Monolithic Solutions

Instructions for Use

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 Table of Contents

3  IPS e.max® System

4  IPS e.max® Press

Information Material
Product

Uses
Scientific data
Ingot concept
Ingot sizes

11  Overview of the clinical working steps / fabrication process

Processing techniques
Ingot selection with the IPS e.max Shade Navigation App
Preparation guidelines
Minimum layer thicknesses
Model and die preparation

24  Contouring
A: Contouring for the staining technique
B: Contouring for the cut-back technique
C: Contouring for the layering technique

27  IPS e.max® Press Multi (polychromatc ingots)

Sprueing, preparing for investment, investing, preheating, pressing, divesting
Practical Procedure

42  IPS e.max Press (monochromatc ingots)

Sprueing, investing, preheating, pressing, divesting, removing the reaction layer

52  Staining technique

Finishing
Stain and Glaze firing
Thin veneers, occlusal veneers (table tops)

62  Cut-back technique

Finishing
Veneering with IPS e.max Ceram

69  Layering technique

Finishing
Veneering with IPS e.max Ceram
Procedure for HO ingots

78 Frequently Asked Questions

Information

Cementation and aftercare

General

Shade combination table

Press and firing parameters

Symbols in the Instructions for Use

Important Information Tips & Tricks Contrindication Note on firing

2
Product Information

Product Information – IPS e.max® System

System
Given its versatility, its clinical long-term success and its wide range of indications, the IPS e.max® System is the most
successful and most widely used all-ceramic system throughout the world.

It consists of the reliable lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max Press and CAD), the innovative zirconium oxide ceramic
(IPS e.max ZirCAD) and a coordinated veneering ceramic (IPS e.max Ceram); the press-on ceramic IPS e.max ZirPress
supplements the versatile system.

With the highly esthetic high-strength IPS e.max materials, all indications for fixed restorations, ranging from thin veneers
to multi-unit bridges, can be realized. Hybrid restorations are also possible.

The coordinated shade concept within the system and the individual products enables flexible working procedures from the
shade determination up to the material selection.
The ideal restoration shade is optimally reproduced by means of the IPS e.max Shade Navigation App. It facilitates the
material selection, leads to results that feature optimum shade match and thus provides efficiency and reliability.

IPS e.max is the comprehensive high-quality all-ceramic system for all indications, esthetic requirements and patient cases:
it is all ceramic – all you need.

3
 Press
Three ways for maximum flexibility

Digital Manual

CAD software CAD software Model and die preparation

Add-on Add-on
Solutions Solutions
Design

IPS e.max Digital Press Design – IPS e.max Digital Press Design –
Press Multi Wax Tree
Automatic positioning and sprueing of the Automatic sprueing of several single-tooth
wax patterns for IPS e.max Press Multi restorations to a wax tree.
restorations.

Milling 3D printing Contouring

Producing

ProArt CAD Wax yellow

Millable wax, particularly for the Press
technology with IPS e.max Press.

Securing Securing Positioning and securing

Easy to secure Easy to secure

Sprueing
Investing

IPS PressVest Premium

Universal investment material for press ceramic.

IPS e.max Press Programat® EP 3010/EP 5010

Pressing

Lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LS2) Press furnaces coordinated with Ivoclar Vivadent
ingots for the press technology. press ceramic materials, e.g. IPS e.max Press.

4
Product Information

Product Information – IPS e.max® Press

Press Monolithic Solutions
Material

IPS e.max® Press

IPS e.max Press are lithium disilicate glass-ceramic ingots for the Press
technology. The industrial production process creates absolutely
homogeneous ingots in different translucency levels. They demon-
strate a strength of 470 MPa (typical average value). The ingots are
pressed to restorations with outstanding accuracy of fit in Ivoclar
Vivadent press furnaces. The pressed, tooth-coloured, highly esthetic
restorations are stained and glazed with IPS Ivocolor or veneered
with IPS e.max Ceram and the stained and glazed with IPS Ivocolor.

Property Specification Typical

average value
CTE (25 – 100°C) [10-6/K] 10.5 ± 0.5 –
Flexural strength (biaxial) [MPa] ≥ 360 470
Chemical solubility [µg/cm2] < 100 –
Type/Class Type II / Class 3 –

According to ISO 6872:2015

5
 Uses

Indications
– Occlusal veneers (table tops)
– Thin veneers
– Veneers
– Inlays
– Onlays
– Partial crowns
– Minimally invasive crowns in the anterior and posterior region
– Crowns in the anterior and posterior region
– 3-unit bridges in the anterior region
– 3-unit bridges in the premolar region up to the second premolar as the terminal abutment
– Implant superstructures for single-tooth restorations (anterior and posterior region)
– Implant superstructures for 3-unit bridges up to the second premolar as the terminal abutment

IPS e.max Press Abutment Solutions

– Hybrid abutments for single-tooth restorations in the anterior and posterior region
– Hybrid abutment crowns in the anterior and posterior region

e.max ®
Press
Abutme
nt
Instructio Solutions

For more detailed information about the fabrication of hybrid abutments and hybrid abutment
ns for Use

IPS

crowns, please refer to the IPS e.max Press Abutment Solution Instructions for Use.
all ceramic
all you need

Contraindications
– Inlay-retained bridges
– Cantilever bridges
– Adhesive bridges
– Anterior region bridge unit width > 11 mm
– Premolar region bridge unit width > 9 mm
– Temporary seating of IPS e.max Press restorations
– Very deep subgingival preparations
– Patients with severely reduced residual dentition
– Bruxism
– Any other uses not listed in the indications

Additional contraindications for minimally invasive anterior and posterior crowns:

– Layer thicknesses below 1 mm
– Preparations with sharp edges
– Preparations that do not provide anatomical support and with irregular layering thicknesses
– Conventional and self-adhesive cementation
– Build-up materials other than composite
– Lack of canine guidance
– Bridges
– Crowns on implants

Important processing restrictions

Failure to observe the following restrictions may compromise the results achieved with IPS e.max Press:
– The necessary preparation requirements must be observed.
– No extension units
– Layering with a veneering ceramic other than IPS e.max Ceram
– Pressing of IPS e.max Press in the IPS Investment Ring System 300 g

6
 Product Information – IPS e.max® Press | Uses | Scientific Data
Warning
– IPS Natural Die Material Separator contains hexane. Hexane is highly flammable and detrimental to health. Avoid contact
of the material with skin and eyes. Do not inhale vapours and keep away from sources of ignition.
– Do not inhale ceramic dust during finishing. Use suction equipment and a face mask.
– Observe the Safety Data Sheet (SDS).

Scientific data

Since the beginning of the development, the IPS e.max System has been monitored by the scientific community. Many
renowned experts have contributed to an excellent data base with their studies. The worldwide success story, the ever
growing demand, as well as over 100 million fabricated restorations are testament to the success and the reliability of the
system. More than 20 clinical in-vivo studies to date and even more in-vitro studies, as well as the continuously rising
­number of clinical studies throughout the world show the long-term success of the IPS e.max System in the oral cavities of
the patients. The most important study results are compiled in the "IPS e.max Scientific Report Vol. 02". Further scientific
data (i.e. strength, wear, biocompatibility) are contained in the Scientific Documentations of the IPS e.max products. They
can be obtained from Ivoclar Vivadent.

For further information about all-ceramics and IPS e.max, please refer to the Ivoclar Vivadent Report No. 16 and 17.
Detailed information about the cementation composite Variolink® Esthetic can be found in the "Ivoclar Vivadent Report
No. 22" and the Scientific Documentation. Multilink® Automix is covered in the "Scientific Report Vol. 02".

No. 22
July 2016

REPORT
Research and Development Ivoclar Vivadent AG, 9494 Schaan / Liechtenstein

Variolink Esthetic
®

The esthetic luting composite

SCIENTIFIC REPORT
Vol. 02 / 2001 – 2013
English
Scientific
Report
Vol. 02 / 2016

amic
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7
 Ingot concept

IPS e.max Press ingots are offered as polychromatic Multi ingots in one size, and as monochromatic ingots in five levels of
translucency (HO, MO, LT, MT, HT) and in special Impulse shades in two sizes.
From a processing point of view, basically all restorations can be fabricated of any ingot. For reasons of esthetics and the dental-lab protocol,
however, the following processing techniques and indications are recommended for the individual ingots (polychromatic, monochromatic,
translucency levels):

Translucency Processing technique Indications

Staining Cut-back Layering Occlusal Thin Veneer Inlay and Partial crown Anterior and 3-unit Hybrid abut- Hybrid
technique technique technique veneer 1) veneer 1) onlay posterior bridge2) ment abutment
crown crown

Multi

HT
High
Translucency

MT
Medium
Translucency

LT
Low
Translucency

MO
Medium
Opacity

HO
High
Opacity

I
Impulse

1)
The cut-back technique must not be used for the fabrication of thin veneers and occlusal veneers
2)
Only up to the second premolar as the distal abutment

8
 Product Information – IPS e.max® Press | Ingot Concept
IPS e.max Press Multi (polychromatic ingot)
The Multi ingots are available in A–D and Bleach BL shades. The ingots are used for the
fabrication of highly esthetic veneers, anterior and posterior crowns as well as hybrid
abutment crowns with a lifelike shade gradation from the dentin to the incisal. The ingots
are ideally suitable for processing in the "staining technique".

IPS e.max Press HT (High Translucency)

The HT ingots are available in A–D and Bleach BL shades. Given their high translucency,
which is similar to that of natural enamel, they are ideally suitable for the fabrication of
smaller restorations (e.g. inlays and onlays). Restorations made of HT ingots convince users
with their true-to-nature chameleon effect and the exceptional adaptation to the residual
tooth structure. Restorations made of HT ingots are ideally suitable for the "staining
technique", but also for the "cut-back technique".

IPS e.max Press MT (Medium Translucency)

The MT ingots are available in selected A–D and Bleach BL shades. They demonstrate
medium translucency and are used for restorations that require more brightness than HT
restorations and more translucency than LT restorations. Restorations made of MT ingots
are ideally suitable for the "staining technique", but also for the "cut-back technique".

IPS e.max Press LT (Low Translucency)

The LT ingots are available in A–D and Bleach BL shades. Given their low translucency,
which is similar to that of natural dentin, they are ideally suitable for the fabrication of
larger restorations (e.g. posterior crowns). Restorations made of LT ingots convince users
with their lifelike brightness value and chroma. This prevents the incorporated restorations
from greying. LT ingots are ideally suitable for processing in the "cut-back technique", but
they can also be used in the "staining technique".

IPS e.max Press MO (Medium Opacity)

The MO ingots are available in group shades MO 0 – MO 4. Given their opacity, they are
ideally suitable for the fabrication of frameworks on slightly discoloured preparations. The
anatomical shape is subsequently individually supplemented using IPS e.max Ceram.

IPS e.max Press HO (High Opacity)

The ingots are available in group shades HO 0 – HO 2. Given their high opacity, they are
ideally suitable for the fabrication of frameworks on severely discoloured preparations. The
anatomical shape is subsequently individually supplemented using IPS e.max Ceram.

IPS e.max Press Impulse

The Impulse ingots enable the fabrication of restorations with pronounced opalescent
properties. The opalescent ingots are available in two versions with different
brightness values (Opal 1, Opal 2). The ingots are suitable for veneers in light tooth
shades, for which an opalescent effect is needed.

You can find more detailed information about the available ingot sizes and shades in the Pre
Ingots ss
Over
Rohling view
"Press Ingot Overview" at www.ivoclarvivadent.com! s-Übersi
cht

9
 Ingot sizes

In general, IPS e.max Press ingots are available in three different sizes. The monochromatic ingots (HT, MT, LT, MO, HO and
Impulse) are available as small ingots and "L" ingots. The polychromatic IPS e.max Press Multi ingot is only available in one
ingot size.

Please note:
Only one ingot per investment ring may be used for pressing. Therefore, the ingot size suitable for the respective wax
weight must be selected for pressing.

Polychromatic Monochromatic

10
 Practical Procedure

Practical Procedure | Overview of the Clinical Working Steps, Fabrication Process

Overview of the Clinical Working Steps,
Fabrication Process
Working steps Ivoclar Vivadent products

OptraGate® Plus
Practice

Shade Determination, Preparation,

Die Shade, Impression Taking IPS Natural Die Material
®

Digital Press Design – Press Multi

Manually CAD/CAM 3D printing
Digital Press Design – Wax Tree
contoured generated generated
ProArt CAD Wax yellow,
press object press object press object
PrograMill

IPS e.max® Press ingots

Laboratory

IPS® (Multi) Investment System

Investing, pressing
IPS® PressVEST Premium
Programat® press furnaces

IPS e.max® Ceram layering materials

Staining Cut-back Layering
IPS Ivocolor Shades, Essences, Glaze
technique technique technique Programat® furnaces

IPS Ceramic Etching Gel

Preparing for cementation Monobond® Plus
Monobond Etch & Prime®

OptraGate®, OptraDam®
Variolink® Esthetic, Multilink Automix,
Cementation
SpeedCEM® Plus, Vivaglass CEM®,
Bluephase®
Practice

Checking the articulation/occlusion OptraFine®

Aftercare Proxyt®

11
 Processing techniques

Staining technique
In the staining technique, the full-contour wax-up is invested and
subsequently pressed. The restoration is completed with the help of
the Stain and Glaze firing.
The use of translucent IPS e.max Press ingots enables the
fabrication of very esthetic restorations on only slightly or non-
discoloured preparations with minimum effort.

Cut-back technique
In the cut-back technique, the wax-up is reduced in the incisal /
occlusal area, invested and subsequently pressed. The reduced
restoration is completed with the IPS e.max Ceram layering
ceramic. Finally, Stain and Glaze firing is conducted.

Layering technique
In the layering technique, a tooth-shape supporting framework
wax-up is invested and subsequently pressed. The restoration is
completed by supplementing the anatomical shape with IPS e.max
Ceram layering ceramic. Finally, Stain and Glaze firing is conducted.

Esthetics vs. expenditure of work when using different ingots /

processing techniques
(Example: anterior crown)
Taylor-made esthetics for the patient

Staining Cut-back Layering

technique technique technique

Manual expenditure of work / fabrication time

12
 Practical Procedure | Overview of the Clinical Working Steps – Processing Techniques | Ingot Selection with the IPS e.max® Shade Navigation App
Ingot selection using the IPS e.max® Shade Navigation App

Optimum shade and shape integration in the oral cavity of the patient is the prerequisite for a true-to-nature all-ceramic
restoration. Shade differences between the restoration and the natural residual dentition in particular, disturb the esthetic
appearance. To achieve optimum shade integration, the following guidelines and notes must be observed.

The overall esthetic appearance of an all-ceramic restoration is influenced by the following factors:

– Shade of the prepared tooth (natural tooth structure, die build-up, abutment, implant)
– Shade, translucency and layer thickness of the restoration (A1, A2, A3…, HT, MT, LT…, veneer, characterization)
– Shade of the cementation material.

Factors influencing the overall shade effect

Preparation Layer thickness Translucency Shade Shade Desired

shade Restoration Restoration Restoration Cementation tooth shade
material

Upon the fabrication of high-quality esthetic restorations, these influencing factors must be taken into consideration. After
all, only their interplay results in the overall shade effect. As the shade of the preparation and the layer thickness are usually
difficult of control, and the shade of the cementation material only minimally affects the overall shade effect, the selection
of the suitable translucency and shade of the IPS e.max ingot is of critical important.

The IPS e.max Shade Navigation App is used to determine the suitable ingots.

The IPS e.max Shade Navigation App is the intelligent block/ingot/disc selection app for Android
or iOS smartphones and tablets. The app takes all the important influential factors into account
and thus enables a very precise translucency and shade recommendation.

5 steps to find the suitable IPS e.max ingot:

1 Enter the tooth shade

(Determined/desired tooth shade according to the A-D Shade Guide)

Tips on shade determination:

The tooth shade is determined on the non-prepared tooth or
adjacent teeth after cleaning. Individual characteristics have to be
considered when determining the tooth shade. In order to
achieve as lifelike results as possible, shade determination should
be carried out at daylight. Furthermore, the patient should not
wear clothes with intensive colours and/or lipstick. For a flawless
reproduction of the determined tooth shade, taking an additional
digital photograph of the starting situation is recommended.

Another option for shade determination is provided by the

Programat® furnaces equipped with DSA function (Digital Shade
Assistant). The integrated image processing software compares
three preselected shade guide teeth with the tooth to be
analyzed and automatically indicates the closest matching tooth
shade. You can find additional information about this topic in
the corresponding Programat Operating Instructions.
13
 2 Enter the indication
(Veneer, inlay, etc.)

Tips on selecting the indication:

Not all possible indications are listed in the app. However, the following alternative indications can be
used to define a suitable ingot:

Non-listed indications Alternative indications
Bridge Crown
Partial crown Onlay
Occlusal veneer (table top) Onlay

There are no alternative indications available for hybrid abutment and hybrid abutment crown. The
material to be selected can be found in the corresponding Instructions for Use.

3 Enter the die shade

(Shade of the preparation defined with the IPS Natural Die Material shade guide)

Tips on determining the die shade:

The die shade is determined with the IPS Natural Die Material
shade guide at the largest, most discoloured area of the tooth
stump. If you are torn between two shades, always choose the
darker one.

The IPS Natural Die Material enables the fabrication of a model

die similar to the preparation of the patient, on the basis of
which the correct shade and brightness values of the all-ceramic
restorations may be selected.

Example of the die shade effect

ND 1 ND 2 ND 3 ND 4 ND 5 ND 6 ND 7 ND 8 ND 9

Restoration: Veneer (0.5 mm, IPS e.max® CAD HT B1)

Cementation material: Variolink® Esthetic neutral
Preparation shade: IPS® Natural Die Material, ND 1 – ND 9

14
 Practical Procedure | Ingot Selection with the IPS e.max® Shade Navigation App
4 Enter the layer thickness
(Preparation depth and/or wall thickness of the restoration to be fabricated)

Tips on determining the layer thickness:

Determine the layer thickness either manually with calipers or digitally with of the CAD software.
Crowns, veneers and copings are measured in the centre of the thinnest vestibular point. Inlays and
onlays at the thinnest occlusal point.

Manual determination of the layer thickness, in the centre of the thinnest, Digital determination of the layer thickness, in the centre of the thinnest,
vestibular area vestibular area

Example - Influence of layer thickness and translucency:

Restoration: left: Veneer (0.5 mm, IPS e.max® CAD HT B1);

right: Crown (1.5 mm, IPS e.max® CAD LT B1)
Cementation material: Variolink® Esthetic neutral
Preparation shade: IPS® Natural Die Material, ND 6

5 Enter the material

(IPS e.max CAD, IPS e.max Press, IPS e.max ZirCAD)

Tips on material selection:

If a field is highlighted in grey in the material selection, the material is not suitable for the respective
indication or layer thickness.

= Result for the suitable ingot

Tips on the result:

The visual presentation of the result, permits the comparison of the restoration shade with the A–D
shade guide to recognize any necessary shade adjustments well in advance.

More detailed information on the function and the procedure can be found under

www.ipsemax.com/sna or directly in the app.

15
 Preparation guidelines

Successful results can only be achieved with IPS e.max Press if the guidelines and minimum layer thicknesses are strictly
observed.

Basic preparation guidelines for all-ceramic restorations

– No angles or edges
– Shoulder preparation with rounded inner edges and/or chamfer preparation
– The indicated dimensions reflect the minimum thickness for IPS e.max Press restorations.

Shoulder preparation

Chamfer preparation
1.0 – 1.5

Occlusal veneer (table top)

1.0 1.0
− Reduce the anatomical shape and observe the stipulated minimum thickness.
1.0
–  Prepare a circular shoulder with rounded inner edges or a chamfer at an angle of
1.0 1.0
approximately 10° – 30°. Width of the circular shoulder/chamfer at least 1.0 mm.  
 − Reduce the crown third – in the occlusal area – by approx. 1.0 mm.

Thin veneers
– If possible, the preparation should be located in the enamel.
– The incisal preparation margins should not be located in the area of the abrasion
0.3
surfaces and dynamic occlusal surfaces.
– The minimum layer thickness of the thin veneer in the cervical and labial area is
0.3 mm. A restoration thickness of 0.4 mm must be planned at the incisal edge.
– If there is enough space, preparation is not necessary.
0.3

0.4

Veneer
– If possible, the preparation should be located in the enamel.
– The incisal preparation margins should not be located in the area of the abrasion
0.6
surfaces and dynamic occlusal surfaces.
– Reduce the cervical and/or labial area by 0.6 mm, and the incisal edge by at least
0.7 mm.
0.6

0.7

16
 Practical Procedure | Preparation Guidelines
Inlay
1.0 6° – Static and dynamic antagonist contacts must be taken into consideration.
– The preparation margins must not be located on centric antagonist contacts.
1.0
– A preparation depth of at least 1.0 mm and an isthmus width of at least 1.0 mm
must be observed in the fissure area.
– Prepare the proximal box with slightly diverging walls (preparation angle 6°) and
observe an angle of 100° – 120° between the proximal cavity walls and the
prospective proximal surfaces of the inlay. For inlays with pronounced convex
proximal surfaces without adequate support by the proximal shoulder, marginal
ridge contacts should be avoided.
– Round out internal edges and transitions in order to prevent stress concentration
100°-120° within the ceramic material.
– Do not prepare slice-cuts or feather edges.

Onlay
6° – Static and dynamic antagonist contacts must be taken into consideration.
1.0
1.0 – The preparation margins must not be located on centric antagonist contacts.
– A preparation depth of at least 1.0 mm and an isthmus width of at least 1.0 mm
must be observed in the fissure area.
– Prepare the proximal box with slightly diverging walls (preparation angle 6°) and
observe an angle of 100° – 120° between the proximal cavity walls and the pro-
spective proximal
surfaces of the onlay. For onlays with pronounced convex proximal surfaces
without adequate support by the proximal shoulder, marginal ridge contacts
should be avoided.
– Round out internal edges and transitions in order to prevent stress concentration
within the ceramic material.
– Do not prepare slice-cuts or feather edges.
– Provide at least 1.0 mm of space in the cusp areas.

Partial crown
1.0 1.0 – S tatic and dynamic antagonist contacts must be taken into
1.0
consideration.
1.0 – T he preparation margins must not be located on centric antagonist contacts.
1.0 – P rovide at least 1.0 mm of space in the cusp areas.
– P repare a circular shoulder with rounded inner edges or a chamfer at an angle of
approximately 10° – 30°. Width of the shoulder/chamfer at least 1.0 mm.

10–30°

17
 Minimally invasive anterior crown (adhesive cementation is mandatory)
−R  educe the anatomical shape and observe the stipulated minimum
layer thickness. Circular shoulder preparation with rounded inner
1.0 edges and/or pronounced chamfer preparation. Width of the
1.0 10–30°
circular shoulder/chamfer at least 1.0 mm.
– Reduce the incisal crown third by at least 1.0 mm.
1.0 1.0 – Reduce the vestibular and/or oral area by approx. 1.0 mm.

1.0

Minimally invasive posterior crown (adhesive cementation is mandatory)

1.0 1.0 −R  educe the anatomical shape and observe the stipulated minimum
1.0
layer thickness. Circular shoulder preparation with rounded inner
1.0 1.0 edges and/or pronounced chamfer preparation Width of the
10–30° circular shoulder/chamfer at least 1.0 mm.
1.0 1.0
– Reduce the occlusal crown third by at least 1.0 mm.
– Reduce the vestibular and/or oral area by at least 1.0 mm.

Anterior crown / bridge abutment in the anterior region

−R  educe the anatomical shape and observe the stipulated minimum
layer thickness. Prepare a circular shoulder with rounded inner
1.0 edges or a pronounced chamfer at an angle of approximately
1.0
10–30° 10° – 30°. Width of the circular shoulder/chamfer at least 1.0 mm.
– Reduce the incisal crown third by at least 1.5 mm.
1.2 1.2 – Reduce the vestibular and/or oral area by at least 1.2 mm.
– For conventional and/or self-adhesive cementation, the preparation
1.5 must demonstrate retentive surfaces and sufficient preparation
height.

Posterior crown / bridge abutment in the premolar region

1.5 1.5
−R  educe the anatomical shape and observe the stipulated minimum
1.5
layer thickness. Prepare a circular shoulder with rounded inner
1.5 1.5
edges or a pronounced chamfer at an angle of approximately
10–30° 10° – 30°. Width of the circular shoulder/chamfer at least 1.0 mm.
1.0 1.0
Preparation angle 6°.
6°
– Reduce the occlusal crown third by at least 1.5 mm.
– Reduce the vestibular and/or oral area by approx. 1.5 mm.
– For conventional and/or self-adhesive cementation, the preparation
must demonstrate retentive surfaces and sufficient preparation
height.

18
 Practical Procedure | Preparation Guidelines
Maximum width of bridge pontics in the anterior and premolar region

Occlusal force

9 mm 11 mm
Premolar area
up to the Anterior region
canine

Given the different masticatory forces, the maximum acceptable pontic width is different in the anterior and
premolar region.
The pontic width is determined on the unprepared tooth:
– In the anterior region the bridge pontic width should not exceed 11 mm.
– In the premolar region (canine up to the second premolar), the bridge pontic width should not exceed 9 mm.

19
 Minimum layer thicknesses

The restoration design is key to the success of durable all-ceramic restorations. The more attention given to the design, the
better the final results and the clinical success will turn out to be.
The following minimum layer thicknesses for the staining, cut-back as well as the layering technique must be
observed to achieve the tooth shade of the shade guide and meet the requirements put forth in the preparation
guidelines (page 16 – 19).

When using the IPS e.max Press Multi ingot, the minimum wall thickness should at least 1.0 mm, so that the
course of the layering (dentin/incisal) is visible in the restoration.

Staining technique
In the staining technique, no layering materials are applied on the IPS e.max Press restoration. The minimum thicknesses
thus refer to the layer thickness of IPS e.max Press.

The connector design for bridges should be extended in the vertical direction, rather than in the horizontal
direction. Especially in anterior bridges, it is not always possible to establish the necessary connector
dimensions in the sagittal (lingual-vestibular) direction. In such cases, the connector dimensions must always
be extended in the vertical (incisal-cervical) direction.

Minimum layer thickness of the IPS e.max® Press restoration in the staining technique (depending on the
indication)
Cementation Adhesive cementation is mandatory Adhesive, self-adhesive or
conventional cementation are optional.
Crown Bridge
Minimally invasive

posterior region

Premolar region
Posterior region
Occlusal veneer

Anterior region

Anterior region
Partial crown

crown in the
anterior and
Thin veneer

Veneer

Onlay
Inlay

Indication

Minimum layer thickness of IPS e.max Press – staining technique

1.0 1.0
incisal/occlusal 1.0 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
fissure depth fissure depth

1.0 1.0
circular 1.0 0.3 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.5
isthmus width isthmus width

Connector 16 mm2
– – – – – – – – – In general, the following
dimensions applies: Height ≥ Width

Dimensions in mm

incisal
min. 1.5 mm occlusal
min. 1.5 mm
Example:
Minimum layer thicknesses for anterior and posterior crowns circular
in the staining technique min. 1.2 mm circular
min. 1.5 mm

Failure to observe the stipulated framework design criteria and minimum thicknesses may result in clinical failures, such as
cracks, delamination, and fracture of the restoration.

20
 Practical Procedure | Minimum Layer Thicknesses
Cut-back and layering technique
In the cut-back technique or the layering technique, a reduced tooth shape-supporting framework is built-up to the full
tooth shape by means of IPS e.max Ceram layering materials. When designing the restoration, the following guidelines
regarding the IPS e.max Press framework and the IPS e.max Ceram veneer have to be observed:

– In large preparations and for veneered or partially veneered restorations, the excess available space must be
compensated by the corresponding dimensions of the high-strength IPS e.max Press component and not by the
IPS e.max Ceram layering material.
– If possible, the connector design should be extended in the vertical direction, rather than in the horizontal
direction. In particular in anterior bridges, it is not always possible to establish the necessary connector
dimensions in the sagittal (lingual-vestibular) direction. In such cases, the connector dimensions must always
be extended in the vertical (incisal-cervical) direction.

Minimum thicknesses of the ISP e.max Press framework (depending on the indication) in the cut-back and staining technique
Cementation Adhesive cementation is mandatory Adhesive, self-adhesive or conventional
cementation are optional.
Indication Occlusal Thin Veneer Inlay Onlay Partial Crown Bridge
veneer veneer crown
Anterior Posterior Anterior Premolar
region region region region
Minimum layer thickness of IPS e.max Press – cut-back technique

incisal/occlusal – – 0.4 – – 0.8 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.8

circular – – 0.6 – – 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.5

Minimum layer thickness of IPS e.max Press – layering technique

incisal/occlusal – – – – – – 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8

circular – – – – – – 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8

Design type – – – – – – supporting the tooth shape

lingual/palatal fully anatomic design

Connector 16 mm2
– – – – – – – – In general, the following applies:
dimensions Height ≥ Width

IPS e.max Press is the high-strength component of your restoration and must therefore always make up at least 50 % of
the total layer thickness of the restoration. The overall thickness of the restoration (depending on the indication) is derived
as follows:

Overall thickness of the restoration

0.8 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.0

Minimum framework thickness

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.6
IPS e.max Press
Maximum layer thickness of the veneer
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.4
with IPS e.max Ceram
Dimensions in mm

21
 Example: Example:
Minimum layer thicknesses for anterior and posterior crowns Minimum layer thicknesses for anterior and posterior crowns
in the cut-back technique in the layering technique

incisal min. 1.5 mm occlusal incisal min. 1.5 mm occlusal min. 1.5 mm
(veneer 0.7 mm min. 1.5 mm (veneer max. 0.7 mm (veneer 0.7 mm
+ framework 0.8 mm) (veneer max. 0.7 mm + framework 0.8 mm) + framework 0.8 mm)
+ framework
min. 0.8 mm)
circular
circular min. 1.2 mm circular min. 1.5 mm
min. 1.2 mm circular (veneer max. 0.6 mm (veneer max. 0.7 mm
min. 1.5 mm + framework min. 0.6 mm) + framework min.
0.8 mm)

Failure to observe the stipulated framework design criteria and minimum thicknesses may result in clinical failures, such as
cracks, delamination, and fracture of the restoration.

22
 Practical Procedure | Model and Die Preparation
Model and die preparation

Fabricate a working model with removable segments as usual. It is advisable to apply a sealer to hard the surface and to
protect the stone die, whereas the sealer must not cause volume changes to the stone die. After that, apply a spacer.
Please be aware of the fact that the expansion of the Ivoclar Vivadent investment materials is coordinated with the
following procedure.

– F or thin veneers, veneers, occlusal veneers (table tops), partial crowns, as well as single crowns, the
spacer is applied in two layers up to max. 1 mm from the preparation margin (spacer application 9-11 μm).
– For inlays and onlays, the spacer is applied in up to 3 layers and up to the preparation margin.
–A lso apply two layers for bridge constructions. Apply an additional layer at the intercoronal surfaces of the
abutments (towards the pontic). This measure helps prevent undesired friction.
– For restorations on abutments, the procedure is the same as that on natural preparations.

Marking the application/number of spacer layers to be applied:

single application double application tripple application

Thin veneer, veneer Partial crown, single crown (anterior tooth,

posterior tooth)

Two layers of spacer are applied up to max. 1 mm from the preparation margin. Two layers of spacer are applied up to max. 1 mm from the preparation margin.

Bridges (anterior region, posterior region) Inlays, onlays

Apply two layers of spacer up to 1 mm to the preparation margin and a third For inlays and onlays, the spacer is applied in up to 3 layers.
layer on the intercoronal surfaces.

23
 Practical Procedure
Contouring

After the fabrication of the model with detachable segments and the preparation of the dies, the restoration is contoured.
Use only organic waxes for contouring, since they fire without leaving residue. Contour the restoration in accordance with
the desired processing technique (staining, cut-back, or layering technique).
Please observe the following general notes for contouring:

– Observe the stipulated minimum layer thicknesses and connector dimensions of the respective indication and processing
technique.
– Exactly contour the restoration, particularly in the area of the preparation margins. Do not over-contour the preparation
margins, since this would require time-consuming and risky fitting procedures after pressing.
– For fully anatomical restorations, the possible occlusal relief must be taken into consideration as early as during the wax-
up, since the application of the Stains and Glaze results in slight increase in vertical dimensions.

A. Contouring for the staining technique

Design the restoration to full anatomical contour so that it only requires characterization and glazing after pressing. The
further procedure depends on the choice of ingot.

Contouring Using the polychromatic Multi ingots

continue on page 27

Using the monochromatic ingots

continue on page 42

Full-contour anterior mandibular crown Full-contour anterior maxillary crown

Full-contour inlay and onlay Full-contour posterior crown

24
 Practical Procedure | Contouring
B. Contouring for the (wax) cut-back technique
In a first step, the restoration is given fully
Contouring
anatomical contours. Then, the cut-back of the
wax-up (before investment) is carried out. In
this way, the cut-back technique enables the Next working step
fabrication of highly esthetic restorations in a
continue on page 62
very efficient manner.

Fully anatomical wax-up. To better check the layer thickness, the use of a basic wax of another colour is recommended.

The following points should be observed for the reduction of the wax-up:
– Reduce the contouring in the incisal third
– Do not design extreme mamelons (points and edges)
– Check the cut-back with a silicone key
– The minimum thicknesses (pressed material, layering material) must be observed

Fabricate a silicone key for the fully anatomical restoration Reduction of the contouring in the incisal third

Refrain from designing extreme contours in mamelons. Reduction of the oral surfaces is not required.

25
 C. Contouring for the layering technique
Design the frameworks in accordance with the
Contouring
available space.
The design must support the shape and the cusps
in order to ensure even layer thickness of the
veneering ceramic. Next working step

continue on page 69

Single crowns

The contouring must always support the shape and cusps. Always observe minimum thicknesses.

Height ≥ Width

Always observe the relation between width and height as well as the suitable
dimensions when designing the connectors.
Width
In general, the following applies: Height ≥ Width

The contouring must always support the shape and cusps. Observe minimum framework thicknesses. The palatal/lingual area of the framework is given a fully anatomical design.

26
Practical Procedure

Practical Procedure | Using IPS e.max® Press Multi Polychromatic Ingots

Using the polychromatic ingots

IPS e.max Press Multi provides the possibility to fabricate monolithic, polychromatic restorations in an efficient way. The
newly developed and patented processing technique with special wax-up method enables the "transfer" of the shade
gradation of the ingot to the restoration.

This chapter will describe the processing technique of the IPS e.max Press Multi from the available wax-up to the pressed
object.

To process the IPS e.max Press Multi, the respective processing accessories as well as the special press program of the
Ivoclar Vivadent Programat® furnaces are to be used.

Form B
Form A
IPS Multi Wax Pattern Form A and Form B
Prefabricated precision wax patterns for sprueing the wax-up in the
IPS Multi Investment Ring Base 200 g
The special shape of the IPS Multi Wax Pattern is decisive for the
correct press procedure of the IPS e.max Press Multi. Form A or
Form B is used depending on the restoration.

IPS Multi Investment Ring

Base 200g

IPS Multi Investment Ring Base 200 g

Investment ring base for the processing of IPS e.max Press Multi.
To complete the investment ring, the IPS Ring Gauge 200 g and the
IPS Silicone Ring 200 g are used.

IPS Multi Sprue Guide 200 g

IPS Multi Sprue Guide 200 g
The IPS Multi Sprue Guide 200 g helps to check the correct sprueing
of the objects to be pressed on the IPS Multi Investment Ring Base
200 g.

IPS Multi One-Way Plunger 200 g IPS Multi One-Way Plunger 200 g

Special one-way plunger, which is used in addition to the IPS Alox

plunger for pressing the IPS e.max Press Multi.

Press program for Programat® EP 3000/5000, EP 3010/5010

A specifically developed press program or the Fully automatic Press
IPS e.max® Press
Function (FPF) for IPS e.max Press has to be used to press IPS e.max
Press Multi ingots.
More information on software updates can be found at
www.ivoclarvivadent.com/downloadcenter

Programat EP 3000 Programat EP 5000 Programat EP 3010 Programat EP 5010

27
 Sprueing

In contrast to the procedure for pressing monochromatic ingots, the waxed-up objects are laterally sprued on the invest-
ment ring base. Please observe the following procedure for sprueing the wax-up:

− Select the suitable IPS Multi Wax Pattern depending on the restoration:
• IPS Multi Wax Pattern Form A (green) = for larger restorations, such as maxillary anterior crowns, premolar crowns,
molar crowns as well as hybrid abutment crowns.
• IPS Multi Wax Pattern Form B (pink) = for delicate restorations or in very narrow preparations, such as mandibular
anterior crowns

− Leave the wax-up on the model die while sprueing the restoration to avoid damaging the restoration margins.
− Important: In principle, do not alter the geometry of the IPS Multi Wax Pattern by removing or adding wax.
– Apply a small drop of (soft) positioning wax on the side of the IPS Multi Wax Pattern.
– Align the IPS Multi Wax Pattern with its small, conical side towards the occlusal and/or incisal area and press against the
wax object. The Wax Pattern can be secured in the mesial or distal area of the restoration. Observe the following
guidelines for further alignment of the IPS Multi Wax Pattern with the wax-up:
– Align the wax-up vertically with the centre of the IPS Multi Wax Pattern.
– Align the longitudinal axes of the restoration and the IPS Multi Wax Pattern in such a way that they are parallel.
– Align the sprueing of anteriors and premolars with the labial or buccal surface so that the shade gradation in the
visible area is optimal.
– To achieve a true-to-nature shade gradation for molar crowns, place the sprue on the mesio-buccal surface.
– Use the pink IPS Multi Wax Pattern Form B for delicate restorations and align it with the labial or buccal surface so that
the inflowing ceramic does not impact the die directly.

− After aligning the IPS Multi Wax Pattern, the gap to the wax-up is closed with a little modelling wax in such a way that
no "thickened" area results. Attention must be paid to the restoration margin so as not to damage it.
− Important: The basal transition between the IPS Multi Wax Pattern and the wax-up is given a rounded design so that no
sharp investment material edges are produced during investment. The sharp edges may break when the ceramic flows
into the wax-up.

Basic notes on sprueing

Use the IPS Multi Wax Pattern Form A for veneers, anterior and posterior crowns Use the IPS Multi Wax Pattern Form B for delicate crowns on very narrow
as well as for hybrid abutment crowns. preparations, e.g. mandibular anterior crowns.

Align the wax-up vertically with the centre of the IPS Multi Wax Pattern, irrespective of the Align the IPS Multi Wax Pattern with its more narrow, conical side with the occlusal and/
size and type. Align the longitudinal axes of the wax-up and the IPS Multi Wax Pattern in or incisal area. Apply a small drop of (soft) positioning wax on the side of the IPS Multi Wax
such a way that they are parallel. Pattern.

28
 Practical Procedure | Using IPS e.max® Press Multi Polychromatic Ingots
Sprueing may basically be performed from the mesial or distal. Apply a small drop of Align the IPS Multi Wax Pattern with the labial surface in such a way that the inflowing
(soft) positioning wax on the side of the IPS Multi Wax Pattern. Press the restoration ceramic does not impact the die directly.
slightly against the soft wax.

After aligning the IPS Multi Wax Pattern, close the gap to the wax-up with a little Attention must be paid to the restoration margin so as not to damage it.
modelling wax in such a way that no "thickened" area results.

Important note: Give the basal transition between the IPS Multi Wax Pattern and the Close the gap between the IPS Multi Wax Pattern and the wax-up with a little modelling wax
wax-up a rounded design so that no sharp investment material edges are produced during in such a way that no "thickened" area results. In exceptional cases, this area of the Wax
investment. The sharp edges may break when the ceramic flows into the wax-up. Pattern may be rounded out.

Do not place the IPS Multi Wax Pattern in such a way that the imagined extension points directly onto the die.
29
 Sprueing an anterior tooth

Attach the IPS Multi Wax Pattern Form A with its Close the gap between the IPS Multi Wax Pattern
tapered side towards the incisal as an "extension" and the wax-up with a little modelling wax in such
of the labial surface of the wax-up. Pay attention to a way that no "thickened" area results. If necessary,
the crown margin. round out the basal corner of the Wax Pattern.

Sprueing an anterior tooth with a "delicate die"

Attach the IPS Multi Wax Pattern Form B with Close the gap between the IPS Multi Wax Pattern
its tapered side towards the incisal as an and the wax-up with a little modelling wax in such a
"extension" of the labial surface of the wax-up. way that no "thickened" area results.
Pay attention to the crown margin.

Sprueing a veneer

Attach the IPS Multi Wax Pattern Form A with its Close the gap between the IPS Multi Wax Pattern Do not sprue the veneer from the labial side.
tapered side towards the incisal as an "extension" and the wax-up with a little modelling wax in such a
of the labial surface of the wax-up. Pay attention to way that no "thickened" area results.
the preparation margin.

Sprueing a premolar

Align the wax-up vertically with the centre of the Attach the IPS Multi Wax Pattern to the proximal Close the gap between the IPS Multi Wax Pattern
IPS Multi Wax Pattern Form A. Align the area from the mesial in alignment with the labial and the wax-up with a little modelling wax in such a
longitudinal axes of the restoration and the surface. way that no "thickened" area results. In exceptional
IPS Multi Wax Pattern in such a way that they are cases, this area of the Wax Pattern may be rounded
parallel. out.

30
 Practical Procedure | Using IPS e.max® Press Multi Polychromatic Ingots
Sprueing a molar

Attach the IPS Multi Wax Pattern Form A To achieve a lifelike shade gradation of the buccal Close the gap between the IPS Multi Wax Pattern
vertically to the centre of the crown. The narrower surface, attach the IPS Multi Wax Pattern Form A to and the wax-up with a little modelling wax in such
side of the Wax Pattern points toward the occlusal. the mesio-buccal side. a way that no "thickened" area results. If necessary,
round out the basal corner of the Wax Pattern.

Sprueing a hybrid abutment crown

Attach the IPS Multi Wax Pattern Form A To achieve a lifelike shade gradation of the buccal or Close the gap between the IPS Multi Wax Pattern
vertically to the centre of the crown. The narrower labial surface, attach the IPS Multi Wax Pattern Form and the wax-up with a little modelling wax in such
side of the Wax Pattern points toward the occlusal. A to the vestibular side. a way that no "thickened" area results. If necessary,
round out the basal corner of the Wax Pattern.

31
 Preparing for investment

The IPS Multi Investment Ring Base 200 g must be used for investment. Please observe the following notes when
attaching the sprued restoration to the IPS Multi Investment Ring Base 200 g with wax:

– Seal the unused openings in the investment ring base with wax with excess. If too little wax is used, difficulties
(cracks) may develop when removing the investment ring base from the set investment material.
− Determine the weight of the IPS Multi Investment Ring Base and note.
– Apply a small drop of (soft) positioning wax into the openings in the investment ring base to be used.
− Insert the IPS Multi Wax Pattern with the sprued wax-up in the opening of the investment ring base. The incisal edge
and/or occlusal surface of the wax-up must face the investment ring base.
– Check the position of the sprueing using the IPS Multi Sprue Guide 200 g. The wax-up must be located within the
marked area. With large wax objects, it may be necessary to shorten the IPS Multi Wax Pattern so it is flush with the
Sprue Guide (see below). The length of the IPS Multi Wax Pattern between the wax-up and the IPS Multi
Investment Ring Base must be at least 3 mm.
− Note: Restorations with a width of more than 12 mm cannot be positioned in the defined area and may therefore not
be pressed using IPS e.max Press Multi.
– Close the gap between the IPS Multi Wax Pattern and the IPS Multi Investment Ring Base with a little wax to prevent the
investment material to flow into the gap.
– Weigh the loaded IPS Multi Investment Ring Base again and calculate the wax weight from the difference between the
empty and the loaded investment ring base.
− The maximum wax weight is 1.0 g.

Seal the unused openings in the investment ring base with wax with excess. Insert the IPS Multi Wax Pattern with the sprued wax-up in the opening of the investment
ring base. The incisal edge and/or occlusal surface of the wax-up must face the investment
ring base.

min. 3 mm

Correct positioning Incorrect positioning.

Align the wax-up with the help of the IPS Multi Sprue Guide 200 g. The length of the IPS Wax-up is positioned too close to the investment ring base.
Multi Wax Pattern between the wax-up and the IPS Multi Investment Ring Base must be
at least 3 mm. Check, e.g. with a 3 mm wax wire.
32
 Practical Procedure | Using IPS e.max® Press Multi Polychromatic Ingots
Attach the wax-up to the IPS Multi Investment Ring Base 200 g using the IPS Multi Wax Pattern. Check the correct positioning with the IPS Sprue Guide 200 g.

Close the gap between the IPS Multi Wax Pattern and the IPS Multi Investment Ring Base Prepared investment ring base with sprued wax-up and sealed, unused opening.
with a little wax in such a way that no "thickened" area results.

33
 Optional

Shifting the sprueing at the investment ring base to increase the incisal area
By shifting the restoration connected to the IPS Multi Wax Pattern along the IPS Multi Investment Ring Base, the incisal
proportion of the pressed restoration can be increased.
Below are explanations with the help of a diagram regarding the "more incisal" procedure:

max. 2 mm

Neutral position "More incisal"

Neutral position – Course of the incisal/dentin area Restorations with increased incisal proportion
according to the A – D material shade guide
– Attach the wax-up to the centre of the IPS Multi Wax
– Attach the wax-up to the centre of the IPS Multi Wax Pattern.
Pattern. – Shift the IPS Multi Wax Pattern downward along the
– Slide the IPS Multi Wax Pattern into the opening of the IPS Multi Investment Ring Base towards the bottom of
IPS Multi Investment Ring Base and secure with wax. the ring. Maximum shift:
2 mm.
max. 2 mm

– The IPS Multi Wax Pattern

has to be cut to size
according to the shift.

3 mm

– Seal the openings in the IPS Investment Ring Base above

the IPS Multi Wax Pattern with wax.

Note: if all the restorations are shifted,

the acceptable wax weight is reduced.

Shift [mm] Max. wax weight [g]

0 1.0
0.5 0.95
1.0 0.9
1.5 0.85
2.0 0.8

34
 Practical Procedure | Using IPS e.max® Press Multi Polychromatic Ingots
Investing

Investing is carried out with IPS PressVEST Premium. The corresponding IPS Silicone Ring 200 g with
the matching IPS Ring Gauge 200 g, together with the IPS Multi Investment Ring Base 200 g are
used for investment. For further details on the processing of the investment materials, please refer
to page 44 et seq.

Given the position of the secured wax-up in the investment ring base, there is a risk of air being trapped in the occlusal
surface as well as in the screw channel of hybrid abutment crowns. Please observe the following procedure:
– Before mounting the IPS Silicone Ring 200 g, carefully apply a little investment material on the occlusal surface and/or
the screw channel using a brush.
– Use a suitable instrument for the fine investment of the cavity (e.g. brush). Make sure that the delicate wax margins are
not damaged. Note: To prevent die fractures during pressing of very delicate dies, the placement of a ZrO2 pin in the
cavity during investment is recommended.
– Carefully place the IPS Silicone Ring 200 g on the IPS Multi Investment Ring Base. Make sure that the ring is flush with
the investment ring base. Note: The silicone ring must be clean and dry when used. Do not spray with separators,
solvents or relaxants that contain oil.
− Pour the investment material slowly into the investment ring, so that the material can continuously fill the investment
ring.
– Fill the investment ring up to the marking and position the IPS Ring Gauge with a hinged movement.
– Press the ring gauge on the IPS Silicone Ring until it stops. Excess investment material escapes through the opening.
– Allow the investment ring to set without manipulating it.

Prepared IPS Multi Investment Ring Base with wax-attached wax-up. Carefully apply a little investment material on the occlusal surface and/or the screw channel
of a hybrid abutment crown using a brush.

Carefully fill the cavities with investment material using a Carefully place the IPS Silicone Ring 200 g on the IPS Multi Pour the investment material slowly into the investment
suitable instrument (e.g. brush). Investment Ring Base 200 g. Make sure that the ring is ring, so that the material can continuously fill the
flush with the investment ring base. investment ring.

Fill the investment ring up to the marking and position the IPS Ring Gauge with a hinged movement. Excess investment material escapes through the opening. Allow the investment
ring to set without manipulating it.
35
 Preheating

After the stipulated setting time of the investment material (IPS PressVEST Premium), the investment ring is prepared for
preheating as follows:

− Remove the IPS Ring Gauge with a turning movement.

− Carefully push the investment ring out of the IPS Silicone Ring.
− Remove the IPS Investment Ring Base with a turning movement.
– Remove rough spots on the bottom surface of the investment ring with a plaster knife. Check the 90° angle. Investment
material residue must not enter the sprues. Blow into the sprues if necessary.
– If several investment rings are preheated together, mark them accordingly.
− Place the investment ring in the preheating furnace with the opening facing down.
− Switch on the press furnace in time so that the self-test and preheating phase are completed by the time the press
procedure is imminent.

Remove the IPS Ring Gauge with a turning movement. Carefully push the investment ring out of the IPS Silicone Remove the IPS Investment Ring Base with a turning
Ring. movement.

Place the investment ring in the pre-drying furnace with the opening facing down. Do not preheat the IPS e.max Press Multi ingot, IPS Alox plunger and IPS Multi One-Way
Plunger.

Switch on the press furnace (e.g. Programat EP 5010) in time so that the self-test and preheating phase
are completed.
36
 Practical Procedure | Using IPS e.max® Press Multi Polychromatic Ingots
IPS PressVest Premium IPS PressVest Premium
Conventional preheating Speed procedure

Setting time min. 30 min, max. 12 hrs min. 30 min, max. 45 min

Temperature of the preheating furnace 850 °C / 1562 °F; switch on the

Room temperature
when placing the investment ring preheating furnace in time.

Position of the investment ring in the

with the opening facing down with the opening facing down
preheating furnace

Final temperature for preheating the

850°C / 1562°F 850°C / 1562°F
investment ring

Holding time of the investment ring at 100-g investment ring: min. 45 min. 100-g investment ring: min. 45 min.
final temperature 200-g investment ring: min. 60 min. 200-g investment ring: min. 60 min.

IPS e.max Press Multi ingot

IPS Multi One-Way Plunger no preheating

IPS Alox Plunger

37
 Pressing

Carry out the following preparatory steps for pressing before the preheating cycle for the investment ring has been
completed:

– Provide a cold IPS Multi One-Way Plunger, a cold IPS Alox Plunger and a cold IPS e.max Press Multi ingot in the desired
shade.
− Turn on the press furnace (e.g. Programat EP 5010) in time so that the self-test and preheating phase are completed.
– Select the press program for IPS e.max Press Multi.
– Remove the investment ring from the preheating furnace immediately after completion of the preheating cycle and
proceed as follows: This step may take max. 30 seconds to prevent the investment ring from cooling down too much.
− Place the cold IPS e.max Press Multi ingot into the hot investment ring, with the rounded, non-imprinted side facing
forward. The imprinted side faces up to check the ingot shade. Then position the cold IPS Multi One-Way Plunger and
finally the cold IPS Alox plunger in the investment ring.
– Place the loaded investment ring in the centre of the preheated press furnace.
− Press START to start the selected IPS e.max Press Multi program.

Press parameters for IPS e.max Press Multi

To press IPS e.max Press Multi ingots, select the Fully automatic Press Function (FPF) or the IPS e.max Press Multi
program.

After the end of the press cycle (optical and/or acoustic signal) proceed as follows:
– Remove the investment ring from the press furnace using the Investment Ring Tongs immediately after pressing.
– Place the investment ring on a cooling grid to cool in a place protected from draft.
– Do not speed up cooling, e.g. by blasting with compressed air.

38
 Practical Procedure | Using IPS e.max® Press Multi Polychromatic Ingots
Provide a cold IPS Multi One-Way Plunger, a cold IPS Alox Plunger and a cold Place the cold IPS e.max Press Multi ingot into the hot investment ring, with the rounded,
IPS e.max Press Multi ingot in the desired shade and select the press program for non-imprinted side facing forward. The imprinted side faces up to check the ingot shade.
IPS e.max Press Multi.

Place the cold IPS e.max Press Multi One-Way Plunger into the hot investment ring, with Place the cold IPS Alox Plunger in the hot investment ring.
the rounded side facing forward.

Place the loaded hot investment ring in the centre of the preheated press furnace using Once the press program is completed, place the hot investment ring on the cooling grid using
the investment ring tongs. Press START to start the IPS e.max Press Multi program. the investment ring tongs and allow it to cool to room temperature.

39
 Divesting

After cooling to room temperature (approximately 60 minutes), the investment ring may show cracks, which developed
during the cooling phase (immediately around the IPS Alox plunger),

Divest the investment ring as follows:

– Mark the cooled-down investment ring at a distance of 30 mm from the bottom surface
− Note: If the restorations were invested with a shift towards "more incisal", the marking has to be placed further towards
the Alox plunger.
– Separate the investment ring using a separating disc. This predetermined breaking point enables reliable separation of
the investment ring.
– Break the investment ring at the predetermined breaking. This step also destroys the IPS Multi One-Way Plunger.
– Always use polishing beads to divest the pressed objects (rough and fine divestment). Do not use Al2O3.
– Rough divestment is carried out with polishing beads at 4 bar (58 psi) pressure.
– Fine divestment is carried out with polishing beads at 2 bar (29 psi) pressure.
− Observe the blasting direction and distance to prevent damage to the object margins during divestment.
mm
. 30
min

Separate the investment ring at a distance of at least 30 mm from the bottom ... and break it at the predetermined breaking point.
surface using a separating disc...

Rough divesting with polishing jet medium at 4 bar pressure until the objects become visible.

40
 Practical Procedure | Using IPS e.max® Press Multi Polychromatic Ingots
Fine divestment is carried out with polishing beads at 2 bar (29 psi) pressure. Completely divested IPS e.max Press Multi objects

Next working step … Removing the reaction layer page 50

41
 Practical Procedure
Using the monochromatic ingots

Sprueing

Please observe the following notes when attaching the sprues to the wax-up:

– Depending on the number of objects to be invested, either the 100-g or 200-g IPS Investment Ring System is selected.
Bridges must only be pressed in the 200 g IPS Investment Ring System. Before sprueing, weigh the ring base and record
the weight (seal the opening of the ring base with wax).
– Please note that the mixing ratio of the investment material is different for the various restoration types, e.g. inlays,
crowns). For that reason, not all restorations may be sprued and invested with each other.
− Always attach the sprues in the direction of flow of the ceramic and at the thickest part of the wax-up so that smooth
flowing of the viscous ceramic during pressing is enabled.
− Observe a distance of at least 10 mm between the wax objects and silicone ring.
– The maximum length (wax objects + sprue) of 16 mm must not be exceeded.
– Attach the sprued restoration at the "edge" of the investment ring base.
– If the 100 g IPS Investment Ring System is used, a somewhat steeper sprueing angle to the ring base must be observed.
– Correct sprueing is checked using the IPS Sprue Guide.
– If only one object is invested and pressed in an EP500 furnace, a second short (blind) sprue must be placed. This ensures
that the switch-off function of the furnace works properly at the end of the pressing procedure.

Sprueing with the IPS Investment Ring System, 100 g

min. 10 mm
max. 16 mm

min.
10 mm

3 – 8 mm

Inlay

Sprueing with the IPS Investment Ring System, 200 g

min. 10 mm min. 10 mm
max. 16 mm
max. 16 mm

min. min.
10 mm 10 mm
mm

mm
3 – 8

3 – 8

45 – 60° 45 – 60°

Inlay Veneers, Anterior Crowns

min. 10 mm min. 10 mm
max. 16 mm

max. 16 mm

min. min.
10 mm 10 mm
 mm
 mm

 8

45 – 60°
3 – 8

3 –

45 – 60°

Onlays, Molar Crowns Anterior Bridges

42
 Practical Procedure | Using the IPS e.max® Press Monochromatic Ingots
Single tooth restorations 3-unit bridges

Investment ring base 100 g and 200 g only 200 g

Wax wire Ø 2.5 – 3 mm 2.5 – 3 mm

Length of the wax wire min. 3 mm, max. 8 mm min. 3 mm, max. 8 mm

Length of the wax wire including

max. 15–16 mm max. 15–16 mm
waxed-up object

Sprue attachment point at the on both bridge abutments,

thickest part of the wax-up
waxed-up object no sprue at the bridge pontic

Sprue angle to the waxed-up

axial axial
object

Sprue angle to the ring base 45 – 60° 45 – 60°

rounded and slightly tapered, rounded and slightly tapered,

Design of the attachment points
no angles or edges no angles or edges

Distance between the objects min. 3 mm min. 3 mm

Distance to the silicone ring min. 10 mm min. 10 mm

If only one object is invested,

a second short (blind) sprue must be
placed. This ensures that the switch-
Important (applies to the EP 500)
off function of the furnace works
properly at the end of the pressing
procedure.

43
 Investing

Investment is carried out with IPS PressVEST Premium (conventional or speed procedure). The corresponding IPS Silicone
Ring with the matching ring gauge is used for investment.
Determine the weight of the object before investing:
– Position the wax objects on the ring base and attach them with wax and weigh.
– The difference between the empty and the loaded ring base is the definitive wax weight.

small ingot large ingot (L)

Wax weight up to max. 0.75 g up to max. 1.7 g

Investment Ring System 100 g and 200 g only 200 g

Please refer to the Instructions for Use of the corresponding investment material for the detailed processing parameters.
The following basic procedure is recommended:
− Do not use a debubblizer on the wax objects.
– The processing temperature of the investment material is 18 – max. 23 °C / 64 °F – max. 73 °F. Higher or lower
processing temperatures substantially affect the setting behaviour.
– Mix the investment material. Note: The investment material contains quartz powder. Therefore, avoid the inhalation of
dust.
– Use a suitable instrument for the fine investment of the cavity (e.g. a small brush). Make sure that the delicate wax
margins are not damaged.
– Carefully place the IPS Silicone Ring on the ring base without damaging the wax objects. The silicone ring must sit flush
on the ring base. Note: The silicone ring must be clean and dry when used. Do not spray with separators, solvents or
debubblizers that contain oil.
– Carefully fill the investment ring with investment material up to the marking and position the ring gauge with a hinged
movement.
– Allow the investment ring to set without manipulating it.
– The invested ring must be further processed after a setting time of 12 hours at the latest to prevent crystallization of the
IPS PressVEST Premium investment material.
− If IPS PressVEST Premium is used in the speed procedure, make sure that the investment ring is placed in the preheating
furnace after a setting time of at least 30 and a maximum of 45 minutes after beginning of mixing (from first powder/
liquid contact).

Investment material: Liquid concentration and quantity

IPS PressVEST Premium
100 g powder 200 g powder
Indication Liquid: dist. water Liquid: dist. water

IPS e.max Press

Crown, veneer 18 ml : 8 ml 36 ml : 16 ml

Inlay/onlay 16 ml : 10 ml 31 ml : 21 ml

3-unit bridge – 36 ml : 16 ml

Hybrid abutments, hybrid abutment

22 ml : 4 ml 44 ml : 8 ml
crowns
Mixing time (under vacuum at approx.
90 seconds
350 rpm)

Liquid concentration: The data contained in the table are approximative values. Depending on the geometry of the Ti
base and the materials used for the wax-up, these values may be individually changed. However, the concentrated Liquid
content must not be lower than 50% in relation to distilled water.
Important: The total quantity of liquid (Liquid + dist. water) must not be altered.

44
 Practical Procedure | Using the IPS e.max® Press Monochromatic Ingots
Preheating

After the stipulated setting time of the investment material (IPS PressVEST Premium), the investment ring is prepared for
preheating as follows:
– Remove the ring gauge and ring base with a turning movement.
− Carefully push the investment ring out of the IPS Silicone Ring.
– Remove rough spots on the bottom surface of the investment ring with a plaster knife. Check the 90° angle. Investment
material residue must not enter the sprues. Blow into the sprues if necessary.
– If several investment rings are preheated together, mark them with the respective ingot shade.

IPS PressVest Premium IPS PressVest Premium

Conventional preheating Speed procedure

Setting time min. 30 min, max. 12 hrs min. 30 min, max. 45 min

Temperature of the preheating furnace 850 °C / 1562 °F; switch on the

Room temperature
when placing the investment ring preheating furnace in time.

Position of the investment ring in the Towards the rear wall, tipped with the Towards the rear wall, tipped with the
preheating furnace opening facing down opening facing down

Final temperature for preheating the

850 °C / 1562 °F 850 °C / 1562 °F
investment ring

Holding time of the investment ring at 100-g investment ring: min. 45 min. 100-g investment ring: min. 45 min.
final temperature 200-g investment ring: min. 60 min. 200-g investment ring: min. 60 min.

IPS e.max Press ingots

no preheating
IPS Alox Plunger

If several Speed investments are to be

conducted (e.g. 2 x 200g investment
rings), they should be invested
consecutively and placed into the pre-
heating furnace at an interval of
approx. 20 minutes. When placing the
Important
investment rings in the preheating
furnace, make sure that the furnace
temperature does not drop substantially.
The stipulated holding time counts
from the point when the preheating
temperature has been reached again.

Place the investment ring towards the rear wall, tipped with the opening facing down. Do not preheat the IPS e.max Press ingot and Alox Plunger.

In order to ensure smooth working procedures in the laboratory on a daily basis, impeccable functioning of the
infrastructure, particularly the preheating furnaces, is essential. This includes their maintenance, cleaning with a vacuum
cleaner in a cool state as well as regular checks of the temperature controls and heating elements, etc., by the
manufacturer.
45
 Pressing

Carry out the following preparatory steps for pressing before the preheating cycle for the investment ring has been
completed:
– Provide a cold IPS Alox Plunger and a cold IPS e.max Press ingot in the desired shade (observe the IPS e.max Shade
Navigation App).
– Dip the cold IPS Alox Plunger into the opening of the IPS Alox Plunger Separator and keep it ready for use.
– Turn on the press furnace (e.g. Programat EP 5010) in time so that the self-test and preheating phase are completed.
– Select the press program for IPS e.max Press with the desired level of translucency and the desired investment ring size.

Remove the investment ring from the preheating furnace immediately after completion of the preheating cycle. This step
may take max. 30 seconds to prevent the investment ring from cooling down too much.
– Place the cold IPS e.max Press ingot into the hot investment ring.
− Insert the ingots in the investment ring with the rounded, non-imprinted side facing down. The imprinted side faces up
to check the ingot shade.
– Place the side of the cold IPS Alox Plunger which has been coated with powder into the hot investment ring.
– Use the investment ring tongs to place the loaded investment ring in the centre of the hot press furnace.
− The selected press program is started by pressing START.

After the end of the press cycle (optical and/or acoustic signal) proceed as follows:
– Remove the investment ring from the press furnace using the Investment Ring Tongs immediately after pressing.
– Place the investment ring on a cooling grid to cool in a place protected from draft.
– Do not speed up cooling, e.g. by blasting with compressed air.

100 g Investment Ring 200 g Investment Ring

1 small ingot
Single tooth restorations 1 small ingot or
1 large ingot

3-unit bridges max. 1 large ingot

IPS e.max Press ingots

cold plunger
IPS Alox Plunger

IPS Alox Plunger Separator ✓ ✓

Select one large or one small ingot according to the determined wax weight!

Provide a cold isolated IPS Alox Plunger and a cold IPS e.max Press ingot in the desired Place the cold IPS e.max Press ingot into the hot investment ring, with the shade imprint
shade. facing upward.

46
 Practical Procedure | Using the IPS e.max® Press Monochromatic Ingots
Then, place the powder-coated IPS Alox Plunger into hot investment ring. Place the hot and loaded investment ring in the centre of the hot press furnace using the
IPS Investment Ring Tongs.

Press START to start the selected program. Once the press program is completed, place the hot investment ring on the cooling grid
using the investment ring tongs and allow it to cool to room temperature.

Select the press program in accordance with the desired ingot to be pressed and the investment ring size for
the respective furnace. Press parameters see page 82.

47
 Divesting

After cooling to room temperature (approximately 60 minutes), the investment ring

may show cracks. These cracks developed during cooling (immediately around the Alox
plunger), as a result of the different CTEs of the various materials (Alox plunger,
investment material, press ingot). They do not compromise the press results.

Divest the investment ring as follows:

− Mark the length of the Alox plunger on the cooled investment ring.
– Separate the investment ring using a separating disc. This predetermined breaking
point enables reliable separation of the Alox plunger and the ceramic material.
– Break the investment ring at the predetermined breaking point using a plaster knife.
– Always use polishing beads to divest the pressed objects (rough and fine divest-
ment). Do not use Al2O3.
– Rough divestment is carried out with polishing beads at 4 bar (58 psi) pressure.
– Fine divestment is carried out with polishing beads at 2 bar (29 psi) pressure.
– Observe the blasting direction and distance to prevent damage to the object margins
Mark the length of the Alox Plunger.
during divestment.
– Remove possible ceramic residue from the Alox Plunger with type 100 Al2O3.

Separate the investment ring using a separating disc and break it at the predetermined breaking point.

Pull out the plunger with pliers from the separated segment using
a rotating movement. This also removes any possible ceramic
residue from the Alox plunger.

48
 Practical Procedure | Using the IPS e.max® Press Monochromatic Ingots
Rough divesting with polishing jet medium at 4 bar pressure until the objects become visible.

Fine divestment is carried out with polishing beads at 2 bar (29 psi) pressure.

Completely divested IPS e.max Press objects

49
 Removing the reaction layer
When IPS PressVEST Premium is used, the reaction layer is usually easy to remove with a polishing jet medium. Use
IPS e.max Press Invex Liquid to remove the remaining reaction layer. The procedure is as follows:
− Pour the Invex Liquid into a plastic cup.
– Immerse the pressed object in the Invex Liquid and clean in an ultrasonic cleaner for at least 10 min and at most 30 min.
Make sure that the objects are completely covered with Invex Liquid.
– Use the sieve insert to remove the restoration from the Invex Liquid and clean the object under running water and blow
dry.
− Carefully remove the white reaction layer with type 100 Al2O3 at max. 1-2 bar (15-30 psi) pressure.
– Make sure that the reaction layer is completely removed, both on the cavity side and on the outer side of the object
(repeat the procedure, if necessary).
– If the reaction layer is not completely removed, bubbles may develop, which subsequently may lead to bonding problems
between the framework and the layering/glazing materials.
– Replace the IPS e.max Press Invex Liquid after 20 applications or after sedimentation of the liquid.

Remove the reaction layer formed on the pressed objects using the Invex Liquid in an ultrasonic bath.

Completely remove the reaction layer from the contact surfaces using Al2O3 at 1 – 2 bar (15 – 30 psi) pressure.

50
 Practical Procedure | Using the IPS e.max® Press Monochromatic Ingots
Note:

Contains: 0.5% hydrofluoric acid

Harmful to health when swallowed. Harmful to health upon skin contact. Causes severe irritation of the eyes. Wear protective gloves/protective
clothing/eye protection/face protection. In case of indisposition, call the POISON INFORMATION CENTER or a physician. Targeted measures: After skin
contact: Immediately rub with Ca-gluconate solution or Ca-gluconate gel. Wash contaminated clothes before wearing them again. UPON SKIN CONTACT:
Wash with soap and copious amounts of water. UPON EYE CONTACT: Carefully rinse with water for several minutes. Remove any contact lenses,
if possible. Continue rinsing.

Disposal
– Neutralize the Invex Liquid before disposal!
– Use the IPS Ceramic Neutralization Powder to neutralize the Invex Liquid.
– For 50 ml Invex Liquid, approx. 3–4 g of IPS Ceramic Neutralization Powder are required.
– Note: strong foam development during neutralization.
– Carefully add the neutralization powder to the Invex Liquid in small portions until foam is no longer formed; then allow a reaction time of 5 minutes.
– If larger quantities are disposed of, check the liquid with litmus paper (must show an alkaline reaction).
– After the reaction time, pour the neutralized solution into the sink, flushing it with running water.

Next working step … Staining technique page 52

Cut-back technique page 62

51
 Practical Procedure
Staining technique

Finishing

Suitable grinding instruments are imperative for adjusting and finishing high-strength glass-ceramic materials (please
observe the Ivoclar Vivadent Flow Chart "Recommended grinding tools for IPS e.max glass-ceramics"). If unsuitable
grinding instruments are used, chipping of the edges and local overheating may occur.

The following procedure is recommended for finishing IPS e.max Press restorations:
– Adjustment by grinding of pressed IPS e.max Press restorations should be kept to a minimum.
– Overheating of the ceramic must be avoided. Low speed and light pressure must be observed.
– Separate the sprue using a suitable separating disc. Avoid overheating. Pay attention to the proximal contacts when
working on polychromatic restorations.
– Make sure that the minimum layer thickness of the restoration is maintained during finishing.
– Smooth out the attachment point of the sprue.
– Remove the spacer from the die. The restorations are tried in on the dies and carefully finished.
– Do not 'post-separate' the bridge connectors with separating discs. This may result in undesired predetermined breaking
points, which will subsequently compromise the stability of the all-ceramic restoration.
– Check the occlusion and articulation and grind in the appropriate adjustments, if necessary.
– Design surface textures.
– To clean the outer side of the restoration, briefly blast with type 100 Al2O3 at 1 bar (15 psi) pressure and clean with the
steam cleaner. Some blasting devices may require different pressure settings to accomplish this procedure.

Separating the sprues in polychromatic restorations using a separating disc Separating the sprues in monochromatic restorations using a separating disc

Examining the fit of the restoration on the model Apply surface structures with suitable grinding instruments.

52
 Practical Procedure | Staining Technique
Die fabrication with IPS Natural Die Material
The light-curing IPS Natural Die Material simulates the shade of the preparation. With the shade information provided
by the dentist (shade determination), a control die is fabricated that serves as the optimum basis for
lifelike shade reproduction of the given oral situation.

The following procedure must be observed:

− Coat the inner surfaces of the ceramic restoration with IPS Natural Die Material Separator and allow it to react for a
short time.
– Apply the IPS Natural Die Material in the appropriate shade on the inner aspects of the restoration using the
IPS Condenser. Make sure that the entire inner aspect is embraced and filled.
– Insert the IPS Die Holder into the material and adapt excess around the die holder. Make sure that there is no gap at the
restoration margins.
– Cure the IPS Natural Die Material die in a customary light curing device for 60 seconds.
– If necessary, the die can be further finished and smoothed after polymerization.

Coat the inner surfaces of the ceramic restoration with IPS Natural Die Material Apply IPS Natural Die Material in the restoration and insert the die holder.
Separator and allow it to react for a short time.

Cure in a customary light curing device. A die made of IPS Natural Die Material provides the optimum basis for true-to-
nature all-ceramic restorations.

53
 Stain firing

The following paragraphs will explain the steps of optional staining and characterizing with IPS Ivocolor Shades and
Essences. The procedure is the same for both polychromatic and monochromatic restorations.

Required materials
– IPS Ivocolor Essences are intensively shaded stains in powder form.
– IPS Ivocolor Shades are ready-to-use stains in jars.
– IPS Ivocolor Glaze Paste/FLUO, Glaze Powder/FLUO are glazing material in paste and
powder form.
– IPS Ivoclor Mixing Liquids (allround, longlife) to mix the materials in powder form
(Essences, Glaze), as well as to thin paste materials (Shades, Glaze).
– IPS Ivocolor Essence Fluid to mix the Essences in powder form to a pasty consistency.

IPS Ivoco
Stains and
Glazes lor

Detailed information on the processing of IPS Ivocolor Shade, Essence and Glaze can be
found in the IPS Ivocolor Instructions for Use.
Instructions
for Use

The following procedure must be observed:

– Clean the pressed object with a steam cleaner to remove any contaminations and grease residue. Any contamination
after cleaning must be prevented.
– To improve the wettability of the stains, a small quantity of IPS Ivocolor Mixing Liquid may be slightly rubbed into the
area that needs to be characterized.
– Mix IPS Ivocolor Shades and Essences with the corresponding IPS Ivocolor Liquids to the desired consistency.
– More intensive shades are achieved by several staining procedures and repeated firing, not by applying thicker layers.
– To imitate the incisal area and translucency of the crown in the incisal and/or occlusal third, IPS Ivocolor Shade Incisal
may be used. The cusps and fissures can be individualized using Essences.
– Conduct the Stain firing on a honey-comb firing tray, an accessory of the ceramic furnace, using the stipulated firing
parameters (see page 83).
− Additional Stain firings can be conducted with the same firing parameters.
– Remove the restoration from the furnace after completion of the firing cycle (wait for the acoustic signal of the furnace).
– Allow the objects to cool to room temperature in a place protected from draft.
– Do not touch the hot objects with metal tongs.

54
 Practical Procedure | Staining Technique
Apply IPS Ivocolor Shade Incisal to imitate the incisal area. Enhancing the chroma of the buccal surface.

Occlusal characterization with IPS Ivocolor Essences Conduct the Stain firing on a honey-comb firing tray belonging to the ceramic furnace.

Conduct the Stain firing with IPS Ivocolor on the honey-comb firing tray suitable for the corresponding
furnace. Firing parameters see page 83.

55
 Glaze firing

Glaze firing is conducted with IPS Ivocolor Glaze paste or powder. The following procedure is recommended:

– Mix the glazing material (IPS Ivocolor Glaze paste or powder) with the IPS Ivocolor Mixing Liquid allround or longlife to
the desired consistency.
– Apply the glazing material in an evenly covering layer on the restoration.
– In the staining technique on full-contour restorations, the application of a fluorescent glazing material (paste or powder)
is recommended.
– Conduct the Glaze firing on a honey-comb firing tray, an accessory of the ceramic furnace, using the stipulated firing
parameters (see page 83).
– Remove the restoration from the furnace after completion of the firing cycle (wait for the acoustic signal of the furnace).
– Allow the objects to cool to room temperature in a place protected from draft.
– Do not touch the hot objects with metal tongs.
– IPS e.max Ceram Add-On materials can be used for further adjustments (see IPS e.max Ceram Instructions for Use).

Apply the Glaze evenly on the surface. Conduct the Glaze firing on a honey-comb firing tray using
the corresponding parameters.

Conduct the Glaze firing with IPS Ivocolor on the honey-comb firing tray suitable for the corresponding
furnace. Firing parameters see page 83.

56
 Practical Procedure | Staining Technique
Optional
Combined Stain and Glaze firing
If only minor characterizations of the restoration are desired, a combined firing cycle can be conducted.
First, the glaze paste is applied, followed by the characterizations, which are applied directly on the unfired
glaze layer.

Step 1 – Application of the glaze material

− Then remove a little IPS Ivocolor Glaze paste or powder and mix with IPS Ivocolor
Mixing Liquid allround or longlife to the desired consistency.
– Apply the Glaze material evenly on the restoration in the usual manner.
– Make sure that no Glaze material reaches the inner aspects of the restoration.
– Too thin a Glaze layer may lead to an unsatisfactory gloss.
− Avoid pooling and excessively thick glazing material layers.

Step 2 – Application of stains (Essences, Shades)

– Mix IPS Ivocolor Shades and Essences with the corresponding IPS Ivocolor Liquids to
the desired consistency.
– Apply mixed Shades and Essences directly into the unfired Glaze material.
– Intensify the corresponding dentin shade in the cervical and medium crown third
using Shades.
– To imitate the incisal area and translucency in the incisal third, IPS Ivocolor Shade Incisal
is to be used.

After glazing and staining, Glaze firing is conducted. When placing the objects into the furnace and setting the firing
parameters, please observe the following points:
– Conduct the Glaze firing on a honey-comb firing tray, an accessory of the ceramic furnace, using the stipulated firing
parameters (see page 83).
– Additional firing cycles can be conducted with the same firing parameters.
– Remove the restoration from the furnace after completion of the firing cycle (wait for the acoustic signal of the furnace).
– Allow the objects to cool to room temperature in a place protected from draft.
– Do not touch hot object with metal tongs.
– IPS e.max Ceram Add-On materials can be used for further adjustments (see IPS e.max Ceram Instructions for Use).

Completed restoration after the combined Stain and Glaze firing.

Conduct the Stain/Glaze firing with IPS Ivocolor on the honey-comb firing tray suitable for the
corresponding furnace. Firing parameters see page 83.

57
 Practical Procedure
Thin veneers, occlusal veneers (table tops)

Thin veneers

Thin veneers are very thin ceramic veneers (0.3 mm), which are seated using the
adhesive technique. Thin veneers are indicated from an esthetic point of view if there is,
e.g. a malposition or differences in length of the incisors. Thin veneers provide the
advantage that they allow tooth structure-preserving preparation. If the clinical situation allows it, no preparation at all is
required to preserve the tooth structure.

Thin veneers are fabricated using the staining technique.

Please note: Minimum application of IPS e.max Ceram layering materials (e.g. Impulse) in the incisal area is possible.
However, no cut-back must be performed on the restoration.

Use the following procedure for the fabrication of thin veneers:

− Apply the spacer to the preparation or the tooth to be treated according to the veneer preparation guidelines (see page
23).
– With thin veneers without preparation of the tooth, the restoration margins should be located in the proximal area, as
well as along the gingival margin.
– Observe the minimum thickness of the veneer.
− Sprue, invest, press, divest and remove the reaction layer according to the stipulations on page 42 et seq.
– As an option, IPS e.max Ceram layering materials may be applied (do not perform a cut-back).
– Conduct the Stain and Glaze firing on a honey-comb firing tray, an accessory of the ceramic furnace, using the stipulated
firing parameters (see page 83).
– Remove the restoration from the furnace after completion of the firing cycle (wait for the acoustic signal of the furnace).
– Allow the objects to cool to room temperature in a place protected from draft.
– Do not touch the hot objects with metal tongs.
– IPS e.max Ceram Add-On materials can be used for further adjustments (see IPS e.max Ceram Instructions for Use).
− Thin veneers must be placed by means of adhesive cementation.

Use the press technology to transform the wax-up into the thin ceramic veneer made of IPS e.max Press.

Conduct the Stain/Glaze firing with IPS Ivocolor on the honey-comb firing tray suitable for the
corresponding furnace. Firing parameters see page 83.

58
 Practical Procedure | Staining Technique | Thin Veneers, Occlusal Veneers (Table Tops)
Occlusal veneers (table tops)

If the clinical situation requires an increase in vertical dimensions or the reconstruction of function, occlusal veneers maybe
fabricated of IPS e.max Press may be fabricated for the posterior region. The high strength of IPS e.max Press allows the
fabrication of such thin restorations. Therefore, the tooth can be prepared in a minimally invasive manner that is very gen-
tle to the tooth structure.

Occlusal veneers are fabricated using the staining technique. Use the following procedure for the fabrication of table tops:
– Apply the spacer to the preparation or tooth to be treated according to the partial crowns preparation guidelines (see
page 23).
– Observe the minimum thickness of the occlusal veneer.
− Sprue, invest, press, divest and remove the reaction layer according to the stipulations on page 42 et seq.
– The application of IPS e.max Ceram Incisal or Transpa is possible (do not perform a cut-back).
– Conduct the Stain and Glaze firing on a honey-comb firing tray, an accessory of the ceramic furnace, using the stipulated
firing parameters (see page 83).
– Remove the restoration from the furnace after completion of the firing cycle (wait for the acoustic signal of the furnace)
and allow it to cool to room temperature.
– Allow the objects to cool to room temperature in a place protected from draft.
– Do not touch the hot objects with metal tongs.
– IPS e.max Ceram Add-On materials can be used for further adjustments (see IPS e.max Ceram Instructions for Use).
− Occlusal veneers must be placed by means of adhesive cementation.

Starting situation Minimally invasive preparation for occlusal veneers

Image of occlusal veneers in transmitted light In situ: occlusal veneers after adhesive cementation

Conduct the Stain/Glaze firing with IPS Ivocolor on the honey-comb firing tray suitable for the
corresponding furnace. Firing parameters see page 83.

59
 Completed IPS e.max Press® restorations after Glaze firing.

Molar crowns made of IPS e.max Press LT Inlay, onlay made of IPS e.max Press HT

Mandibular anterior crown made of IPS e.max Press Multi Premolar crown made of IPS e.max Press Multi

60
 Practical Procedure | Staining Technique | Thin Veneers, Occlusal Veneers (Table Tops)
Thin veneers made of IPS e.max Press HT Hybrid abutment crown (before cementation on the Ti base) made of IPS e.max Press Multi

Table tops (occlusal veneers) made of IPS e.max Press HT Veneer made of IPS e.max Press Multi

61
 Practical Procedure
Cut-back technique

In the cut-back technique, IPS e.max Ceram Impulse and Incisal materials are applied in the incisal and/or occlusal area of
the reduced IPS e.max Press restoration. The minimal amount of layering materials required means that highly esthetic
restorations can be fabricated within only a few working steps.

Finishing

Suitable grinding instruments are imperative for adjusting and finishing high-strength glass-ceramic materials (please
observe the Ivoclar Vivadent Flow Chart "Recommended grinding tools for IPS e.max glass-ceramics"). If unsuitable
grinding instruments are used, chipping of the edges and local overheating may occur.

– Adjustment by grinding of pressed IPS e.max Press restorations should be kept to a minimum.
– Overheating of the ceramic must be avoided. Low speed and light pressure must be observed.
– Separate the sprue using a suitable separating disc. Avoid overheating. Pay attention to the proximal contacts when
working on polychromatic restorations.
– Make sure that the minimum layer thickness of the restoration is maintained during finishing.
– Smooth out the attachment point of the sprue.
– Remove the spacer from the die. The restorations are tried in on the dies and carefully finished.
– Do not 'post-separate' the bridge connectors with separating discs. This may result in undesired predetermined breaking
points, which will subsequently compromise the stability of the all-ceramic restoration.
– Make sure that the minimum thicknesses are maintained even after the minor adjustments.
– Before veneering, clean the restoration with Al2O3 (type 100) at 1 – 2 bar (15 – 30 psi) pressure. Some blasting devices
may require different pressure settings to accomplish this procedure.
– Thoroughly clean the restoration with a steam jet prior to the Wash firing.

Separate the sprues with a thin diamond disc and provide permanent water cooling to the Separated restorations fitted on the model die.
grinding area.

Smooth out the attachment points of the sprue using low speed and light pressure and Refrain from designing extreme morphologies with undercuts for mamelons.
finish the surfaces.

62
 Practical Procedure | Cut-Back Technique
Check the cut-back with the silicone key and observe the minimum thicknesses. Restrict the cut-back to the incisal third.

Pressed IPS e.max Press restorations with cut-back after finishing.

Blast the restoration with Al2O3 (type 100) at 1 bar (15 psi) pressure. Thoroughly clean the surface with a steam jet prior to the Wash firing and subsequently dry.

Die fabrication with IPS Natural Die Material

The light-curing IPS Natural Die Material simulates the shade of the preparation. Fabricate a die according to the shade
information supplied by the dentist (shade selection), which serves as the optimum basis for a true-to-nature shade
reproduction of the given oral situation.

Please refer to page 53 for further details about the fabrication procedure.

63
 Veneering with IPS e.max Ceram

e.max ®
Ceram
Instruction

The following paragraphs will explain the most important veneering steps. For further information
s for Use

IPS
on the nano-fluorapatite layering ceramic and its processing, please refer to the IPS e.max Ceram
Instructions for Use.
all ceramic
all you need

The cut-back is supplemented in three processing steps:

Wash firing Incisal firing Stain and Glaze firing

Required materials
– IPS e.max Ceram layering materials (z.B. Transpa, Incisal, Impulse, Selection)
– IPS Build-Up Liquid (allround, soft) to mix the layering materials
– IPS Ivocolor Essences are intensively shaded stains in powder form.
– IPS Ivocolor Shades are ready-to-use stains in jars.
– IPS Ivocolor Glaze Paste/FLUO, Glaze Powder/FLUO are glazing material
in paste and powder form.
– IPS Ivoclor Mixing Liquids (allround, longlife) to mix the materials in powder
form (Essences, Glaze), as well as to thin paste materials (Shades, Glaze).
– IPS Ivocolor Essence Fluid to mix the Essences in powder form to a pasty
consistency.

64
 Practical Procedure | Cut-Back Technique
Wash firing (foundation)
The restoration must be free from dirt and grease before the Wash firing is done. Any contamination after cleaning must
be prevented. Conduct the Wash firing with IPS e.max Ceram or IPS Ivocolor materials.

Variant A: Wash firing with IPS e.max Ceram

If there is an ideal amount of space available,

conduct the Wash firing with the required
IPS e.max Ceram Deep Dentin, Dentin, Transpa
Incisal and/or Impulse materials. Use the IPS Build-
Up Liquids allround or soft to mix the materials.
Apply the Wash in a thin, covering coat on the
entire framework.

 onduct the Wash firing (foundation)

C
on a honey-comb firing tray belonging
to the furnace (see firing parameters on
page 83).

Variant B: Wash firing with IPS Ivocolor

With limited space or to enhance the in-depth

chroma effect, the Wash firing can be conducted
with IPS Ivocolor Shade, Essence and Glaze. Mix
the paste or powder with the IPS Ivocolor Mixing
Liquid allround or longlife to the desired
consistency and apply the material in a thin,
covering layer on the entire framework.

Conduct the Wash firing (foundation)

on a honey-comb firing tray belonging
to the furnace (see firing parameters on
page 83).

Layering materials must not be applied on unfired wash layers (powders and pastes), since this will result in
a delamination of the layering ceramic. The wash (foundation) must be fired before the actual layering
procedure is started.
65
 Incisal firing
With the IPS e.max Ceram layering materials (Transpa, Transpa Incisal, Impulse, Selection), the anatomical shape is completed
and the individual esthetic appearance achieved. Use the IPS Build-Up Liquids allround or soft to mix the materials. If
required, conduct a second Incisal firing using the same firing parameters.

Apply Impulse materials, e.g. Opal Effect 1 Complete the restoration, e.g. with Incisal materials and Opal Effect 3

Place the restoration on the firing tray and fire with the firing parameters for the Incisal Restoration after Incisal firing
firing.

Conduct the Incisal firing on a honey-comb firing tray suitable for the ceramic furnace.
Firing parameters see page 83.

66
 Practical Procedure | Cut-Back Technique
Preparing for Stain and Glaze firing
Before the Stain and Glaze firing, the restoration has to be prepared as follows:
− Finish the restoration using diamonds and give it a true-to-nature shape and surface structure, such as growth lines and
convex/concave areas.
– Areas which should exhibit a higher gloss after Glaze firing can be smoothed out and prepolished using silicone discs.
− If gold and/or silver dust was used to visualize the surface texture, the restoration has to be thoroughly cleaned with
steam. Make sure to remove all gold or silver dust in order to avoid any discolouration.

Finish the restoration with diamonds and give it a true-to-nature shape and surface structure.

Stain and Glaze firing

The Stain firing is conducted with IPS Ivocolor Shades and/or Essences and the Glaze firing with IPS Ivocolor Glaze Powder/
FLUO or Paste/FLUO. Depending on the situation, the firing cycles may be conducted together or separately.
The firing parameters are identical.
IPS Ivoco
Stains and
Glazes lor

Detailed information on the processing of IPS Ivocolor Shade, Essence and Glaze can be
found in the IPS Ivocolor Instructions for Use.
Instructions
for Use

− Thoroughly clean the restoration with the steam jet and dry with oil-free air.
– Mix IPS Ivocolor Shades and Essences with the corresponding IPS Ivocolor Liquids to the desired consistency.
– For better wettability of the stains and glazing materials, the surface can be wetted with a little IPS Ivocolor Mixing
Liquid.
– Apply the glazing material in an even layer on the entire restoration.
– The cusps and fissures can be individualized using IPS Ivocolor Essence.
– If minor shade modifications are necessary, they can be applied with IPS Ivocolor Shades on the glazing material already
in place.
– Conduct the Stain and Glaze firing on a honey-comb firing tray, an accessory of the ceramic furnace, using the stipulated
firing parameters (see page 83).
– Remove the restoration from the furnace after completion of the firing cycle (wait for the acoustic signal of the furnace).
– Allow the objects to cool to room temperature in a place protected from draft.
– Do not touch the hot objects with metal tongs.
– IPS e.max Ceram Add-On materials can be used for further adjustments (see IPS e.max Ceram Instructions for Use).

67
 –M  ore intensive shades are achieved by several staining procedures and repeated firing, not by applying
thicker layers.
– The degree of gloss of the glazed surface is controlled via the consistency of the glazing material and the
applied quantity, not by means of the firing temperature. For a higher degree of gloss, use less liquid for
mixing the glazing material and/or increase the quantity of glazing material.

Conduct the Stain/Glaze firing with IPS Ivocolor on the honey-comb firing tray suitable for the
corresponding furnace. Firing parameters see page 83.

Completed IPS e.max Press LT restoration partially cut back and pressed and veneered with IPS e.max Ceram

68
Practical Procedure

Practical Procedure – Layering Technique

Layering technique

Finishing

Suitable grinding instruments are imperative for adjusting and finishing high-strength glass-ceramic materials (please
observe the Ivoclar Vivadent Flow Chart "Recommended grinding tools for IPS e.max glass-ceramics"). If unsuitable grind-
ing instruments are used, chipping of the edges and local overheating may occur.

– Adjustment by grinding of pressed IPS e.max Press restorations should be kept to a minimum.
– Overheating of the ceramic must be avoided. Low speed and light pressure must be observed.
– Separate the sprue using a suitable separating disc. Avoid overheating.
– Make sure that the minimum layer thickness of the restoration is maintained during finishing.
– Smooth out the attachment point of the sprue.
– Remove the spacer from the die. The restorations are tried in on the dies and carefully finished.
– Do not 'post-separate' the connectors with separating discs. This may result in undesired predetermined breaking points,
which will subsequently compromise the stability of the all-ceramic restoration.
– Make sure that the minimum thicknesses are maintained even after the minor adjustments.
– Before veneering, clean the restoration with Al2O3 (type 100) at 1 – 2 bar (15 – 30 psi) pressure. Some blasting devices
may require different pressure settings to accomplish this procedure.
– Thoroughly clean the restoration with a steam jet prior to the Wash firing

Separate the sprues with a thin diamond disc and provide permanent water cooling to the Try in the framework on the model.
grinding area.

After try-in, excellent accuracy of fit is achieved.

69
 Smooth out the attachment points of the sprue using low speed and light pressure. Do not “post-separate” the framework connectors with the separating disc and finish the
surface.

Blast the restoration with Al2O3 (type 100) at 1 bar (15 psi) pressure. Thoroughly clean the surface with a steam jet prior to the Wash firing and subsequently dry.

70
 Practical Procedure – Layering Technique
Veneering with IPS e.max Ceram

e.max ®
Ceram
Instruction

The following paragraphs will explain the most important veneering steps. For further information
s for Use

IPS
on the nano-fluorapatite layering ceramic and its processing, please refer to the IPS e.max Ceram
Instructions for Use.
all ceramic
all you need

Veneering requires four process steps:

Wash firing 1st Dentin/Incisal firing 2nd Dentin/Incisal firing Stain and Glaze firing

Required materials
– IPS e.max Ceram layering materials (z.B. Dentin, Transpa, Incisal, Impulse, Selection)
– IPS Build-Up Liquid (allround, soft) to mix the layering materials
– IPS Ivocolor Essences are intensively shaded stains in powder form.
– IPS Ivocolor Shades are ready-to-use stains in jars.
– IPS Ivocolor Glaze Paste/FLUO, Glaze Powder/FLUO are glazing material
in paste and powder form.
– IPS Ivoclor Mixing Liquids (allround, longlife) to mix the materials in powder
form (Essences, Glaze), as well as to thin paste materials (Shades, Glaze).
– IPS Ivocolor Essence Fluid to mix the Essences in powder form to a pasty
consistency.

71
 Wash firing (foundation)
The restoration must be free from dirt and grease before the Wash firing is done. Any contamination after cleaning must
be prevented.

Please observe the following procedure for the Wash firing:

– Clean the framework (free of dirt and grease).
– Conduct the Wash firing with Deep Dentin or Dentin materials.
− Use the IPS Build-Up Liquids allround or soft to mix the materials.
– If a more plastic consistency is desired, the IPS Ivocolor Liquids allround or longlife can be used for mixing the materials.
– Apply the wash in a thin coat on the entire framework.
– Conduct the Wash firing on a honey-comb firing tray, an accessory of the ceramic furnace, using the stipulated firing
parameters.
– Remove the restoration from the furnace after completion of the firing cycle (wait for the acoustic signal of the furnace).
– Allow the objects to cool to room temperature in a place protected from draft.
– Do not touch the hot objects with metal tongs.

Apply the wash using Dentin and/or Deep Dentin materials… …and fire using the indicated firing parameters.

Conduct the Wash firing (foundation) on a honey-comb firing tray suitable for the ceramic furnace.
Firing parameters see page 83.

72
 Practical Procedure – Layering Technique
1st Dentin/Incisal firing
Perform the layering in accordance with the layering diagram (see IPS e.max Ceram Instructions for Use). Use the IPS Build-
Up Liquids allround or soft to mix the layering materials. If a different consistency is desired, the liquids can also be mixed
with one another in any ratio.

Observe the following notes for the Dentin and Incisal firing:
− Conduct the Dentin and Incisal firing on a honey-comb firing tray, an accessory of the ceramic furnace, using the
stipulated firing parameters.
– Remove the restoration from the furnace after completion of the firing cycle (wait for the acoustic signal of the furnace).
– Allow the objects to cool to room temperature in a place protected from draft.
– Do not touch the hot objects with metal tongs.

Contour the tooth shape with Dentin material. Design the incisal third using Impulse Complete the layering procedure with Incisal and Transpa materials.
materials.

Completely separate the interdental area down to the IPS e.max Press framework. Subsequently, the restoration is fired using the firing parameters for the
1st Dentin/Incisal firing.

Conduct the 1st Dentin/Incisal firing on a honey-comb firing tray suitable for the ceramic furnace.
Firing parameters see page 83.

73
 2nd Dentin/Incisal firing (Corrective firing)
Complete the missing areas and compensate for the shrinkage.

Observe the following notes for the Dentin and Incisal firing:
− Conduct the 2nd Dentin and Incisal firing on a honey-comb firing tray, an accessory of the ceramic furnace, using the
stipulated firing parameters.
– Remove the restoration from the furnace after completion of the firing cycle (wait for the acoustic signal of the furnace).
– Allow the objects to cool to room temperature in a place protected from draft.
– Do not touch the hot objects with metal tongs.

Compensate for the shrinkage using Dentin, Transpa and Incisal materials. Subsequently, the restoration is fired using the firing parameters for the 2nd Dentin/Incisal
firing.

Conduct the 2nd Dentin/Incisal firing on a honey-comb firing tray suitable for the ceramic furnace.
Firing parameters see page 83.

Stain and Glaze firing

The Stain firing is conducted with IPS Ivocolor Shades and/or Essences and the Glaze firing with IPS Ivocolor Glaze Powder/
FLUO or Paste/FLUO. Depending on the situation, the firing cycles may be conducted together or separately.
The firing parameters are identical.
IPS Ivoco
Stains and
Glazes lor

Detailed information on the processing of IPS Ivocolor Shade, Essence and Glaze can be
found in the IPS Ivocolor Instructions for Use.
Instructions
for Use

− Thoroughly clean the restoration with the steam jet and dry with oil-free air.
– Mix IPS Ivocolor Shades and Essences with the corresponding IPS Ivocolor Liquids to the desired consistency.
– For better wettability of the stains and glazing materials, the surface can be wetted with a little IPS Ivocolor Mixing
Liquid.
– Apply the glazing material in an even layer on the entire restoration.
– The cusps and fissures can be individualized using IPS Ivocolor Essence.
− If minor shade modifications are necessary, they can be applied with IPS Ivocolor Shades on the glazing material already
in place.
– Conduct the Stain and Glaze firing on a honey-comb firing tray, an accessory of the ceramic furnace, using the stipulated
firing parameters (see page 83).
– Remove the restoration from the furnace after completion of the firing cycle (wait for the acoustic signal of the furnace).
– Allow the objects to cool to room temperature in a place protected from draft.
– Do not touch the hot objects with metal tongs.
– IPS e.max Ceram Add-On materials can be used for further adjustments (see IPS e.max Ceram Instructions for Use).

74
 Practical Procedure – Layering Technique
–M  ore intensive shades are achieved by several staining procedures and repeated firing, not by applying
thicker layers.
– The degree of gloss of the glazed surface is controlled via the consistency of the glazing material and the
applied quantity, not by means of the firing temperature. For a higher degree of gloss, use less liquid for
mixing the glazing material and/or increase the quantity of glazing material.

Conduct the Stain/Glaze firing with IPS Ivocolor on the honey-comb firing tray suitable for the
corresponding furnace. Firing parameters see page 83.

Adjustments with IPS e.max Ceram Add-On

There are 3 IPS e.max Ceram Add-On materials available for adjustments, which are processed differently
depending on their application.

Variant 1 – Add-On with Glaze firing

This variant is used if minor adjustments are made with the Glaze firing.
The procedure is carried out as follows:
– Mix IPS e.max Ceram Add-On Dentin and Incisal with Dentin and Transpa Incisal in a 1:1 ratio.
– Mix IPS e.max Ceram Add-On with IPS Build-Up Liuid soft or allround.
− Apply the Add–On material on the respective areas.
− Fire with the stipulated parameters for the "Add-On with Glaze firing".
– Polish the adjusted areas to a high gloss after firing.

Variant 2 – Add-On after Glaze firing

After completion and try-in with the patient, further adjustments (e.g. contact points) might be necessary.
The procedure is carried out as follows:
– Mix IPS e.max Ceram Add-On Dentin or Incisal with IPS Build-Up Liquid soft or allround and apply on the corresponding
areas.
– Fire with the stipulated parameters for the "Add-On after Glaze firing".
– Polish the adjusted areas to a high gloss after firing.

75
 Procedure for HO ingots

If IPS e.max Press HO ingots are used, the shade of the framework requires adjustment, particularly with darker tooth
shades (e.g. A4). Use IPS Ivocolor Shades and Essences to adjust the framework shade.

Combination Table

Desired tooth shade BL1, BL2, BL3, BL4 A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 A3, A3.5 B3, B4 A4, C2, C3, C4,
D2, D3, D4

IPS e.max Press HO HO 0 HO 1 HO 2 HO 1 HO 2

Wash firing Deep Dentin in the respective tooth shade

Characterization – – – IPS Ivocolor Shades and Essences

Please observe the following procedure:

Step 1: Wash firing with Deep Dentin

– Clean the framework (free of dirt and grease).
– Apply the wash using Deep Dentin materials
− Use the IPS Build-Up Liquids allround or soft to mix the materials.
– If a more plastic consistency is desired, IPS Ivocolor Mixing Liquid allround or longlife can be used for mixing the materials.
– Apply the wash in a thin coat on the entire framework.
− Conduct the Wash firing on a honey-combed tray with the corresponding parameters.

Clinical situation: severely discoloured preparation Prepared framework made of IPS e.max Press HO 1

Apply the wash using IPS e.max Ceram Deep Dentin in the respective tooth shade. After Wash firing

76
 Practical Procedure – Layering Technique
Step 2: Characterization with IPS Ivocolor Shade and Essences
– Apply the characterizations using IPS Ivocolor Shades and Essences.
− Mix Essences with IPS Ivocolor Mixing Liquid allround or longlife to the desired consistency.
– Apply characterizations so that the tone of the framework shade corresponds with the (final) Dentin shade.
− Conduct the Characterization firing on a honey-combed tray with the corresponding parameters.
– Layering materials must not be applied on unfired wash layers (powders and pastes), since this will result in a
delamination of the layering ceramic.

Characterization with Essences to achieve the (final) Dentin shade Individualized, shade-adjusted framework after Characterization firing

Step 3: Layering, completion

– The further procedure corresponds to that of the layering technique described on pages 69 – 75.

Layer and complete the restoration in the usual manner. Completed IPS e.max Pess HO restoration in situ.

77
 General Information
Press Monolithic Solutions
Frequently Asked Question

How are the suitable translucency and shade of the ingot determined?
The IPS e.max Shade Navigation App is used to determine the suitable ingot. The app takes all the important factors
(layer thickness, preparation thickness, etc.) into account that influence the overall esthetic appearance and thus enables a
very precise translucency and shade recommendation. The app, which is suitable for Android or iOS smart phones and
tables, can be downloaded in the App Store free of charge.

How can it be determined if a contouring wax is organic or inorganic?

Organic waxes turn transparent during melting. Inorganic waxes, however, remain opaque even when molten.

What is the difference between monochromatic and polychromatic ingots?

Monochromatic ingots are single-shaded and with a defined translucency, e.g. HT, LT, MO. IPS e.max Press Multi is a poly-
chromatic ingot. It demonstrates a shade and translucency gradation.

What is horizontal pressing?

With the patented processing procedure for the IPS e.max Press Multi, the restoration is attached with wax to the special
IPS Multi Investing Ring Base using prefabricated IPS Multi Wax Patterns. Upon the subsequent press procedure, namely
horizontal press procedure, the ceramic is pressed into the restoration from the side, with the Dentin/Incisal gradation of
the ingot being transferred to the restoration,

For what indications can the IPS e.max Press Multi ingot be used?
The Multi ingot can be used for the fabrication of anterior and posterior crowns, hybrid abutment crowns and veneers.
Given the processing technique, the Multi cannot be used for bridges. Inlays, onlays and thin veneers would be technically
feasible, but given the limited layer thickness (0.3 mm) the incisal/dentin transition is not visible.

Why does a IPS Wax Pattern have to be used for the investment before pressing the IPS e.max Press Multi.
The IPS Multi Wax Pattern was specifically developed for pressing the IPS e.max Press Multi. Its special geometry enables
the controlled flow of the polychromatic IPS e.max Press Multi and is thus essential for successful pressing.

What must be observed when fabricating very delicate mandibular anterior crowns using IPS e.max Press
Multi?
The IPS Multi Wax Pattern Form B must be used for restorations with delicate dies. The special shape reduces the flow
speed of the ceramic and minimizes the risk of the die fracturing during pressing. To prevent die fractures during pressing
of very delicate dies, a placement of a ZrO2 pins in the cavity during investment is recommended.

Can the incisal proportion be varied when using IPS e.max Press Multi?
By shifting the restoration connected to the IPS Multi Wax Pattern along the IPS Multi Investment Ring Base, the incisal
proportion can be increased. The dentin remains in the "dead space" above the sprueing and is not pressed into the
restoration.

78
 General Information – Frequently Asked Questions
What is the procedure to achieve the desired tooth shade when IPS e.max Press HO ingots are used?
Deep Dentin must be used for the Wash firing. Subsequently, the framework shade is adapted to the (final) dentin shade
with a Characterization firing using Shades and Essences.

Can the IPS Alox Plunger Separator also be used for other pressed ceramics, such as IPS Empress Esthetic?
The IPS Alox Plunger Separator can only be used for IPS e.max Press and IPS e.max ZirPress ingots, since the press
temperature of the IPS Empress Esthetic ingots of 1075 °C (1967 °F) is too high and results in the Separator losing its
effect.

Can IPS e.max Press also be pressed using the IPS Investment Ring System 300 g?
Since only one single IPS e.max Press ingot (small or large) may be used per press cycle, the IPS Investment Ring System
300 g cannot be used.

How does the Fully automatic Press Function (FPF) work?

The Fully automatic Press Function was specifically developed for IPS e.max Press ingots and is based on the determination
of the consistency of the press ceramic. The furnace chamber loaded with the investment ring is continuously heated up
after the start of the FPF program. At the same time, the press furnace detects the consistency of the press ceramic and
automatically recognizes the optimum softening point of the respective ingot (HO, MO, LT etc.). Once this point is reached,
the furnace automatically initiates the press process. The post-pressing time and the cooling process are also automatically
controlled by the press furnace.

What are the advantages of the Fully automatic Press Function (FPF)?
The Fully automatic Press Function offers the following advantages:
– Easy operation - one press program for all IPS e.max Press translucency levels
– Efficient, safe press process - short pressing time, no confusion of programs or incorrect pressing parameters, always the
optimum consistency for pressing
– Excellent press results - less pronounce reaction layer and enhanced surface quality.

Can press furnaces other than the ones from Ivoclar Vivadent be used to press IPS e.max Press ingots?
IPS e.max Press has been especially coordinated with the Ivoclar Vivadent press furnaces. If other press furnaces are used,
the parameters may have to be adjusted accordingly by the user.

What firing tray should be used for the firing of IPS e.max Press restorations?
A honey-combed tray and the corresponding pins, accessories for Programat ceramic furnaces, must be used for firing.
The use of any other firing trays may require an adjustment of the firing parameters. Moreover, it cannot be ensured that
all furnace functions (e.g. infrared technology of the Programat EP 5010) work flawlessly.

Can IPS e.max Ceram Margin materials be used with IPS e.max Press?
IPS e.max Ceram Margin materials must not be used on glass-ceramics (IPS e.max Press and CAD), since the firing
temperatures are too high and the reduction of the shoulder would weaken the restoration. Margin materials are
exclusively used on ZrO2.

79
 Cementation and aftercare

Cementation options
Esthetic cementation options are decisive for the harmonious shade effect of an all-ceramic restoration.
Depending on the indication, IPS e.max restorations can be seated using either adhesive, self-adhesive or conventional
cementation.

– For the adhesive cementation of IPS e.max restorations, Multilink® Automix or Variolink® Esthetic are the ideal composite
cements.
– For the self-adhesive cementation of IPS e.max restorations, SpeedCEM® Plus is available.
– The glass ionomer cement Vivaglass® CEM is recommended for the conventional cementation of IPS e.max restorations.

Short definition of the different cementation methods:

– Adhesive cementation
With adhesive cementation, the bond is also created by static friction, but primarily by the chemical and/or micromechanical
bond between the luting material and the restoration, as well as between the luting material and the preparation. Given
the chemical and/or micromechanical bond, retentive preparation is not required. Depending on the cementation
material, special adhesive systems are used on the preparation to generate the micromechanical bond with the dentin
and/or enamel. Adhesive cementation results in enhanced “(overall) strength” of the seated all-ceramic restoration.
– Self-adhesive cementation
The cementation material features self-adhesive properties on the tooth, which is why no additional special conditioning
of the tooth surface is necessary. Hence, the adhesion of the restoration is partially achieved by a micromechanical and/
or chemical bond. In order to achieve sufficient bonding strength values, retentive preparation (preparation angle 4 – 8°,
preparation height at least 4 mm) is recommended. Self-adhesive cementation does not result in enhanced "(overall)
strength" of the seated all-ceramic restoration.
– Conventional cementation
With conventional cementation, the bond is almost entirely created by static friction between the cementation material
and the restoration, as well as between the cementation material and the preparation. In order to obtain the necessary
mechanical friction, a retentive preparation showing a preparation angle of approximately 4 – 8° is required. Conventional
cementation does not result in enhanced “(overall) strength” of the seated all-ceramic restoration.

Cementation possibilities for the different indications

Adhesives Self-adhesives Conventional
Cementation Cementation Cementation

Occlusal veneers, thin veneers, veneers – –

Inlays, onlays, partial crowns – –
IPS e.max Press
Minimally invasive anterior and posterior crowns – –
Anterior and posterior crowns

3-unit bridges up to the 2nd premolar

Leave the cementation maze

CNS More information at www.cementation-navigation.com

More detailed information on the clinical working steps can be found in the IPS e.max Clinical
Guide.

Care Notes
As with natural teeth, high-quality IPS e.max restorations require
regular professional care. This is beneficial for both the health of the
gingiva and teeth, as well as the overall appearance. The pumice-free
Proxyt® pink polishing paste is used to care for the surfaces without
causing any wear. The low RDA* value = 7 (*Relative Dentin Abrasion)
is a reliable confirmation that a low-abrasion cleaning paste is used. Scientific investigations and long-term clinical
experience have proved the gentle effect compared to other pastes.

80
 Individual characterizations and shade adjustments of IPS e.max Press restorations are achieved with IPS Ivocolor Shades, Essence.
Shade Combination Table

IPS Ivocolor Shades, Essence

To be used on IPS e.max Press restorations

A–D tooth shade BL1 BL2 BL3 BL4 A1 A2 A3 A3.5 A4 B1 B2 B3 B4 C1 C2 C3 C4 D2 D3 D4

IPS Ivocolor Shade

SD 0 SD 1 SD 2 SD 3 SD 4 SD 5 SD 6 SD 7 SD 6

IPS Ivocolor Shade Incisal

SI 1 SI 2 SI 3

E 01 E 02 E03 E 04 E 05 E 06 E 07 E 08 E 09 E 10 E 11 E 12 E 13 E 14 E 15 E 16 E 17 E 18 E 19 E 20
white cream lemon sunset copper hazel olive khaki terracotta mahogany cappuccino espresso terra profundo ocean sapphire anthracite black rose coral
IPS Ivocolor Essence

E 21 E 22 E 23
basic red basic yellow basic blue

81
General Information – Cementation and Aftercare | Shade Combination Table
 Press and firing parameters

Programat EP 3000 / EP 5000 Select the press program in accordance with the selected ingot to be
pressed and the investment ring used.

Programat EP 3010 / EP 5010 Select the Fully automatic Press Function (FPF) or the press
program in accordance with the selected ingot to be
pressed and the investment ring used.

The new Fully automatic Press Function for IPS e.max Press renders pressing even easier and
enhances the economic efficiency: simply place the investment ring in the press furnace and press
Start. The press furnace does the rest. It selects the program, automatically heats-up the press
chamber to the correct temperature and presses the viscous ceramic into the investment ring at the
correct time. Even the post-pressing time and the cooling process are regulated – at the push of a
button.

82
 General Information – Press and Firing Parameters
Firing Parameters for IPS e.max® Press

– A a honey-combed tray and the corresponding pins, accessories for Programat ceramic furnaces, must be used for firing.
– The firing parameters have to be observed. An increase in the firing temperature results in severe vitrification between
the framework and the veneering ceramic, which may lead to cracks later. A decrease in the firing temperature causes
the ceramic to be underfired and very brittle, which may lead to delamination.
– The parameters stipulated in the Instructions for Use are coordinated with Ivoclar Vivadent furnaces (tolerance range
±10 °C).
– If a non-Ivoclar Vivadent furnace is used, temperature adjustments may be necessary.
– Remove IPS e.max Press objects from the furnace after completion of the firing cycle (wait for the acoustic signal of the
furnace).
– Allow the objects to cool to room temperature in a place protected from draft.
– Do not touch the hot objects with metal tongs.
– Do not blast or quench the objects.

Note
Given the geometry of the restorations, the layer thicknesses of the pressed object may vary considerably.
When the objects cool after the firing cycle, the different cooling speeds in the areas with different
dimensions may result in internal tensions. In the worst case, these cooling stresses may result in fractures
in the ceramic restorations. By using slow cooling (long-term cooling L = 500°C for monolithic crowns and
450°C for the layering technique), these tensile stresses can be minimized.
Using long-term cooling for the last firing cycles is particularly recommended with layer thicknesses over
2 mm.

Firing Parameters for the Staining, Cut-Back and Layering Technique with IPS e.max Ceram/IPS Ivocolor Shade, Essences, Glaze
Stand-by Closing time * Heating rate Firing Holding time Heating rate Firing Holding time Vacuum 1 Vacuum 2 Long-term Cooling rate
temperature temperature temperature 11 21 cooling 
B S t T1 H1 t T2 H2 12 22 L tl
[°C/°F] [min] [°C/°F/min] [°C/°F] [min] [°C/°F/min] [°C/°F] [min] [°C/°F] [°C/°F] [°C/°F] [°C/°F/min]

IRT/ 400/752 650/1202

Wash firing (foundation) 403/757 90/162 650/1202 00:00 20/36 730/1346 02:00 0 0
04:00 650/1202 729/1344
IRT/ 400/752 650/1202
1st Dentin/Incisal firing 403/757 90/162 650/1202 00:00 20/36 730/1346 02:00 0 0
04:00 650/1202 729/1344
IRT/ 400/752 650/1202
2nd Dentin/Incisal firing 403/757 90/162 650/1202 00:00 20/36 730/1346 02:00 0 0
04:00 650/1202 729/1344
Stain firing with IRT/
403/757 60/108 710/1310 01:00 – – – 450/842 709/1308 0 0
IPS Ivocolor 06:00
Glaze firing with IRT/
403/757 60/108 710/1310 01:00 – – – 450/842 709/1308 0 0
IPS Ivocolor 06:00
IRT/
Add-On with Glaze firing 403/757 60/108 710/1310 01:00 – – – 450/842 709/1308 0 0
06:00
IRT/
Add-On after Glaze firing 403/757 50/90 700/1292 01:00 – – – 450/842 699/1290 0 0
06:00

* IRT standard mode

Depending on the furnace type, the firing temperature may be adjusted by ± 5°C/9°F, max. by ± 10°C/18°F.

If the new firing parameters are used, the initial vacuum value must be reduced to 400°C/752°F to ensure
sufficient vacuum at the start of the sintering process.

The intelligent infrared technology of the new Programat® furnaces considerably increases process reliability.
This leads to high-quality firing results, irrespective of the size and number of restorations in the firing
chamber. The infrared camera automatically controls the predrying and closing process. Depending on the
type of restoration, the firing time can be reduced by up to 20%.

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Ivoclar Vivadent – worldwide

Ivoclar Vivadent AG Ivoclar Vivadent SAS Ivoclar Vivadent S.A. de C.V. Ivoclar Vivadent AB
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www.ivoclarvivadent.co.kr

Manufacturer:
Ivoclar Vivadent AG, 9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
www.ivoclarvivadent.com

Date information prepared: 2017-07, Rev. 2

These materials have been developed solely for use in dentistry. Liability cannot be accepted for damages
resulting from failure to observe the Instructions or the stipulated area of application. The user is responsible
for testing the products for their suitability and use for any purpose not explicitly stated in the Instructions.
Descriptions and data constitute no warranty of attributes and are not binding. These regulations also apply if
the materials are used in conjunction with products of other manufacturers.

This document does not constitute specifications.

Printed in Liechtenstein
© Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan / Liechtenstein
672600/en

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