Modul Praktikum Nmap
Modul Praktikum Nmap
NPM : 1615101228
Kelas : II RPKK
Kemampuan Nmap
Mengumpulkan informasi setiap host atau komputer yang hidup (life) pada jaringan lokal
Mengumpulkan informasi setiap IP address pada jaringan lokal
Mengumpulkan informasi setiap sistem operasi pada host maupun seluruh host pada target
jaringan
Menemukan setiap port yang terbuka dari host target
Menemukan adanya infeksi dari virus maupun malware
Mengumpulkan informasi mengenai layanan-layanan (services) pada host target dan server pada
jaringan target.
Instalasi
Instalasi dari repo
Beberapa distro sudah menyediakan nmap pada repo masing-masing. Beberapa sistem operasi yang
telah menyediakan nmap pada repository adalah
Debian / Ubuntu
apt-get install nmap
Fedora
yum install nmap
Instalasi dari source code
Penggunaan
untuk cek versi, tuliskan perintah berikut :
root@zee-eichel:~# nmap
Nmap 6.01 ( http://[[nmap]].org )
Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}
TARGET SPECIFICATION:
Can pass hostnames, [[IP address]]es, networks, etc.
Ex: scanme.[[nmap]].org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254
-iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks
-iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets
–exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],…>: Exclude hosts/networks
–excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file
HOST DISCOVERY:
-sL: List Scan – simply list targets to scan
-sn: Ping Scan – disable port scan
-Pn: Treat all hosts as online — skip host discovery
-PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports
-PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
-PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
-n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes] –dnsservers
<serv1[,serv2],…>: Specify custom DNS servers
–system-dns: Use OS’s DNS resolver
–traceroute: Trace hop path to each host
SCAN TECHNIQUES:
-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans
-sU: UDP Scan
-sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans
–scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags
-sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan
-sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans
-sO: IP protocol scan
-b <[[FTP]] relay host>: [[FTP]] bounce scan
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:
-p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports
Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9
-F: Fast mode – Scan fewer ports than the default scan
-r: Scan ports consecutively – don’t randomize
–top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports
–port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:
-sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
–version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)
–version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)
–version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)
–version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
SCRIPT SCAN:
-sC: equivalent to –script=default
–script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of
directories, script-files or script-categories
–script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,…]>: provide arguments to scripts
–script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file
–script-trace: Show all data sent and received
–script-updatedb: Update the script database.
–script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts.
<Lua scripts> is a comma separted list of script-files or scriptcategories.
OS DETECTION:
-O: Enable OS detection
–osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
–osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:
Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append ‘ms’ (milliseconds),
‘s’ (seconds), ‘m’ (minutes), or ‘h’ (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
-T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)
–min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes
–min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
–min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies
probe round trip time.
–max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
–host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long
–scan-delay/–max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes
–min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
–max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:
-f; –mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
-D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],…>: Cloak a scan with decoys
-S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address
-e <iface>: Use specified interface
-g/–source-port <portnum>: Use given port number
–data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets
–ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options
–ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
–spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
–badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum
OUTPUT:
-oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,
and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
-oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once
-v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
-d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
–reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
–open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
–packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
–iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
–log-errors: Log errors/warnings to the normal-format output file
–append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
–resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan
–stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
–webxml: Reference stylesheet from [[Nmap]].Org for more portable XML
–no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
MISC:
-6: Enable IPv6 scanning
-A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and
traceroute
–datadir <dirname>: Specify custom [[Nmap]] data file location
–send-eth/–send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
–privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
–unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
-V: Print version number
-h: Print this help summary page.
EXAMPLES:
nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8
nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80
SEE THE PAGE (http://[[nmap]].org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES
Single Host
Dengan penggunaan domain maupun ip address
Dengan ip address
#Perintah standart scanning ke single ip address
[text]nmap [ip-address][/text]
#Contoh (pastikan ada target host dengan IP 192.168.2.1)
#nmap 192.168.2.1
Jelaskan output :
Dengan Domain
Perintah standart scanning dengan domain
# nmap www.forummikrotik.com
Jelaskan output :
Perintah standart dengan tambahan informasi lainnya
#nmap -v www.forummikrotik.com
Jelaskan output :
Multi IP address dan Subnet
Untuk melakukan scanning lebih dari satu ip address atau mungkin bertujuan untuk melakukan
scanning ke satu subnet. Salah satu contoh jika kita hendak melakukan scanning terhadap 2 ip
address 192.168.2.1 dan 192.168.2.2. Jika kita hendak melihat informasi host yang sedang dalam
keadaan up pada satu subnet
# nmap -n -sn 192.168.2.1/24
Jelaskan output :