DIPLOMA IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS
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SKU1013
BASIC CHEMISTRY II
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LAB REPORT EXPERIMENT 4
STANDARDIZATION OF ACID AND BASE SOLUTION
NAME :MUHAMMAD AMIRUDDIN BIN MD SHAH
NO. METRIC :E20171016971
GROUP : G
LECTURE :EN. MOHAMAD SHAHRIZAL AHMAD
TITLE
Standardization of acid and base solution
OBJECTIVE
1. To know how to prepare and standardise the concentration of NaOH and HCl
solution.
INTRODUCTION
During a titration, the volume of one reagent, the analyte (solution in Erlenmeyer
flask) is predetermined while the other reagent, the titrant (in burette) slowly
introduced to the analyte solution. The completion of this reaction can be determined
via observation through the use of an indicator. The amount of reagents is determined
by knowing exactly volume of known molarity that required to completely react with
the analyte. Knowledge on the ratio of reaction between acid and base allows
determination of the other solution's Molarity.
Two basic methods are used to establish the concentration of such solution. There are:
1. The direct method in which a carefully weighed quantity of a primary standard
compound is dissolved in a soluble solvent and diluted to a known volume in a
volumetric flask.
2. Standardization of the solution for titration analysis where the titrant (or titration
reagent e.g. NaOH) need to be standardized before using for determination of the
concentration of other solution. This process can be performed via titrating the titrant
against.
a. A weighed quantity of primary standard (in solution form).
b. A weight quantity of secondary standard (in solution form).
c. A measured volume of another solution.
A titrant that is standardized against a secondary standard or against another solution
is sometimes referred to as a secondary standard solution. The concentration of a
secondary solution is subject to a larger uncertainty than that to a primary standard
solution.
APPARATUS
Analytical balance, weighing bottle, Erlenmeyer flask, beaker 100 mL, volumetric
flask 250 mL and 500 m, pipette 20 mL and 25 mL, burette 50 mL
REAGENTS
Sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid (0.3 M), oxalate acid dehydrate, distilled water,
phenolphthalein indicator 6
PROCEDURE
A) Preparation of NaOH Solution
1. Weigh a quantity of NaOH pellet by using analytical balance to prepare 500 mL
solution of 0.2 M.
2. Transfer to the 100 mL clean beaker. Add enough distilled water to swirl the pellet
using glass rod until homogenies.
3. Transfer the solution into the volumetric flask 500 mL and add water till the mark.
Invert the flask for homogenies.
B) Standardisation of NaOH with oxalate acid dihydrate
1. Weigh accurately oxalate acid dehydrate (OHP) (powder) that theoretically will
completely react with 25 – 35 mL of NaOH of solution above by using analytical
balance (choose one volume of NaOH for calculate the amount of acid to be weigh).
2. Transfer the acid powder to the Erlenmeyer flask. Add distilled water to dilute the
acid.
3. Add two drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the solution in the flask.
4. Prepare 3 to 4 sample. Preparation of sample at difference weigh is better and the
reading should be note down.
5. Completely fill the burette with the sodium hydroxide solution and remove the air
from the burette tip by running out some of the solution into an empty beaker.
6. Make sure that the lower part of the meniscus is at zero mark or slightly lower.
7. Remove any hanging drop from the burette tip by touching it to the side of the
beaker used for washings.
8. Allow the burette to stand for at least 30 seconds before reading the exact position
of the meniscus.
9. Record the initial burette reading.
10. Titrate the acid solution with NaOH that you’ve been prepared in part A. Slowly
add the NaOH solution to your flask of H2C2O4 solution while gently swirling the
contents of the flask.
11. As the NaOH solution is added, a pink color appears where the drops of the base
come in contact with the solution. The color disappears with swirling.
12. As the end point is approached, the color disappears more slowly, at which time
the sodium hydroxide solution should be added drop by drop.
13. The end point is reached when one drop of the sodium hydroxide solution turns
the entire solution in the flask from colorless to pink.
14. The solution should remain pink when it is swirled and after that should maintain
its faint pink color for at least 30 seconds.
15. Repeat the procedure described above with at least three more samples.
16. Calculate the exactly molarity of NaOH solution.
17. Transfer the balance NaOH solution into volumetric flask and keep for next
experiment.
# Do not discard the standardized solution of NaOH. It will be used in the Part C
(experiment 1) and Experiment 2.
C) Standardization of HCl with NaOH
1. Refill and zero the NaOH burette. Read the NaOH level to within ± 0.02 mL and
record this value in the initial base reading on the data sheet.
2. Obtain a clean, but not necessarily dry, 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask , and using the
burette labeled "HCl" (located at the back of the room), transfer approximately 25.00
mL of the HCl acid solution into the flask. Read and record the initial and final acid
burette readings to ± 0.02 mL. It is not necessary to deliver exactly 25.00 mL of HCl
into the flask. What is important, is that the volume of HCl delivered into the flask is
known to two decimal places.
3. Add 3 to 4 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the HCl solution in the Erlenmeyer
flask.
4. Place the flask containing the acid solution and indicator under the burette and add
NaOH from the burette to the flask with swirling until a phenolphthalein endpoint is
reached. There should be a one-drop difference between when the solution is colorless
and when it is pink. If too much base is added (that is, if you "over-shoot" the
endpoint), discard the solution and repeat the titration.
5. When the proper end point is reached, read and record the final NaOH volume to
within ± 0.02 mL.
6. Discard the contents of the Erlenmeyer flask into the waste container located under
the hood. Repeat the titration procedure three time by following steps 1 - 5.
7. Calculate an average acid molarity using the two closest values.
8. Before returning the burette to the lab bench, please rinse it out with a couple of
water rinses.
