Grammar ekaulaeElaine Walker 7 New Edition Steve Elsworth Grammar Practice EE for Elementary Students with keyPearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE Fngland And Associated Companies throughout the World. www. longman-elt.com © Pearson Education Limited 2000 ‘The right of Elaine Walker and Steve Elsworth to be identified as authors of this Work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, All rights reserved; no part of tis publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical. photocopying, recording. or otherwise without the prior uritien permission of the Publishers. ISBN 0 582 41700 6 Set in Slimbach Printed in Malaysia, PP Illustrations by Chris Pavely Project Managed by Lewis Lansford Acknowledgements Additional Material written by David Bowker,Contents To the Student LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR PAGE ‘STAGE! NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES cat, cats singular and plural nouns 1 aan 3 indefinite article a there is, there are there + to be 4 T know her subject and object pronouns 4 nice, big, beautiful adjectives 6 my, your, her, his... 'S possessive adjectives and other possessives 7 this, that, these, those demonstrative adjectives and pronouns Il taller than. comparative adjectives with er B VERBS am, is, are © present simple tense of verb to be 16 has, have got has, have + got 7 T walk to school “present simple tense 20 was, were *past simple tense of verb to be 28 T walked to school past simple tense 30 got to, for a, ...ing constructions with go 37 PREPOSITIONS at, on, tn, to Prepositions of place, movement and time 39 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES Like swimming like + gerund a2 I'd like to go the beach would like + to-infinitive 4 SENTENCE STRUCTURE, He always gets up early frequency adverbs with present simple 45 TEST 1 56 STAGE 2 NOUNS, ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS the, a. an definite and indefinite articles 49 some, any some, any with countable and uncountable nouns s2 quickly, slowly, badly adverbs of manner 57 bigger than, more comparative adjectives with er and more 59 expensive thanLANGUAGE VERBS She is eating I'm seeing him tomorrow I'm going to see a film Stop talking! Don’t walk on the grass! I can speak English They can’t swim PREPOSITIONS at, on, in, to, from, onto, off, into, out of GRAMMAR present continuous tense present continuous as future be going to future the imperative modal verb can, can’t prepositions of position and movement GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES. Do you like working here? F want to stay here SENTENCE STRUCTURE “What's he like? TEST 2 ‘STAGE 3 NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES some, any, a few, a little, @ lot of, muck, many mine, yours, hers, his the biggest, the most expensive, more... than ‘VERBS ve been to Australia She was working in the garden at 7 o'clock If it rains, Pll stay at home can, could, may, might, should, must PREPOSITIONS next to, between, in front of, above, below, over, behind, under, “opposite, along, across, dow, up, round, past before, after 's verb + gerund, verb + to-infinitive questions and answers articles and adjectives to describe quantity possessive pronouns the superlative and the comparative present perfect tense Past continuous tense first conditional ‘modal verbs prepositions of position and movement prepositions, conjunctions of time PAGE YI2n 3 g 97 100 105 43 17 9 128 131LANGUAGE GRAMMAR GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES Smoking is bad jor you the gerund He refuses to help me the infinitive SENTENCE STRUCTURE Tike them word order and, but, so, because conjunctions ‘TEST 3 APPENDICES Common irregular verbs, Basic spelling rules, Use of short forms (contractions), Common first names, Countries and nationalities KEY INDEX PAGE, 133 136 140 ui 143, 146 153 170To the student Grammar Practice for Elementary Students gives short, clear explanations of grammar and provides practice exercises for you to do. The book has three stages with a lest at the end of each stage. Stage I is the easiest and Stage IIT is the most difficult ‘There are two ways in which this book can be used: ‘) in class, with help from your teacher; ii) at home by yourseli. You can complete Stage I before starting Stage Il or you can choose areas of grammar that you need to practise ‘trom different parts of the book. Use the Index and the Contents list to find the areas that you want to study. ‘Then read the explanation, do the exercises and check your answers in the Key. We hope that Grammar Practice for Elementary Students helps you to improve your English. Elaine Walker Steve Elsworth. . STAGE 1 Nouns and adjectives a 1. cat, cats: singular and plural nouns Plurals: s ending one dog > two dogs one apple two apples one boy = _two boys * To make a singular noun plural, add s. Practice 1a Complete the list, using these nouns and the pictures: gil pencil telephone bird cup camera banana newspaper__chair_spoonNounsand adjectives STAGE Plurals: other spellings one baby = two babies * Words ending in consonant + y: change y + i + es amaich = Iwo matches a box = two boxes abrush = two brushes aglss — — woglasses a bus = __ two buses * Words ending in ch, x, sh, ss, s: add es. # We add es to a few words ending in o: @ poato — two potatoes, a tomato —* two tomatoes Irregular plurals aman — (women awoman — — two women achild = 4 two children aperson + lwo people a foot = two feet atooth —* —_twoteeth Practice 1b Write the plurals address | addresees eye orange mountain | mountains bag person lorry box church waitress school 88 secretary Tunch apple sandwich city day child hoiel boy match) watch, glass flower animal dish vegetable fly | beach family bus [dress dictionary man foot2 a, an: indefinite article It's a present. | Its a lovely day. * We use a before consonants: Are you a doctor? Consonant bof | m qt x ec g k aoryv y doh topos wiz Here's an orange. He's an old man now. * We use an before vowels: I'm an English teacher Practice 2 Complete the sentences using a or an. 1 It's , 4, new book. She's _",, English teacher. . student? 2 3. Are you.. 4 Britain is .. island. 5 They're at eeeeeees 1eStaUrant 6 He's Werssciss, 8 Here's... 9 He's. 10 I's not... Nouns and adjactves STASE1 .- Waiter, ugly house. . ticket for the play. -- good worker. easy language.Nours and adjectives STAGE 1 3. there is, there are ‘There’s a cat in the garden. There are twenty students in the class. Is there a hotel near here? Are there a lot of tourists in your town? © There is, there’s + singular noun. There are + plural noun. © Question forms: Is there ..2 Are there ...? Practice 3 Complete the sentences using there's, there are, is there or are there. There’s.. a beach down here. There ate.. four girls and two boys in her family, a train to Manchester? a new disco near the college. a good restaurant in this street? alot of children in the pool? 2 3 4 5 6... two hospitals in town. 7 8 three families in that house. 9 a television in the flat? TO veeceessessvssseeen @ big grey cloud over there, 4 I know her: subject and object pronouns | Subject Verb I see She knows We don’t like * We also use object pronouns after prepositions Do you live with them? Jenny works with him. Subject pronouns 1 [you [she The [it [we [they | it [as [em] Object pronouns [me] you” TherNounsand adjectives STAGE Practice 4a_ Circle the correct pronouns. 1 Can you help we(G)with these bags? 2 GUs usually see they/fhem)at the weekend, 3 How did you teach fe/him to read? 4 I/Me write to she/her once a month. 5. He/Hlima loved she/ker very much but shefher didn’t love he/him 6 Why did you ask they/them to come? [/Me don’t like they/them. 7 I/Me don't think she/her understands J/me. 8 Please don’t wail for we/us. 9 Did they/them tell she/her the news? 10 Would you like to come with I/me? 4b Complete these sentences with me, you, her, him, tt, us or them. 1 I can’t open this door. Could you open ..f.. for me, please? 2. Those shoes are really nice. 1'd like to buy ..fherm... 3 ‘Did you see Jonathon last night?" ‘No, I phoned but he wasn’t there. [can’t do this homework. Can you help w..ceeesee? L asked ......c.0+@ question but you didn’t answer We're not ready. Please give .......0s.. Some more time, She speaks very quickly. I can’t understand 8 I'm sorry about your birthday. I'm afraid I forgot about 9 Jill's a very nice woman. Do you know 10 My parents are coming this weekend, Would you like to meet 11 They're not married now. She left a year ago. 12 ‘Where's your passport?" ‘I don't know. I can’t find 13. My mother writes to me every week but | don’t write to .. very oiten. 14 Were you at the meeting last night! I didn’t see there. 15 We want to help you. Please tell about your problems.Nouns and advctves STAGE 1 5 nice, big, beautiful: adjectives Its a beautiful day. My teacher is very young. It’s an expensive restaurant, They're very friendly people. * Adjectives usually come before nouns: It’s an expensive restaurant. Adjectives can also come after the verb to be: ‘My teacher is very young. * An adjective does not change. It is always the same for singular, plural, masculine and feminine nouns. a clever girl clever girls a clever boy clever boys Practice 5 Write sentences with an adjective and a noun. 1 small / rooms The rooms are small. They're small rooms, 2 not / long / story it's not a long story. The story’s not long. 3. happy / children 4 dirty / restaurant 5 heavy / books 6 cold / house 7 quiet / village 8 not / cheap / clothes 9. pretty / garden 10 difficult / languageNouns andadjectives STAGE 1 6 my, your, her, his ... : possessive adjectives That's my daughter. Is this your book? This is her office. I've got their phone number. Personal Possessive pronouns adjectives 1 = my yu | your she - her he = his it | oo its we - our they | o> their Notes ‘+ my, your, her, his, its, our, their do not change. They are the same with singular and plural nouns: Here's my book. 1 like their car Here are my books. Tike their cars. ‘= ‘The possessive its has no apostzophe (’) The cat likes its food. NOT Fhecat keris food, Practice 6 Complete the sentences with my, your, her, his, its, our or their. 1 Alison is doing ../#.. homework, 2 Doyou live with .yeur.. parents? 3 We love new house. 4 He's in office 5 The children are with grandmother. 6 Illke new job. 7 Are you and your sister enjoying .. English classes? 8 Amsterdam is famous for soe. Canals. 9. She's with boyfriend, 10 They haven't got -- umbrellas. 11 She's in bedroom. 12 He's looking for ..... soos shoes, 13 1 like visiting friends at the weekend. 14 Are the teachers having meeting now? 15 Have you got s..---.scseee++ Passport?Nouns and aijectves STAGE 1 7 Sylvia’s mother: the possessive with S This is Derek's bike Anne's paintings are beautiful The doctor’s surgery is in that street. That's the cat's bowl © For people and sometimes animals, add ’s for possession. i Notes ‘© After a singular name or noun, the possessive is always ’s This is Sue’s bag, These are Sue's bags. ‘© When the name is plural and ends in s, add *: My parents flat is quite small The girls’ bedroom ts upstairs © When the name is plural but does not end in s, add ’s: The children's coats are here. The men's toilets are closed. Emma and Paul's car is outside © We also use 's with time words: A week's holiday, today’s weather, yesterday's newspaper * And we use s’ with plural time words Two weeks" holiday Practice Ta Write the sentences again using the name in brackets. 1 These are her books. (Anne) These are Anne's books, Where is his coat? (Andrew) Where 5 Andrews coat? 3. Is that his car? (your brother) 4 It’s on her desk, (the teacher)Nowns and aijecives STAGE1 lis dinner is here, (the dog) 6 Her children are at school now. (Judy) 7 It’s her idea. (my wife) 8 Its leg is broken. (that bird) 9 His new bike is really good. (Jeff) 10 Here’s her telephone number. (the doctor) Tb Write the sentences with the apostrophe (’) in the correct place. 1 These are Susans keys. Those are Susan's keys. 2 1like your husbands haircut. Iike your husband's haircut. 3 Those are Robert and Sarahs children. 4 There is a teachers meeting on Mondays. 5. Are the childrens coats in the car? 6 The mens clothes are upstairs. 7. Alices mother is very il. 8 We have a months holiday in the summer, 9. The students exams stert nexi week 10 This is my mothers dress.‘Nouns and enjecives STAGED 8 Other possessives [The bank is at the end of the road There is 2 cafe at the top of the hill. © Possession for things: noun + of + noun. * After the front, back, side, top, bottom, end, beginning, we always use of + noun: It’s in the front of the car NOT Hsia eae front: Have you got the car keys? Can you close the batiroom door? ‘© With common nouns (eg. car, school, town, garden, kitchen, bedroom, sea, country, hotel) of is not necessary. We usually say the bathroom door and Nor Practice 8 Complete the sentences. 1 Have you got my ..catKew9.,? (keys/car) 2 There's a chair at the ..tap.¢f the aarden... (garden/top) 3. Can you close the rst eevee? (Wwindow/bedroom) 4 The money is in my (room/hotel) 5 [met Sarah at the -...cccccee oe « (gates/school) 6 They live at the ...... encenngenenipreteraneeneeme ns «) SOLD OREM 7 There's an old tree at the voc eoscsersnessessiessesnenens « (ouse/side) 8 Where's the... — sesseees « (light/bathroom) 9 We always meet at the . (clock/town) 10 The ... (air/sea) is very good for you.Nouns and adjectives STAGE 1 9 this, that, these, those: demonstrative adjectives and pronouns ‘These chips are cold. What are those birds? © this, that, these, those + noun: demonstrative adjective. ae = T [oh nernesom That's the bathroom. BE These are my cases: Those are my glasses. © this, that, these, those + verb: demonstrative pronoun. This is singular. It is used with something that is here, next to the speaker. That is singular. It is used with something that is there, not next to the speaker. Perhaps the speaker is looking at it or pointing to it. ‘These is plural. It is used with things that are here, next to the speaker. Those is plural. It is used with things that are there, not next to the speaker.Nouns andadjestives STAGE 1 Pam is taller than Helen. Pam's hair is longer than Helen's. Helen's heavier than Pam. Helen's stronger than Pam. USE © To compare two things. FORM © adjective + er: old older tall mm taller One-syllable adjectives, add er. happy > happier easy = easier ‘Two-syllable adjectives ending in y, change y + i and add er. * spelling: big - bigger fa fatter thin > thinner nice nicer ‘When a one-syllable adjective ends with a vowel and one consonant, double the consonant before er. For adjectives ending in e, add r. © Irregular comparative adjectives: good — better, bad — worse. Practice 10a Write the comparative adjective. fast faster | thin slow - heavy | strong, old dirty |b big | small angry | bad _] [lens | happy good cold | clean - = — ZZ | fat short pee‘Nouns and adjectives “ STAGE 10b Complete these sentences using the comparative. £4.00 1 Vegetables .are.cizaper.thag, meat 2. This bag of potatoes /e.heavier than this bag of tomatoes. cee sc —— EEE TEE 3) Spain... .. England, my old one. © The coast road to the TOWN .......:scssseiesessssseseneeeseentiee the mountain road.Nounsandadjectives STAGE 1 her older sister's. 8 My father oe 1 my mother. We Write sentences with comparative adjectives using words from each part of the table, | Saglish heavy ] rotate eats | aren ® | old buses My suitcase long | the Mediterranean | My father short planes | Boats ear | the Statue of Liberty The Mississippi fast | Japanese | The Atlantic cold cotton wool | ae Trains tall your suitease |_ The Empire State building slow | my mother 1 English ./s Karen ./e sharker than her twelve-year-old son. My suitcase My father Boats The Mississippi ............. The Atlantic Wool . THAIS scassscssivivesvioes 10 The Empire State Building .. 5Verbs 11am, is, are: Present Simple tense of verb to be STAGE 1 FORM Positive Negative Long Short [Long ort Question 1am tm Tam not n not amt... You are You're You are not You aren't Are you ... ? She is She's She is not | She isn’t Is she... He is He's He is not He isn’t Is he Itis It’s | tis not Itisn't Isit..? We are We're We are not We aren’t Are we ...? They are | They’te | They are not —_| They aren't ‘Are they .. ? Note: We can always use the positive short form after pronouns (I'm, you're, she’s, he's it's we're, they're) but we cannot always use it after nouns, > See Appendix 3 on short forms. Practice 1a Write the short form. 1 tis a lovely day. It a lovely day 2. We are not students. We aren’t students. 3. Lam sorry. 4. She is not here today. 5. They are in the garden. 6 Itis not very warm, 7 He is American. 8 Tam not very well. 9 You are very cold. 10 We are late. 11b Complete the sentences with am, is or are. 1. She ./S.. in my class. 2 They .4°@., not in my office. 3B Tssseesssee from Spain, 4 He. . a. good teacher. SHOW ceecceees YOU? 6 she coming? % they at home? 8 The BOOK .........-- here. 9. The class very big 10 The books .. on my desk. 11 My sister and 1 . leaving. 12 Te sseeee mot my pen. 13 ..ssseees English very difficult? 4 Tright?12 has, have got Vers STAGE FORM Positive Negative 1 (Pre got) T You (You've got) || You | have not We | PV 8" (we've got) |] We | (haven't) | 8° They (They've got) || They | She (She's got) || She He | has got _| (He's got) He a got tt d’s gon || Question. Short answers 1 1 you 2 Yes, | you have. Have we am; No, we haven't. they they f she ] she Yes, has. | Has. ie Bott || No, he hasn't. > See Appendix 3 on short forms, USE, Possession: She's got thiee cats. Have you got acart We've got three children. He hasn’t got many friends. + Illnesses: ‘ve got a bad cold. Has he got 2 headache? © Descriptions: He's got brown hair, blue eyes and a long nose. We can also use have for possession: They have « big house. Do you have a job? I don't have enough money But in British English have got is more common than have for possession. 7Verts STAGET Practice 12a Complete the sentences with has and have got. Use the short forms ‘ve got and 's got. 1 She..29f,, a beautiful bedroom, 7, Sarah ............ a NEW car. 2 You..¥8.g9f...a very nice bike. 8 Voces a terrible headache. 3 He very long hair. 9 The dog . a broken leg. 4. They: two houses. 10 Alison ........0+ a very good job, 5 a bad foot. Ui He ... a lot of friends 6 alot of problems. 12 Julie beautiful hair, 12b Look at the two pictures. Picture A; Jill is in a restaurant. Picture B: Her sister Jenny is in a restaurant. The pictures are nearly the same but there are ten differences. Write sentences about the differences, using 's got and hasn't got 1 .wlllnasm® aoe. a glass of water. ..wey.2.aok. a glass of water. 2 wlll a9t.. a fork, wenn hasnt aof..a fork, 3 anapkin. a napkin 4 a menu, a menu 5 a bag. giagransranecn ses aa bie 6 «a coat. os sssseeeans a COAL, F a lighter, pecs cesses lighter. 8 a watch sctenseeontion sree AMEE, 9 sous @ newspaper a newspaper 0. .a ring srraunntesreemcerrcem i Tag 18Verbs STAGE 12c Jack is going on holiday to France. His friend is checking that he has got everything. In your notebook, write questions about the following using “Have you got your... ?” swimming costume umbrella travel clock camera French phrase book —_ passport address book _ ticket, French francs _ sunglasses. ‘Then look at Jack’s suilcase and answer the questions with Yes, I have. or No, I haven't. Example: 1 Have you got: your swimming costume? “Yes, | have.” 2 ‘Have you got your umbrelia?’'No, | haven't.” 12d Complete the questions and answers. 1‘ .Has.. she .92t.. a sister?” ‘No, she hasn't, , 2. «.Have.. you .92f.. a telephonet’ Yes, I have 2 we .... the tickets?’ ‘Yes, we ¢ 4‘ the town ....... a theatre?’ ‘No, it ... f x he a job?’ ‘No, he x 6 your friends . some good music?" ‘Yes, they 2 7 I .... time for a cup of coffee?" "Yes, you 8 your son a cold?’ ‘Yes, he ....... . 6 they . a garden?” “No, they } 10° you good hotel room?” “Yes, we :Verbs STAGE 1 13 I walk to school: Present Simple tense: positive FORM. — . _— I | | She | You | work. He — | works. We It They | © She, he, it: add s to the verb. Ri She ] teach. He teaches. We It They * Verbs ending in sh, ch, ss, 0 or x, e.g. teach, wash, watch, go: add es to the verb after she, he, it You she We carry. He (caries They © Verbs ending in consonant + y, e.g. carry, study, cry: change y ~* ¢ and add es after she, he, it. . > See Appendix 2 on spelling rules. USE * To give a general description of a person or thing, Not for an activity happening now. © With think, know, understand, agree, want (verbs that are not activities). « With sometimes, often, always, usually, never, occasionally (adverbs of frequency). These adverbs usually go before the present simple verb: She often goes there. He doesn’t often go there. Do you sometimes go there? ‘* With repeated times. e.g. every Saturday, in the evening (= every evening). at 8 o'clock (= at 8 o'clock every day), in the summer (= every summer) Practice 13a Complete the sentences with the verb in the correct form. 1 Children , 29k., a lot of questions. (ask) 2 ¢.. classical music. (love) 3° You always .... my birthday. (forget) 4 She never .. tome, (listen) 5 They usually .... coffee after their evening meal. (drink)Verbs STAGE 1 @ Mecameddstonsse . to work when the weather's cold. (drive) 7 My parents usually to our house on Sundays. (come) 8 They two languages at school. (learn) 9. The village shop .. 10 We wsssseee II He often . at 8 o'clock in the morning. (open) her a diary every year. (give) .. with his brother. (fight) 12 You never me with my homework. (help) ~ 13 Big dogs a lot of exercise. (like} 14 He Arabic. (understand). 15. LeSSONS ...scsseesssnseseesees at 9 o'clock every morning. (start) 13b Complete the sentences with the verb in the correct form. 1 She .4g¢s.. to college on her bike. (go) 2 Alot of bitds ..fly.. south in the winter. (fly) 3 She... very hard at the weekends. (study) 4 My father stelevision most evenings. (watch) 5S Loften secs sees at the cinema. (cry) 6 SHE ..sesssesseeere A LOL OF homework in the evenings. (do) 7 A mother cat ... her kittens. (wash) B YOU sssesscsrssseeees language very well. (teach) 9 He the shopping for his grandmother. (carry) 10 He's very naughty ~ he ....ssseeeeee other children. (push) 13c Write the sentences again, using she or he. 1 Lalways listen to the radio in the mornings. (She) She always listens to the radio in the mornings. 2 [take the dog for a walk every day. (He) He takes the dog for a walk every day. 3. Tusually buy all the food. (She) 4 [teach history and Latin. (She) 5 I walk to the office every day. (He) aVerbs STAGE 6 I never wash the car. (She) 7 Lopen the building every morning. (He) 8 [occasionally write letters to my old school friends. (He) 9 I drink a lot of tea with my breakfast. (He) 10 1 watch the football on television every Saturday. (She) 18d In your notebook, write sentences in the present simple about these people. Name: (Ms) Sarah Jones Name: (Ms) Deniz Ulgen Nationality: British Nationality: Turkish Address: 3, Clapham Terrace, | | Address: Buyuk Caddesi 15, London, $.W. 2. Kizilay, Ankara, Turkey Job: Bank cashier Job: Hotel receptionist Hobbies: I play tennis and Hobbies: I play chess and go | work in the garden to concerts | Languages: French and a Languages: English little Spanish German Name: (Mi) Pierre Moulin Name (Ms) Maria Protopapas Nationality: French Nationality: Greek Address: 15, rue du Nord, Address: Agios Pedros 9, 94250 Gentilly, Galatsi 11142 Paris, France Athens, Greece | Job: Shop manager Job: Schoo! teacher | Hobbies: I paint and listen Hobbies: 1 go for long walks and | to music play volleyball Languages: Some English and a | | Languages: Fluent English and little Talian some Arabic Example: Sarah Jones comes from Eritain. She lives in London. She works in a bank She often plays tennis and works in the garden She speaks French and a little Spanish Deniz, Ulgen ... Pierre Moulin ... Maria ProtopapasVerts STAGE 14 Present Simple tense: questions FORM ; — she ou i Do ” live ..2, || Does | he live they it © Question form: do, does + subject + infinitive, © There is no s at the end of the verb in questions: She lives ... but Does she live ...? NOT Bees-she-tes ...? Short answers 1 T you you do not. Yes, | we do. No. | we (don't) they they | she she T Yes, | he does. No, |he | does not It it (doesn’t) Practi ‘Ma Add do or does to make questions and do, don’t, does or doesn’t to make short answers. 1 *,2oes.. she live with her parents?’ ‘Yes, she .4¢8.. * Be. you like your job?’ ‘No, 1 donk.’ T speak Italian well?” "Yes, you ssesesessseseee 2 you drive to work?” “No, I anenesd . they work hard at university?’ “Yes, they .. . Alan smoke?’ ‘No, he your sister visit you very often?” “Yes, she ...... weal we usually give her a birthday present?’ ‘No, we you write to your parents very often?’ ‘No, 1... he help you very much?” “Yes, he ...Verbs STAGET 14b 14 Make these sentences into questions. 1 The shop closes at 5 o'clock. Does the shop close at 5 o'clock? 2. They go swimming every weekend. Do they go swimming every weekend? 3 She speaks English well. 4 Itrains a lot here in winter. 5 You drink a lot of tea. 6 Teat too much, doctor. 7 Tony often plays golf at the weekends. 8 His friends visit him most evenings. Write the questions in the present simple. 1 Where / you / work? Where do you work? 2 what / she / do? What does she do? 3. Where / he / live? 4 What music / your husband / like? 5 When / she / do her homework? 6 Why / we / learn Latin? 7 Who / she / teach? 8 How /1/ turn on the television?15 Present Simple tense: negatives Vorts STAGE FORM. : | she You do not does not ” we — | (don') | HRe He fldoesnty | RE = | They - _ | | © Negative form: Subject + do not, does not + infinitive. Note: There is no s at the end of the verb in the negative: She likes ... but She doesn’t like .., NOT She-dacsat likes, Practice 15 Change these sentences from the positive to the negative. 1 She works very hard. She doesn't work very hard. 2 It usually snows here in the winter, 3. [like a big breakfast every morning. 4 The film starts very early. 5 He swims every morning. 6 They always open the windows at night. 7 We often see our neighbours in the garden 8 Chris goes on holiday every year. 9 You drive very fast. 10 These young children learn very quickly. 5Verbs STAGE 1 16 Present Simple tense Check ‘Ga Complete the boxes. Use the verb work. Positive Negative _ I ‘You. eee, work, They They She | She He He : |" 1 1 Question Short answers {Il | | ves, you Do a]]NO, | oes | they | he 2|| Yes. Fe ‘ [Ne jr 1Gb Complete the conversation, putting the verbs into the present simple. A: Hello. Nice to see you. |, you work (work) here? B: Yes, Ido. I'm the head waiter. Az Oh good. ANG !....---seccreseeessess YOU soos (like) it? BE Ob Ves, TS scscsassinn (love) it here. It's an excellent restaurant. The chef‘ ---s++- (c00K) wonderful food and the waiters all ssssoseesssnees (WOTK) very hard. The only problem is that 1 4 sessssssesees (HOI/go Out) In the evenings any more because I’m always busy here. A: Ah, that’s why we’ B: That’s right. I only * (not/see) you now at the club. (have) one evening free and I usually * (stay) at home then. ®. socseseee Maria (go) to the club now? ‘A: Oh yes, she does. She "..... ac ccusseseaseesees YOU (See) her? (talk) about you sometimes.Veros STAGE 1 B: No, don't about this new job. I“. sssssssestses (telephone) her sometimes but I'm always busy and she "..... sees (not/know) she’s always out A: Well, she (go out) quite often. But 1 a (know) she "ccs - (want) 10 see you again. B: Look at the door! It’s Maria, She’s coming in here. vAllary, TMaRUATERA 77, AVerbs STAGE 17 was, were: Past Simple tense of verb to be FORM Negative Positive Long Short Question Iwas Twas not I wasn't Was | You were You were not You weren't | Were you... 2 She was She was not She wasn’t Was she ...2 He was He was not He wasn't Was he ... ? Tt was It was not It wasn’t Was it ...? We were We were not We weren't Were we... 1 ‘They were | They were not ‘They weren't. | Were they ... Practice ‘Ta Complete the sentences using was or were. 1 He..¥2¢., very tired yesterday. 2. They ..were, not very happy together. 3 YOU... Very angry with me last night. 4 Her doctor ........... not very helpful. 5 They in France last summer, 6 Mr Jones ............ not in the office yesterday. 71 in bed all morning. 8 it not very warm in the swimming pool. 9 You ......1... not very friendly to my sister. 10 She a beautiful baby. 11 The children 21 13 Ruth. on holiday last week. . awake early this morning, not with them in the restaurant. 14 It... a very nice letter. 15 We very pleased to see you. 16 Callum and his brother Josh .......... here last night, 17b Complete the story, adding was and were. It '..#28.. a beautiful day. The sun * hot and the sky ?........00, blue. James and Wendy * three children. The children °... on the beach. They *......---.-.-+. with their in the sea, The $ea "os... bit cold but the children Very happy. There ?......1sse- lots of other children in the sea too: some of them "...-......- im the water withVerbs STAGET their parents. Wendy and James ".... .on the sand and James .-«. asleep with a book on his face. Buit suddenly there #. grey clouds all over the sky and the sun “............. not hot any more, The hed and there “. and wet people everywhere. A British summer holiday! beautiful weather ®...........-+. fi .. wet picnics 17¢ In your notebook, write questions and answers about the story above, using was or were. 1 The weather nice? Was the weather nice?" "Yes, it was a beautiful day. 2. Where/James and Wendy? Where were James and Wendy?" “They wore on the beach. Where/their children? Other children in the sea? James and Wendy in the sea? James awake? What/on James’ face? Sunny all day? The holidaymakers wet in the end? 10 Where/this beach? Caer ann ey 174 In your notebook, write ten questions about a friend’s trip to London, using the table below, Then choose a short answer for each question, theundergroundtraine | warm? sheweather comfortable? the streets beautiful? Yes, it was. the people friendly? No, it wasn’t. Was the parks busy? Were —_| the airport clean? Yes, they were. the museums expensive? No. they weren't the shops good? the hotel fest? the food interesting? Examples: ‘Were the underground trains fast?" Yes, thay were ‘Wae the weather warm2"’No, It wasn’Vebs STAGE 1 18 /walked to school: Past Simple tense: positive 0 FORM 1, You He, She, It walked We, They © Add ed to regular verbs. The verb is the same for all persons: I, you, she, hhe, it, we and they. Notes Spelling: Verbs ending in: like = liked fe, add d. study studied consonant + y, change y+ i + ed sop = stopped vowel + consonant, double the consonant and add ed. , © y and w at the end of a word are not consonant sounds. So verbs ending in y ‘or w do not double the consonant phy = played > See Appendix 2 on spelling rules. USE * We use the past simple to talk about the past. Practice. ‘Ba Write the past simple of these verbs. [stay [stayed | [listen | (| [sudy | ‘| rain rained love cry help wash work cary | stop start went |! ask live play look watch walk { open like ‘Bb Complete these sentences in the past simple. 1 1 .gtayed.. at home all weekend. (stay) 2. She . cried. all night. (cry) 8) Wha every day last week. (rain) BW vercesee to her very carefully. (listen) 5 He - her very much. (love) 6 The shop socsssees at § o'clock. (close) 7 My friends to stay all weekend. (want)19 Past Simpl Verbs STAGET je tense: positive: irregular verbs We saw a good T bought all my Christmas presents at the weekend, hhad a good time at the party. 1, You, She, He, It, We, They © The verb is the same for all persons: f, you, she, he, it, we and they. © There are a lot of imegular verbs. Practice ! 19 Complete the tables below. > See the list of irregular verbs in Appendix 1 Infinitive Past simple Infinitive _ Past simple Infinitive Past simple bring give [run buy went | saw come | have | ~ shut do know |) swim drank ret |Prake «id drove | dost | taught | find make tell flew meet iE thought | torget | “| put understand [set un) | _ a __ | || ate ~ {I 3Vers STAGE! 20 Past simple tense: positive Check 20a Write these sentences in the past simple. 1 Isee my parents every weekend. (last weekend) { saw my parents last weekend. 2. Matthew always asks a lot of questions, (this morning) 3. They go to the mountains in the winter. (last winter) 4, Julie meets Tom from school every afternoon. (this afternoon) 5 Jenny watches a lot of television at the weekends. (on holiday) 6 He eats a lot in the evenings. (last night) 7 The programme starts at 7.30 every Friday. (this morning) 8 [love cycling at the weekends. (when I was a child) 9 We always have a nice time with them. (on holiday) 10 The garden looks lovely in the spring. (last spring) 2Verbs STASET 20b Complete the sentences about Kelly's morning using a verb in the past simple, Use the vers in the box. read get dressed leave Raveashower — turn on we brush “getsp —makea cupoftea eat wash ‘QY 3Verbs STAGE | 21 Past Simple tense: questions and negatives FORM Question Subject Infinitive 1 you she walk? Did he go? it come? we | they * Did + subject + infinitive for all persons and all verbs, regular and irregular. Did you go... ? Did you walk... 2 NOT Did-youwert—2 Did -yeu-watked 2 Negative Subject__| did not Infinitive I You She did not walk He (didn’t) £0. It come. We | They 7 © Subject + did not + infinitive for all persons and all verbs, regular and irregular. He did not go NOT Ho-did-neewent— Practice 21 In your notebook, put these sentences into the past simple. Write them in the positive form, the question form and the negative form. 1 She gets up early in the morning. She got up early in the morring. Did she get up early in the morning? She didn't get up early in the morning. 2. He teaches history at the university. He taugit history at the university. Did he teach history at the university? He didn’s teach history at the university.Ves STAGE They leave home at 8 o'clock. 4 He stays in very good hotels. You smoke a lot 6 I look very tired 7 We stop at Oxford. 8 The restaurant closes at 11 o’clock. 9 Pam buys a lot of clothes. 10 The birds fly away to other counties. 22 Past Simple tense: times in the past [Last night / week / month / year | Three minutes / hours / days / nights / weeks / months / years ago Practice 2 _Answer the questions using last or ago and the words in brackets, 1 When did you speak to Peter? (week) Last week. 2. When did they buy that car? (two years) 3. When did we clean the windows? (six months) 4 When did the film start? (five minutes) 5 When did you see your cousin? (three years) 6 When did she sop smoking? (month) 7 When did it stop raining? (two hours) 8 When did they Ps to Australia (year) 9° When did Max phone? (night) 10 When did you find your wallet (half an hour) 35Vebs STAGE 23 Past Simple tense Check 2_ Complete the conversation with the verbs in the past simple, A: Where ' id you ae. (you/go) for your last summer holiday? B: We? went. (go) to Egypt A: Oh really? How interesting! §....-ccccssseenesene (YOU/enjoy) it? B: Oh yes, we‘... scores Patil Ba sese (love) the River Nile and I... (think) the pyramids and all the historical sights ’. sesseseeneee (De) fascinating, A: How long *...... (vou/stay)? B: For four weeks. We... s--ssses (be) there for the whole of October. A: How nice. $0 YOU ".......:seeusse (have) lots of time to travel round. B: Yes. we! ~ well, quite a lot. But we only Yc coceensssseeeassnees (See) a few places so I'd like to go again. A: Paccanqnscmsiucneg (you/leam) any Egyptian Arabic? B: but Paul ®.. ntl .. (study) the language for a few weeks before we (go). 1 sss (find) a good Arabic language cassette in the local library and that "..... 7 (be) very helpful. AL®. .-- (you/talk) to the local people? B: Not really, but 1 (know) how to order food and drink in the cafés and restaurants. ‘A: Well, that’s good. YS ALIS, DUELS ccsseeeeiee (want) to talk to people too so I'm still studying Arabic and I hope to go again next year. Well, best of luck!Verbs STAGE 24° go + to, fora, ...ing Would you like to go for a walk? [often go for a swim before work. | They go sailing at the weekends. | We went skiing last winter. * goto ...: go to England, town, the cinema. © go for a...: go fora walk, a meal, a run, a swim, a drink, a game of tennis. * go ...ing: go climbing, skiing, swimming, fishing, sailing, walking, riding, birdwatching. go + ...ing with sports. And go shopping. But we do not use go + playing. NOT Wewené-playing tenis, Practice 24 Complete the sentences. Aa fi meals EMA [WOURNEY 70 PLANET Oy Teal I went .#2., the cinema. last night. My father often goes ........ at the weekends. 7Verbs STASET We went this morning Vd like to go a .«. this afternoon.Prepositions 25 at, on, in as prepositions of place [saw her at the bus stop, Can I meet you at the cinema? # at a place: @x at the bus stop/cinema Your books are on the table. ‘The painting looks nice on this wall. © ona line or suriace: —&_ onthe table » on the wall Philip’s in the kitchen. Your bag's in the car. STAGE 1 * ina place = inside. The place is not a line or surface: it has walls or sides: fp in the kitchen/car /o7 in the garden/park/town And we use in with names of towns and countries: in Britain, in Paris, Note: We say: in a car, ona bus, om a train, Practice 25 Complete these sentences with at, on or in. 1 Do you live ..it.. Manchester? 2. He was .a%, the bus stop for half an hour. 3. Are the plates........... the cupboard? 4 Look at the example ............ the board. 5S Imet my girlfriend ........... a party. 6 Kathy's not here ~ she’s .. work at the moment. 7 Are my books that shell? 8 My toothbrush isn’t ........... the bathroom, Where is it? 9. She usually sits ........... the floor. 10 Is your daughter happy ............ school? 11 We had breakfast ..........4 the garden. 12. There are t00 many CIS se... the tad.Prepositions 27 at, on, inas prepositions of time hey finish school at 4 o'clock. The children usuelly have a story at bedtime. _| © at a point in time: at one o'clock, half past five, midnight; at lunchtime, dinnertime: at the end of the lesson. Tsaw her on Monday. “| My birthday’s on 4th September. + on a day or date: on Tiesday, Thursday; on Ist April, 4th June; on the first day of spring. Tusually work in the mornings. [ The weather's very nice here in the summer. * in a period of time: in the moming, afternoon, evening; in April, May, June; in the summer, winter; in 1992. Notes + on Wednesday, in the afternoon, on Wednesday afternoon. * in the morning, afterncon, evening, but at night * on Curisimas Eve, Independence Day, Easter Sunday, but at Christmas, at New Year. Practice 27 Complete the sentences with at, on or én, 1 College starts .4¢. 9 o'clock in the morning. 2. Tusually go swimming 21. Tuesdays, 3 Tgot up +. 7 o'clock this morning, 4 Jim came round Saturday afternoon. 5. The children get too many presents Christmas. © We usually take cur holiday September. 7 They don’t go out very often ............ the evenings. 8 She was born jp Australia .... 1952. 9 always go arfi see her her birthday. 10 She phoned up .......... the beginning of the match on TY, 11 They usually come and stay with us the summer holidays. 12 We moved here .......... 20th October. STAGES aSTAGE 1 Gerunds and infinitives 28 ‘I like swimming: like, don’t like + gerund Do you like learning | He likes working at home. I don’t like driving USE © ‘The gerund is like a noun. We use it after the verb like. © Love and hate also take the gerund. love going to the cinema. She hates getting up in the moming, FORM * infinitive + ing: go > going drink + drinking Notes © No attides: ‘There is no article (the, a, an) before a gerund: like swimming, NOT Hike-ie-sasieinige * be + being Do not take off the e. © spelling Verbs ending in: come coming —_consonant + e, take off the e. win swimming vowel + consonant one-syllable verbs, double the consonant te - ying fe, ie changes to y.Gerunds and infntives STAGE EEE Practice 28a Write the gerund of these verbs. be being play clean cleaning smoke come ” stay do study fy | swim get (up) teach | give ‘watch listen | work live write | 28b Complete the following sentences using a gerund from the exercise above. Use each gerund only ance. 1 My father loves ..!/sfening.. to music. 2 Rosie likes .coming.. to our house. 3. Peter doesn’t Hike .....s sss the car so Tusually do it 4 Do you like . in the sea? 5. She loves sos Presents. 6 Ihate letters. 7 Jess loves .. a mother. 8 Thate cesses = the smell of cigarettes is terrible. 9 Idon’t like ... 1+. 80 I travel everywhere by train or boat. 10 My friends and 1 love 11 Joe likes 12 Everyone in my family hates .... .-. ball games on the beach. television after a long day at college. . on Monday mornings. 13 Does Caroline like ....... soo young children? 14 I don’t like the lessons at college but I like . the library. 15 Greg always hates ... 16 Trisha doesn’t really like ... .. his homework. ... in an office. 17 Anne and | love .. in the countryside. 18 Felix really likes in good hotels.Gerunds and infintves STAGE 1 29 I'd like to go to the beach: would like + to-infinitive Td like to go to the beach. Would you like to meet my boss? © Would like is a polite way of saying want. © After would like we use the to-infinitive (not the gerund) Practice 29a Complete the sentences, using a verb from the box. ask be bay come Rave pay play see stay 1 Would you like to @¥2,. lunch with us tomorrow? 1d like to ., uy..a new pair of jeans. 3 Would you like to s. by the window? 4 I'd better leave now. I wouldn't like to . late for the meeting, 5 Do you think Rosa would like to tennis with us? 6 My parents would like to ai a new hotel. 7? We'd like to him a few questions. 8 Excuse me. I'd like to the bill now, please. 9 We're having a party on Saturday. Would you like to 10 I'd like to .... that new film tonight 29b Complete the sentences, putting the verbs into the correct form (gerund after like, see exercise 28, or to-infinitive after would like). 1 Do you like . geeting,? (cook) 2 Would you like .£9.99.. for a walk? (go) 3 I'd like - you again. (see) 4) My brother likes .............. t0 the theatre. (go) 5 Does Amber like ... with her parents? (live) 6 She'd like - the world. (travel) 7 We'd like to the manager, please. (speak) 8 Do you think Francis would like . my bike? (buy) 9. The cat likes .........4... mice into the house. (bring) 10 Do you like computer games? (play)STAGE 1 Sentence structure 30 He always gets up early: frequency adverbs with the Present Simple tense He always gels up early. | I don’t often go to the cinema. © The adverb goes between the subject and the verb, * In negative sentences the adverb goes between don’t/doesn’t and the verb. Practice 30 Rewrite these sentences in the correct order. 1 to the mountains / never / we / go We never go to the mountains 2 often / she / write to me / doesn’t 3. play football on Saturday afternoons / the boys / always 4 usually / arrives late / the bus 5 go to bed before 11 / often / 1 6 never / drinks coffee in the evening / she 7 it/ sain in the summer / often / doesn't 8 read books slowly / 1 / always 9. usually / my father / goes to work by bus 10 always / go to the beach at the weekend / we 45STAGE 1 TEST 1 aati PartA Fill each gap with a suitable word to complete Andrew’s letter to his pen-friend, Dear Tose, Tork you For your lebber. Tk was se inkeresting. And hank you For Lhe phokographs. Your vilage Woks beakifl. Now T Would Hike Lo Eel you a LEtle about myself ONE “mnnmmmerum FORMIhy. T kve *. 0 Lown bok 40 miles (that’s abot o4 kilometres) From London. I’ve * one brokher ond one sisker ond we al ~.. wm Lo the local school. My mother’s kouwist officer ond she *. weve EO LORMCA "ass sue Ee rain every doy. My father’s @ compuber programmer ond he ofken works *. hone. AL the weekends I often play Football wikh the school beam, I suman O& Che local pool. ®. iS 0 very sometimes go ” 904 gym ak Lhe pool. boo. T look Fonsara bo your neck letber Gest wishes, Andres SCORING 0 ie: lve eae oe Jor Raeteece nae score [J] PartB . Circle the correct words to complete the sentences. 1 Do/Does you usually go home for lunch? I start work on/at 9 o'clock. That/Those dogs are very noisy. What you did/did you do yesterday? Have you goi/Do you have got your passport? Do you enjoy to read/reading? Is your sister older than/old than you? There is/There are some new books in the library.Test! STAGE 9 Where was/were you last night? 10 Did you stay ai/in home at the weekend? ‘SCORING 10 points: Cive yourself a point for each correct answer. Score Part C Write the conversation in your notebook. Put the verbs into the correct tense and form and add all the other words you need (e.g. a, an, at, in, and, did) A: You / have / nice time / London / the weekend? B: Yes, / I. / 1/ stay with / old friend from school / we / have / wonderful time together. / Saturday / we / go / art gallery / the morning, / concert / the afternoon / Italian restaurant / the evening. / It / be / great weekend. / What about you? / You / have / nice weekend? A: It / not be / very interesting. / I / stay / home / all weekend. B: Why / you / not go out? A: I / not feel / very well. B: Oh. I/ be / sorry about that. A: That / be / all right. / 1 / be / better now. SCORING 20 points: Take off a point for each mistake. score [_] Part D Write the words in the correct order to make sentences. 1 2 3 brother / has / a / your / job / got? buildings / are / this / there / beautiful / town / some / in. history / mother / the / their / college / at / teaches. a7Testi STAGE 4 music / like / the / 1 / evenings / listening / in / to. 5 her / taller / all / is / Angela / sisters / than. 6 lights / are / the / in / those / sky / what? 7 you / time / do / work / finish / what? 8 at/ yesterday / were / not / school / they. 9 phone / she / me / the / not / at / weekend / did. 10 in / sometimes / winter / go / the / I / skiing. SCORING 10 points: Give yourself a point for each correct answer. Score TOTAL SCORE Maximum 50 points: Add up your score. Total ScoreSTAGE 2 Nouns, adjectives and adverbs 31 the and a, an: definite and indefinite articles She's got a girl and a boy. The girl He gave me a book and a cassette. | liked the book but I didn’t like the sette very much, * a + singular noun - the first time we say the noun. * a = one. a is not particular. * the + singular/plural noun ~ the second time we say the noun. the is particular. Practice 31 Complete the sentences using a, an or the. 1. I’ve got...2., lighter and... 2., box of matches but ..£%¢.. lighter doesn’t work very well 2° There's..2., doctor and...2., nurse in .th¢., village but. the,, doctor's getting rather old now. 3 I bought _sandwich and ............ piece of cake. ... sandwich was all right but .............. cake was horrible. 4 woman and two men were here a few moments ago. I think - woman wanted to see you 5 They've got ..... Og AND a essssseseene CAL, rabbit and some goldfish but the children like ............ dog best 6 He sent me two letters and ....... postcard while he was on holiday. posteard didn’t say much but letters were very interesting. 7 You can have... APPLE OF a seseseees OTAMG. cseeessseeees APPIES: are nice and sweet. 8B There's... plum tree and sss peach tree in our garden, peach tree doesn’t produce many peaches but plum tree produces lots of plums every year. 9 There's... theatre and two cinemas in town but one of : cinemas is closing down. TO There's ....s.eescee0s train at 2.00 and one at 3.30. .....ccsssee+ 2,00 train takes two hours and 3.30 train takes hour and al. u 48"Nouns, adjentives and adverbs STAGE 2 32 The articles a and the That's a nice car. Did you clean the car? (the car = our car, or this car) We've got a dog. (the dog = our dog, or the dog that Where's the dog? lives here) You've got a big garden. (the garden = our garden, or the garden ‘The dog's in the garden, at this house) Is there a station in this town? The station is in the town centre. (the station the station in this town) This is an interesting book. The author has some very unusual ideas. (the author = the author of this book) ‘The café next to the station (We know which café. It is the café next is open all night. to the station.) © a, an + singular noun: That's a nice car, There are other nice cars and we are talking about one of them. © the + singular or plural noun: the = one in particular. We are talking about a known object, person or animal. The speaker and listener know which one itis. It is not one of many. Itis one in particular: Did you clean the car? ‘We are talking about our car. There is only one of these. EE Practice 32 Complete the sentences using a, an or the. 1 This is ..2.. beautiful painting. Does 2 2 Tbought..4,, new toothbrush this morning and I can’t find it. I'm sure 1 artist live near here? put itin , the, bathroom. 3 Can you get ......-s.00 fresh cream cake when you're out? shop on... corner usually sells them. AWS ccoccccssseeee Very Mice School and ...........0.. teachers are all really hard-working. 5 ‘Look! There's eat I eens garden? “Yes, it’s .. cat from next door? 6 ‘There's .. man at door. He wants to see you” We stayed in ...... comfortable and «very nice hotel. ........-. TOOM Was .. food was excellent.