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Ventilation System

Ventilation systems are designed to maintain balanced air pressure within drainage pipes to prevent issues. Trap seal loss is the most common problem and can occur through siphonage, back pressure, or evaporation if traps are not properly ventilated. A main soil and waste vent extends through the roof to vent the drainage system. Individual vents connect directly underneath each fixture trap while unit vents connect two traps. Circuit vents can be used to vent multiple traps in a more cost effective way. Relief vents help vent soil and waste pipes.

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Joseph Ryan Manandeg
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192 views

Ventilation System

Ventilation systems are designed to maintain balanced air pressure within drainage pipes to prevent issues. Trap seal loss is the most common problem and can occur through siphonage, back pressure, or evaporation if traps are not properly ventilated. A main soil and waste vent extends through the roof to vent the drainage system. Individual vents connect directly underneath each fixture trap while unit vents connect two traps. Circuit vents can be used to vent multiple traps in a more cost effective way. Relief vents help vent soil and waste pipes.

Uploaded by

Joseph Ryan Manandeg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ventilation System

Roldan Q. Pineda

Ventilation

- is that portion of the drainage pipe installation,


designed to maintained balance atmospheric pressure
inside the system to prevent problems like:

1. Trap seal loss


2. Retardation of flow
3. Deterioration of the rnaterials
Trap Seal Loss
* most cornmon and serious problem encountered in a
drainage system.

- can be attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap


and the subsequent minus and plus pressures inside
the system

l. Siphonage
2. Back Pressure
3. Evaporation
4. Capillary Action

l. Siphonage

Is the result of minus pressure in the drainage


system.
Closing one end of the trap by connecting a pipe
without ventilation will create an unequal
atmospheric condition. When large amount of water
flow rapidly through the trap, self-siphoning will
occur and the water content of the trap will be
discharged.
When the water seal is lost, gases coming from the
public sewer or septic tank will flow back into the
Two Types of Siphonage

1. Direct or self Siphoning - occur in unventilated traps


which serves as oval bottom of fixtures like lavatories
or slop sink.

2. Indirect or Momentum Siphoning - is the result of a


minus pressure in the pipe created by heavy discharge
of water from a fixture installed on a line serving
another fixture at a lower floor.

2. tsack Pressure

- Caused by plus pressure.


-, When large amount of water flow drops downward
'rapidly forming a slug like,the air inside the pipe
will be compressed downward.
- In the absence of adequate ventilation, the
compressed air will be forced to find its away out
through a weaker point.
3. Evaporation

* Considered a minor problem and is less probable to


drain the water inside the traP.
- Happens only on floor drain which are not regularly
used to admit water, but exposed to extreme
temperature.
Main Soil and Waste Vent

- Portion of the soil stack above the highest installed


fixture branch extending through the roof.

General Conditions in Installation


l. It must be installed as direct as possible.
2. Short radius fittings should be avoided, because it
reduces the flow of air.
3. Long horizontal line must be avoided.
4. It should have the same diameter as the soil or waste
pipe.

Main Vent
- Portion of the vent system, serving terminal for the
smaller forms of individual vent and grouped fixture
trap ventilation.
- Sometimes referred to as Collecting Vent Line.

General Conditions of Installation


l. The main vent shall be in full size at their base to the
main soil or waste pipe or below the lowest fixture
branch. It shall be extended undiminished in size
above &e roof, or shall be connected with the main
mII wtq ar least 1.00 meter above the highest
gsEGbmch-

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2. The main vent shall serve as a relief vent for any
anticipated backpressure. It must be free from offsets to
allow free movement of air and well supported on each
floor, if not embedded in concrete column, r,r'alls or
partitions.

lndividual Vent

Portion of the vent system that serves as single trap.


Also called Back Vent.
It is connected closer to the trap directly underneath
and back of the fixture, and reconnected into the
main vent above the overflow line of the fixtures
serves.
Most effective means of venting fixture trap to
prevent minus or plus pressure.
Since it is individualiy vented, it is costly.

144
o
Unit Vent

Portion of the vent system that ventilates two fixture


traps that discharges into a sanitary cross with
deflectors.
It is classified as another form of individual vent,
with identical form of back venting, having the same
principles in the functions.
This type of venting is common to fixture trap
serving apartment and hotel toilet particularll'. on the
fixtures with identical position and measurements.

Circuit or Looped Vent

- Employed where two or more fixture traps are


installed on a horizontal soil or waste branch.
- The use of circuit vent reduces the cost of plumbing
installation.
- This type of of ventilation is corlmon used in
buildings with more facilities and battery of fixtures.
- No more than 8 water closets or other fixtures shall
be allowed on a any circuit or loop vent.
Relief Vent
- Installed to ventilate the soil and waste pipe and the
connecting branches rather than the fixture traps.

Sope Provisions:
l. Waste branches which are circuit vented, shall be
provided with relief vent.
2.The base of the soil stack on tall building installation
is susceptible to back pressure, due to the large
volume of water rushing down inside the pipe.
Hence, a relief vent in this portion is necessary.
3. Relief vent may be installed at interval on the soil
pipe having changes in directions

Looped Vent

- Type of ventilation use on fixtures in a room away


from partitions.
- Common to beauty parlor, barber shop, dental clinic
and operating rooms.
- The use of looped vent is not practical, but
sometimes tolerated, only when other methods of
ventilation could not be possible.

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