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Modul Praktikum Nmap

The document provides information about Nmap, a network scanning tool. It defines Nmap as an open source tool used to explore networks by sending IP packets to determine active hosts, open ports, operating systems, firewalls, and more. It then lists Nmap's capabilities such as gathering information on live hosts, IP addresses, operating systems, open ports, infections, and services on a target network. The document also provides instructions on installing Nmap and examples of commands to perform single host scans, multi-host scans, and scans to detect operating systems, services, and firewalls.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
101 views

Modul Praktikum Nmap

The document provides information about Nmap, a network scanning tool. It defines Nmap as an open source tool used to explore networks by sending IP packets to determine active hosts, open ports, operating systems, firewalls, and more. It then lists Nmap's capabilities such as gathering information on live hosts, IP addresses, operating systems, open ports, infections, and services on a target network. The document also provides instructions on installing Nmap and examples of commands to perform single host scans, multi-host scans, and scans to detect operating systems, services, and firewalls.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nama : Jabang Aru Saputro

NPM : 1615101228
Kelas : II RPKK

MODUL PRAKTIKUM NMAP


Definisi
Nmap (Network Mapper) adalah sebuah program open source yang berguna untuk mengesksplorasi
jaringan. Nmap didesain untuk dapat melakukan scan jaringan yang besar, juga dapat digunakan
untuk melakukan scan host tunggal. Nmap menggunakan paket IP (IP datagram) untuk menentukan
host- host yang aktif dalam suatu jaringan, port-port yang terbuka, sistem operasi yang dipunyai, tipe
firewall yang dipakai, dll.

Kemampuan Nmap
Mengumpulkan informasi setiap host atau komputer yang hidup (life) pada jaringan lokal
Mengumpulkan informasi setiap IP address pada jaringan lokal
Mengumpulkan informasi setiap sistem operasi pada host maupun seluruh host pada target
jaringan
Menemukan setiap port yang terbuka dari host target
Menemukan adanya infeksi dari virus maupun malware
Mengumpulkan informasi mengenai layanan-layanan (services) pada host target dan server pada
jaringan target.

Instalasi
Instalasi dari repo
Beberapa distro sudah menyediakan nmap pada repo masing-masing. Beberapa sistem operasi yang
telah menyediakan nmap pada repository adalah
Debian / Ubuntu
apt-get install nmap
Fedora
yum install nmap
Instalasi dari source code

Penggunaan
untuk cek versi, tuliskan perintah berikut :
root@zee-eichel:~# nmap
Nmap 6.01 ( http://[[nmap]].org )
Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
TARGET SPECIFICATION:
Can pass hostnames, [[IP address]]es, networks, etc.
Ex: scanme.[[nmap]].org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254
-iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks
-iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets
–exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],…>: Exclude hosts/networks
–excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file
HOST DISCOVERY:
-sL: List Scan – simply list targets to scan
-sn: Ping Scan – disable port scan
-Pn: Treat all hosts as online — skip host discovery
-PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports
-PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
-PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
-n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes] –dnsservers
<serv1[,serv2],…>: Specify custom DNS servers
–system-dns: Use OS’s DNS resolver
–traceroute: Trace hop path to each host
SCAN TECHNIQUES:
-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans
-sU: UDP Scan
-sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans
–scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags
-sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan
-sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans
-sO: IP protocol scan
-b <[[FTP]] relay host>: [[FTP]] bounce scan
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:
-p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports
Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9
-F: Fast mode – Scan fewer ports than the default scan
-r: Scan ports consecutively – don’t randomize
–top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports
–port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:
-sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
–version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)
–version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)
–version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)
–version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
SCRIPT SCAN:
-sC: equivalent to –script=default
–script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of
directories, script-files or script-categories
–script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,…]>: provide arguments to scripts
–script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file
–script-trace: Show all data sent and received
–script-updatedb: Update the script database.
–script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts.
<Lua scripts> is a comma separted list of script-files or scriptcategories.
OS DETECTION:
-O: Enable OS detection
–osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
–osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:
Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append ‘ms’ (milliseconds),
‘s’ (seconds), ‘m’ (minutes), or ‘h’ (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
-T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)
–min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes
–min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
–min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies
probe round trip time.
–max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
–host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long
–scan-delay/–max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes
–min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
–max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:
-f; –mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
-D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],…>: Cloak a scan with decoys
-S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address
-e <iface>: Use specified interface
-g/–source-port <portnum>: Use given port number
–data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets
–ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options
–ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
–spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
–badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum
OUTPUT:
-oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,
and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
-oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once
-v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
-d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
–reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
–open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
–packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
–iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
–log-errors: Log errors/warnings to the normal-format output file
–append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
–resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan
–stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
–webxml: Reference stylesheet from [[Nmap]].Org for more portable XML
–no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
MISC:
-6: Enable IPv6 scanning
-A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and
traceroute
–datadir <dirname>: Specify custom [[Nmap]] data file location
–send-eth/–send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
–privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
–unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
-V: Print version number
-h: Print this help summary page.
EXAMPLES:
nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8
nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80
SEE THE PAGE (http://[[nmap]].org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES

Single Host
Dengan penggunaan domain maupun ip address
Dengan ip address
#Perintah standart scanning ke single ip address
[text]nmap [ip-address][/text]
#Contoh (pastikan ada target host dengan IP 192.168.2.1)
#nmap 192.168.2.1
Jelaskan output :

Dengan Domain
Perintah standart scanning dengan domain
# nmap www.forummikrotik.com
Jelaskan output :
Perintah standart dengan tambahan informasi lainnya
#nmap -v www.forummikrotik.com
Jelaskan output :
Multi IP address dan Subnet
Untuk melakukan scanning lebih dari satu ip address atau mungkin bertujuan untuk melakukan
scanning ke satu subnet. Salah satu contoh jika kita hendak melakukan scanning terhadap 2 ip
address 192.168.2.1 dan 192.168.2.2. Jika kita hendak melihat informasi host yang sedang dalam
keadaan up pada satu subnet
# nmap -n -sn 192.168.2.1/24
Jelaskan output :

Jika berdasarkan ip address


# nmap 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.2
Jelaskan output :
Perintah untuk melakukan scan ke seluruh jaringan berdasarkan subnet
# nmap 192.168.2.0/24
Jelaskan output :
Dengan menggunakan patokan dari file tertentu
Anda dapat menyimpan hasil pada file-file tertentu
# nmap 192.168.2.1 > output.txt
# cat output.txt
Menampilkan paket diterima dan dikirim
Anda dapat menampilkan paket-paket yang dikirim dan diterima nmap pada proses scan
# nmap –packet-trace 192.168.2.1
Jelaskan output :
Menampilkan semua interface dan route
Untuk menampilkan interface dan rute yang tersedia didalam OS , anda dapat menggunakan perintah
iflist
# nmap –iflist
Jelaskan output :
Anda dapat tidak menyertakan host dengan domain dan ip address tertentu saat melakukan scanning
terhadap sebuah jaringan. Hal ini sangatlah bermanfaat pada saat anda melakukan scanning pada
tingkat jaringan yang besar.
#nmap 192.168.2.0/24 –exclude 192.168.2.3
Jelaskan output :
Mendeteksi sistem operasi dan layanan
(services) target
Ketikkan perintah berikut :
# nmap -A 192.168.2.11
Jelaskan output :
Penggunaan -v (service scan) :
# nmap -v -A 192.168.2.11
Jelaskan output :
remote operating system
# nmap -O 192.168.2.11
Jelaskan output :
Mendeteksi layanan dan device yang sedang
up
# nmap -sP 192.168.2.1/24
Jelaskan output :
Mendeteksi versi dari layanan (service)
# nmap -sV 192.168.2.2
Jelaskan output :
Mendeteksi firewall
# nmap -sA 192.168.2.11
Jelaskan output :
Contoh kasus adanya penggunaan Firewall terhadap sebuah server
# nmap -sA site.org
Starting Nmap 6.01 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2013-04-25 16:52 WIB
Nmap scan report for site.org (110.144.306.64)
Host is up (0.077s latency).
rDNS record for 110.144.306.64: colo-site-tes.co.id
All 1000 scanned ports on site.org (110.144.306.64) are filtered
Nmap done: 1 [[IP address]] (1 host up) scanned in 83.71 seconds

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