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Statistics Examples

This document provides a step-by-step example of creating a frequency distribution for a data set containing the values 2,3,4,5,3,6,8,6,4,22,3,4,5,3,6,8,6,4,2. The steps include determining the number of classes using Sturge's rule, calculating the class widths and boundaries, tallying the frequencies, calculating relative and percentage frequencies. The data is grouped into 4 classes with boundaries of 2-3.5, 3.5-5.5, 5.5-7.5, and 7.5-9.5 and percentage frequencies of 40%, 30%, 20%, and 10% respectively

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Jake Cimafranca
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115 views

Statistics Examples

This document provides a step-by-step example of creating a frequency distribution for a data set containing the values 2,3,4,5,3,6,8,6,4,22,3,4,5,3,6,8,6,4,2. The steps include determining the number of classes using Sturge's rule, calculating the class widths and boundaries, tallying the frequencies, calculating relative and percentage frequencies. The data is grouped into 4 classes with boundaries of 2-3.5, 3.5-5.5, 5.5-7.5, and 7.5-9.5 and percentage frequencies of 40%, 30%, 20%, and 10% respectively

Uploaded by

Jake Cimafranca
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statistics Examples

Step-by-Step Examples

Statistics

Frequency Distribution

Find the Percentage Frequency

2,3,4,5,3,6,8,6,4,22,3,4,5,3,6,8,6,4,2
The number of classes can be estimated using the rounded output of Sturge's
rule, N=1+3.322log(n)N=1+3.322logn, where NN is the number of classes and nn is
the number of items in the data set.
1+3.322log(6)=3.585018451+3.322log6=3.58501845
Select 44 classes for this example.
44
Find the data range by subtracting the minimum data value from the
maximum data value. In this case, the data range is 8−2=68-2=6.
66
Find the class width by dividing the data range by the desired number of groups. In this
case, 64=1.564=1.5.
1.51.5
Round 1.51.5 up to the nearest whole number. This will be the size of each group.
22
Start with 22 and create 44 groups of size 22.
ClassClassBoundariesFrequency2−34−56−78−9ClassClassBoundariesFrequency
2-34-56-78-9
Determine the class boundaries by subtracting 0.50.5 from the lower class limit and by
adding 0.50.5 to the upper class limit.
ClassClassBoundariesFrequency2−31.5−3.54−53.5−5.56−75.5−7.58−97.5−9.5Cla
ssClassBoundariesFrequency2-31.5-3.54-53.5-5.56-75.5-7.58-97.5-9.5
Draw a tally mark next to each class for each value that is contained within that class.
ClassClassBoundariesFrequency2−31.5−3.5||||4−53.5−5.5|||6−75.5−7.5||8−97.5
−9.5|ClassClassBoundariesFrequency2-31.5-3.5||||4-53.5-5.5|||6-75.5-7.5||8-
97.5-9.5|
Count the tally marks to determine the frequency of each class.
ClassClassBoundariesFrequency2−31.5−3.544−53.5−5.536−75.5−7.528−97.5−9.
51ClassClassBoundariesFrequency2-31.5-3.544-53.5-5.536-75.5-7.528-97.5-
9.51
The relative frequency of a data class is the percentage of data elements in that class.
The relative frequency can be calculated using the formula fi=fnfi=fn, where ff is the
absolute frequency and nn is the sum of all frequencies.
fi=fnfi=fn
nn is the sum of all frequencies. In this case, n=4+3+2+1=10n=4+3+2+1=10.
n=10n=10
The relative frequency can be calculated using the formula fi=fnfi=fn.
ClassClassBoundariesFrequency(f)fi2−31.5−3.544104−53.5−5.533106−75.5−7.5221
08−97.5−9.51110ClassClassBoundariesFrequencyffi2-31.5-3.544104-53.5-
5.533106-75.5-7.522108-97.5-9.51110
Simplify the relative frequency column.
ClassClassBoundariesFrequency(f)fi2−31.5−3.540.44−53.5−5.530.36−75.5−7.52
0.28−97.5−9.510.1ClassClassBoundariesFrequencyffi2-31.5-3.540.44-53.5-
5.530.36-75.5-7.520.28-97.5-9.510.1
Multiply every relative frequency by 100100 to get the percentage frequency.
ClassClassBoundariesFrequency(f)fiPercent2−31.5−3.540.40.4⋅100%4−53.5−5.5
30.30.3⋅100%6−75.5−7.520.20.2⋅100%8−97.5−9.510.10.1⋅100%ClassClassBoun
dariesFrequencyffiPercent2-31.5-3.540.40.4⋅100%4-53.5-5.530.30.3⋅100%6-
75.5-7.520.20.2⋅100%8-97.5-9.510.10.1⋅100%
Simplify the Percentage column.
ClassClassBoundariesFrequency(f)fiPercent2−31.5−3.540.440%4−53.5−5.530.33
0%6−75.5−7.520.220%8−97.5−9.510.110%

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