International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056

Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | July -2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Design a RF Mixer using ADS

Surbhi K.Meherwal1, Prof. S. R. Diwate2
1PG Student, E& TC Engineering, G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India

2Assistant Professor, E& TC Engineering, G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India

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Abstract - Radio frequency Mixer is a 3 port device. The number of harmonics which result in number of output
complete design and analysis of RF single balanced diode signals out of which the desired signal is filtered using filter.
down converting mixer is presented in this paper. The LO causes to change in the diode's small signal junction
presented RF single balanced diode mixer is realized using a capacitance, resistance and thus characterized by conversion
configuration of a 90 degree hybrid coupler and two schottky loss. Proposed mixer is of passive type of mixer by making
diodes HSMS282C and a band pass filter. The mixer operates in
the use of the HSMS282C schottky diode [3]. To construct a
S band. It is used to down converts the RF Frequency of 2.4GHz
to IF Frequency of 180 MHz by a local oscillator of signal single balanced mixer with no crossing of transmission line
frequency of 2.22 GHz. Proposed mixer avoids the need of RF the 90 degree hybrid coupler is use because it avoids
and LO balun. The Simulation results of proposed mixer gives crossing of transmission line.
the conversion losses are around 8.801 dB and the amount of
isolation are around LO/IF 27 dB, & RF/IF 34 dB noise figure 2. SYSTEM MODEL
of 6.513dB for DSB and 11.023dB for SSB,VSWR at input port
is 1.312. The mixer is designed with microstrip line. The mixer
is designed and simulated in ADS2009. The input of LO signal is equally split into two schottky
diodes. The other input RF signal is also split equally but it is
90° out of phase at the schottky diodes. At the diode stage
both LO and RF signals are mixed. The signals coming from
Key Words: Mixers, Single balanced diode mixers, 90 the two schottky diodes can be combined together at the
degree Hybrid coupler, , port-to-port isolation, band intermediate frequency (IF) port. Thus, the output signals
pass filter. combined signal which contain even harmonics of the LO
signal. And at the output band pass filter gives down
converted signal.
1. INTRODUCTION
Mixer is important parts in the RF
telecommunication system. A mixer makes a use of the
nonlinearity of a diode so that it can generate an output
spectrum which is the sum and difference frequencies of two
input signals given two it. At receiver side the RF signal and
LO signal combines to generate an intermediate (IF) signal Fig -1: System model [3]
[1]. Based on application of mixer there are different mixer
designs are available. Applications which demands for high
A 90 degree hybrid coupler isolates LO and RF ports.
isolation will have to make use of double balanced mixers.
Applications requiring low conversion loss, single diode Band pass filter isolates IF port from both the LO port and
mixers employing schottky diode are the design of choice. the RF port. This type of balanced mixer is useful for
Basically there are two types of mixer; Active mixer and a avoiding air bridges and crossing transmission lines, which
passive mixer are used in communication system. Active that deteriorate the performance of the circuit and also make
mixers are those that use active devices like FET, HEMT, the manufacture more difficult [3].
HMT the devices exhibiting negative resistance to achieve
gain. A passive mixer uses a nonlinear device like schottky
diode that exhibit nonlinear resistance which is positive such 3. Design Procedure
mixers are also called as diode mixers [2].
3.1 Diode Selection
Band pass filter is used to pass the desired
frequency component. The input RF signal is multiplied by As the diode is a nonlinear element in mixer, the selection of
the DC signal in the schottky diode, LO sine wave and the the diode is very important task in mixer design. The
selected diode should have strong non-linearity, low noise,

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | July -2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

low distortion and good frequency response in the desired

region of operation. The parameters of diode like junction
capacitance, series resistance and barrier voltage plays vital
role in mixer [2].We selected packaged HSMS282C diode
made up of GaAs as it has high cut-off frequency and high
breakdown voltage [3].

3.2 Matching Circuit Design

Under the incentive of the signal power, schottky
diode’s impedance doesn’t appear the standard 50 ohm,
hence it need for impedance matching [4]. C1 is the diode's
estimated junction capacitance. At RF diode's reactance is
obtained by X( RF) =1/(2π*F(RF)*C1) and this get absorbed Fig-3: S parameter simulation of 90 hybrid coupler
into RF matching circuit. Similarly, diode's reactance at
frequency of LO frequency is given by X( LO)= 1/(2π*F(LO)*C1) 3.4 Band Pass Filter
And this has been absorbed into LO matching circuit. The Filter is a two port, reciprocal, passive, linear device. It
diode's reactance at IF is double that at RF frequency. The attenuates heavily the unwanted signal frequencies while
allowing transmission of wanted signal frequency [7].
matching circuit was designed to resonate out this reactance
and thus match diode's IF impedance to the load [2].

3.3 90 Hybrid Coupler

A 3 dB, 90° hybrid coupler is a four port device. This

coupler is used either to equally split an input signal or it
combine two signals while keep maintaining high isolation
between them [5]. When all ports are matched, the power Fig-3: Schematic of BPF
entering port 1 is evenly divided between port 2 and port
3and there is with a 90phase shift between these outputs.
Port 4 is isolated port as no power is coupled to it [6].

Fig-2: Schematic of 90 hybrid coupler

Fig-4: S parameter simulation of BPF

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | July -2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

4 SIMULATIONS
In simulation the mixer model is simulated using It’s clear from above table that NF for SSB is nearly double
ADS and the obtained results of simulation are as shown than the noise figure of DSB.
below.Simulation in ADS allows to make changes in system
design so that we can achive the desired vlues of results. Table -1: Values of conversion loss when RF level sweeps
Its needed to simulate each circuitThe conversion
loss and the output spectrums are obtained using
component seprately and then simulating a whole design.HB
simulator in ADS.S parameter results are obtained using S
parameter simulator.The best results are obtained by
sweeping the level of RF and LO.
Below different figure shows the simulation reults of
designed mixer for conversion loss or gai,mixer port
isolation,the differenet S parameters of the mixer,input and
output spectrum,noise figure.

From above table we came to know that as increase the

negative value of RF power the conversion gain goes on
increasing and vice varsa

Table-3: Values of conversion loss when LO level

sweeps

Fig-5: Schematic of single balanced diode mixer

Table-2: Values of noise figure

Above table concludes that by sweeping the LO level to any

direction the conversion gain remains almost same.

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | July -2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

The below figure shows the spectrum for LO, IF, RF for the
simulated mixer. 5. CONCLUSIONS

This paper presents design of single balanced diode mixer is

demonstrated in ADS2009. From the S parameter and HB
simulation we obtained conversion loss is 8.801dB.The
isolation obtained between RF / IF is 34dB and between
LO/IF its 27dB.Noise figure for SSB is 11.023dB and for DSB
its 6.513dB.Achived VSWR at input port is 1.312.

Mixer is designed using microstrip lines which make

mixer design easier with good results. This mixer can easily
usable in applications like heterodyne receivers, WLAN,
WIFI, etc.

REFERENCES

[1] Man-Long Her, Phun-Fei Teo, et al “Design and analysis

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Fig-8: VSWR

Above figure shows the VSWR at input is 1.312.

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