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Tajiki Dari: Persian (

Persian, also known as Farsi, is an Indo-European language from the Western Iranian group. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan, and has influenced neighboring languages through empires in the region. Persian has a long literary history and was the first language in the Muslim world to break from using Arabic for writing, producing famous works of poetry and literature.

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32 views

Tajiki Dari: Persian (

Persian, also known as Farsi, is an Indo-European language from the Western Iranian group. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan, and has influenced neighboring languages through empires in the region. Persian has a long literary history and was the first language in the Muslim world to break from using Arabic for writing, producing famous works of poetry and literature.

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dwarika2006
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© © All Rights Reserved
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), also known by its endonym Farsi[8][9] ( ‫ ر‬fārsi [fɒːɾˈsiː] ( listen)), is one of

Persian (/ˈpɜːrʒən/ or /ˈpɜːrʃən/),


the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European
European language family.
family It is
primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan (officially known as Dari since 1958),[10] and Tajikistan (officially known
as Tajiki since the Soviet era),[11] and some other regions which historically were Persianate societies and
considered part of Greater Iran.. It is written in the Persian alphabet,, a modified variant of the Arabic script,
which itself evolved from the Aramaic alphabet.[12][13]
maic alphabet
The Persian language is classified as a continuation of Middle Persian,, the official religious and literary
language of the Sasanian Empire,, itself a continuation of Old Persian, the language of the Achaemenid
Empire.[14][15][16] Its grammar is similar to that of many contemporary European languages.[17] A Persian-speaking
Persian
Persophone.[18]
person may be referred to as Persophone
There are approximately 110 million Persian speakers worldwide, with the language holding official status
in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan.. For centuries, Persian has also been a prestigious cultural language in
Asia, and South Asia by the various empires based in the regions.[19]
other regions of Western Asia, Central Asia
Persian has had a considerable (mainly lexical)) influence on neighboring languages, particularly the Turkic
languages in Central Asia, Caucasus,, and Anatolia, neighboring Iranian languages, as well
as Armenian, Georgian, and Indo-Aryan Aryan languages
languages, especially Urdu (a register of Hindustani).
Hindustani It also exerted
some influence on Arabic,, particularly Bahrani Arabic,[20]while borrowing much vocabulary from it after the Arab
conquest of Iran.[14][17][21][22][23][24][25]
With a long history of literature in the form of Middle Persian before Islam, Persian was the first language in
the Muslim world to break through Arabic
Arabic's
's monopoly on writing, and the writing of poetry in Persian was
established as a court tradition in many eastern courts.[19] Some of the famous works of Persian literature are
the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi,, the works of Rumi, the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, the Panj Ganj of Nizami
Ganjavi, the Divān of Hafez and the two miscellanea of prose and verse by Saadi Shirazi,, the Gulistan and
the Bustan.

Contents
[hide]

• 1Classification
• 2Etymology
o 2.1Persian
Persian language name in Persian
o 2.2Persian
Persian language name in English
• 3History
o 3.1Old Persian
o 3.2Middle Persian
o 3.3New Persian
3.3.1Early New Persian
3.3.2Classical Persian
3.3.3Use in Asia Minor
3.3.4Use in South Asia
3.3.5Contemporary
Contemporary Persian
• 4Varieties
• 5Phonology
o 5.1Vowels
o 5.2Consonants
• 6Grammar
o 6.1Morphology
o 6.2Syntax
• 7Vocabulary
o 7.1Native word formation
o 7.2Influences
• 8Orthography
o 8.1Persian alphabet
8.1.1Additions
8.1.2Variations
o 8.2Latin alphabet
o 8.3Tajik alphabet
• 9Examples
• 10See also
• 11References
• 12Sources
• 13Further reading
• 14External links

Classification[edit]
Persian is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-European family. Other Western Iranian
languages are the Kurdish languages, Gilaki, Mazanderani, Talysh, and Balochi. Persian is classified as a
member of the Southwestern subgroup within Western Iranian along with Lari, Kumzari, and Luri.[26]

Etymology[edit]
Persian language name in Persian

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