DESIGN OF STRUCTURE

Construction of G.P Building at Nallajerla

 SUPPORT REACTIONS

JOINT LOAD FORCE-X FORCE-Y FORCE-Z MOM-X MOM-Y MOM-Z

CASE

5 7 24.57 614.31 0.93 1.77 0.27 -10.99

8 20.35 480.97 -1.44 -5.29 0.18 -10.31
9 18.96 501.92 2.93 8.11 0.26 -7.28
10 -1.75 475.63 0.69 1.21 0.24 36.42
11 41.06 507.26 0.8 1.61 0.2 -54.01
7 7 11.72 734.84 6.99 4.53 -1.21 -6.16
8 9.78 548.79 -9.53 -32.63 -1.19 -5.62
9 8.98 626.96 20.72 39.88 -0.74 -4.24
10 -5.89 537.34 6.31 5.34 -0.34 22.46
11 24.65 638.41 4.88 1.9 -1.59 -32.32
8 7 -2.61 1728.65 73.02 189.5 -2.32 0.04
8 -0.85 1390.14 8.01 -45.1 -2.63 -3.28
9 -3.32 1375.69 108.81 348.31 -1.09 3.34
10 -51.75 1350.09 58.07 153.52 -1.64 134.25
11 47.58 1415.75 58.75 149.69 -2.08-134.19
9 7 -0.52 1585.03 100.88 238.69 0.01 -1.38
8 0.78 1238.33 33.02 -2.95 -0.5 -4.39
9 -1.62 1297.71 128.39 384.85 0.51 2.19
10 -51.03 1268.94 81.57 194.78 0.27 133.77
11 50.19 1267.1 79.83 187.12 -0.26-135.97
10 7 0.14 1787.76 77.93 201.08 0.12 -1.45
8 1.33 1441.27 13.91 -28.53 -0.41 -4.43
9 -1.12 1419.15 110.77 350.25 0.61 2.11
10 -51.21 1430.19 62.85 162.83 0.43 133.99
11 51.43 1430.22 61.83 158.89 -0.24-136.31
11 7 0.12 1582.11 101.08 238.44 0.09 -0.98
8 1.32 1236.62 34.99 4.28 -0.45 -4.02
9 -1.12 1294.75 126.74 377.23 0.6 2.45
10 -50.65 1265.3 80.79 190.46 0.38 134.09
11 50.85 1266.07 80.93 191.05 -0.24-135.66
12 7 -0.02 1770.77 79.12 202.55 0.21 -0.43
8 1.18 1426.7 16.71 -19.79 -0.36 -3.53
9 -1.21 1406.54 109.89 343.86 0.7 2.85
10 -51.38 1414.69 62.97 160.06 0.52 134.68
11 51.35 1418.55 63.62 164.02 -0.18 -135.36
13 7 1.08 1591.45 101.03 237.5 -0.14 -0.58
8 2.07 1248.26 36.78 11.02 -0.65 -3.63
9 -0.34 1298.06 124.86 368.98 0.44 2.7
10 -49.85 1269.51 79.73 185.41 0.15 134.19
11 51.58 1276.82 81.91 194.59 -0.37-135.12
14 7 3.64 1639.89 93.94 221.14 2.99 -2.22
8 4.07 1289.86 31.83 1.39 2.1 -4.91
9 1.75 1333.96 118.47 352.43 2.68 1.37
10 -46.82 1337.82 75.6 174.78 2.62 132.26
11 52.65 1286 74.71 179.04 2.17 -135.8
15 7 -11.96 641.31 -5.3 -1.28 0.9 5.91
8 -9.23 503.75 -21.43 -33.69 0.75 4.1
 9 -9.91 522.35 12.94 31.65 0.69 5.36
10 -24.52 584.23 -5.2 -2.92 1.16 31.94
11 5.38 441.87 -3.29 0.87 0.28 -22.48
16 7 -2.99 612.64 1.23 1.85 0.08 1.83
8 -2.3 495.73 -19.86 -37.59 -0.04 1.24
9 -2.48 484.49 21.83 40.55 0.17 1.69
10 -10.6 522.65 2.37 3.48 0.46 19.93
11 5.82 457.57 -0.4 -0.51 -0.33 -17
17 7 0.02 484.74 2.2 2.42 -0.1 -0.23
8 0.11 392.93 -15.29 -30.73 -0.17 -0.5
9 -0.08 382.66 18.8 34.6 0.01 0.14
10 -4.51 397.52 0.36 -0.15 -0.49 19.49
11 4.54 378.06 3.15 4.02 0.33 -19.86
19 7 -0.42 581.64 0.12 1.39 -0.05 0.88
8 -0.32 466.07 -19.76 -37.48 -0.09 0.64
9 -0.35 464.56 19.95 39.69 0.01 0.77
10 -4.47 470.21 1.06 2.92 -0.03 18.79
11 3.79 460.42 -0.88 -0.7 -0.05 -17.39
20 7 -0.08 484.37 0.64 1.62 0.08 -0.15
8 -0.05 387.61 -16.21 -31.24 0.01 -0.19
9 -0.07 387.38 17.23 33.83 0.12 -0.06
10 -4.05 387.04 -0.53 -0.65 -0.54 20.01
11 3.93 387.95 1.55 3.24 0.67 -20.25
21 7 -3.26 633.16 1.09 1.86 0.08 2.09
8 -2.64 506.38 -19.44 -37.31 -0.05 1.77
9 -2.57 506.67 21.17 40.28 0.18 1.57
10 -10.36 550.46 1.78 3.3 0.1 19.42
11 5.15 462.59 -0.05 -0.33 0.03 -16.08
22 7 -0.05 483.6 1.24 1.86 -0.02 -0.26
8 -0.06 386.67 -15.86 -31.12 -0.08 -0.11
9 -0.03 387.08 17.84 34.09 0.04 -0.3
10 -4.07 386.38 0.04 -0.45 0.46 20.09
11 3.98 387.37 1.94 3.42 -0.49 -20.5
24 7 -0.3 629.33 3.89 3.33 0.06 0.49
8 -0.26 506.01 -16.73 -35.94 0.02 0.61
9 -0.22 500.92 22.96 41.27 0.07 0.17
10 -5.04 500.58 3.76 4.36 -0.35 19.36
11 4.56 506.35 2.47 0.97 0.45 -18.58
25 7 0.13 518.36 4.11 3.31 0.17 -0.53
8 -0.02 417.95 -13.49 -29.94 0.02 -0.03
9 0.22 411.43 20.07 35.24 0.24 -0.82
10 -4.1 422.91 2.74 0.89 0.87 18.82
11 4.31 406.47 3.84 4.4 -0.6 -19.66
26 7 9.24 587.04 -10.85 -3.46 1.03 -5.22
8 6.7 509.75 -22.95 -38.66 0.52 -3.24
9 8.09 429.52 5.6 33.13 1.13 -5.11
10 -14.64 467.28 -7.89 -1.04 0.68 25.93
11 29.43 471.99 -9.46 -4.49 0.96 -34.28
27 7 -1.51 1413 -91.57 -201.81 2.93 -2.31
8 -2.66 1160.74 -121.36 -357.85 1.56 2.13
9 0.24 1100.05 -25.15 34.96 3.13 -5.83
10 -47.43 1097.89 -69.29 -149.61 2.76 126.46
 11 45.01 1162.9 -77.22 -173.28 1.93 -130.16
28 7 0.4 1440.98 -98.23 -217.54 0.32 -3.44
8 -1.17 1181.11 -125.71 -366.66 -0.24 1.25
9 1.81 1124.45 -31.45 18.59 0.76 -6.76
10 -48.3 1152.34 -77.33 -169.35 0.64 127
11 48.94 1153.22 -79.83 -178.72 -0.12-132.51
29 7 0.9 1458.24 -99.36 -220.64 0.13 -3.32
8 -0.78 1197.16 -125.93 -365.89 -0.42 1.36
9 2.21 1136.03 -33.05 12.87 0.63 -6.67
10 -48.23 1166.34 -78.97 -174.48 0.43 127.3
11 49.67 1166.85 -80.01 -178.55 -0.22-132.61
30 7 0.77 1438.4 -98.67 -219.46 0.12 -2.69
8 -0.88 1177.89 -124.26 -360.76 -0.43 1.88
9 2.12 1123.54 -33.62 9.62 0.62 -6.18
10 -48.43 1150.46 -79 -175.83 0.42 127.81
11 49.67 1150.97 -78.88 -175.3 -0.23-132.11
31 7 0.9 1456.93 -99.37 -221.38 0.13 -2.15
8 -0.79 1194.82 -124.1 -359 -0.4 2.32
9 2.22 1136.27 -34.9 4.78 0.62 -5.75
10 -48.29 1166.11 -80.14 -179.7 0.43 128.15
11 49.72 1164.97 -78.86 -174.51 -0.21 -131.58
32 7 1.63 1449.94 -98.81 -220.37 -0.04 -2.09
8 -0.18 1186.94 -122.64 -354.25 -0.57 2.36
9 2.78 1132.96 -35.45 1.65 0.5 -5.71
10 -47.58 1160.04 -80.35 -181.37 0.35 128.04
11 50.18 1159.86 -77.75 -171.23 -0.41 -131.39
33 7 3.84 1414.07 -91.74 -204.49 -2.76 -3.49
8 1.67 1159.09 -116.13 -337.86 -2.5 1.2
9 4.48 1103.42 -30.65 10.68 -1.9 -6.78
10 -44.78 1156.53 -77.36 -175.68 -1.74 126.29
11 50.93 1105.98 -69.43 -151.5 -2.66 -131.87
34 7 -11.64 437.5 -9.99 -3.2 -1.37 5.56
8 -9.77 385.46 -20 -32.82 -1.04 5.27
9 -8.86 314.53 4.01 27.7 -1.15 3.63
10 -23.77 414.37 -8.77 -4.35 -1.36 30.7
11 5.14 285.63 -7.22 -0.77 -0.83 -21.79
171 7 10.4 364.6 9.98 5.71 -0.15 -5.47
8 8.52 277.44 3.28 -3.26 -0.18 -4.75
9 8.12 305.93 12.69 12.4 -0.06 -4
10 1.52 276.69 8.18 4.94 0.01 6.99
11 15.13 306.67 7.79 4.2 -0.26 -15.74
172 7 0.93 287.65 -13.04 -6.5 -0.05 -0.66
8 0.44 237.45 -14.62 -12.77 -0.13 -0.14
9 1.05 222.79 -6.24 2.37 0.04 -0.91
10 -10.15 174.2 -10.17 -4.81 -0.07 12.53
11 11.64 286.04 -10.69 -5.59 -0.02 -13.58
173 7 -33.95 435.06 9.95 5.5 -0.07 15.53
8 -26.61 314.08 1.59 -3.84 -0.16 10.97
9 -27.71 382.02 14.33 12.64 0.05 13.88
10 -43.77 373.87 7.51 3.88 0 55.47
11 -10.55 322.23 8.41 4.92 -0.11 -30.62
186 7 2.14 467.43 13.96 11.28 -0.04 -1.06
 8 2.08 332.01 4.35 0.99 -0.07 -1.31
9 1.35 415.88 17.99 17.05 0.01 -0.39
10 -8.18 380.4 11.11 9.04 -0.02 12.16
11 11.61 367.49 11.23 9 -0.04 -13.86
187 7 -0.36 493.74 14.74 11.92 0.02 0.31
8 0.05 354.82 5.12 1.74 0 -0.19
9 -0.62 435.16 18.47 17.33 0.04 0.69
10 -9.65 395.83 11.86 9.61 0.03 13
11 9.08 394.16 11.73 9.45 0 -12.5
188 7 -5.37 452.24 14.63 11.89 0.08 3.04
8 -3.89 326.14 5.46 2.11 0.08 1.95
9 -4.7 397.44 17.95 16.91 0.05 2.91
10 -14.87 356.82 11.58 9.4 0.09 15.87
11 6.28 366.76 11.83 9.62 0.04 -11.01
189 7 1.4 500.02 2.35 1.65 0.02 -0.63
8 1.21 403.08 -5.18 -7.75 -0.03 -0.62
9 1.04 396.96 8.94 10.39 0.06 -0.39
10 -6.81 349.63 2.24 1.78 0.07 9.25
11 9.05 450.4 1.52 0.86 -0.04 -10.26
190 7 1.06 572.34 1.9 1.42 0.04 -0.41
8 0.81 456.49 -5.26 -7.79 -0.01 -0.27
9 0.89 459.25 8.29 10.06 0.07 -0.38
10 -6.71 408.21 1.81 1.55 0 9.04
11 8.41 507.53 1.23 0.72 0.07 -9.7
 DESIGN OF PILE CAPS----PC1(8,9,10,11,12,13,14)

I) Design Parametres:-

Concrete mix : M25

Steel : Fe500
Cover to Reinforcement : 50mm
Unit weight of RCC = 25.0KN/cum
Unit weight of Brick masonry = 19.0KN/cum
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25.00N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 500N/sqmm
Bredth of column = 0.45m
Depth of column = a = 0.75m
Dia of pile = 0.375m
Factored load on column = P = 1787.80KN

II) Proportioning of pile cap:-

Factored load on the pile cap =

Add for self weight of pile cap =
Total load = Pu =

As per IS:2911(Part III)-1980,safe load carrying capacity 375mm dia DUR piles
for 3.75m depth is = 360.00KN

As per clause 5.2.7.2 of IS:2911(Part III)-1980,the minimum spacing between the centre to centre of bored DU
piles should not be less than 1.5Du.

As per IS:2911(Part III)-1980,safe load carrying capacity 375mm dia DUR piles
for 3.75m depth is =

Providing five piles,the load carrying capacity of the pile cap will be

Reducing 25% for probable water in bulb,the load carrying capacity

Reducing 10% per each pile due to group action,the net safe load carrying
capacity

Hence,ultimate load carrying capacity of the pile cap =

As per the above criteria,the proposed pile cap is as shown below:-

375Ø DUR
3495
 Z

375Ø DUR
3495

1 2 3
2085

1410
X X

4 5 6
Critical Sect
for bending
X-axis
Critical Section
for bending about
Z-axis Z

III) Calculation of pile reactions:-

Load on 'i' th pile Pi = Q/n ± Mzxi/∑x2 ± Mxzi/∑z2

where xi = Distance of pile from x- axis

zi = Distance of pile from z- axis

a)Load Combination 7:-

Q = Ultimate load including 10% self weight = 1966.58KN

∑x2 = Sum of squares of distances of all piles from x- axis = 7.95sqm
∑z2 = Sum of squares of distances of all piles from z- axis = 2.98sqm
Mx = Moment about x- axis 0.04KN-m
Mz = Moment about z- axis 189.50KN-m
Pu = Ultimate load carrying capacity of pile = 364.50KN

S.No Pile No. Q/n xi zi Pile reaction

1 P1 327.76 -1.41 0.705 294.16 SAFE

2 P2 327.76 0 0.705 327.77 SAFE
3 P3 327.76 1.41 0.705 361.38 SAFE
4 P4 327.76 -1.41 -0.705 294.14 SAFE
 5 P5 327.76 0 -0.705 327.75 SAFE
6 P6 327.76 1.41 -0.705 361.36 SAFE

b)Load Combination 11:-

Q = Ultimate load including 10% self weight = 1573.22KN

∑x2 = Sum of squares of distances of all piles from x- axis = 1.99sqm
∑z2 = Sum of squares of distances of all piles from z- axis = 5.96sqm
Mx = Moment about x- axis 158.89KN-m
Mz = Moment about z- axis 136.30KN-m
Pu = Ultimate load carrying capacity of pile = 405.00KN

S.No Pile No. Q/n xi zi Pile reaction

1 P1 262.2 -1.41 0.705 184.42 SAFE

2 P2 262.2 0 0.705 280.99 SAFE
3 P3 262.2 1.41 0.705 377.57 SAFE
4 P4 262.2 -1.41 -0.705 146.83 SAFE
5 P5 262.2 0 -0.705 243.41 SAFE
6 P6 262.2 1.41 -0.705 339.98 SAFE

All the pile reactions are safe.Hence the design of the pile cap is carried out for the pile cap
dimensions given below:-

The length of pile cap proposed =

The width of pile cap proposed =
Distance between c/c of piles = L =
Shear span av =

IV) Design for bending:-

a)For bending action about Z-axis:-

Pile Reactions contributing to bending moment & corresponding lever arm about critical section:-

S.No Pile No Pile reaction Lever arm Moment

1 P1 294.16 1.410 414.77

2 P4 294.14 1.410 414.74
829.51

S.No Pile No Pile reaction Lever arm Moment

1 P3 361.38 1.410 509.55

2 P6 361.36 1.410 509.52
1019.07

The design bending moment about Z-axis = Muz =

Adopting Limit state method of design Mu = 0.133 fckbd2

The effective depth of footing required = d = [Mu/(0.133fckb)]0.5

296.13mm

Over all depth required assuming 20mm dia bars = = 356.13mm

However assume 1000mm over all depth,then effective depth comes to

The actual depth of neutral axis =

Area of steel required =

No.of 16mm dia bars required =

However No.of 16mm bars provided =

Then the area of reinforcement provided =

Percentage of reinforcement provided =

b)For bending action about x-axis:-

Pile Reactions contributing to bending moment & corresponding lever arm about critical section:-

S.No Pile No Pile reaction Lever arm Moment

1 P1 294.16 0.705 207.38

2 P2 327.77 0.705 231.08
3 P3 361.38 0.705 254.77
693.23

S.No Pile No Pile reaction Lever arm Moment

1 P4 294.14 0.705 207.37

2 P5 327.75 0.705 231.06
3 P6 361.36 0.705 254.76
693.19

The design bending moment about Z-axis = Muz =

Adopting Limit state method of design Mu = 0.133 fckbd2

The effective depth of footing required = d = [Mu/(0.133fckb)]0.5

316.22mm

Over all depth required assuming 20mm dia bars = = 376.22mm

However assume 1000mm over all depth,then effective depth comes to

The actual depth of neutral axis =

 Area of steel required =

No.of 16mm dia bars required =

However No.of 16mm bars provided =

Then the area of reinforcement provided =

Percentage of reinforcement provided =

V) Design for Shear:-

a)Check for two way shear:-

The critical section for punching shear is located at d/2 from the face of the column.

Hence,perimetre of the punching area is = 6160.00mm

Punching shear stress = 0.31N/sqmm

Permissible punching shear stress = 0.25√fck = 1.25N/sqmm >0.31N/sqmm Hence safe.

b)Check for one-way shear:-

The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column

The Clause 34.2.4.2 of IS 456 – 2000 states the following:-

In computing the external shear or any section through a footing supported on

Piles, the entire reaction from any pile of diameter Dp whose centre is located
Dp/2 or more outside the section shall be assumed as producing shear on the
section; the reaction from any Pile whose centre is located Dp/2 or more inside
the section shall be assumed as producing no shear on the section. For
intermediate positions of the pile centre, the position of pile reaction to be
assumed as producing shear on the section shall be based on straight line
interpolation between full value at Dp/2 outside the section and zero value at
Dp/2 inside the section

Pile reactions contributing to one-way shear for the sections located at a distance 'd' from the face of column

Section Pile No Pile reaction

1 P3 180.69
P6 180.69
361.38
2 P1 147.08
P4 147.07
294.15

The critical shear force on the section = 361.38KN

Hence,the factored design shear force V Fd = 361.38KN

Nominal shear stress Tv = 0.184N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm
(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)

Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view

The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided = 0.164%

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from

Table 19 of IS 456 is 0.283 N/sqmm

As per clause 40.5.1 of IS 456:2000,the shear strength can be increased by 2d/a v times for the sections locate
at a distance closer than 2d from concentrated load or face of support,where a v is the shear span

2d/av = 1.81

Hence,increased shear strength = 0.512 N/sqmm Hence Vuc = 1003.92KN

0.512 >0.184

Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.

c) Check for Truss action:-

The shear span to depth ratio = av/d = 1.11 >0.60

Though,the truss action is not pre-dominant,the tensile reinforcement should be checked for horizontal tensile
resulting from truss action,because av/d ratio is not more than 2.

Hd=(Pu/2)[L/2-a/4]

H = Pu/8d[2L-a] = 541.33KN

Area of steel required to resist the above above tensile force A st =

The tensile reinforcement provided is more than the above value.Hence O.K

d) Bursting steel:-

Generally 0.2 times tensile steel will be provided as bursting steel.

Hence,the bursting steel required = 643.07sqmm

Adopting 16mm rings,No.of rings required = 3.2

However,provide 5 Nos of 16mm dia rings as bursting steel.

3,14)

1787.80KN
178.78KN
1966.58KN

centre to centre of bored DUR

360.00KN

2160.00KN

1620.00KN

1458.00KN

2187.00KN > Total load

Hence O.K

375Ø DUR
 375Ø DUR
1410

Critical Section
for bending about
X-axis
3.495m
2.085m
1.41m
1.040m

1019.07KN-m
 940.00mm

59.35mm

2560.11sqmm

12.74Nos

16Nos

3215.36sqmm

0.164

693.23KN-m

940.00mm

40.02mm
1726.22sqmm

8.59Nos

16Nos

3215.36sqmm

0.164
 times for the sections located

hecked for horizontal tensile force ' H '

1244.44sqmm
 DESIGN OF PILE CAPS----PC2(27,28,29,30,31,32,33)

I) Design Parametres:-

Concrete mix : M25

Steel : Fe500
Cover to Reinforcement : 50mm
Unit weight of RCC = 25.0KN/cum
Unit weight of Brick masonry = 19.0KN/cum
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25.00N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 500N/sqmm
Bredth of column = 0.45m
Depth of column = a = 0.75m
Dia of pile = 0.375m
Factored load on column = P = 1456.90KN

II) Proportioning of pile cap:-

Factored load on the pile cap =

Add for self weight of pile cap =
Total load = Pu =

As per IS:2911(Part III)-1980,safe load carrying capacity 375mm dia DUR piles
for 3.75m depth is = 360.00KN

As per clause 5.2.7.2 of IS:2911(Part III)-1980,the minimum spacing between the centre to centre of bored DU
piles should not be less than 1.5Du.

As per IS:2911(Part III)-1980,safe load carrying capacity 375mm dia DUR piles
for 3.75m depth is =

Providing five piles,the load carrying capacity of the pile cap will be

Reducing 25% for probable water in bulb,the load carrying capacity

Reducing 10% per each pile due to group action,the net safe load carrying
capacity

Hence,ultimate load carrying capacity of the pile cap =

As per the above criteria,the proposed pile cap is as shown below:-

PC2
Z
375Ø DUR

3117
 PC2
Z
375Ø DUR

3117
1 2

2085

1410
X 3 X

4 5
Critical Section
for bending about
X-axis
Critical Section
for bending about
Z-axis Z

III) Calculation of pile reactions:-

Load on 'i' th pile Pi = Q/n ± Mzxi/∑x2 ± Mxzi/∑z2

where xi = Distance of pile from x- axis

zi = Distance of pile from z- axis

a)Load Combination 7:-

Q = Ultimate load including 10% self weight = 1602.59KN

∑x2 = Sum of squares of distances of all piles from x- axis = 1.99sqm
∑z2 = Sum of squares of distances of all piles from z- axis = 5.96sqm
Mx = Moment about x- axis 2.15KN-m
Mz = Moment about z- axis 221.40KN-m
Pu = Ultimate load carrying capacity of pile = 405.00KN

S.No Pile No. Q/n xi zi Pile reaction

1 P1 320.52 -0.705 1.221 242.52 SAFE

2 P2 320.52 -0.705 -1.221 241.64 SAFE
3 P3 320.52 0 0 320.52 SAFE
4 P4 320.52 0.705 1.221 399.4 SAFE
5 P5 320.52 0.705 -1.221 398.52 SAFE

b)Load Combination 11:-

 Q = Ultimate load including 10% self weight = 1223.25KN
∑x2 = Sum of squares of distances of all piles from x- axis = 1.99sqm
∑z2 = Sum of squares of distances of all piles from z- axis = 5.96sqm
Mx = Moment about x- axis 131.60KN-m
Mz = Moment about z- axis 174.50KN-m
Pu = Ultimate load carrying capacity of pile = 405.00KN

S.No Pile No. Q/n xi zi Pile reaction

1 P1 244.65 -0.705 -1.221 155.87 SAFE

2 P2 244.65 -0.705 1.221 209.79 SAFE
3 P3 244.65 0 0 244.65 SAFE
4 P4 244.65 0.705 -1.221 279.51 SAFE
5 P5 244.65 0.705 1.221 333.43 SAFE

All the pile reactions are safe.Hence the design of the pile cap is carried out for the pile cap
dimensions given below:-

The length of pile cap proposed =

The width of pile cap proposed =
Distance between c/c of piles = L =
Shear span av =

IV) Design for bending:-

a)For bending action about Z-axis:-

Pile Reactions contributing to bending moment & corresponding lever arm about critical section:-

S.No Pile No Pile reaction Lever arm Moment

1 P1 242.52 1.221 296.12

2 P4 320.52 1.221 391.35
687.47

S.No Pile No Pile reaction Lever arm Moment

1 P2 209.79 1.221 256.15

2 P5 333.43 1.221 407.12
663.27

The design bending moment about Z-axis = Muz =

Adopting Limit state method of design Mu = 0.133 fckbd2

The effective depth of footing required = d = [Mu/(0.133fckb)]0.5

257.55mm

Over all depth required assuming 20mm dia bars = = 317.55mm

 However assume 900mm over all depth,then effective depth comes to

The actual depth of neutral axis =

Area of steel required =

No.of 16mm dia bars required =

However No.of 16mm bars provided =

Then the area of reinforcement provided =

Percentage of reinforcement provided =

b)For bending action about x-axis:-

Pile Reactions contributing to bending moment & corresponding lever arm about critical section:-

S.No Pile No Pile reaction Lever arm Moment

1 P1 242.52 0.705 170.98

2 P2 241.64 0.705 170.36
341.34

S.No Pile No Pile reaction Lever arm Moment

1 P4 399.4 0.705 281.58

2 P5 333.43 0.705 235.07
516.65

The design bending moment about Z-axis = Muz =

Adopting Limit state method of design Mu = 0.133 fckbd2

The effective depth of footing required = d = [Mu/(0.133fckb)]0.5

272.99mm

Over all depth required assuming 20mm dia bars = = 332.99mm

However assume 900mm over all depth,then effective depth comes to

The actual depth of neutral axis =

Area of steel required =

No.of 16mm dia bars required =

However No.of 16mm bars provided =

Then the area of reinforcement provided =

 Percentage of reinforcement provided =

V) Design for Shear:-

a)Check for two way shear:-

The critical section for punching shear is located at d/2 from the face of the column.

Hence,perimetre of the punching area is = 5760.00mm

Punching shear stress = 0.30N/sqmm

Permissible punching shear stress = 0.25√fck = 1.25N/sqmm >0.30N/sqmm Hence safe.

b)Check for one-way shear:-

The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column

The Clause 34.2.4.2 of IS 456 – 2000 states the following:-

In computing the external shear or any section through a footing supported on

Piles, the entire reaction from any pile of diameter Dp whose centre is located
Dp/2 or more outside the section shall be assumed as producing shear on the
section; the reaction from any Pile whose centre is located Dp/2 or more inside
the section shall be assumed as producing no shear on the section. For
intermediate positions of the pile centre, the position of pile reaction to be
assumed as producing shear on the section shall be based on straight line
interpolation between full value at Dp/2 outside the section and zero value at
Dp/2 inside the section

Pile reactions contributing to one-way shear for the sections located at a distance 'd' from the face of column

Section Pile No Pile reaction

1 P1 0
P3 0
P6 0
P8 0
0
2 P2 0
P5 0
P7 0
P9 0
0
3 P1 242.52
P2 0
P3 0
P4 399.4
641.92
4 P5 209.79
P6 333.43
P8 0
 P9 0
543.22

The critical shear force on the section = 543.22KN

Hence,the factored design shear force V Fd = 543.22KN

Nominal shear stress Tv = 0.310N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm

(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)

Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view

The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided = 0.149%

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from

Table 19 of IS 456 is 0.280 N/sqmm

As per clause 40.5.1 of IS 456:2000,the shear strength can be increased by 2d/a v times for the sections locate
at a distance closer than 2d from concentrated load or face of support,where a v is the shear span

2d/av = 1.79

Hence,increased shear strength = 0.501 N/sqmm Hence Vuc = 877.80KN

0.501 >0.310

Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.

c) Check for Truss action:-

The shear span to depth ratio = av/d = 1.12 >0.60

Though,the truss action is not pre-dominant,the tensile reinforcement should be checked for horizontal tensile
resulting from truss action,because av/d ratio is not more than 2.

Hd=(Pu/2)[L/2-a/4]

H = Pu/8d[2L-a] = 493.65KN

Area of steel required to resist the above above tensile force A st =

The tensile reinforcement provided is more than the above value.Hence O.K

d) Bursting steel:-

Generally 0.2 times tensile steel will be provided as bursting steel.

 Hence,the bursting steel required = 522.50sqmm

Adopting 16mm rings,No.of rings required = 2.6

However,provide 5 Nos of 16mm dia rings as bursting steel.

32,33)

1456.90KN
145.69KN
1602.59KN

centre to centre of bored DUR

360.00KN

1800.00KN

1350.00KN

1215.00KN

1822.50KN > Total load

Hence O.K

DUR
 DUR

Critical Section
or bending about
X-axis
3.117m
2.085m
1.41m
0.940m

687.47KN-m
 840.00mm

44.61mm

1924.34sqmm

9.58Nos

13Nos

2612.48sqmm

0.149

516.65KN-m

840.00mm

33.33mm

1437.89sqmm

7.16Nos

13Nos

2612.48sqmm
0.149
 times for the sections located

hecked for horizontal tensile force ' H '

1134.83sqmm
 DESIGN OF PILE CAPS----PC3(5,7,15,16,17,19,20,21,22,24,25,26,34,186,187,188,189,190

I) Design Parametres:-

Concrete mix : M25

Steel : Fe500
Cover to Reinforcement : 50mm
Unit weight of RCC = 25.0KN/cum
Unit weight of Brick masonry = 19.0KN/cum
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25.00N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 500N/sqmm
Bredth of column = 0.23m
Depth of column = a = 0.30m
Dia of pile = 0.375m
Factored load on column = P = 734.84KN

II) Proportioning of pile cap:-

Factored load on the pile cap =

Add for self weight of pile cap =
Total load = Pu =

As per Table 1 of IS:2911(Part III)-1980,safe load carrying capacity 375mm dia DUR piles in medium compact
sandy soils or clayey soils of medium consistency for 3.75m depth is = 360.00KN

Safe load carrying acapacity for 4.25m depth = 390

As per clause 5.2.7.2 of IS:2911(Part III)-1980,the minimum spacing between the centre to centre of bored DU
piles should not be less than 1.5Du.

Assuming water table in the pile bulb,the safe load carrying capacity is to be reduced by 25% as per the
clause B-1.6 of IS 2911(Part III)-1980.

Providing two piles,the load carrying capacity of the pile cap will be

Reducing 10% per each pile due to group action,the net safe load carrying
capacity

Hence,ultimate load carrying capacity of the pile cap =

As per the above criteria,the proposed pile cap is as shown below:-

375Ø DUR P

2.09
0
 375Ø DUR P

2.09

0 .7 0
1.41

As such,the dimensions of the pile cap of as given below:-

The length of pile cap proposed =

The width of pile cap proposed =
Distance between c/c of piles = L =
Shear span av =

III) Depth of pile cap:-

a)For bending action:-

The ultimate bending moment on the pile cap = M u = (Pu/2)x[L/2-a/4] =

Adopting Limit state method of design Mu = 0.133 fckbd2

The effective depth of footing required = d = [Mu/(0.133fckb)]0.5

315.36mm

Over all depth required assuming 16mm dia bars = = 375.36mm

However assume 800mm overall depth,then the effective depth comes to

The actual depth of neutral axis =

Area of steel required =

No.of 16mm dia bars required =

Hence No.of 16mm dia bars to be provided within pile diametre =

Then the area of reinforcement provided =

Percentage of reinforcement provided =

b)Check for shear:-

 The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column

Hence,the factored design shear force V Fd = 367.42KN

Nominal shear stress Tv = 0.709N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm

(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)

Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view

The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided = 0.272%

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from

Table 19 of IS 456 is 0.371 N/sqmm

As per clause 40.5.1 of IS 456:2000,the shear strength can be increased by 2d/a v times for the sections locate
at a distance closer than 2d from concentrated load or face of support,where a v is the shear span

2d/av = 2.08

Hence,increased shear strength = 0.772 N/sqmm Hence Vuc = 399.73KN

0.772 >0.709

Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.

c) Check for Truss action:-

The shear span to depth ratio = av/d = 0.96 >0.60

Though,the truss action is not pre-dominant,the tensile reinforcement should be checked for horizontal tensile
resulting from truss action,because av/d ratio is not more than 2.

Hd=(Pu/2)[L/2-a/4]

H = Pu/8d[2L-a] = 328.44KN

Area of steel required to resist the above above tensile force A st =

The tensile reinforcement provided is more than the above value.Hence O.K

d) Bursting steel:-

Generally 0.2 times tensile steel will be provided as bursting steel.

Hence,the bursting steel required = 281.34sqmm

Adopting 12mm rings,No.of rings required = 2.49

However,provide 4 Nos of 12mm dia rings as bursting steel.

34,186,187,188,189,190,)

734.84KN
36.74KN
771.58KN
1.99625

DUR piles in medium compact

centre to centre of bored DUR

uced by 25% as per the

585.00KN

526.50KN

789.75KN > Total load

Hence O.K

75Ø DUR Piles

75Ø DUR Piles

2.09m
0.70m
1.41m
0.710m

231.47KN-m

740.00mm

51.13mm

740.57sqmm

3.69Nos

7Nos

1406.72sqmm

0.272
v
times for the sections located

checked for horizontal tensile force ' H '

755.03sqmm

.Hence O.K
#DIV/0!
 DESIGN OF PILE CAPS----PC4(171,172,173)

I) Design Parametres:-

Concrete mix : M25

Steel : Fe500
Cover to Reinforcement : 50mm
Unit weight of RCC = 25.0KN/cum
Unit weight of Brick masonry = 19.0KN/cum
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25.00N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 500N/sqmm
Bredth of column = 0.23m
Depth of column = a = 0.45m
Dia of pile = 0.300m
Factored load on column = P = 435.06KN

II) Proportioning of pile cap:-

Factored load on the pile cap =

Add for self weight of pile cap =
Total load = Pu =

As per Table 1 of IS:2911(Part III)-1980,safe load carrying capacity 300mm dia DUR piles in medium compact
sandy soils or clayey soils of medium consistency for 3.5m depth is = 240.00KN

Load carrying capacity for 3.75m depth = 251.67KN

As per clause 5.2.7.2 of IS:2911(Part III)-1980,the minimum spacing between the centre to centre of bored DU
piles should not be less than 1.5Du.

Assuming water table in the pile bulb,the safe load carrying capacity is to be reduced by 25% as per the
clause B-1.6 of IS 2911(Part III)-1980.

Providing two piles,the load carrying capacity of the pile cap will be

Reducing 10% per each pile due to group action,the net safe load carrying
capacity

Hence,ultimate load carrying capacity of the pile cap =

As per the above criteria,the proposed pile cap is as shown below:-

300Ø D

1.73
0
 300Ø D

1.73

0 .6 0
1.13

As such,the dimensions of the pile cap of as given below:-

The length of pile cap proposed =

The width of pile cap proposed =
Distance between c/c of piles = L =
Shear span av =

III) Depth of pile cap:-

a)For bending action:-

The ultimate bending moment on the pile cap = M u = (Pu/2)x[L/2-a/4] =

Adopting Limit state method of design Mu = 0.133 fckbd2

The effective depth of footing required = d = [Mu/(0.133fckb)]0.5

222.12mm

Over all depth required assuming 16mm dia bars = = 282.12mm

However assume 600mm overall depth,then the effective depth comes to

The actual depth of neutral axis =

Area of steel required =

No.of 16mm dia bars required =

Hence No.of 16mm dia bars to be provided within pile diametre =

Then the area of reinforcement provided =

Percentage of reinforcement provided =

b)Check for shear:-

 The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column

Hence,the factored design shear force V Fd = 217.53KN

Nominal shear stress Tv = 0.671N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm

(As per Table 20 of 1S 456)

Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view

The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided = 0.310%

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from

Table 19 of IS 456 is 0.391 N/sqmm

As per clause 40.5.1 of IS 456:2000,the shear strength can be increased by 2d/a v times for the sections locate
at a distance closer than 2d from concentrated load or face of support,where a v is the shear span

2d/av = 1.93

Hence,increased shear strength = 0.755 N/sqmm Hence Vuc = 244.50KN

0.755 >0.671

Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.

c) Check for Truss action:-

The shear span to depth ratio = av/d = 1.04 >0.60

Though,the truss action is not pre-dominant,the tensile reinforcement should be checked for horizontal tensile
resulting from truss action,because av/d ratio is not more than 2.

Hd=(Pu/2)[L/2-a/4]

H = Pu/8d[2L-a] = 200.51KN

Area of steel required to resist the above above tensile force A st =

The tensile reinforcement provided is more than the above value.Hence O.K

d) Bursting steel:-

Generally 0.2 times tensile steel will be provided as bursting steel.

Hence,the bursting steel required = 200.96sqmm

Adopting 12mm rings,No.of rings required = 1.78

However,provide 4 Nos of 12mm dia rings as bursting steel.

3)

7 16 1408
2 20 628.57142857
2 25 982.14285714

879.75

435.06KN
43.51KN
478.57KN

DUR piles in medium compact

centre to centre of bored DUR

uced by 25% as per the

377.50KN

339.75KN

509.63KN > Total load

Hence O.K

300Ø DUR Piles

0
0 .6 0 300Ø DUR Piles

1.73m
0.60m
1.13m
0.560m

98.43KN-m

540.00mm

34.69mm

430.65sqmm

2.14Nos

5Nos

1004.80sqmm

0.31
v
times for the sections located

checked for horizontal tensile force ' H '

460.94sqmm

.Hence O.K
#DIV/0!
 DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB:-
Design Parametres:-
Unit weight of RCC = 25KN/cum
Concrete mix : M25
Steel : Fe500
Cover to Reinforcement : 20mm
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 500N/sqmm
Item Slab panel Description
S1 S2

Length of slab panel ly in m 17.08 5.55

Width of slab panel lx in m 3.78 2.14
ly/lx 4.52 2.59
Overall depth required in mm 145 82
Width of slab panel considered 'b' in 1.00 1.00
'm'
Depth provided 'D' in 'm' 0.15 0.135
Dia.of bars assumed 8mm 8mm
Dead load in KN/sqm 4.750 4.375
Live load in KN/sqm 4.00 4.00
Floor finishes in KN/sqm 1.00 1.00
Total Load in KN/sqm 9.750 9.375
Design Moment Me1(-)ve in KN-m 20.90 6.44
Effective depth for balanced section 87.01 48.3
in 'mm'
Effective depth provided 'd' in 'mm' 126 111
Actual depth of neutral axis 'xu' in 19.72 6.61
'mm'
Maximum depth of neutral axis 'xumax' 60.48 53.28
in 'mm'
Area of steel required Ast in 'mm2' 408.08 136.8
Main Steel provided at continuous 8mm@120m 8mm@175mm
edge m c/c c/c
Area of steel provided in mm2 418.67 287.09
Dist. Steel provided at continuous 8mm@200m 8mm@200mm
edge m c/c c/c
Area of steel provided in mm 2 251.2 251.2
 1 0.15 25 3.75
1
1

32.49 11.19 0.176684

16 20 5028.571

10 25 4910.714
 DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB:-
Design Parametres:-
Unit weight of RCC = 25KN/cum
Concrete mix M25
Steel Fe500
Cover to Reinforcement 25mm
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = 25N/sqmm
Yield strength of steel = 500N/sqmm
Item Slab panel Description
S3(End Panel)--Two S4(Interior Panel)
adjacent edges
discontinuous

Length of slab panel ly in m 4.59 5.01

Width of slab panel lx in m 2.77 3.05
ly/lx 1.66 1.64
Overall depth required in mm 87 95
Width of slab panel considered 'b' in 1.00 1.00
'm'
Depth provided 'D' in 'm' 0.135 0.125
Dia.of bars assumed 8mm 8mm
Dead load in KN/sqm 4.375 4.125
Live load in KN/sqm 4.00 4.00
Floor finishes in KN/sqm 1.00 1.00
Total Load in KN/sqm 9.38 9.13
Short span(-) moment coefficient at 0.080 0.057
continuous edge
Short span(-) moment at continuous 5.75 4.84
edge
Short span(+) moment coefficient at 0.060 0.043
mid span
Short span(+) moment at mid span 4.32 3.65
Long span(-) moment coefficient at 0.047 0.032
continuous edge
Long span(-) moment at continuous 3.38 2.72
edge
Long span(+) moment coefficient at 0.035 0.024
mid span
Long span(+) moment at mid span 2.52 2.04
Design Moment Me1(-)ve in KN-m 8.63 7.26
Effective depth for balanced section 55.92 51.28
in 'mm'
Effective depth provided 'd' in 'mm' 106 96
Actual depth of neutral axis 'xu' in 9.4 8.73
'mm'
Maximum depth of neutral axis 'xumax' 50.88 46.08
in 'mm'
Area of steel required Ast in 'mm2' 194.45 180.7
Main Steel provided at continuous 8mm@175mm c/c 8mm@175mm c/c
edge
Area of steel provided in mm2 287.09 287.09
Design Moment Me1(+)ve in KN-m 6.47 5.48
Effective depth for balanced section 48.43 44.54
in 'mm'
Actual depth of neutral axis 'xu' in 6.98 6.52
'mm'
Maximum depth of neutral axis 'xumax' 50.88 46.08
in 'mm'
Area of steel required Ast in 'mm2' 144.4 134.96
Main Steel provided at mid span 8mm@175mm c/c 8mm@175mm c/c

Area of steel provided in mm2 287.09 287.09

Design Moment Me1(-)ve in KN-m(Long 5.07 4.07
span)
Effective depth for balanced section 42.87 38.42
in 'mm'
Actual depth of neutral axis 'xu' in 5.43 4.82
'mm'
Maximum depth of neutral axis 'xumax' 50.88 46.08
in 'mm'
Area of steel required Ast in 'mm2' 112.4 99.67
Dist. Steel provided at continuous 8mm@200mm c/c 8mm@200mm c/c
edge
Area of steel provided in mm2 251.2 251.2
Dist.steel at mid span 8mm@200mm c/c 8mm@200mm c/c
 2.622

16 0 4.8768 0.135467
155 0 47.244

16