred, tongue, and people shall see eye to eye and shall confess
before God that his judgments are just. And then shall the
wicked be cast out, and they shall have cause to howl, and weep,
and wail, and gnash their teeth; and this because they would not
hearken unto the voice of the Lord; therefore the Lord redeem-
eth them not. For they are carnal and devilish, and the devil has
power over them; yea, even that old serpent that did beguile our
first parents, which was the cause of their fall; which was the
cause of all mankind becoming carnal, sensual, devilish, know-
ing evil from good, subjecting themselves to the devil. Thus all
mankind were lost; and behold, they would have been endlessly
lost were it not that God redeemed his people from their lost
and fallen state. But remember that he that persists in his own
carnal nature, and goes on in the ways of sin and rebellion against
God, remaineth in his fallen state and the devil hath all power
over him. Therefore, he is as though there was no redemption
made, being an enemy to God; and also is the devil an enemy to
God. (Mosiah 16:1–6).

Can there be any doubt that these verses can be applied directly to the
inhabitants of the land who willfully rejected the Gospel of Jesus Christ
and then subjected themselves to the will of the devil?
1.19.42–44—Samuel the Lamanite—Samuel the Lamanite prophesied
upon the walls of the city of Zarahemla about six years before the birth
of the Lord Jesus Christ. Samuel specifically speaks of the inability of
the Nephites to hold on to their treasures because of the curse that
would be upon the land (see HE-C13.18–39).

{Chapter I; continued}
(Chapter 2)
2.1 We are not privy as to what other qualifications that Mormon may have 1 AND it came to pass in that Morm. 2
had as a military man, but it seems certain that he was not an inexperienced same year there began to be a war DS 2:195
lad. It will be interesting to learn what military experience his father had again between the Nephites and the JC 742
obtained in the service of his nation and why it was that the boy and his father Lamanites. And notwithstanding I MM 4:396
had come to Zarahemla some four years before (see 1.6). being young, was large in stature; EM 1:156, 165,
2.1.8–9—same year—That is to say, the year that Mormon was fifteen (see therefore the people of Nephi 200
1.15), or about the year 325. appointed me that I should be their EM 2:933
2.1.19—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided leader, or the leader of their armies. Morm. 2:1
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ. EM 1:164
2.1.22—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who Morm. 2:2
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any EM 1:170
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

2.2 Even as a young man, Mormon had the stature and bearing of an adult 2 Therefore it came to pass that in
soldier, even as a commander of tens of thousands of men much older than my sixteenth year I did go forth at
himself. the head of an army of the Nephites,
2.2.9—sixteenth—That is to say, about the year 326. against the Lamanites; therefore
2.2.23—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided three hundred and twenty and six
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ. years had passed away.
2.2.26—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who

18
 sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
2.2.28–33—three hundred and twenty and six—The end of the 326th year
since the appearance of the signs announcing the birth of the Lord
Jesus Christ would have transpired sometime during the first half of the
year AD 326.

2.3 The series of battles begun here would continue for almost 22 years and 3 And it came to pass that in the Morm. 2:3–7, 16,
would terminate with a treaty that awarded the Lamanites and the Gadianton three hundred and twenty and 20–21
robbers all of the country south of the narrow neck of land (see 2.28–29). The seventh year the Lamanites did EM 1:156
initial surge of the Lamanites would bring the enemies of the Nephites in come upon us with exceedingly
possession of all of the lands south of the narrow neck of land and then further great power, insomuch that they
north past Ammoron’s depository (see 2.17). The Nephites would make a did frighten my armies; therefore
successful stand at the city of Shem (see 2.21–25) and then drive the Laman- they would not fight, and they
ites southward beyond the narrow neck of land when a truce was declared (see began to retreat towards the north
2.28–29). countries.
2.3.9–14—three hundred and twenty and seventh—The 327th year since
the appearance of the signs announcing the birth of the Lord Jesus
Christ would have included portions of the years AD 326 and 327.
2.3.17—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
2.3.45–46—north countries—It is difficult to speak with certainty as to the
geographical region Mormon is referring. The Nephites had success-
fully defended themselves from a Lamanite incursion in 321 (see 1.8–
11). This defense had probably been staged near the headwaters of the
river Sidon, in the southern parts of the land of Zarahemla. The retreat
of the Nephite army four years later may have been away from the
narrow strip of wilderness toward the land just south of the narrow
neck of land; that is, toward the cities of Zarahemla and Bountiful. On
the other hand, the defeats may have taken the Lamanites north of
those cities into the land of Desolation. Unfortunately for Book of
Mormon cartographers, we do not know exactly where the cities of
Angola (see 2.4), David (see 2.5), Joshua (see 2.6), Jashon (see 2.16),
and Shem (see 2.20) were located, although these latter two were
undoubtedly located north of the narrow neck of land.

2.4 This was the first of a series of crushing defeats for the Nephites during a 4 And it came to pass that we did
twenty-two year long war. come to the city of Angola, and we
2.4.14—Angola—This is the only mention of this city in the text of the did take possession of the city, and
Book of Mormon. It may have been located in the northern regions of make preparations to defend our-
the land of Zarahemla, or it could have been a community somewhere selves against the Lamanites. And it
north of the narrow neck of land. We cannot at this time be certain. came to pass that we did fortify the
2.4.31—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who city with our might; but notwith-
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any standing all our fortifications the
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate Lamanites did come upon us and
amount of pride. did drive us out of the city.

2.5 Although we cannot speak with absolute certainty, it would appear that 5 And they did also drive us forth
the Nephites were being driven from place to place toward the northwest. out of the land of David.
Whether this retreat was taking place south or north of the narrow neck of
land, we cannot at present say.
2.5.13—David—This is the only mention of this place name in the text of

19
 the Book of Mormon. It may have been located in the northern regions
of the land of Zarahemla, or it could have been a community somewhere
north of the narrow neck of land. We cannot at this time be certain.

2.6 The retreat north and west from the site of the first hostilities was filled 6 And we marched forth and
with dangers of all kinds and the growing prospects of a complete annihilation came to the land of Joshua, which
of the Nephite army. was in the borders west by the
2.6.11—Joshua—This is the only mention of this place name in the text of seashore.
the Book of Mormon. It may have been located in the northern regions
of the land of Zarahemla, or it could have been a community somewhere
north of the narrow neck of land. We cannot at this time be certain.
2.6.17—west—The Nephites were being cornered into a land which pos-
sibly limited their options considerably. If they were south of the
narrow neck of land, they were being forced into a region that may not
have provided them with easy access to the land northward.
2.6.20—seashore—The beach of the body of water which we recognize as
the Pacific Ocean.

2.7 The whole face of the land of Zarahemla had been covered with Nephite 7 And it came to pass that we did
cities and other improvements (see 1.7). It is from these diverse and populous gather in our people as fast as it
regions that Mormon is gathering his people. were possible, that we might get
them together in one body.

2.8 The Nephite army, greatly augmented by the citizenry from the urban 8 But behold, the land was filled
areas of the land of Zarahemla, stood in great peril. Unlike the calamities that with robbers and with Lamanites;
had befallen the Nephites in the past, the people did not concern themselves and notwithstanding the great
with the spiritual implications of their circumstances. They were bent on destruction which hung over my
destroying the Lamanites at all costs, filled with an almost indescribable blood- people, they did not repent of their
lust that manifested itself on every hand. In a letter to his son Moroni, Mor- evil doings; therefore there was
mon described an aspect of this loss of spiritual sensitivity (see MR-C 9.3–5). blood and carnage spread through-
2.8.11—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who out all the face of the land, both on
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any the part of the Nephites and also
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate on the part of the Lamanites; and it
amount of pride. was one complete revolution
2.8.50—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided throughout all the face of the land.
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.

2.9 Note that while Mormon freely numbers the combatants in this battle, he
does not discuss the fatalities on either side.
2.9.4—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who 9 And now, the Lamanites had a
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any king, and his name was Aaron; and
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate he came against us with an army of
amount of pride. forty and *four thousand. And * p. 521
2.9.12—Aaron—This king of the Lamanites is mentioned by name here behold, I withstood him with forty
and later in a letter from Mormon to his son Moroni (see MR-C 9.17). and two thousand. And it came to
The “king” of the Lamanites is mentioned twice more in Mormon’s pass that I beat him with my army
narrative of the final wars between the Nephites and the Lamanites (see that he fled before me. And behold,
3.4 and 6.2–3), but we do not know if either of these instances were in all this was done, and three hun-
reference to Aaron, but it is possible that they were (see MR-C 9.17). dred and thirty years had passed
Aaron is defeated in the year 330 and the next recorded commu- away.
nication between Mormon and the leader of the Lamanites takes place
30 years later (see 3.4). It is not beyond the realm of possibility, that
Aaron could have been the king of the Lamanites at that time. The
other mention of the king of the Lamanites takes place 24 years after
the second (see 6.1–5), just before the final conflict, but we do not

20
 know if Aaron still lived.
2.9.60–63—three hundred and thirty—The 330th year since the appear-
ance of the signs announcing the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ would
have included portions of the years AD 329 and 330.

2.10 Here were a wicked people surround by devils. The Nephites were terror- 10 And it came to pass that the Morm. 2:10
ized on every side by those who were willing to steal, intimidate, and assas- Nephites began to repent of their MD 462, 840
sinate to enrich themselves. Others among them had no compunction in iniquity, and began to cry even as
dealing with the powers of the evil one in order to achieve their ends. had been prophesied by Samuel the
2.10.8—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided prophet; for behold no man could
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ. keep that which was his own, for
2.10.25—Samuel—Samuel the Lamanites prophesied upon the walls of the the thieves, and the robbers, and
city of Zarahemla about six years before the birth of the Lord Jesus the murderers, and the magic art,
Christ. Samuel specifically speaks of the inability of the Nephites to and the witchcraft which was in the
hold on to their treasures because of the curse that would be upon the land.
land (see HE-C13.18–39).
2.10.27—prophet—A prophet is one who testifies that Jesus is the Christ.
This is a patently clear definition as one peruses the writing of the
ancient seers and revelators, none of whom wrote without bearing their
witness of the coming Messiah.

2.11 The Nephites had been filled with the same spirit as that which possessed 11 Thus there began to be a Morm. 2:11–13
the Lamanites (see 2.8) and would not repent of their wickedness. Three years mourning and a lamentation in all EM 1:98
later, however, the threat of sudden and complete deprivation of their material the land because of these things, Morm. 2:11–15
goods clearly distressed them. It is hard to be both wicked and poor. and more especially among the EM 2:933
2.11.26—Nephi—The fourth son of Lehi and Sariah. He proved to be a people of Nephi.
faithful follower of the Lord and a willing servant who did much to
preserve his father’s family from privation and destruction. His poster-
ity and the posterity of those who followed his example are generally
known as Nephites.

2.12 Mormon, like most of the Lord’s servants, was optimistic even in the face 12 And it came to pass that when Morm. 2:12–13
of utter ruin. So long as the Lord guided and directed him in his actions, he I, Mormon, saw their lamentation AGQ 5:110
believed that there would be an opportunity extended to his people to reclaim and their mourning and their sor- CR00-A 91
the blessings that they had forfeited through their rebellion. He therefore row before the Lord, my heart did
watched for any hint that might imply a willingness on the part of the begin to rejoice within me, know-
Nephites to turn unto their God. ing the mercies and the long-
2.12.9—Mormon—The father of the angel Moroni and the compiler of suffering of the Lord, therefore
the record of the Nephite civilization and its dealings with the Lord supposing that he would be merci-
God of Heaven. He is, for the most part, the narrative voice from ful unto them that they would
Mosiah through the seventh chapter of Mormon. again become a righteous people.

2.13 The Nephites saw death and destruction all around them, but it was the 13 But behold this my joy was Morm. 2:13
fact that they could no longer take pleasure or comfort in their wickedness vain, for their sorrowing was not MF 118, 363
that disturbed them to the core. Their wealth slipped away, their sense of unto repentance, because of the CR91-O 40
personal worth evaporated, and their ineffectual desire for self-gratification all goodness of God; but it was rather CR92-A 88
contributed to their frustration and misery. Frustration and misery in this case the sorrowing of the damned, CR96-O 27
did not motivate the Nephites to repent of their sins; they chose rather to because the Lord would not always CR01-O 97
wallow in self-pity. suffer them to take happiness in Morm. 2:13–14
sin. AGQ 1:72
CR89-O 103
2.14 The Nephites were filled with pride and insensitivity toward their fellow 14 And they did not come unto Morm. 2:14
men, coupled with a bitterness of soul which provided no comfort. All that Jesus with broken hearts and con- MD 161
was left to them was the fear of death; this was an informed fear, and not one trite spirits, but they did curse
derived from abject ignorance of what lay beyond the final blow of the God, and wish to die. Nevertheless

21
enemy’s sword. they would struggle with the sword
for their lives.

2.15 Tens of thousands of Lamanites and Nephites had been ushered into the 15 And it came to pass that my Morm. 2:15
spirit world totally unprepared to meet their God. We may say that they went sorrow did return unto me again, MD 619
there possessed by the spirit of defiance. They would find no peace in hell. and I saw that the day of grace was MF 363
2.15.19–21—day of grace—The Nephites no longer sought the blessings of passed with them, both temporally
heaven in any fashion. They wished nothing from their God, whether and spiritually; for I saw thousands
in their conflicts with the Lamanites, their prosperity, or in their of them hewn down in open rebel-
redemption from hell. They had become a lost and fallen people who lion against their God, and heaped
sought nothing but satisfaction of the spirit of the natural man which up as dung upon the face of the
possessed them every hour of every day. land. And thus three hundred and
2.15.57–62—three hundred and forty and four—The 344th year since the forty and four years had passed away.
appearance of the signs announcing the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ
would have included portions of the years AD 343 and 344. {¶—1830}

2.16 The Nephites had been gathering in the northwest portion of the land of 16 And it came to pass that in the
Zarahemla, if our observations have been correct (see 2.6–7). They apparently three hundred and forty and fifth
had been boxed in, awaiting almost certain destruction, when they overcame year the Nephites did begin to flee
the Lamanite king Aaron and his army (see 2.9). With the defeat of the before the Lamanites; and they
Lamanites, the Nephites would then have had access to the narrow neck of were pursued until they came even
land and the lands northward. Their flight in the battle recorded here no to the land of Jashon, before it was
doubt took them a considerable distance north of the narrow neck of land. possible to stop them in their
2.16.9–14—three hundred and forty and fifth—The 345th year since the retreat.
appearance of the signs announcing the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ
would have included portions of the years AD 344 and 345.
2.16.17—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.
2.16.24—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
2.16.37—Jashon—This is the only place in the narrative of the Book of
Mormon that this particular region is mentioned by name. It is likely
that it was located north of the narrow neck of land (see 4.19–23).

2.17 According to the narrative of the Book of Mormon, our historian visited 17 And now, the city of Jashon
the hill Shim on at least three occasions, even though it is clear that he was near the land where Ammaron
resorted there many times during times of peace. His first visit took place had deposited the records unto the
about the year 334 at the behest of the prophet Ammoron (see 1.3). This had Lord, that they might not be
taken place four years after the defeat of the Lamanite king Aaron (see 2.8). destroyed. And behold I had gone
The second recorded visit is related here which took place in the year 345. The according to the word of Amma-
third recorded visit to the hill Shim took place sometime after the second ron, and taken the plates of Nephi,
attack of the Lamanites at the city of Boaz (see 4.20–23), or sometime after and did make a record according to
the year 375 (see 4.16). The purpose of this latter visit was to remove all of the the words of Ammaron.
Nephite artifacts from Ammoron’s hiding place and transport them with the
fleeing Nephites until they were ultimately ensconced in the hill Cumorah
about ten years later (see 6.6).
2.17.6—Jashon—It would seem reasonable to assume that the city of
Jashon was located within the boundaries of the land of Jashon.
2.17.10—land—Mormon informed us earlier that Ammoron had hidden
up the records in the hill Shim in the land of Antum (see 1.3). We can-
not be certain, at this point in time, of the relative positions of the
lands of Jashon and Antum to each other.
2.17.12—Ammaron—The brother of Amos who served as the custodian of

22
 the vast historical repository of the Nephite people (see 4 NE-C 1.47).
He hid the entire collection of plates in the hill Shim located in the
land of Antum, north of the narrow neck of land and the land of
Desolation (see 4 NE-C 1.48 and 1.3).
2.17.29–30—had gone—The implication of this grammatical construction
is that Mormon had visited the hill Shim some eleven years before,
when he was 24 years of age, had written his account as directed by
Ammoron, and had replaced the plates of Nephi back in the secret
depository.
2.17.42—Nephi—It is most likely that Mormon is referring to the set of
plates that Nephi, the disciple of Jesus, kept during his lifetime which
was subsequently passed on to his son Nephi (see 4 NE-C 1.19). Amos,
the son of Nephi continued his record on the same set of plates, as did his
own sons Amos and Ammoron (see 4 NE-C 1.21 and 4 NE-C 1.47).

2.18 Mormon recorded all that had transpired among the Nephites from the 18 And upon the plates of Nephi
time he was ten (about the year 320) until he was twenty-four (about the year I did make a full account of all the
334). His account would not have included the horrific battles between the wickedness and abominations; but
Lamanites and Nephites which Mormon recounted in a letter to his son upon these plates I did forbear to
Moroni, which the latter eventually included in his addendum to his father’s make a full account of their
work (see MR-C 9.1–26). Mormon chose not to be explicit in the record wickedness and abominations, for
included here either. behold, a continual scene of
2.18.6—Nephi—It is most likely that Mormon is referring to the set of wickedness and *abominations has * p. 522
plates that Nephi, the disciple of Jesus, kept during his lifetime which been before mine eyes ever since I
was subsequently passed on to his son Nephi (see 4 NE-C 1.19). Amos, have been sufficient to behold the
the son of Nephi continued his record on the same set of plates, as did his ways of man.
own sons Amos and Ammoron (see 4 NE-C 1.21 and 4 NE-C 1.47).
2.18.21–22—these plates—In reference to the plates upon which Mormon
was writing; that is to say, the plates from which the text of the Book of
Mormon has been translated.

2.19 There would have been some consolation in knowing that one’s own soul 19 And wo is me because of their Morm. 2:19
was subject to salvation and exaltation. Mormon, however, had fought and wickedness; for my heart has been EM 2:933
bled with a host of men whom he would have considered comrades and filled with sorrow because of their
friends. To lose such men to the dominions of the evil one must have been a wickedness, all my days; neverthe-
bitter pill indeed. When one considers the sorts of iniquity engaged in by the less, I know that I shall be lifted up
Nephite soldiers and the purity of Mormon’s own heart, we can begin to at the last day.
appreciate the mixed emotions that Mormon experienced.
{¶—1830}

2.20 It is interesting that Mormon makes no attempt at this point to recover 20 And it came to pass that in this
the records hidden in the hill Shim, even though the Lamanites had overrun year the people of Nephi again
the lands of Antum and Jashon. It is clear that the Lord God was directing were hunted and driven. And it
Mormon in all of his activities. came to pass that we were driven
2.20.8–9—this year—That is to say, the 345th since the appearance of the forth until we had come northward
signs that announced the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ (see 2.16). to the land which was called Shem.
2.20.13—Nephi—The fourth son of Lehi and Sariah. He proved to be a
faithful follower of the Lord and a willing servant who did much to
preserve his father’s family from privation and destruction. His poster-
ity and the posterity of those who followed his example are generally
known as Nephites.
2.20.40—Shem—This is a land north of the lands of Antum and Jashon,
thus located north of the narrow neck of land that separated the land of
Desolation from the land of Zarahemla. The land and city of Shem
should not be confused with the hill Shim where the records of the

23
 Nephites had been deposited by Ammoron.

2.21 The gathering at the city of Shem would prove fruitful for the Nephites, 21 And it came to pass that we
inasmuch as it would bring about a series of victories and an eventual treaty did fortify the city of Shem, and we
with the Lamanites. did gather in our people as much as
2.21.13—Shem—This is a land north of the lands of Antum and Jashon, it were possible, that perhaps we
thus located north of the narrow neck of land that separated the land of might save them from destruction.
Desolation from the land of Zarahemla. The land and city of Shem
should not be confused with the hill Shim where the records of the
Nephites had been deposited by Ammoron.

2.22 The successful fortification of the city of Shem took place in less than a 22 And it came to pass in the
year. three hundred and forty and sixth
2.22.8–13—three hundred and forty and sixth—The 346th year since the year they began to come upon us
appearance of the signs announcing the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ again.
would have included portions of the years AD 345 and 346.

2.23 Given the atrocities that the Lamanites had perpetrated against the 23 And it came to pass that I did
Nephites in their aggravated war led by Aaron, this appeal was possibly the speak unto my people, and did
only one that could motivate Mormon’s army to any extent (see MR-C 9.7–8 urge them with great energy, that
and MR-C 9.16–17). they would stand boldly before the
2.23.27—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who Lamanites and fight for their wives,
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any and their children, and their
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate houses, and their homes.
amount of pride.

2.24 The prospect of having their wives and children treated in the same 24 And my words did arouse
fashion as those who had fallen it the tower of Sherrizah was sufficient to stir them somewhat to vigor, insomuch
the Nephites into determined action. that they did not flee from before
2.24.19—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who the Lamanites, but did stand with
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any boldness against them.
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

2.25 The first battle that Mormon had successfully led against the Lamanites 25 And it came to pass that we
had involved an army of 42,000 Nephites against an army of 44,000 of did contend with an army of thirty
Lamanites (see 2.9). While the Nephites might have had cause to rejoice some thousand against an army of fifty
at that battle, the one recorded here was nothing short of miraculous. thousand. And it came to pass that
we did stand before them with such
firmness that they did flee from
before us.

2.26 The ensuing series of battles that followed the victory at the city of Shem 26 And it came to pass that when Morm. 2:26
drove the Lamanites back beyond the narrow neck of land. The natural they had fled we did pursue them EM 1:163
strength of the Nephites must have been enormous, given the odds. For an with our armies, and did meet Morm. 2:28
army of 30,000 to put to flight an army of 50,000 would have been no light them again, and did beat them; EM 1:170
matter. The past tribulations of the Nephite women and children must have nevertheless the strength of the Morm. 2:29
been particularly repugnant even to the most wicked among Mormon’s army. Lord was not with us; yea, we were DS 3:232
left to ourselves, that the Spirit of
the Lord did not abide in us; there-
fore we had become weak like unto
our brethren.
2.27 The defense at the city of Shem had been a desperate measure, yet the
Nephites had been successful. Mormon found no joy in all of this, however, 27 And my heart did sorrow
because the victory was a hollow one, having no spiritual consequences, bring- because of this the great calamity of

24
ing no gratitude to the hearts of the people. Mormon’s armies successfully my people, because of their wicked-
drove the Lamanites out of the lands north of the narrow neck of land and ness and their abominations. But
then from the land of Zarahemla as well. The redoubts of the Lamanites in the behold, we did go forth against the
wilderness, however, were enormous and defending such a large region with a Lamanites and the robbers of Gadi-
diminished army would soon prove untenable. anton, until we had again taken
2.27.30—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who possession of the lands of our
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any inheritance.
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
2.27.35—Gadianton—Kishkumen’s successor who is credited for having
been sufficiently receptive to the spirit of the adversary that he was able
to restore the ancient oaths and covenants that had existed among the
Jaredites without resorting to the record that had been preserved by
Ether and later translated by Mosiah.

2.28 The borders between the Nephites and the Lamanites had ranged from 28 And the three hundred and
south to north until all parties concluded that a limited peace might be forty and ninth year had passed
secured by making the division point at the defensible narrow neck of land. away. And in the three hundred
2.28.3–8—three hundred and forty and ninth—The end of the 349th year and fiftieth year we made a treaty
since the appearance of the signs announcing the birth of the Lord with the Lamanites and the robbers
Jesus Christ would have transpired sometime during the first half of the of Gadianton, in which we did get
year AD 349. the lands of our inheritance
2.28.16–19—three hundred and fiftieth—The 350th year since the appear- divided.
ance of the signs announcing the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ would
have included portions of the years AD 349 and 350.
2.28.27—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
2.28.32—Gadianton—Kishkumen’s successor who is credited for having
been sufficiently receptive to the spirit of the adversary that he was able
to restore the ancient oaths and covenants that had existed among the
Jaredites without resorting to the record that had been preserved by
Ether and later translated by Mosiah.

2.29 The magnitude of the Lamanite and Gadianton robber resources in the 29 And the Lamanites did give
land south of the narrow neck of land would have made short work of the unto us the land northward, yea,
Nephites in the land of Zarahemla. It is possible that the Nephites perceived even to the narrow passage which
the inevitable encroachments upon their lands in the south and no longer had led into the land southward. And
the heart nor the strength to defend them. The narrow neck of land and the we did give unto the Lamanites all
defenses thereof had great appeal to a war-weary and spiritless people. the land southward.
2.29.3—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

{Chapter I; continued}
(Chapter 3)
{¶—1830}

3.1 Mormon does not tell us precisely what was done to reinforce the defenses 1 AND it came to pass that the Morm. 3
of the narrow neck of land and the lands northward, but they were no doubt Lamanites did not come to battle DS 2:195
as inspired as those which Moroni had accomplished primarily in the southern again until ten years more had JC 742
reaches of the land of Zarahemla in anticipation with the wars with Amalic- passed away. And behold, I had MM 4:396

25
kiah and Ammoron. Mormon had great admiration for the warrior prophet of employed my people, the Nephites, EM 1:156, 200
the Nephites. in preparing their *lands and their EM 2:933
3.1.8—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who arms against the time of battle. * p. 523
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
3.1.16–17—ten years—The peace with the Lamanites lasted from the year
350 to the year 360.
3.1.30—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.

3.2 When Mormon had been fifteen years old, or about the year 325, he had 2 And it came to pass that the
felt a great desire to preach unto his people, but had been forbidden by the Lord did say unto me: Cry unto
spirit of the Lord (see 1.15–17). After thirty-five years, a generation later, the this people—Repent ye, and come
Lord not only gave Mormon leave to enter into the ministry, but commanded unto me, and be ye baptized, and
him to cry repentance to a people who had entered into the abyss of wicked- build up again my church, and ye
ness and depravity. shall be spared.
3.2.22—church—A hundred year before, the Nephites had become a per-
verse people, building up churches unto themselves that they might
have a semblance of religious life without having to bother with the
commitments of righteousness (see 4 NE-C 1.40–44). The spiritual
welfare of the Nephites had not improved at all during the intervening
years.

3.3 The Nephites recognized that Mormon had been instrumental in their 3 And I did cry unto this people, Morm. 3:3
victories over the Lamanites and the Gadianton robbers, but they would not but it was in vain; and they did not EM 2:933
accept the notion that Mormon had been divinely inspired to do all that he realize that it was the Lord that had
had performed in their behalf. The principles of the Gospel could not possibly spared them, and granted unto
have had a more exemplary advocate than the chief captain of the Nephite them a chance for repentance. And
army, but the people were determined that nothing would disabuse them of behold they did harden their hearts
their spiritual lethargy. against the Lord their God.

3.4 Apparently ten years of peace was all that the Lamanites could stand. 4 And it came to pass that after
Obviously, their numbers had grown sufficiently that they thought that they this tenth year had passed away,
could overwhelm the Nephites. This would have had to have been more than making, in the whole, three hun-
just bravado. The last time that there had been open warfare between the two dred and sixty years from the
parties, the Nephites had destroyed a Lamanite army almost twice their coming of Christ, the king of the
number (see 2.25). Lamanites sent an epistle unto me,
3.4.18–21—three hundred and sixty—The 360th year since the appearance which gave unto me to know that
of the signs announcing the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ would have they were preparing to come again
included portions of the years AD 359 and 360. to battle against us.
3.4.27—Christ—Simply put, the name “Christ” is the Greek translation of
the Hebrew “Messiah”. In both Hebrew and Greek, the terms mean
“anointed one”. Every prophet of God from the days of Adam has been
anointed in preparation for their ministry to the world. Every king who
has ruled by divine right has also been anointed as part of his ascen-
dancy to the throne and the scepter. The same may be said of every
priest who has administered the ordinances of the Priesthood, particu-
larly those of the Melchizedek Priesthood, and most specifically in the
House of the Lord. Some scholars have suggested that even though
certain men have been anointed to be prophets and priests, or kings
and priests, or prophets and kings, none but Jesus has been anointed
prophet, priest, and king. Of course, these scholars have asserted such
out of ignorance, not understanding that all those who are heirs of sal-
vation and exaltation have been anointed prophets, priests, and kings in

26
 similitude of their Savior. Jesus is Lord of Lords, King of Kings, the
Great High Priest who presides over all priesthood, the prophet who
has inspired all prophets in whatever time or place in which they might
have lived. He is our Master in all things, but his labors have been
designed to bring us all back into the presence of God as he is.
3.4.29—king—It is possible that the king of the Lamanites at this time
might have been the apostate Aaron (see 2.9). His reign had been in
force, however, some thirty years before.
3.4.32—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

3.5 The land of Desolation was located just to the north of the narrow neck of 5 And it came to pass that I did Morm. 3:5
land. There would have not been a better strategic point to defend the cause my people that they should DS 3:232
Nephite possessions than at that place. gather themselves together at the
3.5.21—Desolation—A region located just north of the narrow neck of land Desolation, to a city which
land in which the abandoned ruins of the Jaredite peoples had been dis- was in the borders, by the narrow
covered first by the Mulekites when they first landed in this hemisphere pass which led into the land
(see AL-C 22.29–31) and then later by the errant servants of King Limhi southward.
when they were seeking the city of Zarahemla (see MS-C 21.25–26).
3.5.39—southward—That is to say, all of the land of Zarahemla and the
regions beyond the land of Nephi.

3.6 Again, the planning of Mormon, his preparation and strategy were with- 6 And there we did place our
out flaw. His people, however, were ripening toward utter destruction. armies, that we might stop the
3.6.16—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who armies of the Lamanites, that they
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any might not get possession of any of
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate our lands; therefore we did fortify
amount of pride. against them with all our force.

{¶—1830}

3.7 The ten years devoted to the fortifications in the land of Desolation and 7 And it came to pass that in the
the narrow neck of land bore fruit during these early encounters between the three hundred and sixty and first
advancing Lamanite army and the Nephite defenders. year the Lamanites did come down
3.7.9–14—three hundred and sixty and first—The 361st year since the to the city of Desolation to battle
appearance of the signs announcing the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ against us; and it came to pass that
would have included portions of the years AD 360 and 361. in that year we did beat them, inso-
3.7.17—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who much that they did return to their
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any own lands again.
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
3.7.20—down—The designation here is one of elevation rather than direc-
tion. The land of Nephi was higher in elevation than was the city of
Zarahemla. In passing from the land of Zarahemla into the land of
Desolation, the Lamanites clearly engaged in some sort of descent. It
may have been that the narrow neck of land was comprised of a moun-
tainous or at least an elevated area in comparison to the land of
Desolation.
3.7.25—Desolation—A region located just north of the narrow neck of
land in which the abandoned ruins of the Jaredite peoples had been dis-
covered first by the Mulekites when they first landed in this hemisphere
(see AL-C 22.29–31) and then later by the errant servants of King Limhi
when they were seeking the city of Zarahemla (see MS-C 21.25–26).

27
3.8 We may only speculate about the location of the defensive network that 8 And in the three hundred and Morm. 3:8–11
Mormon had established in the land of Desolation. If it had been placed at the sixty and second year they did EM 1:170
southern end of the narrow neck of land, perhaps the defenders placed them- come down again to battle. And we
selves at strategic points along the banks of the Rio Chucunaque near the did beat them again, and did slay a
modern town of Yaviza in southern Panama. The river very well could have great number of them, and their
carried the bodies of the fallen into the Pacific Ocean. Northern Panama and dead were cast into the sea.
southern Costa Rica are divided lengthwise by the Bocas del Toro mountains
which could have served as a deterrent to invasion by merely adding defensive
resorts in the narrow coastal areas on either side of the range. Depending on
the nature of the Lamanite attack on the Nephite positions, the dead could
have ended up in either the Caribbean or the Pacific. All of this, of course, is
ephemeral inasmuch as Mormon has not given us sufficient information to
determine exactly where any of the battles took place.
3.8.4–9—three hundred and sixty and second—The 362nd year since the
appearance of the signs announcing the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ
would have included portions of the years AD 361 and 362.
3.8.39—sea—Mormon does not tell us whether this was the sea east or the
sea west.

3.9 Mormon does not provide us with the number of Nephite casualties. In 9 And now, because of this great Morm. 3:9
his point of view, the battle had been decisively in the Nephites favor. The thing which my people, the EM 4:1548
Nephites did not rejoice in their having been delivered from their enemies, but Nephites, had done, they began to
rather chose to vaunt themselves, hyperventilating about what they would do boast in their own strength, and
next to the Lamanites. Their false pride is pathetic. began to swear before the heavens
3.9.12—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided that they would avenge themselves
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ. of the blood of their brethren who
had been slain by their enemies.

3.10 As if the throne of God had been considered seriously in any of their 10 And they did swear by the
deliberations about the war; as if any of these warriors had sought the power heavens, and also by the throne of
and guidance of the heavens at any time during the conflict. This is no more God, that they would go up to
than blasphemous bravado. battle against their enemies, and
would cut them off from the face of
the land.

{¶—1830}

3.11 Mormon refused to lead the Nephites until about the year 375 (see 11 And it came to pass that I, Morm. 3:11
4.16). He volunteered to guide them during their final years as their chief Mormon, did utterly refuse from EM 2:933
captain in order to have the means to protect the vast collection of Nephite this time forth to be a commander
records that he would rescue from the hill Shim and later ensconce in the hill and a leader of this people, because
Cumorah (see 4.23 and 5.1–2). of their wickedness and
3.11.8—Mormon—The father of the angel Moroni and the compiler of abomination.
the record of the Nephite civilization and its dealings with the Lord
God of Heaven. He is, for the most part, the narrative voice from
Mosiah through the seventh chapter of Mormon.
3.11.13–14—this time—That is to say, after the victorious battle that took
place in the year 362.

3.12 Mormon refused to lead the Nephites into battle primarily because they 12 Behold, I had led them, Morm. 3:12
were not willing to be led by him. He had been their commanding general, the notwithstanding their wickedness I EM 2:933
one on whom they were to depend for the most effective way to prevail over had led them many times to battle, CR90-O 8
their enemies. They were becoming, however, a vulgar unruly mob, bent on and had loved them, according to CR99-A 30
doing whatever their wicked hearts dictated. The stunning contrast between the love of God which was in me,
the attitude of the hardened Nephites and that of their commander is with all my heart; and my soul had

28
stunning. Mormon loved them in spite of their disobedience and willfulness. been poured out in prayer unto my
The Nephites had absolutely no compassion upon their enemies and would God all the day long for them;
have slit the throat of every one of them if they had been given the nevertheless, it was without faith,
opportunity. because of the hardness of their
hearts.

3.13 Mormon had demonstrated wisdom and inspiration all the day long for 13 And thrice have I delivered
nearly forty years as the commander of the Nephite armies. The Nephites were *them out of the hands of their * p. 524
so lacking in spiritual sensitivity that they could not bring themselves to enemies, and they have repented
believe that their good captain was anything more than a competent general. not of their sins.
They would not accept that it was his personal observance of the command-
ments of God that had made him such an effective leader. They managed to
explain away every reason for repentance.
3.13.2—thrice—The first victory had been against the Lamanite king Aaron
(see 2.9). The second had been when Mormon had led his decidedly
inferior army against a superior Lamanite force that had overwhelmed
all of the land of Zarahemla and much of the land north of the narrow
neck of land. That war had ended with the ten-year treaty that had
placed the border between the Lamanites and the Nephites at the
narrow neck of land (see 2.28–29). The third great victory had been the
Nephite stand at the city of Desolation (see 3.4–8).

3.14 In his Sermon at the Temple in the city of Bountiful, Jesus had specifi- 14 And when they had sworn by Morm. 3:14
cally commanded the saints to never swear by the throne of God or the all that had been forbidden them MD 677
heavens (see 3 NE-C 12.33–37). Their doing so as an act of bravado against by our Lord and Savior Jesus Morm. 3:14–15
their enemies, was a willful, knowing act of rebellion against the teachings of Christ, that they would go up unto MD 821
the Son of God. Of course, their hearts being full of bloodlust and murder was their enemies to battle, and avenge
not particularly in harmony with the Gospel of Jesus Christ either. themselves of the blood of their
3.14.18–19—Jesus Christ—The author of eternal salvation, both of the brethren, behold the voice of the
body and the spirit through the power of the resurrection and his Lord came unto me, saying:
atoning sacrifice for sin.

3.15 Mormon’s deliverance of the Nephites from their enemies had been the 15 Vengeance is mine, and I will Morm. 3:15
last opportunity, the last olive branch that the Lord God of Israel was willing repay; and because this people EM 4:1548
to extend to a lost and fallen people. Twenty-three years later, the Nephite repented not after I had delivered
civilization would come to an end on the slopes of the hill Cumorah. The them, behold, they shall be cut off
Nephites, in their spiritual depravity, wished to wreck havoc upon the heads of from the face of the earth.
the Lamanites and the Gadianton robbers. They were unwilling to have the
faith necessary to allow their God to punish their enemies.

3.16 For the next 13 years or so, Mormon took no part in the defense of his 16 And it came to pass that I Morm. 3:16
country, primarily because the army would no longer follow his righteous coun- utterly refused to go up against CR89-A 77
sel. It was probably at this time that the Lord commanded him to be earnestly mine enemies; and I did even as the
engaged in the production of his great testimony of the Lord Jesus Christ. Lord had commanded me; and I
3.16.35—manifest—Perhaps this is an indication as to what Mormon was did stand as an idle witness to mani-
about during the time he was not guiding the affairs of the Nephite fest unto the world the things which
military. No doubt Mormon was compiling his summary of Nephite I saw and heard, according to the
history during his hiatus from the army. manifestations of the Spirit which
had testified of things to come.

3.17 The promise had been made by the Lord Jesus Christ that when his 17 Therefore I write unto you, Morm. 3:17–22
teaching began to be revealed to the Gentiles and the remnants of the House Gentiles, and also unto you, house MLM 216
of Israel, that the last gathering of Israel to their lands of inheritance would of Israel, when the work shall com-
begin in earnest (see 3 NE-C 28.1–2). mence, that ye shall be about to
3.17.1—Therefore—The implication of this conclusionary word is that prepare to return to the land of

29
 much of Mormon’s work on the Book of Mormon had already been your inheritance;
accomplished by the time that he resumed command of the Nephite
military in the year 375.
3.17.6—Gentiles—The Greek word “Gentiles” means “foreigners” or
“strangers”, and was first applied to the Greeks themselves when that
empire came in contact with the Jews during the early part of the
fourth century BC. The Hebrew word translated as “Gentiles” carries
with it the notion of “massing” like unto locusts and other ravenous
insects. Our English word derives from the Greek through Latin.
Although the title could refer to any not of the covenant peoples, yet it
has its most important application to the remnants of the Greco-
Roman civilization, or what is called Western Civilization.
3.17.13—Israel—In reference to the covenant people, traditionally the
posterity of the patriarch Jacob. There are those, however, who have
been adopted into the House of Israel through obedience to the
principles and ordinances of the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ.

3.18 The House of Israel had been scattered throughout the world over the 18 Yea, behold, I write unto all Morm. 3:18–19
centuries, but there would come a time when they would hear the voice of the the ends of the earth; yea, unto JC 788
spirit, heralding the advent of the fullness of truth once more in the earth. In you, twelve tribes of Israel, who EM 1:61
the inception of that work, the coming forth of the Book of Mormon would shall be judged according to your EM 2:772
play a marvelous role. To the degree that the remnants of the House of Israel works by the twelve whom Jesus Morm. 3:18–20
took to heart the teachings of the Book of Mormon would determine the chose to be his disciples in the land EM 2:774
nature of the judgment that would be rendered them as they stood before the of Jerusalem.
Apostles of the Lamb who were ordained by the Savior during his mortal
ministry.
3.18.18—Israel—In reference to the covenant people, traditionally the
posterity of the patriarch Jacob. There are those, however, who have
been adopted into the House of Israel through obedience to the
principles and ordinances of the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ.
3.18.31—Jesus—The Anglicized form of the Greek transliteration of the
Hebrew name, Oshea or Joshua. At its root, “Jesus” means “Savior”.
3.18.41—Jerusalem—A city located about 32 miles from the Mediterra-
nean Sea and 18 miles from the Jordan River and the northern tip of
the Dead Sea. Once the city was captured by the children of Israel from
the Jebusites, it served as the capital of the kingdom of Israel and Judah
for many centuries. Jerusalem sits aside of several prominences includ-
ing mount Moriah, where Abraham was commanded to take Isaac as an
offering unto the Most High God, and mount Zion. The Kidron Val-
ley and the Mount of Olives lie immediately to the east. The traditional
sites of Calvary and the Garden Tomb lie immediately to the north.
The king at the time of the initial entry into the land of promise was
Adonizedek.

3.19 The posterity of Lehi, Ishmael, and Mulek would eventually stand before 19 And I write also unto the Morm. 3:19
the Twelve Disciples chosen by the Jesus during his appearance to the remnant of this people, who shall MD 399
Nephites at the Temple in the city of Bountiful. They would judge their also be judged by the twelve whom DNTC 1:559
worthiness, in the same way that the Apostles would judge theirs: according to Jesus chose in this land; and they DNTC 3:572
the truths that had been preserved and revealed unto the world by the servants shall be judged by the other twelve
of God. whom Jesus chose in the land of
3.19.20—Jesus—The Anglicized form of the Greek transliteration of the Jerusalem.
Hebrew name, Oshea or Joshua. At its root, “Jesus” means “Savior”.
3.19.41—Jerusalem—A city located about 32 miles from the Mediterra-
nean Sea and 18 miles from the Jordan River and the northern tip of
the Dead Sea. Once the city was captured by the children of Israel from

30
 the Jebusites, it served as the capital of the kingdom of Israel and Judah
for many centuries. Jerusalem sits aside of several prominences includ-
ing mount Moriah, where Abraham was commanded to take Isaac as an
offering unto the Most High God, and mount Zion. The Kidron Val-
ley and the Mount of Olives lie immediately to the east. The traditional
sites of Calvary and the Garden Tomb lie immediately to the north.
The king at the time of the initial entry into the land of promise was
Adonizedek.

3.20 No one will escape the judgment of God. Every man, woman, and child 20 And these things doth the Morm. 3:20
who has ever breathed a breath upon this planet will come forth from the Spirit manifest unto me; therefore I MD 398
grave to reap the blessings that they acquired through their faithfulness, the write unto you all. And for this DNTC 1:558
qualities, characteristics, and perfections that derive from living the principles cause I write unto you, that ye may DNTC 3:572
of truth and righteousness, and adhering to all of the commandments that know that ye must all stand before EM 2:772
have been given unto the children of men. the judgment-seat of Christ, yea, CR93-O 6
3.20.37—Christ—Simply put, the name “Christ” is the Greek translation every soul who belongs to the Morm. 3:20–22
of the Hebrew “Messiah”. In both Hebrew and Greek, the terms mean whole human family of Adam; and CR93-A 34
“anointed one”. Every prophet of God from the days of Adam has been ye must stand to be judged of your
anointed in preparation for their ministry to the world. Every king who works, whether they be good or
has ruled by divine right has also been anointed as part of his ascen- evil;
dancy to the throne and the scepter. The same may be said of every
priest who has administered the ordinances of the Priesthood, particu-
larly those of the Melchizedek Priesthood, and most specifically in the
House of the Lord. Some scholars have suggested that even though
certain men have been anointed to be prophets and priests, or kings
and priests, or prophets and kings, none but Jesus has been anointed
prophet, priest, and king. Of course, these scholars have asserted such
out of ignorance, not understanding that all those who are heirs of sal-
vation and exaltation have been anointed prophets, priests, and kings in
similitude of their Savior. Jesus is Lord of Lords, King of Kings, the
Great High Priest who presides over all priesthood, the prophet who
has inspired all prophets in whatever time or place in which they might
have lived. He is our Master in all things, but his labors have been
designed to bring us all back into the presence of God as he is.
3.20.49—Adam—The first man upon the earth, and the first flesh also;
that is to say, the first mortal together with his wife Eve. He is the
Ancient of Days, the Archangel Michael, and the Father of All Living.

3.21 Mormon knew that his work was destined to provide the world with 21 And also that ye may believe Morm 3:22
another testimony of the Lord Jesus Christ, separate and distinct from that the gospel of Jesus Christ, which ye AF 119
which would be preserved by the Jews. Yet, it would partake of the same spirit. shall have among you; and also that
The Gentiles, the Jews, and the other remnants of the House of Israel would the Jews, the covenant people of
ultimately be left without excuse for not accepting the fullness of the Gospel of the Lord, shall have other witness
Jesus Christ. besides him whom they saw and
3.21.10–11—Jesus Christ—The author of eternal salvation, both of the heard, that Jesus, whom they slew,
body and the spirit through the power of the resurrection and his was the very Christ and the very
atoning sacrifice for sin. God.
3.21.22—Jews—That is, those who could trace their linage back to Judah,
one of the twelve sons of Jacob. The land of Palestine had been home
to twelve tribes at one time, but this had been generally reduced to the
remnants, the largest faction being that of the tribe of Judah.

3.22 The message from the Father does not change much from one generation 22 And I would that I could per-
to another. He continually pleads with His children to fulfill their destiny, to suade all ye ends of the earth to
become as He is that they might enjoy a fullness of joy, being exalted in the repent and prepare to stand before

31
Celestial Kingdom, filled with light, truth, and eternal life. the judgment-seat of Christ.
3.22.24—Christ—Simply put, the name “Christ” is the Greek translation
of the Hebrew “Messiah”. In both Hebrew and Greek, the terms mean
“anointed one”. Every prophet of God from the days of Adam has been
anointed in preparation for their ministry to the world. Every king who
has ruled by divine right has also been anointed as part of his ascen-
dancy to the throne and the scepter. The same may be said of every
priest who has administered the ordinances of the Priesthood, particu-
larly those of the Melchizedek Priesthood, and most specifically in the
House of the Lord. Some scholars have suggested that even though
certain men have been anointed to be prophets and priests, or kings
and priests, or prophets and kings, none but Jesus has been anointed
prophet, priest, and king. Of course, these scholars have asserted such
out of ignorance, not understanding that all those who are heirs of
salvation and exaltation have been anointed prophets, priests, and kings
in similitude of their Savior. Jesus is Lord of Lords, King of Kings, the
Great High Priest who presides over all priesthood, the prophet who
has inspired all prophets in whatever time or place in which they might
have lived. He is our Master in all things, but his labors have been
designed to bring us all back into the presence of God as he is. {Chapter II}
(Chapter 4)
{¶—1830}

4.1 The Nephites were determined to wreck havoc upon the Lamanites, not- 1 AND now it came to pass that Morm. 4
withstanding Mormon’s counsel against such an aggressive action and his in the three hundred and sixty and DS 2:195
refusal to lead them into battle if they persisted. third year the Nephites did go up JC 742
4.1.10–15—three hundred and sixty and third—The 363rd year since the with their armies *to battle against MM 4:396
appearance of the signs announcing the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ the Lamanites, out of the land EM 1:156, 200,
included portions of the years AD 362 and 363. Desolation. 213
4.1.18—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who EM 2:933
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any * p. 525
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
4.1.21—up—An indication of elevation rather than a cardinal direction.
The Nephites went up to do battle against the Lamanites, just as the
Lamanites had come down to attack the land of Desolation from the
land of Zarahemla (see 3.7.20).
4.1.29—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.
4.1.34—Desolation—A region located just north of the narrow neck of
land which had once been populated by the Jaredites.

4.2 The city of Desolation had become, under Mormon’s guidance, a resort of 2 And it came to pass that the
great strength from which the Nephites had previously been able to defeat armies of the Nephites were driven
their enemies, even when greatly outmanned. It seems clear that the Lamanites back again to the land of Desola-
had anticipated such an attack and had prepared a counter offensive. We may tion. And while they were yet
only speculate as to the rationale behind the taking of prisoners. In earlier weary, a fresh army of the Laman-
confrontations, the Lamanites had entertained themselves by feeding the ites did come upon them; and they
widows and orphans of the Nephites on the flesh of their husbands and fathers had a sore battle, insomuch that
(MR-C 9.7–8). The Gadianton robbers were generally motivated by rather the Lamanites did take possession
morally debasing desires when they garnered up the Nephite women and of the city Desolation, and did slay
children after defeating their enemies. many of the Nephites, and did take
4.2.11—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided many prisoners.
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.

32
 4.2.20—Desolation—A region located just north of the narrow neck of
land which had once been populated by the Jaredites.
4.2.32—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

4.3 We might expect that the city of Teancum was as deftly constructed as was 3 And the remainder did flee and
the city of Desolation. The Nephites no longer had the wisdom, intelligence, join the inhabitants of the city
or leadership to defend their strongholds. Teancum. Now the city Teancum
4.3.13—Teancum—We know little or nothing regarding this city north of lay in the borders by the seashore;
the narrow neck of land, except that which Mormon describes in this and it was also near the city
particular chapter. The city is not mentioned by name in any other part Desolation.
of the narrative of the Book of Mormon. It may have been considered
part of the land of Desolation (see 4.20).
4.3.24—seashore—We cannot be certain as to which ocean Mormon is
referring, whether the Pacific or the Atlantic (see 3.8).
4.3.32—Desolation—A region located just north of the narrow neck of
land which had once been populated by the Jaredites.

4.4 Whether speaking practically or spiritually, the effect was the same. Send- 4 And it was because the armies of Morm. 4:4–5
ing an uninspired army against the Lamanites could only end in disaster, a the Nephites went up unto the EM 4:1548
disaster that would lessen the number of defenders that would be left in the Lamanites that they began to be
cities of Desolation and Teancum. The Lamanites, having broken the back of smitten; for were it not for that, the
the Nephite army, simply marched from one city to the next. Lamanites could have had no
4.4.9—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided power over them.
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.
4.4.14—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

4.5 The Nephites could have no strength in disobedience. Having once been a 5 But, behold, the judgments of Morm. 4:5
people enlightened by the power and influence of the Holy Ghost and having God will overtake the wicked; and MF 141
rejected the Gospel of Christ and his servants, they were left unto themselves. it is by the wicked that the wicked EM 1:166
Rather than being filled with faith and love, they were filled with fear and are punished; for it is the wicked
hatred. They forsook the God of their fathers and in so doing forfeited His that stir up the hearts of the chil-
protection and counsel. God will not be mocked, and the promised reprisal dren of men unto bloodshed.
was immediately forthcoming.

4.6 The Lamanites had overrun one of the strongest fortresses established by 6 And it came to pass that the
the Nephites. They were encouraged by their success; they were emboldened Lamanites did make preparations
by their plundering. Their hatred and the spirit of vengeance propelled them to come against the city Teancum.
against the Nephites on every hand.
4.6.8—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
4.6.17—Teancum—We know little or nothing regarding this city north of
the narrow neck of land, except that which Mormon describes in this
particular chapter. The city is not mentioned by name in any other part
of the narrative of the Book of Mormon. It may have been considered
part of the land of Desolation (see 4.20). {¶—1830}

4.7 The city of Teancum lay near the city of Desolation and was the next 7 And it came to pass in the three

33
target in the advance of the Lamanite army. hundred and sixty and fourth year
4.7.8–13—three hundred and sixty and fourth—The 364th year since the the Lamanites did come against the
appearance of the signs announcing the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ city Teancum, that they might take
included portions of the years AD 363 and 364. possession of the city Teancum
4.7.17—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who also.
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
4.7.23—Teancum—We know little or nothing regarding this city north of
the narrow neck of land, except that which Mormon describes in this
particular chapter. The city is not mentioned by name in any other part
of the narrative of the Book of Mormon. It may have been considered
part of the land of Desolation (see 4.20).

4.8 The warring factions had little or nothing in their character to commend 8 And it came to pass that they
them to God. They had become military men with nothing on their minds were repulsed and driven back by
but the subjection of all those who stood in their paths. The Nephites re- the Nephites. And when the
bounded from the loss of the city of Desolation, but the conflict would, in the Nephites saw that they had driven
end, prove to be a war of attrition. the Lamanites they did again boast
4.8.15—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided of their own strength; and they
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ. went forth in their own might, and
4.8.26—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who took possession again of the city
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any Desolation.
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
4.8.50—Desolation—A region located just north of the narrow neck of
land which had once been populated by the Jaredites.

4.9 So long as the opposing sides faced each other on the field of battle with- 9 And now all these things had Morm. 4:9
out the spirit and power of God, it was simply a matter of time until the army been done, and there had been FPM 345
with the lesser number of combatants was defeated. The Nephites had no thousands slain on both sides, both Morm. 4:11
serious prospects for a sustainable victory. the Nephites and the Lamanites. FPM 345
4.9.20—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided Morm. 4:11–12
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ. EM 2:903
4.9.23—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

4.10 The loss and recapture of the city of Desolation consumed the better part 10 And it came to pass that the
of two years, during which the Nephites suffered enormous casualties. Any three hundred and sixty and sixth
man with his eyes open could see that their national situation was untenable. year had passed away, and the
They could not continue in the fashion they were conducting themselves and Lamanites came again upon the
hope to prosper. They had, however, descended to the state of the natural Nephites to battle; and yet the
man. They had no aspirations for a spiritual life, but chose rather to wallow in Nephites repented not of the evil
their wickedness, filling their hearts with the lust for power and supremacy they had done, but persisted in
over their enemies. their wickedness continually.
4.10.8–13—three hundred and sixty and sixth—The 366th year since the
appearance of the signs announcing the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ
included portions of the years AD 365 and 366.
4.10.20—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
4.10.25—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided

34
 leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.

4.11 Mormon included a short description of one or two of the encounters 11 And it is impossible for the
between the Lamanites and the Nephites in one of his letters to his son tongue to describe, or for man to
Moroni (see MR-C 9.1–16). More than thirty years had passed since the early write a perfect description of the
battles with king Aaron and the Nephites had not made any spiritual pro- horrible scene of the blood and car-
gression at all; in fact, it was quite the reverse. These were men passed feeling, nage which was among the people,
with little or no natural affection. They had no compassion or mercy; they both of the Nephites and of the
were far removed from the sort of sentiments that their chief captain Moroni Lamanites; and every heart was
had exhibited many years before. hardened, so that they delighted in
4.11.35—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided the shedding of blood continually.
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.
4.11.39—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

4.12 The Nephites had fallen on hard times indeed if their wickedness had 12 And there never had been so
exceeded that of the House of Israel in all of her generations. We may specu- great wickedness among all the
late as to whether Mormon was speaking of the degree of wickedness or the children of Lehi, nor even among
universality of the wickedness practiced by the Nephites at that time. The all the house of Israel, according to
distinction is merely academic; their destruction was assured. the words of the Lord, as was
4.12.14—Lehi—The first prophet of the Lamanites and the Nephites who among this people.
left the land of Jerusalem about the year 600 BC. Many of his experi-
ences are recorded in the writings of his son, Nephi, engraved upon the
Small Plates of Nephi.
4.12.22—Israel—In reference to the covenant people, traditionally the
posterity of the patriarch Jacob. There are those, however, who have
been adopted into the House of Israel through obedience to the prin-
ciples and ordinances of the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. {¶—1830}

4.13 The force of Lamanite arms was sufficient to root the Nephites out of the 13 And it came to pass that the
city of Desolation. The war of attrition had begun in earnest and there was no Lamanites did take possession of
end in sight, save in the hearts and minds of the righteous who could perceive the city Desolation, and this
the judgments of God upon the face of the land. There would be a sputtering because their number did exceed
success or two on the part of the Nephites, and then the end would inexorably the number of the Nephites.
come upon them.
4.13.8—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
4.13.15—Desolation—A region located just north of the narrow neck of
land which had once been populated by the Jaredites.
4.13.27—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.

4.14 Mormon does not describe in any detail the nature of the idolatrous gods 14 And they did also march *for- * p. 526
that the Lamanites had chosen to worship, nor is he particularly explicit about ward against the city Teancum, and Morm. 4:14
the manner in which the sacrifices were carried out. He is particular to note, did drive the inhabitants forth out AF 51
however, that it was the Nephite women and children who bore the wrath of of her, and did take many prisoners Morm. 4:14–15
the Lamanites once the battle had been won. One wonders if the men were all both women and children, and did MD 666
summarily executed at the end of the battles or whether they were forced to offer them up as sacrifices unto Morm. 4:14,21
watch the departure of their families out of mortality as an act of torment. their idol gods. EM 2:933
4.14.10—Teancum—We know little or nothing regarding this city north EM 3:1249
of the narrow neck of land, except that which Mormon describes in this

35
 particular chapter. The city is not mentioned by name in any other part
of the narrative of the Book of Mormon. It may have been considered
part of the land of Desolation (see 4.20).

4.15 Mormon does not tell us where the staging area was for the counter 15 And it came to pass that in the Morm. 4:15,21
attack that brought about the recapture of the cities of Teancum and Deso- three hundred and sixty and EM 4:1579
lation. Again, there is no spirit of repentance, no fearing of the God of their seventh year, the Nephites being
fathers, just an unquenchable desire for revenge, blood for blood and life for angry because the Lamanites had
life. That the Nephites perpetrated atrocities against the Lamanites is certain, sacrificed their women and their
although Mormon does not articulate them here (but, see MM-C 9.9–11). children, that they did go against
4.15.9–14—three hundred and sixty and seventh—The 367th year since the the Lamanites with exceedingly
appearance of the signs announcing the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ great anger, insomuch that they did
included portions of the years AD 366 and 367. beat again the Lamanites, and drive
4.15.17—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided them out of their lands.
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.
4.15.22—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

4.16 The eight-year hiatus from armed conflict between the Lamanites and 16 And the Lamanites did not
the Nephites is a modest indication as to the nature of the bloodletting that come again against the Nephites
had been going on between the warring parties. The factions were war-weary, until the three hundred and seventy
their armies depleted, their enthusiasm somewhat quenched. and fifth year.
4.16.13–18—three hundred and seventy and fifth—The 375th year since
the appearance of the signs announcing the birth of the Lord Jesus
Christ included portions of the years AD 374 and 375.
4.16.3—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
4.16.10—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.

4.17 It is clear that the Lamanites intended to put an end to the conflict once 17 And in this year they did come
and for all. This was not to be a piecemeal operation, and it eventually proved down against the Nephites with all
to be the beginning of the prolonged final thrust that would bring about the their powers; and they were not
utter destruction of the Nephite civilization. numbered because of the greatness
4.17.11—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided of their number.
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.

4.18 This was to be a ten-year retreat that would culminate on the hill Cumorah 18 And from this time forth did
in what we now call western New York state about the year 384 (see 6.5–6). the Nephites gain no power over
4.18.8—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided the Lamanites, but began to be
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ. swept off by them even as a dew
4.18.14—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who before the sun.
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

4.19 Since the 362nd year, Mormon had refused to lead his people into battle 19 And it came to pass that the
because of their refusal to follow his counsel. During those 13 years Mormon Lamanites did come down against
had watched the reversal of fortunes of the Nephites, tens of thousands of the city Desolation; and there was
them falling by the sword at the hands of their enemies. At this point in the an exceedingly sore battle fought in
history of the Nephites, the city of Desolation fell into the hands of the the land Desolation, in the which

36
Lamanites for the last time, never again to be recovered by the armies of the they did beat the Nephites.
Nephites.
4.19.8—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
4.19.15—Desolation—A region located just north of the narrow neck of
land which had once been populated by the Jaredites.
4.19.35—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.

4.20 Mormon does not recount any battle for the city of Teancum, but per- 20 And they fled again from
haps his assertion that the battle for the land of Desolation had been lost, also before them, and they came to the
implied that both the cities of Teancum and Desolation were taken at that city Boaz; and there they did stand
time (see 4.3). against the Lamanites with exceed-
4.20.14—Boaz—This is the only place in the narrative of the Book of ing boldness, insomuch that the
Mormon where this fortress is mentioned by name. It is clear, however, Lamanites did not beat them until
that it lay north of the narrow neck of land and the cities of Desolation they had come again the second
and Teancum. time.
4.20.22—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

4.21 Again, it is the women and children who ignominiously suffer at the 21 And when they had come the Morm. 4:21
hands of the Lamanites (see 4.14). second time, the Nephites were MD 666
4.21.10—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided driven and slaughtered with an
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ. exceedingly great slaughter; their
women and their children were
again sacrificed unto idols.

4.22 In his account of the general flight of the Nephites from the lands of 22 And it came to pass that the
their possessions, Mormon does not articulate the names of the towns and Nephites did again flee from before
villages, nor does he tell us the number of days that it took for the gathering them, taking all the inhabitants
body of refugees to travel from the land of Desolation to the land of Antum. with them, both in towns and
4.22.8—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided villages.
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.

4.23 We are not told when the Lord proposed the transfer of all of the 23 And now I, Mormon, seeing Morm. 4:23
Nephite records from Shim to Cumorah. It is clear that the records were not that the Lamanites were about to AF 264
so well hidden that the Lamanites would not have found them in the process overthrow the land, therefore I did
of time. It may be as well that Mormon was still composing the text of his go to the hill Shim, and did take up
own narrative and had further need of the various volumes within the archive. all the records which Ammaron
4.23.4—Mormon—The father of the angel Moroni and the compiler of had hid up unto the Lord.
the record of the Nephite civilization and its dealings with the Lord
God of Heaven. He is, for the most part, the narrative voice from
Mosiah through the seventh chapter of Mormon.
4.23.8—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
4.23.14—land—In reference to all of the established possessions of the
Nephites, and not just the lands of Desolation and Antum.
4.23.22—Shim—The hill in the land of Antum and near the city of Jashon
within which the prophet Ammoron secretly hid all of the records of

37
 the Nephites. Some scholars have suggested that the hill Shim men-
tioned in the book of Ether is the same as that mentioned here (see ET-
C 9.3). Within the geographical and narrative context of the Nephites
and the Jaredites, this conclusion is not without merit. It is probable
that the hill Shim was located somewhere in modern Nicaragua. We
might here observe that the geographical distance between the hills
Shim and Cumorah is considerable, perhaps many thousands of miles.
Given that the forced retreat of the Nephites from the land of Desola-
tion to the hill Cumorah consumed ten years, this degree of separation
should not surprise us.
4.23.27—all—Mormon is not speaking just of the record that had been
begun by Nephi the Disciple of Jesus Christ, but rather the entire
depository. We may assume that there were many wagon loads of plates
and other artifacts for the which he felt personally responsible.
4.23.31—Ammaron—The brother of Amos who served as the custodian of
the vast historical repository of the Nephite people (see 4 NE-C 1.47).
He hid the entire collection of plates in the hill Shim located in the
land of Antum, north of the narrow neck of land and the land of Deso-
lation (see 4 NE-C 1.48 and 1.3).

{Chapter II; continued}

(Chapter 5)
{¶—1830}

5.1 The chapterization of the current edition of the Book of Mormon dis- 1 AND it came to pass that I did Morm. 5
guises, in part, Mormon’s motivation for taking command of the Nephite go forth among the Nephites, and DS 2:195
armies after having once utterly refused to lead them (see 3.11). In the first did repent of the oath which I had DS 3:234
edition of the Book of Mormon, chapter 5 was merely a continuation of made that I would no more assist JC 742
Chapter II. It is clear that Mormon became deeply concerned about the safety them; and they gave me command MM 4:396
of the depository located at the hill Shim in the land of Antum, and was again of their armies, for they EM 1:156, 200
willing to do anything to protect and preserve the records that Ammoron had looked upon me as though I could EM 2:933
ensconced there. We may assume that Mormon did not make this decision on deliver them from their afflictions. Morm. 5:1
his own, but that the Lord specifically directed him as to what he should do. EM 2:933
The transfer of all of the historical plates and other artifacts that pertained to
the vast collection, from the hill Shim to the hill Cumorah, would have been
no easy matter, one requiring an enormous amount of manpower. As com-
mander in chief of all of the Nephite armies, Mormon would have access to
whatever resources he needed to complete the task.
5.1.13—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.

5.2 Mormon does not hesitate to tell us that he did not expect any repentance 2 But behold, I was without hope, Morm. 5:2
on the part of the Nephites, nor did he expect that the Nephites would ever for I knew the judgments of the EM 2:933
again be victorious on the field of battle. Again, his motivation for leading the Lord which should come upon
army was not to save the people, but to save their written history. them; for they repented not of their
iniquities, but did struggle for their
lives without calling upon that
Being who created them.

5.3 The flight of the Nephite army would have been from nearby the land of 3 And it came to pass that the
Antum. We are not privy as to the distance separating Jordan from Antum. Lamanites did come against us as
5.3.8—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who we had fled to the city of Jordan;
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any but behold, they were driven back
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate that they did not take the city at

38
 amount of pride. that time.
5.3.21—Jordan—This is the only place in the narrative of the Book of
Mormon that this city is mentioned by name. We may assume that the
city lay to the north of the land of Antum, the city Jashon, and the hill
Shim.

5.4 We cannot determine where in the western hemisphere the various loca- 4 And it came to pass that they
tions mentioned are to be found. The farther to the north the retreating came against us *again, and we did * p. 527
armies travelled, however, the more untenable their circumstances would have maintain the city. And there were
become. While it may have been possible to block the passage of the Lamanite also other cities which were main-
armies at such geographical bottlenecks like the cities of Desolation and Tean- tained by Nephites, which strong-
cum, as the distance between the west and west seas increased, the greater the holds did cut them off that they
defensive network had to be. could not get into the country
5.4.17—city—That is to say, the city of Jordan. which lay before us, to destroy the
5.4.23—cities—These remain unnamed, but again we assume that they lay inhabitants of our land.
farther to the north.
5.4.28—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.

5.5 The unrelenting retreat northward by the Nephite people had begun in 5 And it came to pass that what-
the year 375. During the intervening four years, the city of Desolation was soever lands we had passed by, and
overcome, the city of Boaz was attacked twice and then destroyed, Mormon the inhabitants thereof were not
resumed command of the army, the land of Antum was overrun, and the gathered in, were destroyed by the
Lamanites advanced to the city of Jordan and environs. Again, Mormon only Lamanites, and their towns, and
hints at the distances involved. villages, and cities were burned
5.5.22—destroyed—The Lamanite military policy at this point was a with fire; and thus three hundred
scorched-earth approach to military advance. They could not afford to and seventy and nine years passed
leave anyone on their flank. away.
5.5.25—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
5.5.39–44—three hundred and seventy and nine—The 379th year since the
appearance of the signs announcing the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ
included portions of the years AD 378 and 379. {¶—1830}

5.6 It is to be assumed that this defense spoken of took place at the city of 6 And it came to pass that in the
Jordan where the Nephites had successfully withstood the Lamanites twice three hundred and eightieth year
before (see 5.3–4). the Lamanites did come again
5.6.9–12—three hundred and eighty—The 380th year since the appearance against us to battle, and we did
of the signs announcing the birth of the Lord Jesus Christ included stand against them boldly; but it
portions of the years AD 379 and 380. was all in vain, for so great were
5.6.15—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who their numbers that they did tread
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any the people of the Nephites under
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate their feet.
amount of pride.
5.6.50—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.

5.7 Again, the Lamanites were allowing no one to impede their advance. 7 And it came to pass that we did
Neither did they allow anyone to pose a potential threat to their rear. We may again take to flight, and those
only speculate about the manner in which the archives of the Nephites were whose flight was swifter than the
being transported, but it is clear that Mormon knew precisely what he was Lamanites’ did escape, and those
doing and where he was going in the end. He may very well have entrusted the whose flight did not exceed the
transport of the records to a company that was far in advance of the battle Lamanites’ were swept down and

39
lines. It should not surprise us if we were to learn that Moroni was given the destroyed.
assignment to lead that company.
5.7.21—Lamanites’—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

5.8 However appalling the destruction wrought by the opposing armies had 8 And now behold, I, Mormon,
been up to this point (see 4.11–12 and MR-C 9.7–20), the conduct of the do not desire to harrow up the
fleeing and advancing armies exceeded all that had gone on before. Mormon is souls of men in casting before them
mercifully general about the desolation that occurred in the path of battle. such an awful scene of blood and
5.8.5—Mormon—The father of the angel Moroni and the compiler of the carnage as was laid before mine
record of the Nephite civilization and its dealings with the Lord God of eyes; but I, knowing that these
Heaven. He is, for the most part, the narrative voice from Mosiah things must surely be made known,
through the seventh chapter of Mormon. and that all things which are hid
must be revealed upon the house-
tops—

5.9 No doubt Mormon had an opportunity to record his experiences in far 9 And also that a knowledge of Morm 5:9
more detail elsewhere, but for all intents and purposes for the Book of Mor- these things must come unto the AF 327
mon, his record is quite terse and not particularly graphic. This he did because remnant of these people, and also
of his own sensibilities, as he was instructed by the power and influence of the unto the Gentiles, who the Lord
Holy Ghost that was upon him. hath said should scatter this people,
5.9.13—remnant—That is to say, the surviving posterity of the children of and this people should be counted
Lehi who would eventually be the beneficiaries of the history that Mor- as naught among them—therefore
mon was compiling. I write a small abridgment, daring
5.9.21—Gentiles—That is to say, those peoples who would eventually not to give a full account of the
come to the Americas, who would subject the children of Lehi, and things which I have seen, because
then eventually be the means by which the remnants would be re- of the commandment which I have
introduced to the covenants given to their fathers anciently. received, and also that ye might not
5.9.46—abridgment—Whether in reference to his account of the Nephite have too great sorrow because of
peoples as a whole, or to his own person treatise of the last ten years of the wickedness of this people.
the Nephite nation, the meaning is clear.

5.10 Mormon had attempted to teach the Nephites, repeatedly calling them to 10 And now behold, this I speak
repentance, that they might be forgiven and spare the ignominy of utter unto their seed, and also to the
destruction for their wickedness. It had been a bootless exercise, but one he Gentiles who have care for the
felt compelled to pursue (see MR-C 9.3–6). Notwithstanding Mormon’s house of Israel, that realize and
decision to resume commanding the Nephite army, he knew that they would know from whence their blessings
never again hearken to his voice in spiritual matters. Thus, he turns his atten- come.
tion to their distant posterity and to the Gentiles would be the instruments by
whom the children of Lehi would receive salvation and exaltation.
5.10.14—Gentiles—The Greek word “Gentiles” means “foreigners” or
“strangers”, and was first applied to the Greeks themselves when that
empire came in contact with the Jews during the early part of the
fourth century BC. The Hebrew word translated as “Gentiles” carries
with it the notion of “massing” like unto locusts and other ravenous
insects. Our English word derives from the Greek through Latin.
Although the title could refer to any not of the covenant peoples, yet it
has its most important application to the remnants of the Greco-
Roman civilization, or what is called Western Civilization.
5.10.22—Israel—In reference to the covenant people, traditionally the
posterity of the patriarch Jacob. There are those, however, who have
been adopted into the House of Israel through obedience to the prin-
ciples and ordinances of the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ.

40
5.11 In the latter days, the fullness of the Gospel of Jesus Christ was to come 11 For I know that such will sor- Morm. 5:11
to a people who would be perceived as pertaining to the Gentile nations. row for the calamity of the house of CR87-O 104
These Gentiles would have the scriptures of the Jews and would also be the Israel; yea, they will sorrow for the CR91-O 41, 43
means by which the records of the Nephites would be made available to the destruction of this people; they will CR94-O 47
posterity of father Lehi. The spiritual sensitivity of these men would be such sorrow that this people had not CR96-O 48
that they would believe all of the words of the ancient prophets, whether from repented that they might have been CR01-A 76
the Old or New World, and would perceive the truth contained in their writ- clasped in the arms of Jesus. CR01-O 22
ings. Such faith, such acceptance of the historical reality, would bring great
sadness to those who would peruse the preserved texts, knowing that the
accounts given there spoke of real people who forfeited their eternal blessings
because of their desires for the vain and ephemeral things of this world.
5.11.5—such—That is to say, the Gentiles who will have responsibility for
the salvation of the remnants of the house of Lehi and the other
remnants of the House of Israel.
5.11.15—Israel—In reference to the covenant people, traditionally the
posterity of the patriarch Jacob. There are those, however, who have
been adopted into the House of Israel through obedience to the prin-
ciples and ordinances of the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ.
5.11.45—Jesus—The Anglicized form of the Greek transliteration of the
Hebrew name, Oshea or Joshua. At its root, “Jesus” means “Savior”.

5.12 The whole of Mormon’s project was guided by the hand of the Lord, 12 Now these things are written Morm. 5:12
inspired by the spirit of the Holy Ghost moving upon the heart and mind of unto the remnant of the house of CR95-A 45
the prophet. Mormon wrote with clarity and boldness because he knew that Jacob; and they are written after Morm. 5:12–14
when the time came for the Book of Mormon to come forth, those engaged in this manner, because it is known of MLM 226
its translation and distribution would be men of faith and righteousness. God that wickedness will not bring Morm. 5:12–15
5.12.8—remnant—Speaking specifically of the descendants of father Lehi, them forth unto them; and they are AF 294
but generally of the whole House of Israel as well, unto whom the to be hid up unto the Lord that DS 3:211
words of the ancient American prophets would ultimately come. they may come forth in his own Morm. 5:12,14
5.12.13—Jacob—The scholars of the world have pointed to Jacob’s name due time. CR81-A 21
as a term of derision, inasmuch as one of its prominent meanings in
Hebrew is “supplanter”. It literally means, however, “heel-catcher” in
reference to one of the instances in the manner of his birth, he holding
on to Esau’s heel as he was being born. It is interesting that Esau him-
self used wordplay to deride Jacob’s acquisition of the birthright and
the blessing. This complaint and accusation was to come to an end with
the angel’s blessing. The scholars of the world have apparently missed
this point.
5.12.41—hid—It should not surprise us to learn that the prophet Mor-
mon had seen in vision precisely where he was to take the vast collec-
tion of records in his charge. He knew that there was a place where he
could safely ensconce the Nephite plates. He also knew that he would
find there a location where his own work might be preserved from the
hands of the Lamanites, to come forth in the latter days to be a blessing
to the world.

5.13 The work of preserving the essence of the Lord’s dealings with the chil- 13 And this is the commandment
dren of Lehi had been guided in every aspect by the hand of the Lord. Mor- which I have received; and behold,
mon knew in his heart and in his mind that the preservation and the restora- they shall come forth according to
tion of the truth for the benefit of the children of Lehi would likewise be *the commandment of the Lord, * p. 528
guided and directed in every aspect. In this, he was perfectly justified. when he shall see fit, in his
wisdom.

5.14 We may speculate at great length about the destiny of the Jewish people 14 And behold, they shall go unto Morm. 5:14
and how it is that they will come to believe in the Lord Jesus as the Son of the the unbelieving of the Jews; and for AF 334, 343

41
living God. Whatever the sequence of events, whatever the instruments this intent shall they go—that they MD 637, 744
involved, however the prophecies might be interpreted and applied, it is may be persuaded that Jesus is the DS 3:9
certain that the Book of Mormon will be one of the major motivations for Christ, the Son of the living God; PM 152, 182
their acceptance of the Christ. Their transition from incredulity to belief will that the Father may bring about,
be as sweet as it has been for other remnants of the House of Israel, no matter through his most Beloved, his great
whatever trials and tribulations they may be called to pass through. In con- and eternal purpose, in restoring
junction with their faith in Jesus Christ will be the confirmation of their lands the Jews, or all the house of Israel,
of promise, that they might have a habitation there in time and in eternity. to the land of their inheritance,
5.14.11—Jews—That is, those who could trace their linage back to Judah, which the Lord their God hath
one of the twelve sons of Jacob. The land of Palestine had been home given them, unto the fulfilling of
to twelve tribes at one time, but this had been generally reduced to the his covenant;
remnants, the largest faction being that of the tribe of Judah.
5.14.25—Jesus—The Anglicized form of the Greek transliteration of the
Hebrew name, Oshea or Joshua. At its root, “Jesus” means “Savior”.
5.14.28—Christ—Simply put, the name “Christ” is the Greek translation
of the Hebrew “Messiah”. In both Hebrew and Greek, the terms mean
“anointed one”. Every prophet of God from the days of Adam has been
anointed in preparation for their ministry to the world. Every king who
has ruled by divine right has also been anointed as part of his ascen-
dancy to the throne and the scepter. The same may be said of every
priest who has administered the ordinances of the Priesthood, particu-
larly those of the Melchizedek Priesthood, and most specifically in the
House of the Lord. Some scholars have suggested that even though
certain men have been anointed to be prophets and priests, or kings
and priests, or prophets and kings, none but Jesus has been anointed
prophet, priest, and king. Of course, these scholars have asserted such
out of ignorance, not understanding that all those who are heirs of sal-
vation and exaltation have been anointed prophets, priests, and kings in
similitude of their Savior. Jesus is Lord of Lords, King of Kings, the
Great High Priest who presides over all priesthood, the prophet who
has inspired all prophets in whatever time or place in which they might
have lived. He is our Master in all things, but his labors have been
designed to bring us all back into the presence of God as he is.
5.14.59—Israel—In reference to the covenant people, traditionally the
posterity of the patriarch Jacob. There are those, however, who have
been adopted into the House of Israel through obedience to the prin-
ciples and ordinances of the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ.

5.15 Mormon knew that the veil of unbelief and the spirit of the devil would 15 And also that the seed of this Morm. 5:15
continue to blind and weaken the children of Lehi for many generations after people may more fully believe his MD 429
his departure from mortality. The Lamanites would become almost completely gospel, which shall go forth unto Morm 5:15–20
oblivious of the hereditary blessings that had been reserved for them by their them from the Gentiles; for this MLM 209
fathers, more subjugated to the power of Satan than at any other time in their people shall be scattered, and shall
history. become a dark, a filthy, and a
5.15.23—Gentiles—The Greek word “Gentiles” means “foreigners” or loathsome people, beyond the
“strangers”, and was first applied to the Greeks themselves when that description of that which ever hath
empire came in contact with the Jews during the early part of the been amongst us, yea, even that
fourth century BC. The Hebrew word translated as “Gentiles” carries which hath been among the
with it the notion of “massing” like unto locusts and other ravenous Lamanites, and this because of their
insects. Our English word derives from the Greek through Latin. unbelief and idolatry.
Although the title could refer to any not of the covenant peoples, yet it
has its most important application to the remnants of the Greco-
Roman civilization, or what is called Western Civilization.
5.15.60—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any

42
 way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

5.16 In a literal sense, the Nephites were being driven and scattered by the 16 For behold, the Spirit of the Morm. 5:16
enormity of the forces arrayed against them, fleeing ever northward to escape Lord hath already ceased to strive AGQ 1:72
the destruction. The Lamanites were driven to pursue, in a blind rage inspired with their fathers; and they are MD 631
by the spirit of the evil one. Both sides hearkened to his voice, drinking from without Christ and God in the CR93-O 19
the fountain of filthy waters unto the damnation of their own souls. world; and they are driven about as Morm. 5:16–17
5.16.20—Christ—Simply put, the name “Christ” is the Greek translation chaff before the wind. PM 179
of the Hebrew “Messiah”. In both Hebrew and Greek, the terms mean
“anointed one”. Every prophet of God from the days of Adam has been
anointed in preparation for their ministry to the world. Every king who
has ruled by divine right has also been anointed as part of his ascen-
dancy to the throne and the scepter. The same may be said of every
priest who has administered the ordinances of the Priesthood, particu-
larly those of the Melchizedek Priesthood, and most specifically in the
House of the Lord. Some scholars have suggested that even though
certain men have been anointed to be prophets and priests, or kings
and priests, or prophets and kings, none but Jesus has been anointed
prophet, priest, and king. Of course, these scholars have asserted such
out of ignorance, not understanding that all those who are heirs of sal-
vation and exaltation have been anointed prophets, priests, and kings in
similitude of their Savior. Jesus is Lord of Lords, King of Kings, the
Great High Priest who presides over all priesthood, the prophet who
has inspired all prophets in whatever time or place in which they might
have lived. He is our Master in all things, but his labors have been
designed to bring us all back into the presence of God as he is.

5.17 For nearly two hundred years, the fathers of the combatants had lived in 17 They were once a delightsome Morm. 5:17
peace and harmony, filled with the spirit of God and a deep and abiding love people, and they had Christ for MD 328
for one another. Their fall from grace could not have been more disconcerting their shepherd; yea, they were led
to those who were privy to it. even by God the Father.
5.17.10—Christ—Simply put, the name “Christ” is the Greek translation
of the Hebrew “Messiah”. In both Hebrew and Greek, the terms mean
“anointed one”. Every prophet of God from the days of Adam has been
anointed in preparation for their ministry to the world. Every king who
has ruled by divine right has also been anointed as part of his ascen-
dancy to the throne and the scepter. The same may be said of every
priest who has administered the ordinances of the Priesthood, particu-
larly those of the Melchizedek Priesthood, and most specifically in the
House of the Lord. Some scholars have suggested that even though
certain men have been anointed to be prophets and priests, or kings
and priests, or prophets and kings, none but Jesus has been anointed
prophet, priest, and king. Of course, these scholars have asserted such
out of ignorance, not understanding that all those who are heirs of sal-
vation and exaltation have been anointed prophets, priests, and kings in
similitude of their Savior. Jesus is Lord of Lords, King of Kings, the
Great High Priest who presides over all priesthood, the prophet who
has inspired all prophets in whatever time or place in which they might
have lived. He is our Master in all things, but his labors have been
designed to bring us all back into the presence of God as he is.

5.18 Chaff, or the husks and straw of winnowed grain, has little or no sub- 18 But now, behold, they are led Morm. 5:18
stance and therefore is easily driven away by the wind from the threshing floor. about by Satan, even as chaff is TSWK 163
A ship without sail, anchor, or rudder is helpless upon the waters of the deep; driven before the wind, or as a ves- MF 21

43
it is powerless, directionless, and without stability of any kind. sel is tossed about upon the waves, FPM 61
without sail or anchor, or without
anything wherewith to steer her;
and even as she is, so are they.

5.19 The fullness of the Gospel and the first insights into the history of the 19 And behold, the Lord hath
children of God in this hemisphere were taken away from the descendants of reserved their blessings, which they
the faithful saints who dwelt here anciently. Those who would come here might have received in the land, for
under the direction of the Lord God of Israel, remnants of the House of Israel the Gentiles who shall possess the
who would accompany the Gentiles in their conquest of the land, would be land.
the means by which the descendants of Lehi would regain their lost blessings.
It could have been facilitated by one of the latter-day Lamanites, but the
Lord’s economy dictated otherwise.
5.19.26—Gentiles—The Greek word “Gentiles” means “foreigners” or
“strangers”, and was first applied to the Greeks themselves when that
empire came in contact with the Jews during the early part of the
fourth century BC. The Hebrew word translated as “Gentiles” carries
with it the notion of “massing” like unto locusts and other ravenous
insects. Our English word derives from the Greek through Latin.
Although the title could refer to any not of the covenant peoples, yet it
has its most important application to the remnants of the Greco-
Roman civilization, or what is called Western Civilization.

5.20 One cannot review the events that followed in the wake of the European 20 But behold, it shall come to Morm. 5:20
discovery of the Americas and not perceive the fulfillment of Mormon’s pass that they shall be driven and AF 327
words. The posterity of father Lehi suffered greatly under the grinding heel of scattered by the Gentiles; and after FPM 341
the Gentiles, bowing before the military and economic might of those colo- they have been driven and scattered CR99-O 89
nizing peoples. The ultimate salvation of the posterity of Lehi, both tem- by the Gentiles, behold, then will
porally and spiritually, will come as they accept the blessings that have been the Lord remember the covenant
revealed to them by those who have received the keys of the priesthood and which he made unto Abraham and
the oracles of heaven. unto all the house of Israel.
5.20.17—Gentiles—The Greek word “Gentiles” means “foreigners” or
“strangers”, and was first applied to the Greeks themselves when that
empire came in contact with the Jews during the early part of the
fourth century BC. The Hebrew word translated as “Gentiles” carries
with it the notion of “massing” like unto locusts and other ravenous
insects. Our English word derives from the Greek through Latin.
Although the title could refer to any not of the covenant peoples, yet it
has its most important application to the remnants of the Greco-
Roman civilization, or what is called Western Civilization.
5.20.41—Abraham—The undisputed “Father of the Faithful”. Modern
biblical scholars are generally kind to Abraham as are most theologians
in the sister religious of Judaism. The spiritual stature of Abraham is,
for the most part, immeasurable by man. Abraham is one of the Lord
God’s noblemen, whose faith and confidence in the divine word are
equaled or excelled by few who have come into mortality upon this
earth. Removing the Lord Jesus Christ from the list of candidates, how-
ever, would probably render our estimation of Abraham all but abso-
lute. Abraham was one of three sons born to Terah during a millen-
nium of poverty and famine. Through Abraham’s ministrations the
promises made to the ancient fathers were preserved and re-established
in earnest. In one of the most tender of moments recorded in secular or
ecclesiastical history, the Lord God of Heaven instructed Abraham in
the nature of the greatest gift that a loving God may bestow upon his
creation when he asked for the sacrificed life of his son Isaac.

44
 5.20.48—Israel—In reference to the covenant people, traditionally the
posterity of the patriarch Jacob. There are those, however, who have
been adopted into the House of Israel through obedience to the prin-
ciples and ordinances of the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ.

5.21 All of the prophets and servants of God have looked upon the plight of 21 And also the Lord will remem-
the remnants of the House of Israel and have sought the blessings of heaven in ber the prayers of the righteous,
their behalf, out of the compassion, love, and mercy that the spirit of God which have been put up unto him
inspired in them. for them.

5.22 Either the Gentiles will be for the Lord and his economy or they will 22 And then, O ye Gentiles, how
stand against it. Woe be unto those who think to confront and defy the pur- can ye stand before the power of
poses of God! The salvation of the Gentiles can only come in conjunction God, except ye shall repent and
with their willing nurturing of the remnants of Israel. turn from your evil ways?
5.22.5—Gentiles—The Greek word “Gentiles” means “foreigners” or
“strangers”, and was first applied to the Greeks themselves when that
empire came in contact with the Jews during the early part of the
fourth century BC. The Hebrew word translated as “Gentiles” carries
with it the notion of “massing” like unto locusts and other ravenous
insects. Our English word derives from the Greek through Latin.
Although the title could refer to any not of the covenant peoples, yet it
has its most important application to the remnants of the Greco-
Roman civilization, or what is called Western Civilization.

5.23 The future reality should concern us, to the point of abject humility and 23 Know ye not that ye are in the Morm. 5:23
effective repentance. The world as it is will not continue, nor will the pleasures hands of God? Know ye not that he MD 544
and vices of the world continue. There will come a time of great cleansing, hath all power, and at his great CR85-A 92
during which the chaff of the field and the dross of the refinery will be command the earth shall be rolled
summarily dismissed. This is inevitable and inescapable, although there will be together as a scroll?
many who will seek deliverance from the glory of God and the majesty of His
Son. They will not, nay, cannot succeed.
5.23.33—scroll—This is an image that is frequently confused with that
which is used by Isaiah and other prophets in referring to the abun-
dance of latter day revelation just prior to and during the Millennium.
Isaiah and John the Beloved, for example, both write of the heavens as
being like unto a scroll of papyrus or parchment. For the wicked, the
heavens will be sealed, the scroll having been rolled up and put away,
the Spirit of God having fully withdrawn from the nations of the earth
(see IS-C 34.4). For the saints of God, the scroll of heaven will be
completely unrolled that they might know all truth in relation to the
interactions between heaven and earth (see RV-C 6.14). Here, Jesus is
reported to have spoken of the earth being rolled together as a scroll.
We may not know exactly what the image implies. If physical, we may
expect rather catastrophic changes in the nature of the earth that will
accompany the second advent of the Lord Jesus Christ. If metaphorical,
we might speculate that the earth, like a scroll being prepared for
transportation, is to pass through a transformation that will enable it to
come back into the presence of the Father.

5.24 The Gentiles must seek compassion and mercy from the Lord God of 24 Therefore, repent ye, and Morm. 5:24
Israel, for they will find it in no other place. How exactly the Lord will use the humble yourselves before him, lest EM 2:663
remnants of His covenant people to straiten the recalcitrant Gentiles, we are he shall come out in justice against
not told, even though we have the metaphorical allusions set before us. It is you—lest a remnant of the seed of
unlikely that bitter warfare or merciless destruction will be the means. The Jacob shall go forth among you as a

45
effect, however, may be very much like that wrought by Samuel the Lamanite lion, and tear you in pieces, and
when he came in among the Nephites in the land of Zarahemla. there is none to deliver.
5.24.25—Jacob—The scholars of the world have pointed to Jacob’s name
as a term of derision, inasmuch as one of its prominent meanings in
Hebrew is “supplanter”. It literally means, however, “heel-catcher” in
reference to one of the instances in the manner of his birth, he holding
on to Esau’s heel as he was being born. It is interesting that Esau
himself used wordplay to deride Jacob’s acquisition of the birthright
and the blessing. This complaint and accusation was to come to an end
with the angel’s blessing. The scholars of the world have apparently
missed this point.

{*Chapter III} * p. 529

(Chapter 6)
{¶—1830}

6.1 The last city mentioned by Mormon in their northward flight from the 1 AND now I finish my record Morm. 6
Lamanites was Jordan, a city that they successfully defended against two assaults. concerning the destruction of my MD 175, 529
In the year 380, that city and presumably many others in the surrounding people, the Nephites. And it came DS 3:234, 320
region fell (see 5.3–6). Again, Mormon did not provide us with any geograph- to pass that we did march forth JC 742
ical information nor did he remark about the time involved (see 5.7). But as before the Lamanites. MM 4:396
will be seen below, no less than four years had elapsed since Jordan. What EM 1:156, 165,
follows is a compilation of named locations within the framework of the final 200, 213
war between the Lamanites and the Nephites EM 2:933
EM 4:1598
Date Location Direction Win/Loss Scripture
363 Desolation South Defeat Mormon 4:1–2
363 Desolation North Defeat Mormon 4:2
363 Teancum North Victory Mormon 4:3
364 Teancum Victory Mormon 4:7
364 Desolation South Victory Mormon 4:8
366 Desolation North Defeat Mormon 4:10–13
366 Teancum North Defeat Mormon 4:14
367 Teancum South Victory Mormon 4:15
367 Desolation South Victory Mormon 4:15
375 Desolation North Defeat Mormon 4:19
375–379 Boaz North Victory Mormon 4:20
375–379 Boaz North Defeat Mormon 4:21
375–379 Towns & Villages North Defeat Mormon 4:22
375–379 Shim-Antum North Defeat Mormon 4:23
375–379 Jordan North Victory Mormon 5:3
375–379 Jordan; others Victory Mormon 5:4
380 Jordan North Defeat Mormon 5:6
380 (flight) North Defeat Mormon 6:1–2
384 Cumorah North Defeat Mormon 6:6–15

Note that beginning in 375 the Nephite armies never again regained lands
that had been lost to the Lamanites. The retreat to Jordan transpired over a
four year period and the flight to Cumorah took place during a four or five
year period of time. If we assume that the city of Desolation were located
somewhere within what is now called the Panama isthmus, then the flight to
the hill Cumorah would have involved a distance of about five thousand miles.
On average, this retreat would have averaged about 1.5 miles a day. Needless
to say, some days during that time would have involved no travelling. By the

46
same token, other days would have required the Nephites to travel consider-
ably more than 1.5 miles a day in order to preserve their lives. We cannot
pretend to know where the city of Jordan was, except that it was relatively near
the hill Shim and the land of Antum. The flight from Jordan to Cumorah
would have been swift indeed, but we can only speculate about the precise
distance. Even if the city of Jordan were located in the isthmus of Panama, the
retreat to the hill Cumorah over that five year period would have been no
more than three miles a day.
6.1.14—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.
6.1.28—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

6.2 The hill Cumorah is located in the western regions of the modern State of 2 And I, Mormon, wrote an Morm. 6:2
New York. Notwithstanding strenuous arguments to the contrary, it is the epistle unto the king of the Laman- EM 1:164
very same prominence upon which both the Jaredite and Nephite civilizations ites, and desired of him that he Morm. 6:2,7
came to an end. If there ever was another hill that was called Cumorah, it is would grant unto us that we might EM 2:933
not chronicled in the Book of Mormon or in the history of The Church of gather together our people unto the
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. To assert the existence of another location land of Cumorah, by a hill which
for the depository for the vast records of the Nephites does nothing to enhance was called Cumorah, and there we
the faith and testimony of the saints of God. Nor does such an assertion could give them battle.
effectively resolve any intellectual conundrums regarding Nephite history,
either real or feigned.
6.2.3—Mormon—The father of the angel Moroni and the compiler of the
record of the Nephite civilization and its dealings with the Lord God of
Heaven. He is, for the most part, the narrative voice from Mosiah
through the seventh chapter of Mormon.
6.2.9—king—It seems unlikely that this would have been Aaron, the last
named Lamanite king of the Book of Mormon. Aaron ruled the
Lamanites some fifty-five years before (see 2.9).
6.2.12—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
6.2.34—Cumorah—The site of the destruction of the Nephite peoples at
the hands of the Lamanites during the fourth century AD. It was also
the site of the destruction of the Jaredite nation a millennium before,
the hill then being called Ramah. Within its confines, the entire library
of the Nephite civilization was placed by the prophet Mormon. Not-
withstanding arguments to the contrary, this is the same hill where the
singular stone box was constructed into which Moroni placed his
father’s record. That is to say, the hill Cumorah is, in fact, located in
western New York, near the town of Palmyra. There is no other.

6.3 We are not told how long this gathering took to accomplish. More than 3 And it came to pass that the
230,000 would die around the hill Cumorah. king of the Lamanites did grant
6.3.11—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who unto me the thing which I desired.
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
Morm. 6:4
6.4 The hill Cumorah is located in the Finger Lakes region of the State of 4 And it came to pass that we did DS 3:233
New York and is, indeed, a land of many waters, rivers, and springs. march forth to the land of

47
 6.4.15—Cumorah—The site of the destruction of the Nephite peoples at Cumorah, and we did pitch our
the hands of the Lamanites during the fourth century AD. It was also tents around about the hill
the site of the destruction of the Jaredite nation a millennium before, Cumorah; and it was in a land of
the hill then being called Ramah. Within its confines, the entire library many waters, rivers, and fountains;
of the Nephite civilization was placed by the prophet Mormon. Not- and here we had hope to gain
withstanding arguments to the contrary, this is the same hill where the advantage over the Lamanites.
singular stone box was constructed into which Moroni placed his
father’s record. That is to say, the hill Cumorah is, in fact, located in
western New York, near the town of Palmyra. There is no other.
6.4.49—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

6.5 It would appear that all of those who considered themselves Nephites were 5 And when three hundred and Morm. 6:5–22
gathered together at the hill Cumorah. We do not know from whence they eighty and four years had passed EM 1:170
came. Were they drawn in from Nephite settlements in the area or were they away, we had gathered in all the
simply recruited from the scattered remnants of the people who had been remainder of our people unto the
fleeing for their lives for the preceding five years? land of Cumorah.
6.5.3–8—three hundred and eighty and four years—The 384th year since
the appearance of the signs announcing the birth of the Lord Jesus
Christ included portions of the years AD 383 and 384
6.5.27—Cumorah—The site of the destruction of the Nephite peoples at
the hands of the Lamanites during the fourth century AD. It was also
the site of the destruction of the Jaredite nation a millennium before,
the hill then being called Ramah. Within its confines, the entire library
of the Nephite civilization was placed by the prophet Mormon. Not-
withstanding arguments to the contrary, this is the same hill where the
singular stone box was constructed into which Moroni placed his
father’s record. That is to say, the hill Cumorah is, in fact, located in
western New York, near the town of Palmyra. There is no other. {¶—1830}

6.6 Modern day descriptions of the place where Mormon hid all of the 6 And it came to pass that when Morm. 6:6
Nephite plates indicate clearly that it was a large excavated room within the we had gathered in all our people DS 3:235
hill Cumorah itself. One wonders when it was constructed. Did Mormon and in one to the land of Cumorah, JC 767
his men have time to build such a safe place for the records in such a fashion behold I, Mormon, began to be EM 1:346
that it would not be discovered by the Lamanites after the Nephites were all old; and knowing it to be the last EM 2:932
killed? The Jaredite nation had perished at the same location many centuries struggle of my people, and having
before, they having referred to the hill Cumorah as the hill Ramah (see ET-C been commanded of the Lord that
15.11). Had the room that became the depository for the Nephite records I should not suffer the records
been built then as part of a defensive network for the Coriantumr and his which had been handed down by
soldiers? We do not know, but it seems likely. our fathers, which were sacred, to
6.6.21—Cumorah—The site of the destruction of the Nephite peoples at fall into the hands of the Laman-
the hands of the Lamanites during the fourth century AD. It was also ites, (for the Lamanites would
the site of the destruction of the Jaredite nation a millennium before, destroy them) therefore I made this
the hill then being called Ramah. Within its confines, the entire library record out of the plates of Nephi,
of the Nephite civilization was placed by the prophet Mormon. Not- and hid up in the hill Cumorah all
withstanding arguments to the contrary, this is the same hill where the the records which had been
singular stone box was constructed into which Moroni placed his entrusted to me by the hand of the
father’s record. That is to say, the hill Cumorah is, in fact, located in Lord, save it were these few plates
western New York, near the town of Palmyra. There is no other. which I gave unto my son Moroni.
6.6.24—Mormon—The father of the angel Moroni and the compiler of
the record of the Nephite civilization and its dealings with the Lord
God of Heaven. He is, for the most part, the narrative voice from
Mosiah through the seventh chapter of Mormon.

48
 6.6.28—old—Mormon was now in his seventy-fifth year (see 4 NE-C
1.48–49 and 1.1–2).
6.6.43—commanded—This is undoubtedly what had prompted Mormon
to take command of the Nephite armies sometime between the years
375 and 379, by which manpower he was able to transport the Nephite
records from the hill Shim in the land of Antum to the hill Cumorah
(see 4.17–23 and 5.1–5).
6.6.73—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.
6.6.82–83—this record—In reference to collection of plates from which the
narrative of the Book of Mormon has been translated.
6.6.87–89—plates of Nephi—In reference to the Large Plates of Nephi
which contained nearly a thousand years of written history engraved
upon metal plates. There were in excess of many wagon loads of these
records.
6.6.90—Nephi—In reference to the large plates of Nephi that had been
initiated by the son of Lehi and continued as a repository of the
Nephite civilization for a thousand years.
6.6.106–108—these few plates—Again, in reference to the small collection
of plates fashioned by Mormon upon which he recorded his compend-
ium of Nephite history. These would be secreted by his son Moroni in
another place on the hill Cumorah many years later.
6.6.124—Moroni—This, of course, is the man who would be chosen to
complete Mormon’s record and serve as the guardian of the plates until
the time of the Restoration of the Church and Kingdom of God.

6.7 Mormon does not tell us whether the women and children were armed 7 And it came to pass that my
and included directly in the count of the dead, but that was probably the case. people, with their wives and their
Their fear would have been debilitating, indeed, if the armies of the Lamanites children, did now behold the
were composed only of hardened warriors. armies of the Lamanites marching
6.7.22—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who towards them; and with that awful
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any fear of death which fills the breasts
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate of all the wicked, did they await to
amount of pride. receive them.
6.7.30—fear—The sting of death is sin. The armies of the Nephites were
filled with men and women who had refused to repent. Faced with
death, they perceived themselves as candidates for hell.

6.8 We can only imagine how the Lamanites approached the battle, particu- 8 And it came to pass that they Morm. 6:8–15
larly in light of the enormity of their numbers and the nature of the soldiers of came to battle against us, and every EM 2:932
the Nephites. soul was filled with terror because
of the greatness of their numbers.

6.9 No less than a quarter of a million people fell before the Lamanites in a 9 And it came to pass that they
single day. We have no idea as to how many casualties there were among the did fall upon my people with the
Lamanites. Given the fear of the Nephites and the possibility that there were sword, and with the bow, and with
many among the soldiers who were women and children, we may easily con- the arrow, and with the ax, and
clude that there were relatively few of the Lamanites who fell in battle. This with all manner of weapons of war.
was an appalling bloodletting which brought neither repentance nor remorse.

6.10 Mormon fell wounded in the battle, his prostrate body unnoticed by the 10 And it came to pass that my
victorious Lamanites. We are not told if he was discovered by one of the other men were hewn down, yea, even
survivors or if he regained consciousness and gathered with them at the top of my ten thousand who were with

49
the hill Cumorah. me, and I fell wounded in the
6.10.8—men—Is Mormon being literal here, or is he simply referring to midst; and they passed by me that
the total number of men, women, and children who pertained to his they did not put an end to my life.
particular command? The death toll would have been considerably
greater than ten thousand if he is counting only the male adults in the
army.

6.11 We are not told how the twenty-four escaped death. It is conceivable that 11 And when they had gone Morm. 6:11–15
all of them had been wounded in some fashion and left for dead by the through and hewn down all my EM 3:1163
Lamanites. people save it were twenty and four
6.11.26—Moroni—This, of course, is the man who would be chosen to of us, (among whom was my son
complete Mormon’s record and serve as the guardian of the plates until Moroni) and we having survived
the time of the Restoration of the Church and Kingdom of God. the dead of our *people, did behold * p. 530
6.11.43—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who on the morrow, when the Laman-
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any ites had returned unto their camps,
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate from the top of the hill Cumorah,
amount of pride. the ten thousand of my people who
6.11.51—top—The hill Cumorah is of considerable size and the most were hewn down, being led in the
elevated of the prominences in the vicinity. front by me.
6.11.54—Cumorah—The site of the destruction of the Nephite peoples at
the hands of the Lamanites during the fourth century AD. It was also
the site of the destruction of the Jaredite nation a millennium before,
the hill then being called Ramah. Within its confines, the entire library
of the Nephite civilization was placed by the prophet Mormon. Not-
withstanding arguments to the contrary, this is the same hill where the
singular stone box was constructed into which Moroni placed his
father’s record. That is to say, the hill Cumorah is, in fact, located in
western New York, near the town of Palmyra. There is no other.
6.11.57–58—ten thousand—We cannot be absolutely certain that this
constituted a complete count of the actual dead or whether this is a
tally just of the men (see 6.10).

6.12 Again, we may speak of the regular divisions of the Nephite army, but we 12 And we also beheld the ten
should be cautious regarding their composition. thousand of my people who were
6.12.18—Moroni—This, of course, is the man who would be chosen to led by my son Moroni.
complete Mormon’s record and serve as the guardian of the plates until
the time of the Restoration of the Church and Kingdom of God.

6.13 We should probably conclude that Gidgiddonah died with his men. 13 And behold, the ten thousand
6.13.7—Gidgidonnah—This is the only place in the narrative of the Book of Gidgiddonah had fallen, and he
of Mormon where this Nephite general is mentioned by name. also in the midst.

6.14 These men represent a minimum of 100,000 deaths among the Nephites, 14 And Lamah had fallen with his
considerably more if only the adult males were numbered. We should not be ten thousand; and Gilgal had fallen
surprised to find both Jaredite and Hebrew given names among the Nephites. with his ten thousand; and Limhah
6.14.2—Lamah—This is the only place in the narrative of the Book of had fallen with his ten thousand;
Mormon where this Nephite general is mentioned by name. and Jeneum had fallen with his ten
6.14.10—Gilgal—This is the only place in the narrative of the Book of thousand; and Cumenihah, and
Mormon where this Nephite general is mentioned by name. This Moronihah, and Antionum, and
Nephite ought not be confused with the place name that is featured Shiblom, and Shem, and Josh, had
prominently in the text of the Old Testament, although it was undoub- fallen with their ten thousand each.
tedly inspired by the same.
6.14.18—Limhah—This is the only place in the narrative of the Book of
Mormon where this Nephite general is mentioned by name.
6.14.26—Joneam—This is the only place in the narrative of the Book of

50
 Mormon where this Nephite general is mentioned by name.
6.14.34—Camenihah—This is the only place in the narrative of the Book
of Mormon where this Nephite general is mentioned by name.
6.14.36—Moronihah—This is the only place in the narrative of the Book
of Mormon where this Nephite general is mentioned by name. He
ought not be confused with another general of the same name, the son
of the chief captain Moroni, who served in the land of Zarahemla
during the first century BC (see AL-C 62.43). There was also a city in
the land of Zarahemla that bore this same name (see 3 NE-C 8.10).
6.14.38—Antionum—This is the only place in the narrative of the Book of
Mormon where this Nephite general is mentioned by name. Ought not
to be confused with the Zoramite city of the Nephites, although the
place name may have inspired the given name.
6.14.40—Shiblom—This is the only place in the narrative of the Book of
Mormon where this Nephite general is mentioned by name. He ought
not be confused with a Jaredite king of the same name (see ET-C 11.4).
6.14.42—Shem—This is the only place in the narrative of the Book of
Mormon where this Nephite general is mentioned by name. There was
a city of the same name at which the Nephites won a decisive battle
against the Lamanites (see 2.21–29). Needless to say, he ought not be
confused with one of the sons of the prophet Noah who survived the
great deluge.
6.14.44—Josh—This is the only place in the narrative of the Book of
Mormon where this Nephite general is mentioned by name. It is also
the name of city destroyed at the time of the Savior’s death (see 3 NE-C
9.10). {¶—1830}

6.15 These ten unnamed generals commanded another one hundred thousand 15 And it came to pass that there Morm. 6:15
Nephite warriors, with perhaps an additional multitude of women and chil- were ten more who did fall by the FPM 346
dren. This would amount to a grand total of over 230,000 souls that perished sword, with their ten thousand EM 2:805
on the slopes of the hill Cumorah and environs. No one remained to bury the each; yea, even all my people, save
dead. The Lamanites left them as they had fallen. it were those twenty and four who
6.15.31–33—twenty and four—The same 24 who were mentioned in verse were with me, and also a few who
11. We know nothing more of them. had escaped into the south coun-
6.15.41—few—Moroni testifies that those Nephites that had fled to the tries, and a few who had deserted
south had been hunted down and slain by the Lamanites (see 8.2). over unto the Lamanites, had
6.15.51—few—We know nothing of the fate of these deserters. In the fallen; and their flesh, and bones,
early stages of the war, the Lamanites did not allow for the defeated and blood lay upon the face of the
men to remain in the land (see 5.5). These latter deserters, however, did earth, being left by the hands of
not pose a threat to the armies of the Lamanites and may have been those who slew them to molder
spared as a result. upon the land, and to crumble and
6.15.58—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who to return to their mother earth.
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

6.16 The sorrow of the living for the dead is exacerbated if those who perished 16 And my soul was rent with Morm. 6:16
have no prospects in the paradise of God. anguish, because of the slain of my MD 38
people, and I cried: Morm. 6:16–22
EM 2:933
6.17 Those many hundreds of thousands of Nephites who had fallen by the 17 O ye fair ones, how could ye Morm. 6:17
sword during the final ten years of the war with the Lamanites were men and have departed from the ways of the CR82-O 99
women who had thrown off the traditions of their righteous ancestors and Lord! O ye fair ones, how could ye CR87-O 103
who had openly and willingly embraced the lusts and temptations of the have rejected that Jesus, who stood CR90-O 69
natural man. with open arms to receive you! CR91-A 119

51
 6.17.2—fair—The English word “fair” is of a complex derivation and CR91-O 43
meaning. Not only does the word refer to complexion and natural CR92-O 92
beauty, it has to do with many other sentiments and conditions as well. CR93-A 114
At the heart of its meaning is the notion of a thing having been CR94-O 47
scrubbed clean, purified from all stain and extraneous matter. Implied CR01-O 22
in the semantic power of the word are the sentiments of “openness, Morm. 6:17–18
frankness, honesty, candidness, civil, pleasant, prosperity, plain, legible, MF 137
success”. The Nephites had fallen from all that is good and virtuous Morm. 6:17–22
through an abject refusal to follow the Lord Jesus Christ. EM 1:156
6.17.26—Jesus—The Anglicized form of the Greek transliteration of the
Hebrew name, Oshea or Joshua. At its root, “Jesus” means “Savior”.

6.18 Mormon’s anguish is no less poignant that the suffering of the Three 18 Behold, if ye had not done
Disciples for the decadence of the erstwhile saints of God (see 4 NE-C 1.44). this, ye would not have fallen. But
behold, ye are fallen, and I mourn
your loss.

6.19 This is a question worthy of every generation that has chosen to follow 19 O ye fair sons and daughters,
after the world rather than pursue the marked course to salvation and ye fathers and mothers, ye hus-
exaltation. bands and wives, ye fair ones, how
is it that ye could have fallen!

6.20 The last of the Nephites had been ushered into the world of spirits 20 But behold, ye are gone, and
completely unprepared to enter thereunto. They would spend hundreds of my sorrows cannot bring your
years there regretting their choices made in mortality, attempting to find a return.
release from their suffering, the suffering of the wicked.

6.21 We cannot easily speak of the destiny of those who died at the hill 21 And the day soon cometh that
Cumorah. They might have sought of forgiveness of their sins immediately, your mortal must put on immor-
but who would provide the ordinances of salvation in their behalf. This, no tality, and these bodies which are
doubt, will be a labor of love worked during the Millennium by those who are now moldering in corruption must
merciful and kind. They have, however, remained in spirit prison for over soon become incorruptible bodies;
sixteen hundred years. and then ye must stand before the
6.21.36—Christ—Simply put, the name “Christ” is the Greek translation judgment-seat of Christ to be
of the Hebrew “Messiah”. In both Hebrew and Greek, the terms mean judged according to your works
“anointed one”. Every prophet of God from the days of Adam has been and if it so be that ye are righteous,
anointed in preparation for their ministry to the world. Every king who then are ye blessed with your
has ruled by divine right has also been anointed as part of his ascen- fathers who have gone before you.
dancy to the throne and the scepter. The same may be said of every
priest who has administered the ordinances of the Priesthood, particu-
larly those of the Melchizedek Priesthood, and most specifically in the
House of the Lord. Some scholars have suggested that even though
certain men have been anointed to be prophets and priests, or kings
and priests, or prophets and kings, none but Jesus has been anointed
prophet, priest, and king. Of course, these scholars have asserted such
out of ignorance, not understanding that all those who are heirs of sal-
vation and exaltation have been anointed prophets, priests, and kings in
similitude of their Savior. Jesus is Lord of Lords, King of Kings, the
Great High Priest who presides over all priesthood, the prophet who
has inspired all prophets in whatever time or place in which they might
have lived. He is our Master in all things, but his labors have been
designed to bring us all back into the presence of God as he is.

6.22 It is far easier to repent and receive forgiveness while dwelling in the 22 O that ye had repented before
mortal sphere than it is to achieve the same in the world of spirits. Yet, all who this great destruction had come

52
have ever lived will have a complete opportunity to receive all of the blessings upon you. But behold, ye are gone,
of eternity according to their faith and diligence. The justice of the God of and the Father, yea, the Eternal
Heaven will be accompanied by great compassion and love. Father of heaven, knoweth your
state; and he doeth with you
according to his justice and mercy.

{Chapter III; continued}

(Chapter 7)
{¶—1830}

7.1 No one among the ravaging armies that scoured the countryside for 1 AND now, behold, I would Morm. 7
Nephite stragglers would ever read the words that Mormon was composing on speak somewhat unto the remnant JC 742
his plates. Nor would their children or their children’s children. Many cen- of this people who are spared, if it MM 4:396
turies would pass before the fullness of the Gospel of Jesus Christ as contained so be that God may give unto them EM 1:156, 170,
in the Book of Mormon would come forth out of its hiding place. Mormon’s my words, that they may know of 197, 200, 201,
faith in the word of God is such that he knew that the posterity of his adver- the things of *their fathers; yea, I 213
saries would, in the distant future, come to a knowledge of the truth. He knew speak unto you, ye remnant of the EM 2:749
too that many millions of them would forsake the traditions of their fathers house of Israel; and these are the Morm. 7:1
and cleave unto the Church of Christ to find eternal salvation in the Celestial words which I speak: CR86-O 5
Kingdom of God. His counsel is for them, to strengthen them in their resolve Morm. 7:1–10
to keep the commandments of the Father. MLM 219
7.1.10—remnant—Nominally, the vast majority of those who survived the * p. 531
final conflict at the hill Cumorah were Lamanites, but that opposing
force consisted of genetic Nephites who had apostatized from their
association with their brethren. Philosophically, the victors in that
destruction were a composite of those who had rejected the fullness of
the Gospel of Jesus Christ, together with members of the secret com-
bination that had risen up against the judicial government of the
Nephites. For all of their wickedness, most of the surviving combatants
were literal descendants of father Lehi, and they and their descendants
could lay hold on hereditary blessings that had been promised to their
ancestors.
7.1.34—Israel—In reference to the covenant people, traditionally the
posterity of the patriarch Jacob. There are those, however, who have
been adopted into the House of Israel through obedience to the prin-
ciples and ordinances of the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ.

7.2 Until the key of knowledge was restored through the gift and power of 2 Know ye that ye are of the
God, the posterity of Lehi in the latter days had no understanding of that house of Israel.
which their ancestors had preserved unto them through their covenants. To
pertain to the House of Israel is to have eternal options open until the last pos-
sible moment, until time is no more.
7.2.10—Israel—In reference to the covenant people, traditionally the
posterity of the patriarch Jacob. There are those, however, who have
been adopted into the House of Israel through obedience to the prin-
ciples and ordinances of the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ.

7.3 The Gospel of Christ is the same, yesterday, today, and forever. Notwith- 3 Know ye that ye must come
standing the promises made to the posterity of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, any unto repentance, or ye cannot be
man who hopes for salvation and exaltation must exercise faith in the Lord saved.
Jesus Christ, forsaking his sins and receiving unto himself the same covenants
entered into by the Lord’s faithful servants in all dispensations.

7.4 The victory at the hill Cumorah did not quell the ardor of the Lamanites; 4 Know ye that ye must lay down

53
it did not quench their taste for blood and mayhem (see 8.8). For the next your weapons of war, and delight
1,500 years, the posterity of Lehi would, for the most part, rage against one no more in the shedding of blood,
another, embracing the spirit of conquest, partaking of the passions of the and take them not again, save it be
natural man in all of their dealings one with another. There were notable that God shall command you.
exceptions to this general history of bloodshed, but this hemisphere did not
begin to enjoy any spiritual unity whatsoever until after the coming forth of
the Book of Mormon and the restoration of the Church of Jesus Christ. The
posterity of Lehi had to understand that they would not survive in the dawn of
the Dispensation of the Fullness of Times unless they sought the path of peace
and righteousness.

7.5 The posterity of Lehi would retain some vague notions regarding the truth 5 Know ye that ye must come to Morm. 7:5
that had once been their pleasure to partake of, but the light that would burst the knowledge of your fathers, and AF 118
upon them in the latter days was to be received wholeheartedly, in its fullness repent of all your sins and iniq- PM 152
and purity. The ancient gods of their apostate fathers would not do, notwith- uities, and believe in Jesus Christ, MM 4:141
standing the great similarities between their false traditions and the fullness of that he is the Son of God, and that EM 2:731
the truth. Jesus of Nazareth, the Son of the living God, he who had dwelt in he was slain by the Jews, and by the CR82-O 108
the land of Israel in the Meridian of Time, he who had suffered dead at the power of the Father he hath risen CR99-O 31
hands of the Jews and the Romans was to be the object of their faith, and not again, whereby he hath gained the Morm. 7:5–7
any pale imitation that might have been passed down through the legends of victory over the grave; and also in PM 554
the intervening tribes and nations that spawned upon the land after the fall of him is the sting of death swallowed EM 4:1699
the covenant people at Cumorah. Their belief in the literal resurrection from up.
the dead would be in large measure sustained by the account contained in the
Book of Mormon of the Savior’s appearance to their fathers after his own ris-
ing from the tomb. The fact of the resurrection would support their bur-
geoning faith in the atoning sacrifice of the Lord Jesus Christ by which all
men might be cleansed from all wrongdoing, from all sin, transgression, and
evil-thinking. For a man who has fully partaken of the blessings of Heaven
through the principles and ordinances of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, death
holds no fear.
7.5.24–25—Jesus Christ—The author of eternal salvation, both of the
body and the spirit through the power of the resurrection and his
atoning sacrifice for sin.
7.5.40—Jews—That is, those who could trace their linage back to Judah,
one of the twelve sons of Jacob. The land of Palestine had been home
to twelve tribes at one time, but this had been generally reduced to the
remnants, the largest faction being that of the tribe of Judah.

7.6 The judgment of Jesus Christ is inescapable. He holds the right to rule and 6 And he bringeth to pass the Morm. 7:6
reign in the eternities, through the might and mind of the Father, and his resurrection of the dead, whereby AF 394
willing sacrifice for and in behalf of the children of men. man must be raised to stand before CR00-A 18
his judgment-seat.

7.7 Every man who has ever lived upon the face of the earth is free to choose 7 And he hath brought to pass the Morm. 7:7
everlasting life and salvation. Likewise, every man is free to choose death and redemption of the world, whereby AF 40, 94
damnation if he so desires. Had the Lord Jesus Christ not placed himself upon he that is found guiltless before MD 521, 623
the altars of justice and mercy, suffering the punishment for personal sin in him at the judgment day hath it DNTC 3:473
every age of the world’s history, no man would have been empowered to given unto him to dwell in the DS 2:11
choose between life and death; death would have been the only result for presence of God in his kingdom, to PM 115, 238
having passed through this mortal sphere. We are free to choose between life sing ceaseless praises with the choirs
and death because of the atonement and resurrection of the Savior. above, unto the Father, and unto
7.7.45—choirs—Hardly any other image in time or eternity so aptly the Son, and unto the Holy Ghost,
portrays the unity of heart and mind of the children of God, those who which are one God, in a state of
have been redeemed from death and hell through the resurrection and happiness which hath no end.
atoning sacrifice of the Savior.

54
7.8 The remnants of the House of Israel would be provided with two wit- 8 Therefore repent, and be bap- Morm. 7:8
nesses, the Bible and the Book of Mormon, which would testify of the truth of tized in the name of Jesus, and lay EM 1:140
the promised Messiah, the coming of the Christ into the world, and of his hold upon the gospel of Christ, EM 2:933
redemption of the children of men from the awful monsters, death and hell. which shall be set before you, not CR82-O 108
7.8.10—Jesus—The Anglicized form of the Greek transliteration of the only in this record but also in the Morm. 7:8–9
Hebrew name, Oshea or Joshua. At its root, “Jesus” means “Savior”. record which shall come unto the MD 79
7.8.18—Christ—Simply put, the name “Christ” is the Greek translation of Gentiles from the Jews, which DS 3:211
the Hebrew “Messiah”. In both Hebrew and Greek, the terms mean record shall come from the Gentiles PM 297
“anointed one”. Every prophet of God from the days of Adam has been unto you. MLM 177
anointed in preparation for their ministry to the world. Every king who EM 4:1570
has ruled by divine right has also been anointed as part of his ascen- Morm. 7:8–10
dancy to the throne and the scepter. The same may be said of every AF 133
priest who has administered the ordinances of the Priesthood, particu-
larly those of the Melchizedek Priesthood, and most specifically in the
House of the Lord. Some scholars have suggested that even though
certain men have been anointed to be prophets and priests, or kings
and priests, or prophets and kings, none but Jesus has been anointed
prophet, priest, and king. Of course, these scholars have asserted such
out of ignorance, not understanding that all those who are heirs of sal-
vation and exaltation have been anointed prophets, priests, and kings in
similitude of their Savior. Jesus is Lord of Lords, King of Kings, the
Great High Priest who presides over all priesthood, the prophet who
has inspired all prophets in whatever time or place in which they might
have lived. He is our Master in all things, but his labors have been
designed to bring us all back into the presence of God as he is.
7.8.28–29—this record—That is to say, the Book of Mormon.
7.8.34—record—That is to say, that which we call the Bible today, con-
taining the Old and New Testaments.
7.8.40—Gentiles—The preaching of the Gospel by Peter, James, John,
Paul and other Jews disseminated the fullness of the truth throughout
the known world in the Dispensation of the Meridian of Time. The
Romans and Greeks of that day embraced the truth, together with
many other people who did not openly pertain to the House of Israel.
7.8.43—Jews—That is, those who could trace their linage back to Judah,
one of the twelve sons of Jacob. The land of Palestine had been home
to twelve tribes at one time, but this had been generally reduced to the
remnants, the largest faction being that of the tribe of Judah.
7.8.53—you—The remnants of the posterity of Lehi received the text of
the Bible by way of the colonizing Gentile nations who came in among
them.

7.9 In some respects, the record of the Jews, the Bible, was imposed upon the 9 For behold, this is written for Morm. 7:9
inhabitants of the western hemisphere by those Gentiles who colonized the the intent that ye may believe that; EM 2:933
Americas. Surely this ancient record was received grudgingly in the beginning, and if ye believe that ye will believe CR86-O 71
and not exactly as an act of faith. The posterity of those roughly introduced to this also; and if ye believe this ye
Christianity might indeed have persisted in the newly acquired traditions of will know concerning your fathers,
their fathers for political or social reasons, but there would come a time when and also the marvelous works
they would be given an opportunity to receive the writings of the Bible as which were wrought by the power
teachings that had once been faithfully observed by their distant ancestors, of God among them.
long before the conquest by the Gentile nations. The means for their faith
would be the testimony of the prophets, seers, and revelators whose teachings
grace the pages of the Book of Mormon. The posterity of Lehi would then no
longer view themselves as a displaced people, but rather as children of the
promise, a covenant people with an eternal inheritance on earth and in the
heavens.

55
 7.9.3—this—That is to say, the text of the Book of Mormon.
7.9.13—that—That is to say, the writings that comprise the Bible.

7.10 The Book of Mormon would bear witness to the posterity of Lehi that 10 And ye will also know that ye Morm. 7:10
they were descended from a faithful people who had received the fullness of are a remnant of the seed of Jacob; MD 73
the Gospel of Jesus Christ from the lips of the very man who had made salva- therefore ye are numbered among EM 1:156, 311
tion and exaltation possible. They would also discover that Lehi and the other the people of the first covenant; EM 2:933
faithful were themselves descendants from the grand patriarchs, Abraham, and if it so be that ye believe in CR97-O 19
Isaac, and Jacob, through whom the blessings had been established as the Christ, and are baptized, first with
House of Israel. In nothing need the remnants of the children of Lehi look water, then with fire and with the
upon themselves as inferior. They might easily partake of the principles and Holy Ghost, following the example
ordinances of the Gospel of Christ, partaking of the ancient covenants and of our Savior, according to that
blessings preserved unto them by the servants of God. which he hath commanded us, it
7.10.36—Christ—Simply put, the name “Christ” is the Greek translation shall be well with you in the day of
of the Hebrew “Messiah”. In both Hebrew and Greek, the terms mean judgment. Amen.
“anointed one”. Every prophet of God from the days of Adam has been
anointed in preparation for their ministry to the world. Every king who
has ruled by divine right has also been anointed as part of his ascen-
dancy to the throne and the scepter. The same may be said of every
priest who has administered the ordinances of the Priesthood, particu-
larly those of the Melchizedek Priesthood, and most specifically in the
House of the Lord. Some scholars have suggested that even though
certain men have been anointed to be prophets and priests, or kings
and priests, or prophets and kings, none but Jesus has been anointed
prophet, priest, and king. Of course, these scholars have asserted such
out of ignorance, not understanding that all those who are heirs of sal-
vation and exaltation have been anointed prophets, priests, and kings in
similitude of their Savior. Jesus is Lord of Lords, King of Kings, the
Great High Priest who presides over all priesthood, the prophet who
has inspired all prophets in whatever time or place in which they might
have lived. He is our Master in all things, but his labors have been
designed to bring us all back into the presence of God as he is.
7.10.76—Amen—The harmony between the Father and the Son is
perfected in this word of assent. The Hebrew word which is translated
as “Amen” derives from roots which mean “true”. This word is one of
the many titles of the Lord Jesus Christ.

{Chapter IV}
(Chapter 8)
{¶—1830}

8.1 The final battle between the Lamanites and the Nephites took place at the 1 BEHOLD I, Moroni, do finish Morm. 8
hill Cumorah sometime during the year 384 (see 6.5). To Mormon’s knowl- the record of my father, Mormon. MD 134, 177,
edge, there were only 24 souls whom he could name who survived that Behold, I have but few things to 690, 719
destruction, he and his son Moroni being included in that number (see 6.11). write, which things I *have been * p. 532
Additionally, there were some stragglers who fled to the south and a few others commanded by my father. JC 742
who had deserted to the Lamanite army (see 6.15). Mormon wrote his last MM 4:396
sometime after the disaster at Cumorah, but we cannot be certain as to the EM 1: 57, 156,
year that he was ultimately killed by the remnants of the Lamanite army. 197, 213
Many readers assume that his demise took place in the same year that the EM 2:956
Nephites breathed their last, but there is no warrant for that assumption. EM 3:1161
Moroni dates his own record as having been started sometime during the year Morm. 8:1
400 (see 8.6). Thus, the death of Mormon could have taken place anytime EM 2:933
during the sixteen year interval. We have speculated before as to when Morm. 8:1–3

56
Mormon might have had sufficient time to read through the Nephite records EM 1:170
and write his narrative: the years 334–346, 350–360, and 363–377 (see 0.0). EM 2:932
We also speculated at that time that the text of 4 Nephi and Mormon 1–7 Morm. 8:1–5
were probably written after the battle at Cumorah, thus explaining in part the EM 1:156
seeming disjuncture between 3 and 4 Nephi.
8.1.3—Moroni—Note the change in narrator. Moroni will later include
writings and addresses given by his father in the book that bears his
name (see MR-C 7–9).
8.1.11—Mormon—The father of the angel Moroni and the compiler of
the record of the Nephite civilization and its dealings with the Lord
God of Heaven. He is, for the most part, the narrative voice from
Mosiah through the seventh chapter of Mormon.
8.1.16—few—No doubt in reference to the final two chapters of the book
of Mormon, although Moroni already may had had in mind his
synopsis of the book of Ether as well. The book of Moroni was clearly
an afterthought some twenty years later (see MR-C 10.1).

8.2 We are not told how long it took the Lamanites to track down the fleeing 2 And now it came to pass that Morm. 8:2–3
Nephites. Most readers assume that it was within a few months of the after the great and tremendous EM 2:933
destruction at Cumorah. battle at Cumorah, behold, the Morm. 8:2–7
8.2.15—Cumorah—The site of the destruction of the Nephite peoples at Nephites who had escaped into the CR87-O 8
the hands of the Lamanites during the fourth century AD. It was also country southward were hunted by
the site of the destruction of the Jaredite nation a millennium before, the Lamanites, until they were all
the hill then being called Ramah. Within its confines, the entire library destroyed.
of the Nephite civilization was placed by the prophet Mormon. Not-
withstanding arguments to the contrary, this is the same hill where the
singular stone box was constructed into which Moroni placed his
father’s record. That is to say, the hill Cumorah is, in fact, located in
western New York, near the town of Palmyra. There is no other.
8.2.18—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ.
8.2.25—southward—We are not privy as to how far the Nephites travelled
before they were killed by the pursuing Lamanites. Fleeing due south
could have taken the Nephites through the present states of New York,
Pennsylvania, Virginia, and other Atlantic coast states before they were
caught.
8.2.30—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

8.3 Again, we cannot speak to the amount of time that passed before Mormon 3 And my father also was killed by Morm. 8:3
was caught and killed; whether a few days to a number of years. Moroni simply them, and I even remain alone to EM 2:956
does not give us enough information to be definitive. We are not told what write the sad tale of the destruction
transpired to the other twenty-two men who escaped death with Mormon and of my people. But behold, they are
Moroni. By the year 400, however, Moroni was completely on his own. gone, and I fulfil the command-
8.3.34—commandment—As to the details of the specific instructions that ment of my father. And whether
Mormon gave Moroni we are not certain, but we can assume that the they will slay me, I know not.
completion of his own record, what we now have as chapters 8 and 9 of
Mormon, was a distinct part of Moroni’s duties. If Mormon survived
any extended time passed the end of the Nephite civilization, he may
very well had contemplated the importance of compiling the book of
Ether. He had promised his readers earlier that he would do so (see
MS-C 28.17–19). When it became apparent that he would not live
long enough to do as he had promised, he may have commissioned

57
 Moroni to do that work for him. It is possible, however, that the task
might have slipped Mormon’s mind in the heat of battle, Moroni later
discovering the promissory note in the book of Mosiah as he perused
his father’s book.

8.4 We are not certain as to when the stone box which housed Mormon’s 4 Therefore I will write and hide Morm. 8:4
plates, the breastplate, and the Urim and Thummim was made. We should up the records in the earth; and CR92-O 18
probably conclude that Moroni did not carry that irreplaceable volume with whither I go it mattereth not.
him in his journeys. It seems likely that the box was constructed sometime
while Mormon still lived; that Mormon and Moroni made the small deposit-
ory together. The rest of the records were already hidden up in the interior of
the hill Cumorah in a large room probably constructed by the Jaredites many
centuries before (see 6.6). If our assumptions be correct, Mormon’s plates
would have remained in the stone box from the year 385 or so until about the
year 400. After writing what he thought was his last inscriptions, Moroni hid
them up a second time in the same box. Twenty-one years later, about the year
421, Moroni returned to the hill Cumorah to write what we now have as the
book of Moroni (see MR-C 1.1 and MR-C 10.1), after which he sealed them
up again until the time of the restoration of the Gospel and Church of Jesus
Christ and coming forth of the Book of Mormon in the early part of the
nineteenth century.

8.5 No doubt the prophet Mormon did write the full intent of his labors, but 5 Behold, my father hath made
his treatise on that does not appear within the pages of the Book of Mormon this record, and he hath written the
as we have it now. One would suppose that such a written intent would have intent thereof. And behold, I
appeared at the beginning of his work which, unfortunately, was lost with the would write it also if I had room
116 pages of manuscript that was disappeared through the perfidy of Martin upon the plates, but I have not;
Harris and the conspiracies of his wife. The death of Mormon is not detailed and ore I have none, for I am
which should not surprise us given the nature of the relationship between alone. My father hath been slain in
Mormon and Moroni. We have speculated elsewhere that Mormon might battle, and all my kinsfolk, and I
have survived the original cataclysm at the hill Cumorah and then perished at have not friends nor whither to go;
the hands of the Lamanites sometime after. and how long the Lord will suffer
that I may live I know not.

8.6 The four hundredth year since the appearance of the signs announcing the 6 Behold, four hundred years have Morm. 8:6
birth of the Lord Jesus Christ would have included portions of the years passed away since the coming of JC 58
AD 399 and 400. our Lord and Savior. Morm. 8:6–13
8.6.10—coming—That is to say, the birth of Jesus Christ and not in refer- EM 1:156
ence to the appearance of the Lord to the Nephites in the city of
Bountiful.

8.7 This is a generalized statement regarding the ten years prior to the final 7 And behold, the Lamanites have
battle at the hill Cumorah. hunted my people, the Nephites,
8.7.4—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who down from city to city and from
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any place to place, even until they are
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate no more; and great has been their
amount of pride. fall; yea, great and marvelous is the
8.7.10—Nephites—In reference to Nephi, the son of Lehi, who provided destruction of my people, the
leadership to the righteous six hundred years before the birth of Christ. Nephites.

8.8 The Lord decreed that the wicked would be destroyed at the hands of the 8 And behold, it is the hand of
wicked (see 4.5). Once the Nephites had been destroyed, the destruction of the Lord which hath done it. And
the wicked did not cease. We are not told as to what motives led to this gro- behold also, the Lamanites are at
tesque bloodletting, but clearly there was a fatal political fragmentation of the war one with another; and the
Lamanites after the battle at Cumorah. whole face of this land is one

58
 8.8.18—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who continual round of murder and
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any bloodshed; and no one knoweth
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate the end of the war.
amount of pride.

8.9 Having pillaged and destroyed every settlement from the narrow neck of 9 And now, behold, I say no more
land to the hill Cumorah, there was no one left to rob or murder in all of the concerning them, for there are
land save for their own allies. They commenced on each other, a state of affairs none save it be the Lamanites and
that remained to one degree or another throughout the western hemisphere robbers that do exist upon the face
for many centuries. It was quelled in part by the colonization of the European of the land.
settlers.
8.9.18—Lamanites—In reference to Laman, the eldest son of Lehi who
sought to destroy anyone who might be entitled to administer in any
way to him or to his family. He was a man filled with an inordinate
amount of pride.

8.10 Mormon had mentioned the fact that the Three Nephites no longer 10 And there are none that do Morm. 8:10–11
administered to the apostate Nephites at the beginning of his book (see 1.16). know the true God save it be the JC 740
The disciples of Christ had begun sorrowing for the sins of the people about disciples of Jesus, who did tarry in MM 4:395
the year 260 (see 4 NE-C 1.41–44). Forty years later, it was difficult to distin- the land until the wickedness of the
guish between Lamanites and Nephites insofar as their collective righteousness people was so great that the Lord
and wickedness were concerned (see 4 NE-C 1.45). Finally, about the year would not suffer them to remain
325, the three disciples, and their accompanying priesthood miracles and with the people; and whether they
healings, were withdrawn from the people (see 1.12–13). Mormon testified be upon the face of the land no
that the ministry of the three Nephite Apostles would eventually take them man knoweth.
among the Gentiles, the Jews, and all of the scattered remnants of the House
of Israel (see 3 NE-C 28.26–29). Where the three transfigured men were
assigned in their labors during the waning moments of Mormon’s life and
those of his son we are not told.
8.10.17—Jesus—The Anglicized form of the Greek transliteration of the
Hebrew name, Oshea or Joshua. At its root, “Jesus” means “Savior”.

8.11 Mormon bears witness that the disciples of Jesus who were promised long 11 But behold, my father and I Morm. 8:11
life, even until the second coming of the Savior in glory, had visited with him have seen them, and they have CR87-O 8
(see 3 NE-C 28.26). We should probably assume that some of their exchanges ministered unto us.
took place prior to the final conflict at the hill Cumorah. Mormon does not
specify when he was blessed with their company, but it would seem reasonable
to assume that he had interviews with them during the long years of isolation
after Cumorah and prior to his own death. If Mormon did indeed survive the
last battle for a number of years, the father and his son may very well enter-
tained the three disciples together.

8.12 Moroni is deeply troubled by the possibility that any of the children of 12 And whoso receiveth this Morm. 8:12
men might discount his father’s work because of any inadequacy on his part. record, and shall not condemn it CR82-A 58
Moroni understood the import of his father’s labor and the effect that it would because of the imperfections which
have on the honest of heart in the latter days. This caution to avoid nitpicking are in it, the same shall know of
is repeated by Mormon’s son several times in his writings, including the title greater things than these. Behold, I
page to the Book of Mormon. We should also willingly accept the fact that by am Moroni; and were it possible, I
the time Moroni is completing his father’s record, he is just as knowledgeable would make all things known unto
and just as spiritually grounded as his father had been. you.
8.12.4–5—this record—Speaking specifically of the book that Mormon
had compiled at the behest of the Lord God of Heaven.
8.12.14—imperfections—One wonders who would be qualified to criticize
the Book of Mormon. Who is knowledgeable enough on the affairs of
the ancient Nephites and Lamanites to be able to identify any error on

59
 Mormon’s part? Moroni will, however, bemoan the fact that incising
the characters of Reformed Egyptian upon the plates was an arduous
task for one accustomed to open-field warfare (see ET-C 12.23–24).
Who but a prophet of the living God could begin to evaluate in any
fashion the teachings and doctrines revealed to the Nephite prophets?
In the course of our studies we have identified possible minute errors
having been made and then corrected by the writers. The same may be
said of the translation process, and some of the corrections and clarifi-
cations that were made to the text during the Prophet Joseph Smith’s
life. We ought to be grateful for the process of continuing revelation
instead of pretending to find fault with matters that transcend mortal
life.
8.12.31—Moroni—This, of course, is the man who was chosen to com-
plete Mormon’s record and serve as the guardian of the plates until the
time of the Restoration of the Church and Kingdom of God.

8.13 Mormon had made a point of his literal heritage, his lineal connection 13 Behold, I make an end of Morm. 8:13–17
with father Lehi and his son Nephi (see 3 NE-C 5.20). speaking concerning this people. AF 294
8.13.16—Mormon—The father of the angel Moroni and the compiler of I am the son of Mormon, and my
the record of the Nephite civilization and its dealings with the Lord father was a descendant of Nephi.
God of Heaven. He is, for the most part, the narrative voice from
Mosiah through the seventh chapter of Mormon.
8.13.24—Nephi—The fourth son of Lehi and Sariah. He proved to be a
faithful follower of the Lord and a willing servant who did much to
preserve his father’s family from privation and destruction. His poster-
ity and the posterity of those who followed his example are generally
known as Nephites.

8.14 Had the plates upon which Mormon had recorded his narrative been 14 And I am the same who hideth Morm. 8:14–16
made of pure gold, their intrinsic material value would be reduced to nil up this record unto the Lord; the AF 295
because of the inestimable spiritual value of the writings that had been com- plates thereof are of no worth, Morm. 8:14–41
mitted to them. Any man who would seek to enrich himself by means of the because of the commandment of EM 1:156
plates would be partaking of the spirit of the fallen Lamanites and the Gadian- the Lord. For he truly saith that no
ton robbers, who would have thought nothing of destroying the plates in one *shall have them to get gain; * p. 533
order to obtain their gold alloy. This verse would provide a cautionary tale for but the record thereof is of great
all those who would serve as guardians of the plates during the translation worth; and whoso shall bring it to
process and thereafter. The only blessings available by means of the Mormon’s light, him will the Lord bless.
record would be from the text that would come to light in the latter days, both
in the translation of the work and in the dissemination that would come as the
servants of God would take the Book of Mormon into all of the world.

8.15 This observation applies not only to the translator of the plates, but also 15 For none can have power to Morm. 8:15
to any soul who is gracious enough to present the same to those who have bring it to light save it be given him CR88-A 39
never encountered the book before. The presenter of such a gift is bound by of God; for God wills that it shall
the same caveats; he must do so with an eye single to the glory of God and the be done with an eye single to his
welfare of the remnants of the House of Israel unto who it is to come. glory, or the welfare of the ancient
8.15.5—power—Who would ever introduce the text of the Book of and long dispersed covenant people
Mormon to another human being if he himself had not been touched of the Lord.
by the Spirit of the Lord in his mind and in his heart as to its
truthfulness?

8.16 Moroni would literally point out to the Prophet Joseph Smith the precise 16 And blessed be he that shall Morm. 8:16–17
location of the stone box on the hill Cumorah. Joseph would literally take the bring this thing to light; for it shall EM 3:1278
plates from the earth into the light of day. Through the gift and power of be brought out of darkness unto Morm. 8:16,23,
God, the English translation of the Book of Mormon came forth, a light light, according to the word of 26

60
shining in a dark place, the lost and fallen world of men. God; yea, it shall be brought out of EM 4:1538
the earth, and it shall shine forth
out of darkness, and come unto the
knowledge of the people; and it
shall be done by the power of God.

8.17 Mormon and Moroni wrote as they were inspired of the Lord and as a 17 And if there be faults they be Morm 8:17
result of that process they could discern no errors in that which they had the faults of a man. But behold, we DS 2:200
written. Yet, Moroni was experienced enough to acknowledge that both he know no fault; nevertheless God
and his father were mortal, and thus were capable of making errors. Moroni knoweth all things; therefore, he
simply cautions his readers that it would not do for them to dismiss the that condemneth, let him be aware
teachings of the Book of Mormon for anything they might assume to be a lest he shall be in danger of hell
fault or error in the writing. If they would read with a sincere heart with real fire.
intent they would have the power and influence of the Holy Ghost to help
them avoid those attitudes that would bring them to destruction.

8.18 There have been many individuals who have sought outward proof for 18 And he that saith: Show unto
spiritual matters. The Father has testified through His Son that the carnally me, or ye shall be smitten—let him
minded of this dispensation will not have their idle curiosity satisfied in that beware lest he commandeth that
fashion. To intimidate or threaten with violence is simply the spirit of the which is forbidden of the Lord.
anti-Christ speaking, a soul so depraved that hardly a sin has been shunned in
his life. To contradict the commandments of God is to invite personal
disaster, in time and in eternity.

8.19 In what manner could a servant of the Lord Jesus Christ be judged 19 For behold, the same that Morm. 8:19
rashly? Those possessed by the spirit of the devil are free to voice all manner of judgeth rashly shall be judged FPM 299
blasphemies. Satan is the grand accuser of the brethren, filled with hatred and rashly again; for according to his
scorn, casting aspersions on every side. The great promises of the Lord to His works shall his wages be; therefore,
children are powerful indeed, unto the rebuking of any who would badger he that smiteth shall be smitten
them without cause. No man can bear false witness of the Lord’s anointed, again, of the Lord.
speaking evilly of them, without incurring the wrath of God. Those who
would inflict physical injury or death will find that eternity does not hold
many joys.

8.20 Although we may not be able to pinpoint precisely from whence Moroni 20 Behold what the scripture Morm. 8:20
is citing the word of the Lord, it is clear that the Nephites knew and says—man shall not smite, neither MD 821
understood the principle long before (see 4 NE-C 1.34). The saints who suffer shall he judge; for judgment is CR87-O 20
at the hands of the wicked have only spiritual recourse until the Lord mine, saith the Lord, and veng-
specifically directs otherwise. eance is mine also, and I will repay.
8.20.4—scripture—The Apostle Paul cites from a similar source that was
extant in his day, but no longer can be found in the Old Testament (see
RM-C 12.19).

8.21 Great sorrows have come into the lives of men who have attempted to 21 And he that shall breathe out Morm. 8:21
thwart the work of the Lord. There have been like men in every dispensation, wrath and strifes against the work CR99-O 89
who with a given degree of knowledge and understanding of the Kingdom of of the Lord, and against the cove- Morm. 8:21–41
God have come out in open array against the truth. One might suggest that nant people of the Lord who are EM 4:1598
the one working in opposition is simply ignorant or deceived, and while that the house of Israel, and shall say:
might serve as an excuse for some, when the tally of truth is finally made, We will destroy the work of the
it will be discovered that most of those who allied themselves against the Lord, and the Lord will not
children of the Lord did so knowing full well that they were committing a remember his covenant which he
great evil. hath made unto the house of
8.21.29—Israel—In reference to the covenant people, traditionally the Israel—the same is in danger to be
posterity of the patriarch Jacob. There are those, however, who have hewn down and cast into the fire;
been adopted into the House of Israel through obedience to the prin-

61
 ciples and ordinances of the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ.

8.22 The Father of heaven and earth has promised in His own name that 22 For the eternal purposes of the Morm. 8:22
certain blessings would be inexorably reserved for their posterity. No amount Lord shall roll on, until all his pro- TSWK 239
of perfidy on the part of devils or men can hinder the Lord from manifestly mises shall be fulfilled. CR84-O 12
fulfilling each and every covenant completely. Neither devils nor men can
hinder the honest in heart from ultimately receiving those blessings.

8.23 The Savior himself had given a similar charge for the same reasons when 23 Search the prophecies of Morm. 8:23
he visited with the Nephites at the Temple in the city of Bountiful (see 3 NE- Isaiah. Behold, I cannot write EM 1:270
C 23.1). Many of Moroni’s predecessors had quoted at length from the them. Yea, behold I say unto you, Morm. 8:23–26
writings of Isaiah because of their peculiar applicability to the history of the that those saints who have gone MD 209
children of Nephi. before me, who have possessed this EM 1:159
8.23.5—Isaiah—Much of the writings of Isaiah, if not all, were preserved land, shall cry, yea, even from the
upon the Plates of Brass which Lehi and Nephi brought from the land dust will they cry unto the Lord;
of Jerusalem six hundred years before the birth of Christ. This reposi- and as the Lord liveth he will
tory of prophetic blessings was quoted throughout the entire history of remember the covenant which he
the Nephite peoples in America. hath made with them.
8.23.9—write—Moroni had neither the time nor the space to do so.
8.23.37—dust—Through the writing preserved upon the Large Plates of
Nephi and other records, the testimonies of the ancient prophets would
be heard by a world of men who consider the long dead as literally
being mixed with the dust of the earth. By the same token, the plates
containing the narrative of the Book of Mormon would be extracted
from the dust of the earth that they might be translated.

8.24 The preservation and coming forth of the records of the Nephites had 24 And he knoweth their prayers, Morm. 8:24
been the desire of all of the holy prophets who dwelt in this hemisphere since that they were in behalf of their MD 279
the opening days of their dispensation (see EN-C 1.15–18). brethren. And he knoweth their CR92-O 9, 12
8.24.26—mountains—Although we are not given a specific instance in the faith, for in his name could they Morm. 8:24–32
narrative of the Book of Mormon where this happened, yet it is clear remove mountains; and in his AF 294
that they did have the power to do so and did so on occasion (see JA-C name could they cause the earth to
4.6). shake; and by the power of his
8.24.36—shake—Although we may not find an exact representation in the word did they cause prisons to
narrative of the Book of Mormon in which this sort incident is tumble to the earth; yea, even the
explicitly described, yet there are similar ones (see HE-C 5.27). fiery furnace could not harm them,
neither wild beasts nor poisonous
serpents, because of the power of
his word.

8.25 This is certainly in reference to any man who has been part of the process 25 And behold, their prayers were
in preserving, preparing, translating, or delivering the teachings of the ancient also in behalf of him that the Lord
Nephite prophets to a lost and fallen world thirsting for truth and knowledge. should suffer to *bring these things * p. 534
The prophets in the Americas assiduously committed the revelations which forth.
they had received from God to writing, in part because they knew that one
day these same teachings would be the means of bringing hundreds of millions
of souls unto the Lord Jesus Christ for salvation and exaltation.

8.26 The natural man has great difficulty in accepting the fact that the God of 26 And no one need say they shall Morm. 8:26
Heaven is capable of knowing that which will come to pass in the far distant not come, for they surely shall, for AF 235
future and is willing to share that with His children. By the same token, there the Lord hath spoken it; for out of MD 508
are those whose ignorance and arrogance prompts them to think that they can the earth shall they come, by the MF 361
interfere substantively with the economy of God. This is not so nor can it be. hand of the Lord, and none can EM 1:159
It is a dreadful state of affairs, indeed, to live in a day when miracles have stay it; and it shall come in a day Morm. 8:26–41
ceased. Hence, the glorious news of the restoration of the principles and when it shall be said that miracles MD 730

62
ordinances of the Gospel of Christ. are done away; and it shall come MLM 62
8.26.52—miracles—Moroni will insert into his own book a rather even as if one should speak from
extended discussion regarding the nature of miracles taken from an the dead.
address given by his father, Mormon (see MR-C 7.27–38).

8.27 Ignorance and disbelief would not be universal throughout the world in 27 And it shall come in a day Morm. 8:27
those days in which the Book of Mormon would come forth. The honest in when the blood of saints shall cry MLM 65
heart would take courage in the midst of affliction because of the testimony of unto the Lord, because of secret Morm. 8:27–33
the truth that would abide in them by the power and influence of the Holy combinations and the works of MLM 369
Ghost. There would be martyrs in the latter days, men and women who would darkness.
sacrifice their lives rather than betray that which they knew was true. The
wicked would come out in open rebellion against God and persecute the inno-
cent and the weak. Those murders committed would stand as a witness against
the unrighteous and would precipitate the judgments of God upon the world
of men.
8.27.2—it—That is to say, the coming forth of the Book of Mormon, the
record about which Moroni has been speaking throughout this chapter.
8.27.12—saints—The disciples of Jesus Christ, those who have taken upon
them the covenants of eternity after having exercised faith unto
repentance.
8.27.26–27—secret combinations—These would not be much different
from those that have existed since the days of Cain and Abel. Men
would gather together in order to get gain, acquire power, and gratify
themselves on the means and persons of their fellow men.

8.28 Although the entire religious world is not totally condemned here, yet it 28 Yea, it shall come in a day Morm. 8:28
is clear that the latter days would be replete with men and women who would when the power of God shall be MD 138
use the tender religious sentiments of the honest in heart to promote their own denied, and churches become Morm. 8:28–36
aggrandizement. The power of God would be denied by them for a number of defiled and be lifted up in the pride MD 593
reasons. Foremost would be the fact that these erstwhile religious guides would of their hearts; yea, even in a day DNTC 3:109
know nothing of the power of God because they themselves were inured when leaders of churches and Morm. 8:28–41
against any spiritual sensitivity because of their unwillingness to keep the teachers shall rise in the pride of MD 44
commandments of God. The true power of God is couched in love and tender their hearts, even to the envying of
concern for others, a love that prospers only in the absence of sin. The power them who belong to their churches.
of God, as manifested in the lives of the saints, is a threat to priestcraft.

8.29 One of the seminal developments in the latter days has been the ability 29 Yea, it shall come in a day Morm. 8:29–31
for the world to communicate with itself almost instantaneously. Prior to the when there shall be heard of fires, CR02-O 41
twentieth century, reports of natural disasters or political turmoil might take and tempests, and vapors of smoke
weeks to circle the globe, if they were reported on at all. After the restoration in foreign lands;
of the Gospel of Jesus Christ and the coming forth of the Book of Mormon,
worldwide communication has evolved with other technologies that have
changed the nature of life upon this planet.
8.29.13—fires—Whether natural or manmade, the results are the same.
There is destruction of property, loss of life, and disruption of daily life.
8.29.15—tempests—Cyclonic forces are undoubtedly being referred to here.
8.29.17–19—vapors of smoke—Frequently, the implication of this phrase
in the scriptures is a marker for the destruction accompanying war.
Volcanism at its liveliest also generates such vapors.

8.30 The litany continues with those events that would appear to multiply in
part because of the latter-day ability to become instantly knowledgeable about 30 And there shall also be heard Morm. 8:30
affairs in distant lands. Having said that, it should be clear that the intensity of wars, rumors of wars, and earth- CR02-O 16
and frequency of natural and human turmoil has increased as the personal and quakes in divers places.
collective wickedness of the children of men has increased. One does not have

63
to be obsessively astute to observe that since the publishing of the Book of
Mormon, the terrors of world conflagration have intensified.

8.31 The children of men in the last days have been inundated with oppor- 31 Yea, it shall come in a day Morm. 8:31
tunities for personal corruption to a degree unknown in all other ages of the when there shall be great pollutions DNTC 3:108
world combined. Life has been devalued, whether by capricious criminal upon the face of the earth; there EM 3:1315
activity or simply as a matter of selfishness. Men and women of all ages, shall be murders, and robbing, and CR86-A 66
children and youth, and even unborn infants have had their lives needlessly lying, and deceivings, and whore- CR88-O 8
and violently cut short because of the avarice, lust, and viciousness of the doms, and all manner of abomina- CR93-O 12
wicked. The tender and innocent are abused, defiled, and stripped of their tions; when there shall be many CR01-A 30
means in order that a merciless few might gratify themselves in sin. The who will say, Do this, or do that,
spiritual atmosphere of the latter days would ultimately destroy the salvation and it mattereth not, for the Lord
of all men had it not been for the restoration of the Gospel of Christ, with its will uphold such at the last day.
accompanying power and authority, and the coming forth of the Book of But wo unto such for they are in
Mormon which would serve as a moral compass for the honest in heart. Men the gall of bitterness and in the
on their own eventually succumb to the very vilest of sentiments. bonds of iniquity.
8.31.13—pollutions—It is tempting to confine the meaning of this word to
those aspects of the environment which affect the ecosystem of this
planet. This is a myopic stance, given the sentiments of the rest of the
verse.
8.31.73–75—gall of bitterness—There are several sources for the word
“gall” in the English language, each of which contribute to one degree
or another to our understanding of the word as it is used in this verse.
From Germanic sources, the word “gall” refers to “bile”, a bitter yellow-
green fluid produced in the liver. From Latin sources another meaning
for the word “gall” is derived, having reference to a nodule created on
oak trees initiated by the machinations of “cynips” or oak wasps. From
French another meaning is produced, having reference to scratching or
rubbing, to fret or wear away by friction, to excoriate, and by analogy it
also means to harass, injure and to annoy. It is easy to understand how
a “bitterness” that derives from a lack of faith, hope, and charity could
have these multiple effects on the hearts and minds of wicked men. The
“gall of bitterness” is a superlative suffering described by Alma at the
time of his original experience with the angel and the justice of God
(see MS-C 27.29). Alma would teach his son Corianton that the
natural man is in a perpetual state which he calls the gall of bitterness
(see AL-C 41.11). Mormon taught his son Moroni that this frame of
mind implies a lack of faith, hope, and charity, one that senses no
compassion for the innocent and pure (see MR-C 8.14). And Moroni
here testifies that this bitterness of spirit would be prevalent in the lasts
days prior to the second coming of Jesus Christ.

8.32 The Book of Mormon would come forth in a day when worship of the 32 Yea, it shall come in a day Morm. 8:32
living God would be primarily a matter of commerce. Priestcraft would be when there shall be churches built MD 294
tolerated by the children of men, perhaps even encouraged in the midst of the up that shall say: Come unto me, DNTC 3:278,
consuming depravity that would flood the minds and hearts of the children of and for your money you shall be 562
men. Personal responsibility for sin would either be ignored or deferred by the forgiven of your sins. MF 334
vanity and philosophies of fallen man. The guilty would seek to assuage their MLM 439
consciences through bribery, while there would be many others willing to Morm. 8:32–33
accept the bribes on behalf of the gods whom the children of men conjured up MD 133
for themselves.

8.33 The question Moroni raises is a rhetorical one. The wicked, perverse, and 33 O ye wicked and perverse and Morm. 8:33
stiff-necked partake of the spirit of the natural man; these are children of God stiffnecked people, why have ye EM 1:354
who have embraced the lusts of a lost and fallen world. There is little of value built up churches unto yourselves

64
here, little that will transcend time, little that will preserve the souls of men in to get gain? Why have ye trans-
the eternities. Therefore, to make a mockery of all that could provide salvation figured the holy word of God, that
and exaltation in order to acquire more dust and ashes seems indicative of a ye might bring damnation upon
state of mind that cannot possibly produce happiness. The revelations of God your souls? Behold, look ye unto
would be available. In the records of the Jews and in the writings of the the revelations of God; for behold,
Apostles and prophets among the Nephites would be preserved sufficient for the time cometh at that day when
any man to know the fullness of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. In addition, the all these things must be fulfilled.
Lord God of Israel would not leave His children comfortless in the latter days,
but would provide the principles and ordinances of the covenants of Christ,
together with the authority necessary to bind the hearts and minds of men to
their eternal Father in heaven.

8.34 The effects of the coming forth of the Book of Mormon had been made 34 Behold, the Lord hath shown Morm. 8:34–35
clear to Moroni and no doubt encouraged and inspired him to fulfill the unto me great and marvelous EM 1:141
commandments and instructions that had been given to him by his father. He things concerning that which must CR86-O 5
would have understood, more than any other man, the importance of preserv- shortly come, at that day when Morm. 8:34–38
ing Mormon’s plates, protecting them from every eventuality. The salvation of these things shall come forth CR92-O 19
men in the latter days depended in large measure how Moroni conducted among you.
himself during the thirty-seven years that followed the final battle at the hill
Cumorah.

8.35 We will perceive in the materials that Moroni includes in the book that 35 Behold, I speak unto you as if Morm. 8:35
bears his name how blessed the son of Mormon had been, how filled with the ye were present, and yet ye are not. EM 1:156
spirit of prophecy and revelation, how open his visions of the last days had But behold, Jesus Christ hath EM 2:956
been. He would select items for his little appendix that would be appropriate shown you unto me, and I know EM 3:1164
and germane to the circumstances that would exist among the saints prior to your doing. CR84-O 5
the second coming of the Lord Jesus Christ. CR86-O 73
8.35.18–19—Jesus Christ—The author of eternal salvation, both of the CR92-O 42
body and the spirit through the power of the resurrection and his Morm. 8:35–39
atoning sacrifice for sin. CR86-A 32
Morm. 8:35,37
8.36 Pride is unjustifiable self-evaluation. There is no salvation in pride. Our 36 And I know that ye do walk in CR86-A 30
mortal opinion of ourselves has no bearing on eternity. Our confidence in the pride of your hearts; and there Morm. 8:36–37
Christ, our awareness of his perfections, and his witness to us that we are on are none save a few only who do DNTC 3:79
the right path constitute the only means whereby we can know where we not lift themselves up in the pride Morm. 8:36–38
standing in the eyes of God. of their hearts, unto the wearing of MD 138
very fine apparel, unto envying,
and strifes, and malice, and perse-
cutions, and all manner of iniq-
uities; and your churches, yea, even
every one, have become polluted
because of the pride of your hearts.

8.37 Those who love things more than they love their fellow men will find *37 For behold, ye do love * p. 535
nothing but unhappiness and disappointment for their pains. There can be no money, and your substance, and Morm. 8:37
eternal union between the possessions of this material world and the souls of your fine apparel, and the adorning MD 115
men, save for that which transpires in the resurrection. The eternal bonds of of your churches, more than ye CR01-A 98
friendship, fellowship, and family are those aspects of mortal life that give love the poor and the needy, the Morm. 8:37,39
meaning to immortality. sick and the afflicted. CR97-A 105

8.38 The wicked are blind. They cannot see anything past their own crying 38 O ye pollutions, ye hypocrites, Morm. 8:38
needs and wants as lost and fallen men. The unrepentant who pretend to see ye teachers, who sell yourselves for MD 372, 503
cannot guide aright their fellow men for all of their presumption. If the truth that which will canker, why have ye EM 1:184
be known, those men who aggrandize themselves before the public in order to polluted the holy church of God? CR92-O 31
take advantage of the credulous and innocent know precisely what they are Why are ye ashamed to take upon

65
about, but persist in their wickedness out of their desire for the pleasures and you the name of Christ? Why do ye
comforts of the world. not think that greater is the value
8.38.36—Christ—Simply put, the name “Christ” is the Greek translation of an endless happiness than that
of the Hebrew “Messiah”. In both Hebrew and Greek, the terms mean misery which never dies—because
“anointed one”. Every prophet of God from the days of Adam has been of the praise of the world?
anointed in preparation for their ministry to the world. Every king who
has ruled by divine right has also been anointed as part of his ascen-
dancy to the throne and the scepter. The same may be said of every
priest who has administered the ordinances of the Priesthood, particu-
larly those of the Melchizedek Priesthood, and most specifically in the
House of the Lord. Some scholars have suggested that even though
certain men have been anointed to be prophets and priests, or kings
and priests, or prophets and kings, none but Jesus has been anointed
prophet, priest, and king. Of course, these scholars have asserted such
out of ignorance, not understanding that all those who are heirs of sal-
vation and exaltation have been anointed prophets, priests, and kings in
similitude of their Savior. Jesus is Lord of Lords, King of Kings, the
Great High Priest who presides over all priesthood, the prophet who
has inspired all prophets in whatever time or place in which they might
have lived. He is our Master in all things, but his labors have been
designed to bring us all back into the presence of God as he is.

8.39 The natural man does not look upon the wealth of this world as a means 39 Why do ye adorn yourselves Morm. 8:39
to bind up the wounds of the injured or to relieve the afflictions of the with that which hath no life, and TSWK 358
oppressed. The natural man does not perceive that God has blessed certain yet suffer the hungry, and the CR99-A 28
segments of the world’s population with means so that they might learn to be needy, and the naked, and the sick
a blessing themselves. It is when we tenderly watch over and care for one and the afflicted to pass by you,
another that we begin to comprehend the mind of God our eternal Father. It and notice them not?
is when we sacrifice ourselves so that another might live more abundantly that
we begin to comprehend the love of Christ and the significance of his atoning
sacrifice.
Morm. 8:40–41
8.40 The secret combinations among the Nephite and the Lamanites were 40 Yea, why do ye build up your MD 821
designed to destroy the strength of the society, through murder and mayhem, secret abominations to get gain,
so that they might take advantage of the weak and unprotected in the midst of and cause that widows should
the resultant vacuum. Women and children were therefore particularly mourn before the Lord, and also
vulnerable once their husbands and fathers were put under the sand. The orphans to mourn before the Lord,
secret combinations either ignored the cries of the widows and orphans or they and also the blood of their fathers
exploited them. and their husbands to cry unto the
Lord from the ground, for veng-
eance upon your heads?

8.41 There will be retribution, a judgment in which the wrongs of the wicked 41 Behold, the sword of veng-
will be turned upon their own heads; they will be held accountable in no eance hangeth over you; and the
uncertain terms for their conduct. Those who have been injured in any way by time soon cometh that he avengeth
the machinations of the wicked, the pure and the innocent, the weak and the the blood of the saints upon you,
helpless, will have all restored to them, whether in time or in eternity. for he will not suffer their cries any
longer.

{Chapter IV; continued}

(Chapter 9)
9.1 In the previous chapter, Moroni bemoans the future religious state of the 1 AND now, I speak also con- Morm. 9
world, at the time when the Book of Mormon was to come forth. Christianity cerning those who do not believe in MD 134
would be in disarray, the various factions thereof in a constant turmoil of Christ. JC 742

66
doctrines, tenets, assertions, and polemics. His observation here is that there MM 1:447
would also be an increasing number of people who would not associate MM 4:396
themselves with any of the sectarians in the midst of the controversy because EM 1:156, 165,
of the unseemly nature of the debate. Belief in Jesus Christ would be set aside 213
because of the discredit that the arguing parties would bring to it. It would be EM 2:956
a loveless debate, full of rancor, and the honest in heart would despair of the EM 3:1161
truth. The great temptation would be to descend into cynicism and atheism, a Morm. 9:1–27
stance which inevitably brings sins and transgressions of a darker hue. Those EM 1:156
who disbelieve in Christ are those who have chosen to disbelieve when they Morm. 9:1–3, 6
have known of him. It is not the uninformed who are being addressed here. CR92-O 20
9.1.13—Christ—Simply put, the name “Christ” is the Greek translation of
the Hebrew “Messiah”. In both Hebrew and Greek, the terms mean
“anointed one”. Every prophet of God from the days of Adam has been
anointed in preparation for their ministry to the world. Every king who
has ruled by divine right has also been anointed as part of his ascen-
dancy to the throne and the scepter. The same may be said of every
priest who has administered the ordinances of the Priesthood, particu-
larly those of the Melchizedek Priesthood, and most specifically in the
House of the Lord. Some scholars have suggested that even though
certain men have been anointed to be prophets and priests, or kings
and priests, or prophets and kings, none but Jesus has been anointed
prophet, priest, and king. Of course, these scholars have asserted such
out of ignorance, not understanding that all those who are heirs of sal-
vation and exaltation have been anointed prophets, priests, and kings in
similitude of their Savior. Jesus is Lord of Lords, King of Kings, the
Great High Priest who presides over all priesthood, the prophet who
has inspired all prophets in whatever time or place in which they might
have lived. He is our Master in all things, but his labors have been
designed to bring us all back into the presence of God as he is.

9.2 Those who assert that there is no God or that the expectation of a coming 2 Behold, will ye believe in the Morm. 9:2
judgment is foolishness, will suffer an unavoidable and rude awakening. One day of your visitation—behold, MD 218
may be in denial for as long as one wishes, at least until the reality of that when the Lord shall come, yea, EM 2:432
which has been denied is displayed clearly and powerfully in the eyes, mind, even that great day when the earth Morm 9:2–3
and heart of the disbeliever. Truth will prevail. shall be rolled together as a scroll, JC 46
9.2.10—visitation—One may deny the possibility of a visit from the Lord and the elements shall melt with
Jesus Christ until the day actually arrives. The unprepared host finds fervent heat, yea, in that great day
the time too short to provide all that would have been appropriate and when ye shall be brought to stand
necessary for the salvation of his own soul. before the Lamb of God—then will
9.2.31—scroll—This is an image that is frequently confused with that ye say that there is no God?
which is used by Isaiah and other prophets in referring to the abun-
dance of latter day revelation just prior to and during the Millennium.
Isaiah and John the Beloved, for example, both write of the heavens as
being like unto a scroll of papyrus or parchment. For the wicked, the
heavens will be sealed, the scroll having been rolled up and put away,
the Spirit of God having fully withdrawn from the nations of the earth
(see IS-C 34.4). For the saints of God, the scroll of heaven will be
completely unrolled that they might know all truth in relation to the
interactions between heaven and earth (see RV-C 6.14). Here, Jesus is
reported to have spoken of the earth being rolled together as a scroll.
We may not know exactly what the image implies. If physical, we may
expect rather catastrophic changes in the nature of the earth that will
accompany the second advent of the Lord Jesus Christ. If metaphorical,
we might speculate that the earth, like a scroll being prepared for
transportation, is to pass through a transformation that will enable it to

67
 come back into the presence of the Father.
9.2.34—elements—The transition from a Telestial world to a Terrestrial
world, will transfigure the very nature of the earth in ways that we
cannot fully comprehend. The restoration of this planet to its former
paradisiacal state in preparation for the Millennium will involve powers
and forces unimaginable. The further transformation of the earth into a
Celestial sphere will distress the minds and hearts of those not prepared
for that glory.

9.3 The process of perfection is not achieved in a day. If the truth be known, 3 Then will ye longer deny the Morm. 9:3
even a determined disciple of the Lord Jesus Christ does not attain all of the Christ, or can ye behold the Lamb CR01-A 30
divine attributes of the Father and the Son in an instant, even though they of God? Do ye suppose that ye Morm. 9:3–4
may all be in embryonic form within him from the time he is born on the shall dwell with him under a con- AGQ 1:72
earth. The light of Christ is given to every man that comes into this life so that sciousness of your guilt? Do ye MD 157
he may distinguish, even in the beginning, those things which might perma- suppose that ye could be happy to DS 2:98
nently damage him. Rejecting or ignoring that light opens the man up to a dwell with that holy Being, when Morm. 9:3–5
bevy of potential disasters. What is certain, is that when men come before your souls are racked with a DS 2:196
their God, they will not come in ignorance. They will know wherein they have consciousness of guilt that ye have
offended Him; they will be ashamed of that which they have allowed to come ever abused his laws?
into their lives. The laws abused, for which they will have guilt, will be those
that they knew and understood while in mortality.
9.3.7—Christ—Simply put, the name “Christ” is the Greek translation of
the Hebrew “Messiah”. In both Hebrew and Greek, the terms mean
“anointed one”. Every prophet of God from the days of Adam has been
anointed in preparation for their ministry to the world. Every king who
has ruled by divine right has also been anointed as part of his ascen-
dancy to the throne and the scepter. The same may be said of every
priest who has administered the ordinances of the Priesthood, particu-
larly those of the Melchizedek Priesthood, and most specifically in the
House of the Lord. Some scholars have suggested that even though
certain men have been anointed to be prophets and priests, or kings
and priests, or prophets and kings, none but Jesus has been anointed
prophet, priest, and king. Of course, these scholars have asserted such
out of ignorance, not understanding that all those who are heirs of sal-
vation and exaltation have been anointed prophets, priests, and kings in
similitude of their Savior. Jesus is Lord of Lords, King of Kings, the
Great High Priest who presides over all priesthood, the prophet who
has inspired all prophets in whatever time or place in which they might
have lived. He is our Master in all things, but his labors have been
designed to bring us all back into the presence of God as he is.

9.4 At the final judgment, men will be presented with that which might have 4 Behold, I say unto you that ye Morm. 9:4
been prepared for them if they had responded to the whisperings of the Spirit would be more miserable to dwell EM 2:775
of God. Men who chose to revel in the desires of the natural man after having with a holy and just God, under a CR97-A 11
been enticed by the truth and the love of God, will be particularly distressed, consciousness of your filthiness Morm. 9:4–5
having no one to blame but themselves. At that point, the words “everlastingly before him, than ye would to dwell MD 508
too late” become poignant indeed. Embarrassment, shame, disappointment, with the damned souls in hell. EM 3:1391
frustration, and self-loathing do not begin to express the sentiments that will
be felt by the wicked on that day.

9.5 Throughout the scriptural record, the wickedness of men has been 5 For behold, when ye shall be Morm. 9:5
described as a nakedness of the soul, whereas the righteous are clothed in white brought to see your nakedness MD 360
robes. From the days of Adam and Eve, personal nakedness has been received before God, and also the glory of
by the natural man as a shameful thing. Additionally, the person of God the God, and the holiness of Jesus
eternal Father is one of light, truth, and glory almost indescribable. A man or Christ, it will kindle a flame of

68
woman devoid of light, truth, and glory would be eternally naked, and eter- unquenchable fire upon you.
nally ashamed.
9.5.24–25—Jesus Christ—The author of eternal salvation, both of the
body and the spirit through the power of the resurrection and his
atoning sacrifice for sin.

9.6 The cry of repentance to the children of men is incessant, so long as there 6 O then ye unbelieving, turn ye Morm. 9:6
is time sufficient for men to exercise faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, to sincerely unto the Lord; cry mightily unto MA 53
repent of all of their infractions against the laws and commandments of God, the Father in the name of Jesus, MD 429
and to willingly receive the saving and exalting ordinances of the Gospel. All that perhaps ye may be found spot- DNTC 3:472
men may come unto Christ, petitioning for and receiving forgiveness for sin, less, pure, fair, and white, having
becoming purified and sanctified in their minds and in their hearts from all been cleansed by the blood of the
guilt and distress. Having been cleansed by the atoning sacrifice of the Savior, Lamb, at that great and last day.
a man might stand before God confident and unashamed, knowing that his
course of life has been found acceptable before Heaven.
9.6.19—Jesus—The Anglicized form of the Greek transliteration of the
Hebrew name, Oshea or Joshua. At its root, “Jesus” means “Savior”.

9.7 Those who assert that the gifts and powers of the Holy Ghost do not exist 7 And again I speak unto you who Morm. 9:7
in the latter days have said more about themselves than they have about the deny the revelations of God, and MD 146, 799
existence of God. Just because a man has not personally experienced revelation say that they are *done away, that DNTC 2:383
does not imply that every other man is without experience. That same man there are no revelations, nor MLM 81
need not welter in ignorance and doubt. Every man can know for himself prophecies, nor gifts, nor healing, * p. 536
those blessings that attend the faithfully obedient. nor speaking with tongues, and the Morm. 9:7–9
interpretation of tongues; MD 648
Morm. 9:7–11
9.8 How does any man ever make the attempt to acquire the gifts of the Spirit 8 Behold I say unto you, he that AF 218
of God? Surely he does not acquire them by accident. Any man who achieves denieth these things knoweth not DNTC 2:375
the blessings of Heaven has followed a straightforward process, as understand- the gospel of Christ; yea, he has not DNTC 3:239
able as any sequence of events common to men everywhere. First, he must read the scriptures; if so, he does Morm. 9:7–25
learn something of the reality of the blessings of the Spirit, factual knowledge not understand them. MD 632
gleaned from his own life or the experience of others. Acquaintances may DNTC 3:258
speak to him of those experiences that they have had. The man might read EM 3:1311
accounts of fellow human beings who enjoyed the gifts of the Spirit in ages Morm. 9:7–27
past. Or, it is not impossible that the man might receive a divine communica- DNTC 3:43
tion directly from the source of all of these gifts. In any event, he must become
intellectually aware that such powers and blessings have existed in other times,
places, and individuals. Second, the man must become acquainted with the
nature of those spiritual blessings, what one should expect when one of the
blessings is manifested in his own life. Again, this may be expressed by others
in person or in their writing. If, then, a man is intellectually aware of the exis-
tence of such powers, and has learned intellectually something of their opera-
tions, he may then venture to follow the path of those who once enjoyed the
gifts of the Spirit. Hence, the great blessing that attends hearkening to the
voice of the living prophets and the study of the sacred records that have been
preserved unto our own day. They encourage us to make the personal attempt
to commune with God, from whom we learn the reality of the blessings
spoken of.
9.8.16—Christ—Simply put, the name “Christ” is the Greek translation of
the Hebrew “Messiah”. In both Hebrew and Greek, the terms mean
“anointed one”. Every prophet of God from the days of Adam has been
anointed in preparation for their ministry to the world. Every king who
has ruled by divine right has also been anointed as part of his ascen-
dancy to the throne and the scepter. The same may be said of every
priest who has administered the ordinances of the Priesthood, particu-

69
 larly those of the Melchizedek Priesthood, and most specifically in the
House of the Lord. Some scholars have suggested that even though
certain men have been anointed to be prophets and priests, or kings
and priests, or prophets and kings, none but Jesus has been anointed
prophet, priest, and king. Of course, these scholars have asserted such
out of ignorance, not understanding that all those who are heirs of sal-
vation and exaltation have been anointed prophets, priests, and kings in
similitude of their Savior. Jesus is Lord of Lords, King of Kings, the
Great High Priest who presides over all priesthood, the prophet who
has inspired all prophets in whatever time or place in which they might
have lived. He is our Master in all things, but his labors have been
designed to bring us all back into the presence of God as he is.

9.9 If God the eternal Father were willing to bless men an ancient times, 9 For do we not read that God is Morm. 9:9
would He not be willing to do so today? If He were willing to communicate the same yesterday, today, and for- DS 1:11
with His children in one part of the world, would He not be willing to ever, and in him there is no vari- PM 286
communicate with them in other locations? If He is willing to comfort one ableness neither shadow of MM 1:28
inquiring soul, would He not have similar tender, parental feelings for changing? CR87-A 30
another? Morm. 9:9
DS 1:11
9.10 Reality does not allow for God to be changeable or varying. Therefore, if 10 And now if ye have imagined PM 286
such a capricious god exists anywhere in the annuals of mankind, it has been up unto yourselves a god who doth MM 1:28
the product of the vain imagination of men. By definition, God performs vary, and in whom there is shadow Morm. 9:9–10
miracles in behalf of His children, otherwise He would be no God nor would of changing, then have ye imagined MD 345
He be a loving Father. up unto yourselves a god who is Morm. 9:9–20
not God of miracles. MD 508
Morm. 9:9,18–19
9.11 If a Being were responsible for the creation of the earth, having provided 11 But behold, I will show unto CR01-A 12
all the materials for life and then fostering that life ever after, would not the you a God of miracles, even the Morm. 9:11
inhabitants rightfully consider the founder of their existence to be God? God of Abraham, and the God of MM 1:28
Would not the laws and principles by which God originated the earth mani- Isaac, and the God of Jacob; and it CR01-A 12
fest results that would be considered miraculous by those who were unaware of is that same God who created the
those eternal laws and principles? Would that not be continually the case for heavens and the earth, and all
His infant children dwelling in mortality upon this planet? When would things that in them are.
miracles stop being miracles? When the children have grown into full maturity
and are as their Father, every whit. Is there any man upon the earth that is so
learned that he comprehends all that has been wrought in this universe? Until
men have acquired infinite knowledge and experience, they must look to Him
who is the source of all knowledge and power, the Maker of all that which we
call miracles.
9.11.18—Abraham—The undisputed “Father of the Faithful”. Modern
biblical scholars are generally kind to Abraham as are most theologians
in the sister religious of Judaism. The spiritual stature of Abraham is,
for the most part, immeasurable by man. Abraham is one of the Lord
God’s noblemen, whose faith and confidence in the divine word are
equaled or excelled by few who have come into mortality upon this
earth. Removing the Lord Jesus Christ from the list of candidates, how-
ever, would probably render our estimation of Abraham all but abso-
lute. Abraham was one of three sons born to Terah during a millen-
nium of poverty and famine. Through Abraham’s ministrations the
promises made to the ancient fathers were preserved and re-established
in earnest. In one of the most tender of moments recorded in secular or
ecclesiastical history, the Lord God of Heaven instructed Abraham in
the nature of the greatest gift that a loving God may bestow upon his
creation when he asked for the sacrificed life of his son Isaac.

70
 9.11.23—Isaac—The only son of the union between Abraham and Sarah.
There was some strife between Isaac and Ishmael, the son of Hagar, as
there had been between Sarah and her handmaiden who had been ele-
vated to the role of wife to Abraham as the result of Sarah’s barrenness.
Because Sarah was the first wife, the wife of the covenant, her son Isaac
took precedence over the elder half-brother. The animosity engendered
during those early years has not completely abated, even into modern
times. Isaac was an active participant in the “sacrifice” required by God
of his father Abraham.
9.11.28—Jacob—The scholars of the world have pointed to Jacob’s name
as a term of derision, inasmuch as one of its prominent meanings in
Hebrew is “supplanter”. It literally means, however, “heel-catcher” in
reference to one of the instances in the manner of his birth, he holding
on to Esau’s heel as he was being born. It is interesting that Esau him-
self used wordplay to deride Jacob’s acquisition of the birthright and
the blessing. This complaint and accusation was to come to an end with
the angel’s blessing. The scholars of the world have apparently missed
this point.

9.12 The conception and development of any child upon this earth is in itself 12 Behold he created Adam, and Morm. 9:12
a miraculous event, as any right-thinking individual freely admits. The crea- by Adam came the fall of man. And DNTC 2:244
tion of Adam and Eve was no less miraculous. Did Adam or Eve understand because of the fall of man came PM 225, 371
anything regarding the laws and principles that brought about the earth’s fall Jesus Christ, even the Father and EM 2:485
from a Terrestrial sphere to a Telestial one? Could they intellectually discuss the Son; and because of Jesus CR87-A 106
the exact causes that produced the effects that they endured for the rest of Christ came the redemption of CR96-O 48
their lives? Is there any man on this earth who can explain precisely what it man. Morm. 9:12–13
was that Jesus did in the garden of Gethsemane and on the cross to bring AF 94
about the possibility of full redemption of every man, woman, and child from MD 638
the ravages of sin? Can anyone adequately articulate why he was willing to do DNTC 2:392
so? Does anyone pretend to understand how it is possible that the bodies of DS 2:11
those who died thousands of years ago can be brought back to life, fully Morm. 9:12–14
restored to their perfect frame? We should be grateful down to our bones that MA 54
God the Father continues to be a God of miracles. MD 62, 624
9.12.4—Adam—The first man upon the earth, and the first flesh also; that DNTC 3:474
is to say, the first mortal together with his wife Eve. He is the Ancient PM 238
of Days, the Archangel Michael, and the Father of All Living.
9.12.21–22—Jesus Christ—The author of eternal salvation, both of the
body and the spirit through the power of the resurrection and his
atoning sacrifice for sin.

9.13 Will there be any individual standing before God in the flesh who will 13 And because of the redemp- Morm. 9:13
not be incomprehensively awestruck at the power of the resurrection? Will tion of man, which came by Jesus MD 185, 639
anyone assert that the effect is a commonplace? No, even though the entire Christ, they are brought back into DNTC 2:245
race of man is standing beside him. the presence of the Lord; yea, this DS 1:111
9.13.11–12—Jesus Christ—The author of eternal salvation, both of the is wherein all men are redeemed, CR00-A 16
body and the spirit through the power of the resurrection and his because the death of Christ bring- Morm. 9:13–14
atoning sacrifice for sin. eth to pass the resurrection, which AF 392
bringeth to pass a redemption from JC 24
an endless sleep, from which sleep CR92-O 21
all men shall be awakened by the CR00-A 18
power of God when the trump
shall sound; and they shall come
forth, both small and great, and all
shall stand before his bar, being
redeemed and loosed from this

71
 eternal band of death, which death
is a temporal death.

9.14 The resurrection of the physical body will be a joyous experience. Most 14 And then cometh the judg- Morm. 9:14
men will have been deprived of their earthly tabernacles by death for a ment of the Holy One upon them; MD 360, 655
considerable period of time before they will come forth from the tomb. and then cometh the time that he MF 312
Immortality will be bestowed upon all those who have every breathed a breath that is filthy shall be filthy still; and PM 168
upon this planet, and rightfully so. However, the quality of that immortality he that is righteous shall be righ- CR00-O 41
will be impinged upon by the nature of the spirit of the man who inhabits that teous still; he that is happy shall be
renewed body. An unrepentant man may be redeemed from physical death, happy still; and he that is unhappy
but he remains a guilty man, unable to bear the presence of God. If he cannot shall be unhappy still.
dwell with God, he must dwell elsewhere.

9.15 Moroni’s argument is flawless. If the resurrection from the dead yet lies 15 And now, O all ye that have Morm. 9:15
before the children of men, then that miracle has not yet transpired. There- imagined up unto yourselves a god AF 235
fore, God continues to be, even in anticipation, a God of miracles. who can do no miracles, I would CR84-A 64
ask of you, have all these things Morm. 9:15–25
passed, of which I have spoken? DNTC 2:376
Has the end come yet? Behold I say
unto you, Nay; and God has not
ceased to be a God of miracles.

9.16 Alma uses a similar argument on Korihor when he testified to the anti- 16 Behold, are not the things that
Christ that the earth beneath and the heavens above all testify in no uncertain God hath wrought marvelous in
terms that there is a God who is actively engaged in the creation and our eyes? Yea, and who can com-
preservation of mankind (see AL-C 30.39–44). prehend the marvelous works of
God?

9.17 If any man declares that the earth and all things that have been placed 17 Who shall say that it was not a Morm. 9:17
thereon do not constitute a miracle or a series of magnificent miracles, let him miracle that by his word the heaven MD 845
step forward and duplicate such a feat. and the earth should be; and by the PM 199
power of his word man was created
of the dust of the earth; and by the
power of his word have miracles
been wrought?

9.18 One might doubt the testimony of one man regarding the deeds 18 And who shall say that Jesus Morm. 9:18–19
accomplish by Jesus of Nazareth. But the sacred record is a compilation of the Christ did not many mighty mir- DNTC 3:239
writings of many men who were intimately acquainted with the Lord Jesus acles? And *there were many * p. 537
Christ. That Jesus performed miracles is a matter of record; that his disciples mighty miracles wrought by the Morm. 9:18–20
did the same wherever and whenever they were authorized to do so is also a hands of the apostles. PM 572
matter of record. There are millions of modern witnesses who can testify to MM 2:286
the validity of the miraculous powers of the priesthood of God operating
personally in their lives. As time passes, the weight of testimony increases
exponentially.
9.18.6–7—Jesus Christ—The author of eternal salvation, both of the body
and the spirit through the power of the resurrection and his atoning
sacrifice for sin.

9.19 As the past has been filled with the miraculous, so also may the present 19 And if there were miracles Morm. 9:19
be equally filled. If the truth be known, there has never been a time upon the wrought then, why has God ceased CR93-O 48
face of this earth when there have been as many incidences of miracles or as to be a God of miracles and yet be
intense a manifestation of the power of God in the lives of His children, as an unchangeable Being? And
there is at this very hour. behold, I say unto you he changeth
not; if so he would cease to be

72
 God; and he ceaseth not to be God,
and is a God of miracles.

9.20 Now the cynic may say that he has not been privy to the miraculous, but 20 And the reason why he ceaseth Morm. 9:20
in so stating he has condemned himself out of his own mouth. He testifies to do miracles among the children MLM 81
that he has never opened his eyes to the wonders around him. He testifies that of men is because that they dwindle Morm. 9:20–25
he has never exercised a modicum of faith in order to commune with that in unbelief, and depart from the MD 265, 507
which is beyond his own sphere of action. He testifies that he has effectively right way, and know not the God
alienated himself from the God of heaven by disregarding that light which has in whom they should trust.
been given to every man, woman, and child who has entered into this world as
a living being.

9.21 Experiencing the miraculous is the result of an act of personal faith. The 21 Behold, I say unto you that Morm. 9:21
promise of God is that a man may proceed from one degree of faith to another whoso believeth in Christ, doubt- DNTC 1:583
until he is capable of doing anything that the Father and the Son may require ing nothing, whatsoever he shall PM 315, 572
of him or anything that he may desire in his heart in righteousness. ask the Father in the name of CR91-O 116
9.21.10—Christ—Simply put, the name “Christ” is the Greek translation Christ it shall be granted him; and Morm. 9:22–23
of the Hebrew “Messiah”. In both Hebrew and Greek, the terms mean this promise is unto all, even unto AF 133
“anointed one”. Every prophet of God from the days of Adam has been the ends of the earth. Morm. 9:22–25
anointed in preparation for their ministry to the world. Every king who MM 4:304
has ruled by divine right has also been anointed as part of his ascen-
dancy to the throne and the scepter. The same may be said of every
priest who has administered the ordinances of the Priesthood, particu-
larly those of the Melchizedek Priesthood, and most specifically in the
House of the Lord. Some scholars have suggested that even though
certain men have been anointed to be prophets and priests, or kings
and priests, or prophets and kings, none but Jesus has been anointed
prophet, priest, and king. Of course, these scholars have asserted such
out of ignorance, not understanding that all those who are heirs of sal-
vation and exaltation have been anointed prophets, priests, and kings in
similitude of their Savior. Jesus is Lord of Lords, King of Kings, the
Great High Priest who presides over all priesthood, the prophet who
has inspired all prophets in whatever time or place in which they might
have lived. He is our Master in all things, but his labors have been
designed to bring us all back into the presence of God as he is.

9.22 Moroni here bears witness that the Lord Jesus Christ gave a command- 22 For behold, thus said Jesus
ment to the Three Nephite Disciples that they were to go into all of the world Christ, the Son of God, unto his
to preach the Gospel, a fact not recorded in Mormon’s account of the ministry disciples who should tarry, yea, and
of the Savior among the people gathered to the temple in the city of Bountiful. also to all his disciples, in the
This commission was also extended to the other nine Apostles among the hearing of the multitude: Go ye
Nephites as well, the gathered multitude at Bountiful overhearing that com- into all the world, and preach the
mandment. It should not surprise us to observe that the wording of the gospel to every creature;
commandment was similar to that given to the Apostles in Palestine (see MK-
C 16.15–18). Unto all those who have received the fullness of the priesthood
and who have received the keys by which that priesthood is administered is
this commandment given, and to none else. Those possessing and administer-
ing the authority of God, however, are given leave to call others into the min-
istry, bestowing upon them the priesthood and those keys which they might
require. The Apostles selected by Jesus during his mortal ministry and those
chosen later after his resurrection from the dead did their utmost to fulfill the
commandment given to them. Longstanding traditions attribute great jour-
neys and voyages to those holy men by which the Gospel was taken into every
quarter of the world. In every time and place where there have been men and
women prepared to hear the principles of eternal life, the Lord God has sent

73
His commissioned servants who speak the truth without guile and fearlessly
testify of their personal knowledge of that truth. Those who respond to their
witness and repent of their sins before God, may be received into the fold of
God through the ordinances which have been established.
9.22.5–6—Jesus Christ—The author of eternal salvation, both of the body
and the spirit through the power of the resurrection and his atoning
sacrifice for sin.

9.23 Salvation, in the ultimate Christian sense, includes faith, repentance, and 23 And he that believeth and is
complete immersion in the water and in the Spirit. To believe otherwise is to baptized shall be saved, but he that
endanger one’s own soul. Clearly, if a person does not have faith in Christ, he believeth not shall be damned;
or she will not perform all that is supposed to follow faith; i.e. repentance,
baptism, and the reception of the Holy Ghost.

9.24 The progress of the Church would bring opportunities for growth which 24 And these signs shall follow Morm. 9:24
the disciples could not as yet imagine. But the power of the Father and the them that believe—in my name MD 800
Son would be with them in all of their trials and tribulations and they would shall they cast out devils; they shall DNTC 2:383
be successful. The promise of the Savior is not given to those who would speak with new tongues; they shall Morm. 9:24–25
willfully expose themselves to the viciousness of nature merely to exploit the take up serpents; and if they drink MD 713
power of God. The experience of Paul on the isle of Melita (Malta) is one of any deadly thing it shall not hurt
the scriptural fulfillments of the Savior’s promise. In part, the protection them; they shall lay hands on the
spoken of by Jesus is similar to that provided to Daniel, his three friends, the sick and they shall recover;
three Nephite disciples of Jesus, John the Beloved and others, in that the
effects of this fallen world could not grasp these men sufficient to deprive
them of their lives. The Apostles and their converts were not entitled to
capriciously drink known poisons to demonstrate their power over death, but
if there were malicious plots against their lives, then the realized promise
would be forthcoming. The power of their priesthood would defy the powers
of a fallen world and restored the afflicted faithful to their wonted health and
strength.
9.24.3—signs—The word “sign” in English derives from Latin roots which
mean “mark, figure, image”. This suggests an outward manner of
identification. These will not be manifestations that will be asked by
the wicked to satisfy their idle curiosity, but the natural consequences
of the power of God, the priesthood, having been bestowed upon the
sons of God.
9.24.10–11—my name—There is no other name by which salvation may
be obtained. In the process of bringing the children of men unto Christ
by those authorized to do so, these tokens of power will appear among
the saints of God.
9.24.13—they—These are those who will have hearken to the voice of the
Apostles in their ministry and who will bear off the Church and
Kingdom of God after them.
9.24.14–15—cast out—The Apostles and other disciples had experienced
the power of deliverance from the unseemly control by those who had
rebelled before the foundations of the earth were laid. They would not
be the only ones so imbued.
9.24.21–22—new tongues—The Gospel of Christ would be taken into
strange lands, among people who spoke languages more diverse than
any that the Apostles had experienced up until that moment in their
lives. Among these strangers would the Gospel be taught, and then
those converted would take the principles of salvation to nations,
tongues, and people stranger still.

9.25 The commission of the Lord Jesus to his Nephite disciples continues 25 And whosoever shall believe in Morm. 9:25

74
here, with a passage omitted from the recorded commandment given by Mark. my name, doubting nothing, unto DNTC 1:872
The promise is to every soul who contemplates the truths presented to him by him will I confirm all my words,
the servants of God is that he can know for himself, just as surely as any man even unto the ends of the earth.
has ever known since the beginning of time.

9.26 It is an audacious and an extraordinarily stupid man, indeed, who would 26 And now, behold, who can Morm. 9:26
attempt to do any of the things enumerated here. Who can look upon the stand against the works of the MD 700
powers of creation and not be humbled before the power of God? Only a man Lord? Who can deny his sayings? FPM 299
filled with arrogance and defiance. Who has the temerity to suggest that the Who will rise up against the EM 1:184
testimonies given of the Father and the Son by the servants of God are almighty power of the Lord? Who
mythological or false? Only a man who is determined to assert his own feeble will despise the works of the Lord?
self-awareness in the face of divine comprehension and infinite wisdom; only a Who will despise the children of
petulant and belligerent child. Who would shake his fist at the heavens in Christ? Behold, all ye who are
defiance of omnipotence? Only a man of immeasurable and unjustifiable despisers of the works of the Lord,
pride. Who would look upon the faith and confidence of the children of God for ye shall wonder and perish.
with mockery? Only an unrepentant man in the gall of bitterness. The law and
justice of God are immutable, and those who do not apply for mercy and
compassion will feel the full weight and measure that befalls the disobedient.
9.26.43—Christ—Simply put, the name “Christ” is the Greek translation
of the Hebrew “Messiah”. In both Hebrew and Greek, the terms mean
“anointed one”. Every prophet of God from the days of Adam has been
anointed in preparation for their ministry to the world. Every king who
has ruled by divine right has also been anointed as part of his ascen-
dancy to the throne and the scepter. The same may be said of every
priest who has administered the ordinances of the Priesthood, particu-
larly those of the Melchizedek Priesthood, and most specifically in the
House of the Lord. Some scholars have suggested that even though
certain men have been anointed to be prophets and priests, or kings
and priests, or prophets and kings, none but Jesus has been anointed
prophet, priest, and king. Of course, these scholars have asserted such
out of ignorance, not understanding that all those who are heirs of sal-
vation and exaltation have been anointed prophets, priests, and kings in
similitude of their Savior. Jesus is Lord of Lords, King of Kings, the
Great High Priest who presides over all priesthood, the prophet who
has inspired all prophets in whatever time or place in which they might
have lived. He is our Master in all things, but his labors have been
designed to bring us all back into the presence of God as he is.

9.27 The process is simple and has been oft repeated by those seeking truth 27 O then despise not, and Morm. 9:27
and light. wonder not, but hearken unto the MD 208
words of the Lord, and ask the FPM 203
Father in the name of Jesus for CR88-O 47
what things soever ye shall stand in CR92-A 46
need. Doubt not, but be believing,
and begin as in times of old, and
come unto the Lord with all your
heart, and work out your own
salvation with fear and trembling
before him.

9.28 It is a simple choice. Either one will serve himself or he will serve the 28 Be wise in the days of your Morm. 9:28
God of Heaven. What is the reward of having served oneself? Nothing! What probation; strip yourselves of all DNTC 2:482
could one possible bestow upon one’s self? Nothing, for no man has anything uncleanness; ask not, that ye may FPM 159
worth giving. One may prattle about individual freedom or independence, but consume it on your lusts, but ask CR00-O 94
there is no eternal salvation in that, in and of those principles alone, even if with a firmness unshaken, that ye

75
such things actually existed here upon the earth. Men have conjured up will yield to no temptation, but
illusions, night-dreams, which cannot and will not nourish them in any that ye will serve the true and living
substantial way. It is only when we aspire to perfection, to fulfill the destiny God.
that our eternal relationship with God the Father proposes, that we find any
degree of satisfaction or happiness. We put off the natural man of this fallen
world and become as little children; in other words, we accept who we are in
reality, living in harmony with truth and light.

9.29 We cannot afford to go through the outward motions of the command- 29 See that ye are not baptized Morm. 9:29
ments. Of a truth we must needs be baptized, but only as the result of an unworthily; see that ye partake not AF 135, 178
active faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, coupled with an effective resolve to of the sacrament of Christ un- MD 744, 851
continually draw near to him in our daily walk and talk, by emulating his love worthily; but see that ye do all DS 2:343
and compassion for all men, a path that cannot be trodden my mortal men things in worthiness, and do it in MM 4:67
without forsaking all sin. We are to partake of the emblems of the Savior’s the name of Jesus Christ, the Son CR85-O 41
sacrifice and resurrection from the dead, but not while in the midst of reveling of the living God; and if ye do CR97-A 100
in wickedness. That is a mockery not to be borne. *this, and endure to the end, ye * p. 538
9.29.17—Christ—Simply put, the name “Christ” is the Greek translation will in nowise be cast out.
of the Hebrew “Messiah”. In both Hebrew and Greek, the terms mean
“anointed one”. Every prophet of God from the days of Adam has been
anointed in preparation for their ministry to the world. Every king who
has ruled by divine right has also been anointed as part of his ascen-
dancy to the throne and the scepter. The same may be said of every
priest who has administered the ordinances of the Priesthood, particu-
larly those of the Melchizedek Priesthood, and most specifically in the
House of the Lord. Some scholars have suggested that even though
certain men have been anointed to be prophets and priests, or kings
and priests, or prophets and kings, none but Jesus has been anointed
prophet, priest, and king. Of course, these scholars have asserted such
out of ignorance, not understanding that all those who are heirs of sal-
vation and exaltation have been anointed prophets, priests, and kings in
similitude of their Savior. Jesus is Lord of Lords, King of Kings, the
Great High Priest who presides over all priesthood, the prophet who
has inspired all prophets in whatever time or place in which they might
have lived. He is our Master in all things, but his labors have been
designed to bring us all back into the presence of God as he is.

9.30 Moroni was writing some four hundred years after the birth of the Lord 30 Behold, I speak unto you as Morm. 9:30
Jesus Christ. His father, his friends, his comrades in arms had all perished in though I spake from the dead; for I EM 1:159
the final conflict between the Lamanites and the Nephites. We do not know know that ye shall have my words.
the year that Moroni was born, but if we assume that Mormon married some
time during his mid-twenties, his son may have come into the world about the
year 335. Moroni , then would have been just shy of his 50th year of mortality
during the battle at the hill Cumorah and about 65 years of age as he wrote
the concluding two chapters of the book concerning his father’s life. He would
then be about 86 years of age when he wrote his last upon the plates, 421 years
after the birth of the Savior. Moroni knew that no one of his generation would
ever read his words as mortals, but he had every confidence that there would
come a time when the entire earth would have an opportunity to contemplate
that which he and his father had transcribed upon the plates.

9.31 This represents only one of the many times that Moroni cautioned the 31 Condemn me not because of Morm. 9:31
readers of the Book of Mormon to be careful how they regarded the mine imperfection, neither my EM 1:166
testimonies that had been preserved of the Nephite dealings with their God. father, because of his imperfection, CR81-A 76
He was painfully aware of the great difficulty that there was in making the neither them who have written CR82-A 57
characters upon so small and delicate a surface, especially for men who had before him; but rather give thanks CR83-O 78

76
been primarily trained as military men rather than as literati. We have been unto God that he hath made mani- CR84-O 10
fortunate indeed that plates devised by Mormon have not been subjected to fest unto you our imperfections, CR88-A 73
the sort of academic scrutiny that exists in our day. Faithless analysis is no that ye may learn to be more wise CR01-A 12
analysis at all. than we have been. Morm. 9:31–33
EM 1:156
{¶—1830}

9.32 The written language of the Nephite people differed somewhat from 32 And now, behold, we have Morm. 9:32
their spoken language. We may not, at present, understand completely the written this record according to our TPJS 300
advantages associated with preserving their records in what they called knowledge, in the characters which DHC 5:399
“reformed Egyptian”, but they successfully did so for more than a thousand are called among us the reformed AF 291
years. As is the case with all forms of communication, written or verbal, the Egyptian, being handed down and EM 1: 43, 180,
symbols used change over time. We may speculate at length about the origins altered by us, according to our 370
of “reformed Egyptian”; perhaps it was an idiom developed by Joseph the son manner of speech. CR95-A 10
of Jacob or any one of a number of Israelite exiles dwelling in that foreign Morm. 9:32–33
land. However it came to be, it had been successfully codified upon the Plates AF 292
of Brass which Lehi and his family took with them at the time they fled the Morm. 9:32–34
city of Jerusalem about the year 600 BC. This became their primer in the MD 327
preservation of their permanent records. We are not privy as to the nature of EM 1:179
any further developments of the writing system during the thousand years that
the Nephites used it, except that Moroni states that it did change and appar-
ently for that reason, Moroni sensed that the whole book might be criticized as
a result. This would have been particularly true when comparing the writings
preserved upon the Small Plates of Nephi with that which Mormon and
Moroni had produced upon their own plates.
9.32.22–23—reformed Egyptian—The language in which the Book of
Mormon was written. We might also suppose that the brass plates
obtained from Laban were composed in the same language and served
as a primer for the Nephite in the centuries that followed their exodus
from the city of Jerusalem.

9.33 We may argue at length about the properties of the Nephite written 33 And if our plates had been Morm. 9:33
language that derived from Hebrew and those that derived from Egyptian. sufficiently large we should have EM 1:180
The fact of the matter is that we know little or nothing regarding the system, written in Hebrew; but the Hebrew
even though some of the individual characters have been preserved in the hath been altered by us also; and if
records of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Scholars have we could have written in Hebrew,
supposed that one of the great advantages of “reformed Egyptian” was that a behold, ye would have had no
great deal of information could be condensed into a small number of charac- imperfection in our record.
ters and, thus, a relatively small space. Rationally speaking, the denser the
linguistic representation of complex intellectual concepts becomes, the more
difficult the translation process or even the reading process becomes. Mormon
and Moroni may have supposed that they had correctly represented the history
of their forefathers, but there was always the possibility that they might have
misread some of the ancient inscriptions. Moroni simply states that in nothing
should the Lord or his teachings be brought into question.
9.33.14—Hebrew—At present we do not know how the Hebrew written
language was used among the Nephites. A dialect of spoken Hebrew
was certainly current among them so long as there were devoted parents
who were willing to correctly perpetuate the language among their
children.

9.34 Moroni had long since learned of the existence of the “interpreters”, the 34 But the Lord knoweth the Morm. 9:34
Urim and Thummim, which had been preserved among the Nephites for things which we have written, and TPJS 300
centuries. We do not know precisely who fabricated the breastplate, the piece also that none other people know- DHC 5:400
of armor upon which were mounted the instruments of translation, but it eth our language; and because that

77
seems likely that Mormon was the man. We can only surmise as to how and none other people knoweth our
why Mormon would think their proximity to him was important to him as he language, therefore he hath pre-
compiled his own work. Perhaps the differences between the early written pared means for the interpretation
records and the latter inscriptions were greater than we have heretofore thereof.
supposed. Perhaps Mormon was perfectly aware as to how his plates would
ultimately be translated and was inspired to create a place of safety for the two
stones. It seems clear that Moroni wore his father’s armor after the latter’s
demise, and certainly used the interpreters as he made his synopsis of the
plates of Ether. The process of translating the plates into English involved the
wearing of the breastplate, leaving the hands free to manipulate the various
plates of the record. The depository that held Mormon’s plates for fourteen
hundred years also was the receptacle of the breastplate and the accompanying
Urim and Thummim, suggesting that the depository was somewhat larger
than the usual artistic conception. As an aside and contrary to popular con-
ception, the sword of Laban was not included with the plates and the breast-
plate. This instrument was ensconced in the larger repository within the hill
Cumorah itself.

9.35 The Book of Mormon was written in order to provide a means whereby 35 And these things are written Morm. 9:35
the posterity of the Nephites and the Lamanites might have an opportunity to that we may rid our garments of MD 304
know of the faith of their fathers, receive the teachings of Christ, and then the blood of our brethren, who Morm. 9:35–37
come unto him in humility and peace. That singular opportunity would even- have dwindled in unbelief. EM 1:156
tually be the means of bringing millions upon millions of the children of Lehi
into the fold of Christ, both from among the living and from among the dead.
The cry of Mormon and Moroni for the children of Lehi to repent and be
baptized would echo up and down the corridors of time as the fullness of the
Gospel would be taken into all of the world and into the innermost recesses of
the world of spirits.

9.36 Once the restoration of the Church and Kingdom of God had taken 36 And behold, these things Morm. 9:36
place, faith, repentance, and saving ordinances having been performed accord- which we have desired concerning MD 637
ing to the righteousness of the children of men, the teachings of the Lord Jesus our brethren, yea, even their resto-
Christ would be taken into all of the world. Of particular interest, however, ration to the knowledge of Christ,
would be the posterity of Lehi, to whom the record of their fathers would be are according to the prayers of all
taken. Those among the Gentiles who had accepted the truth of the Gospel the saints who have dwelt in the
and the writings to be found in the pages of the Book of Mormon would be land.
inspired to immediately resort to the descendants of the covenant people,
which they did soon after the establishment of the Church.
9.36.6—we—Moroni is speaking to the converts among the Gentiles in
the latter days who intuitively felt a desire to preach the atonement of
Christ to the native inhabitants of the western hemisphere. Their desire
to teach faith in Jesus was in complete harmony with the desires of the
righteous ancestors of the same.
9.36.20—Christ—Simply put, the name “Christ” is the Greek translation
of the Hebrew “Messiah”. In both Hebrew and Greek, the terms mean
“anointed one”. Every prophet of God from the days of Adam has been
anointed in preparation for their ministry to the world. Every king who
has ruled by divine right has also been anointed as part of his ascen-
dancy to the throne and the scepter. The same may be said of every
priest who has administered the ordinances of the Priesthood, particu-
larly those of the Melchizedek Priesthood, and most specifically in the
House of the Lord. Some scholars have suggested that even though
certain men have been anointed to be prophets and priests, or kings
and priests, or prophets and kings, none but Jesus has been anointed
prophet, priest, and king. Of course, these scholars have asserted such

78
 out of ignorance, not understanding that all those who are heirs of
salvation and exaltation have been anointed prophets, priests, and kings
in similitude of their Savior. Jesus is Lord of Lords, King of Kings, the
Great High Priest who presides over all priesthood, the prophet who
has inspired all prophets in whatever time or place in which they might
have lived. He is our Master in all things, but his labors have been
designed to bring us all back into the presence of God as he is.
9.36.29—saints—The disciples of Jesus Christ, those who have taken upon
them the covenants of eternity after having exercised faith unto
repentance.

9.37 Beneath the explicit prayer that the faith and covenants of the forefathers 37 And may the Lord Jesus Christ Morm. 9:37
of the Lamanites and Nephites might be justified, is the implicit desire that all grant that their prayers may be CR99-O 89
that Moroni and his father had done in order to preserve the Nephite answered according to their faith;
testimony of Christ might find fruition in the latter days. and may God the Father remember
9.37.5–6—Jesus Christ—The author of eternal salvation, both of the body the covenant which he hath made
and the spirit through the power of the resurrection and his atoning with the house of Israel; and may
sacrifice for sin. he bless them forever, through faith
9.37.34—Israel—In reference to the covenant people, traditionally the on the name of Jesus Christ. Amen.
posterity of the patriarch Jacob. There are those, however, who have
been adopted into the House of Israel through obedience to the prin-
ciples and ordinances of the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ.
9.37.49—Amen—The harmony between the Father and the Son is
perfected in this word of assent. The Hebrew word which is translated
as “Amen” derives from roots which mean “true”. This word is one of
the many titles of the Lord Jesus Christ.

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 Alphabetized List of Specifically Noted Words and Phrases
in Mormon Commentary

Aaron—2.9.12 Cumorah—6.11.54 imperfections—8.12.14

Abinadi—1.19.39 Cumorah—6.2.34 Isaac—9.11.23
Abraham—5.20.41 Cumorah—6.4.15 Isaiah—8.23.5
Abraham—9.11.18 Cumorah—6.5.27 Ishmaelites—1.8.45
abridgment—5.9.46 Cumorah—6.6.21 Ishmaelites—1.9.9
Adam—3.20.49 Cumorah—6.6.96 Israel—3.17.13
Adam—9.12.4 Cumorah—8.2.15 Israel—3.18.18
all—4.23.27 David—2.5.13 Israel—4.12.22
Amen—7.10.76 day of grace—2.15.19–21 Israel—5.10.22
Amen—9.37.49 Desolation—3.5.21 Israel—5.11.15
Ammaron—1.2.6 Desolation—3.7.25 Israel—5.14.59
Ammaron—1.5.20 Desolation—4.1.34 Israel—5.20.48
Ammaron—2.17.12 Desolation—4.13.15 Israel—7.1.34
Ammaron—4.23.31 Desolation—4.19.15 Israel—7.2.10
Angola—2.4.14 Desolation—4.2.20 Israel—8.21.29
Antionum—6.14.38 Desolation—4.3.32 Israel—9.37.34
Antum—1.3.37 Desolation—4.8.50 it—8.27.2
Boaz—4.20.14 destroyed—5.5.22 Jacob—5.12.13
Book of Mormon—1.1.22–24 down—3.7.20 Jacob—5.24.25
borders—1.10.16 dust—8.23.37 Jacob—9.11.28
Camenihah—6.14.34 elements—9.2.34 Jacobites—1.8.26
cast out—9.24.14–15 eleven—1.6.9 Jashon—2.16.37
choirs—7.7.45 fair—6.17.2 Jashon—2.17.6
Christ—3.20.37 fear—6.7.30 Jerusalem—3.18.41
Christ—3.22.24 few—6.15.41 Jerusalem—3.19.41
Christ—3.4.27 few—6.15.51 Jesus—1.15.30
Christ—5.14.28 few—8.1.16 Jesus—3.18.31
Christ—5.16.20 few—8.1.16 Jesus—3.19.20
Christ—5.17.10 fifteen—1.15.4 Jesus—5.11.45
Christ—6.21.36 fires—8.29.13 Jesus—5.14.25
Christ—7.10.36 four years—1.12.29–30 Jesus—6.17.26
Christ—7.8.18 Gadianton—1.18.3 Jesus—7.8.10
Christ—8.38.36 Gadianton—2.27.35 Jesus—8.10.17
Christ—9.1.13 Gadianton—2.28.32 Jesus—9.6.19
Christ—9.21.10 gall of bitterness—8.31.73–75 Jesus Christ—3.14.18–19
Christ—9.26.43 Gentiles—3.17.6 Jesus Christ—3.21.10–11
Christ—9.29.17 Gentiles—5.10.14 Jesus Christ—7.5.24–25
Christ—9.3.7 Gentiles—5.15.23 Jesus Christ—8.35.18–19
Christ—9.36.20 Gentiles—5.19.26 Jesus Christ—9.12.21–22
Christ—9.8.16 Gentiles—5.20.17 Jesus Christ—9.13.11–12
church—3.2.22 Gentiles—5.22.5 Jesus Christ—9.18.6–7
cities—5.4.23 Gentiles—5.9.21 Jesus Christ—9.22.5–6
city—5.4.17 Gentiles—7.8.40 Jesus Christ—9.37.5–6
coming—8.6.10 Gidgidonnah—6.13.7 Jesus Christ—9.5.24–25
coming—8.6.10 Gilgal—6.14.10 Jews—3.21.22
commanded—6.6.43 had gone—2.17.29–30 Jews—5.14.11
commandment—8.3.34 Hebrew—9.33.14 Jews—7.5.40
commandment—8.3.34 hid—5.12.41 Jews—7.8.43

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Joneam—6.14.26 Lamanites—6.6.73 Nephites—4.1.29
Jordan—5.3.21 Lamanites—6.7.22 Nephites—4.10.25
Josephites—1.8.29 Lamanites—8.2.30 Nephites—4.11.35
Josh—6.14.44 Lamanites—8.7.4 Nephites—4.13.27
Joshua—2.6.11 Lamanites—8.8.18 Nephites—4.15.17
king—3.4.29 Lamanites—8.9.18 Nephites—4.16.10
king—6.2.9 Lamanites’—5.7.21 Nephites—4.17.11
Lamah—6.14.2 land—2.17.10 Nephites—4.18.8
Lamanites—1.11.49 land—4.23.14 Nephites—4.19.35
Lamanites—1.12.7 Lehi—4.12.14 Nephites—4.2.11
Lamanites—1.18.9 Lemuelites—1.8.45 Nephites—4.21.10
Lamanites—1.8.42 Lemuelites—1.9.6 Nephites—4.22.8
Lamanites—1.9.3 Limhah—6.14.18 Nephites—4.4.9
Lamanites—2.1.22 magics—1.19.13 Nephites—4.8.15
Lamanites—2.16.24 manifest—3.16.35 Nephites—4.9.20
Lamanites—2.2.26 men—6.10.8 Nephites—5.1.13
Lamanites—2.23.27 miracles—8.26.52 Nephites—5.4.28
Lamanites—2.24.19 Mormon—1.1.4 Nephites—5.6.50
Lamanites—2.27.30 Mormon—1.5.14 Nephites—6.1.14
Lamanites—2.28.27 Mormon—1.5.3 Nephites—8.2.18
Lamanites—2.29.3 Mormon—2.12.9 Nephites—8.7.10
Lamanites—2.3.17 Mormon—3.11.8 new tongues—9.24.21–22
Lamanites—2.4.31 Mormon—4.23.4 north countries—2.3.45–46
Lamanites—2.8.11 Mormon—5.8.5 old—6.6.28
Lamanites—2.9.4 Mormon—6.2.3 plates of Nephi—6.6.87–89
Lamanites—3.1.8 Mormon—6.6.24 pollutions—8.31.13
Lamanites—3.4.32 Mormon—8.1.11 power—8.15.5
Lamanites—3.6.16 Mormon—8.13.16 prophet—2.10.27
Lamanites—3.7.17 Moroni—6.11.26 record—7.8.34
Lamanites—4.1.18 Moroni—6.12.18 reformed Egyptian—9.32.22–23
Lamanites—4.10.20 Moroni—6.6.124 remainder—1.4.14
Lamanites—4.11.39 Moroni—8.1.3 remnant—5.12.8
Lamanites—4.13.8 Moroni—8.1.3 remnant—5.9.13
Lamanites—4.15.22 Moroni—8.12.31 remnant—7.1.10
Lamanites—4.16.3 Moronihah—6.14.36 saints—8.27.12
Lamanites—4.18.14 mountains—8.24.26 saints—9.36.29
Lamanites—4.19.8 my name—9.24.10–11 same year—2.1.8–9
Lamanites—4.2.32 Nephi—1.4.9 Samuel—2.10.25
Lamanites—4.20.22 Nephi—1.5.8 Samuel the Lamanite—1.19.42–44
Lamanites—4.23.8 Nephi—2.11.26 scripture—8.20.4
Lamanites—4.4.14 Nephi—2.17.42 scroll—5.23.33
Lamanites—4.6.8 Nephi—2.18.6 scroll—9.2.31
Lamanites—4.7.17 Nephi—2.20.13 sea—3.8.39
Lamanites—4.8.26 Nephi—6.6.90 seashore—2.6.20
Lamanites—4.9.23 Nephi—8.13.24 seashore—4.3.24
Lamanites—5.15.60 Nephites—1.11.8 secret combinations—8.27.26–27
Lamanites—5.3.8 Nephites—1.8.23 shake—8.24.36
Lamanites—5.5.25 Nephites—1.9.18 Shem—2.20.40
Lamanites—5.6.15 Nephites—2.1.19 Shem—2.21.13
Lamanites—6.1.28 Nephites—2.10.8 Shem—6.14.42
Lamanites—6.11.43 Nephites—2.16.17 Shiblom—6.14.40
Lamanites—6.15.58 Nephites—2.2.23 Shim—1.3.45
Lamanites—6.2.12 Nephites—2.8.50 Shim—4.23.22
Lamanites—6.3.11 Nephites—3.1.30 Sidon—1.10.23
Lamanites—6.4.49 Nephites—3.9.12 signs—9.24.3

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sixteenth—2.2.9 three hundred and eighty—5.6.9–12 three hundred and sixty and third—
sober—1.15.13 three hundred and eighty and four 4.1.10–15
sorceries—1.19.9 years—6.5.3–8 three hundred and thirty—2.9.60–63
southward—1.6.20 three hundred and fiftieth—2.28.16– three hundred and twenty and
southward—3.5.39 19 seventh—2.3.9–14
southward—8.2.25 three hundred and forty and fifth— three hundred and twenty and six—
southward—8.2.25 2.16.9–14 2.2.28–33
such—5.11.5 three hundred and forty and four— thrice—3.13.2
Teancum—4.14.10 2.15.57–62 time—1.2.4
Teancum—4.3.13 three hundred and forty and ninth— top—6.11.51
Teancum—4.6.17 2.28.3–8 twenty and four—1.3.6–8
Teancum—4.7.23 three hundred and forty and sixth— twenty and four—6.15.31–33
tempests—8.29.15 2.22.8–13 up—4.1.21
ten—1.2.21 three hundred and seventy and fifth— vapors of smoke—8.29.17–19
ten thousand—6.11.57–58 4.16.13–18 visitation—9.2.10
ten years—3.1.16–17 three hundred and seventy and nine— waters—1.10.21
that—7.9.13 5.5.39–44 we—9.36.6
Therefore—3.17.1 three hundred and sixty—3.4.18–21 west—2.6.17
these few plates—6.6.106–108 three hundred and sixty and first— witchcrafts—1.19.11
these plates—2.18.21–22 3.7.9–14 write—8.23.9
they—9.24.13 three hundred and sixty and fourth— year—1.11.37
this—7.9.3 4.7.8–13 year—1.8.8
this record—6.6.82–83 three hundred and sixty and second— you—7.8.53
this record—7.8.28–29 3.8.4–9 Zarahemla—1.10.18
this record—8.12.4–5 three hundred and sixty and seventh— Zarahemla—1.6.26
this time—3.11.13–14 4.15.9–14 Zoramites—1.8.32
this year—2.20.8–9 three hundred and sixty and sixth—
this year—2.20.8–9 4.10.8–13

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