Scribd
Upload
134 views11 pages

Fast Fed Cycle 2016 MJH

This document discusses glucose homeostasis during different phases of fasting: 1. In the early fasting state, blood glucose levels drop after a few hours causing glucagon secretion which signals starvation and stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogen breakdown in the liver to maintain blood glucose. Muscle and liver use fatty acids as fuel. 2. During prolonged starvation, the liver produces large amounts of ketone bodies which the brain and heart use as fuel after 3 days. Fat stores are broken down and proteins are conserved to provide glucose and fatty acids. 3. After weeks of starvation and depletion of fat stores, protein degradation accelerates which can lead to organ failure and death if starvation continues. The document outlines the metabolic profiles

Uploaded by

Goran Mali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
134 views11 pages

Fast Fed Cycle 2016 MJH

This document discusses glucose homeostasis during different phases of fasting: 1. In the early fasting state, blood glucose levels drop after a few hours causing glucagon secretion which signals starvation and stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogen breakdown in the liver to maintain blood glucose. Muscle and liver use fatty acids as fuel. 2. During prolonged starvation, the liver produces large amounts of ketone bodies which the brain and heart use as fuel after 3 days. Fat stores are broken down and proteins are conserved to provide glucose and fatty acids. 3. After weeks of starvation and depletion of fat stores, protein degradation accelerates which can lead to organ failure and death if starvation continues. The document outlines the metabolic profiles

Uploaded by

Goran Mali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

5/30/2016

Feed-Fast Cycle

CONNECTION OF PATHWAYS
1. ATP is the universal currency of energy

2. ATP is generated by oxidation of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids ; common
intermediate -> acetyl CoA ; electron carrier -> NADH and FADH2

3. NADPH is major electron donor in reductive biosynthesis


4. Biomolecules are constructed from a small set of building blocks
5. Synthesis and degradation pathways almost always separated -> Compartmentation !!!

1
5/30/2016

METABOLIC PROFILE OF ORGANS

THE LIVER AS
CENTRAL PLAYER
• Blood from intestine

travels via hepatic

portal to liver 1st

• Liver ideally placed

to regulate fuel
Hepatic Artery

passage elsewhere

2
5/30/2016

KEY JUNCTIONS BETWEEN PATHWAYS

FIVE PHASES OF GLUCOSE


HOMEOSTASIS

• Absorptive, post-absorptive, and early


starvation occur sequentially over ~2
days.
• Intermediate, and prolonged starvation
are over 38 subsequent days and beyond

3
5/30/2016

POSTABSORPTIVE STATE
INSULIN SECRETION –STIMULATED BY GLUCOSE UPTAKE

POSTABSORPTIVE STATE -> AFTER A MEAL

4
5/30/2016

METABOLIC PROFILE OF ADIPOSITE TISSUE

Triacylglycerols are stored in

tissue

-> enormous reservoir of

metabolic fuel

-> needs glucose to synthesis

TAG;

-> glucose level determines if

fatty acids are released into

blood

10

5
5/30/2016

METABOLIC PROFILE OF MUSCLES

Major fuels are glucose, fatty acids, and


ketone bodies

-> has a large storage of glycogen

-> glucose is preferred fuel for burst of


activity
11
-> production of lactate (anaerobe)

METABOLIC PROFILE OF BRAIN

Glucose is fuel for human brain

-> ketone bodies can replace glucose


12

6
5/30/2016

MOBILIZATION AT STARVATION

Also at not
treated
diabetes

14

7
5/30/2016

EARLY FASTING STATE

Blood-glucose level drops after several hours after the meal


- > decrease in insulin secretion
-> rise in glucagon secretion Low blood-glucose level
-> stimulates glucagon secretion of α-cells of the pancreas

Glucagon:
-> signals starved state
-> mobilizes glycogen stores (break down)
-> inhibits glycogen synthesis
-> main target organ is liver
-> inhibits fatty acid synthesis
-> stimulates gluconeogenesis in liver
-> large amount of glucose in liver released to blood stream
-> maintain blood-glucose level

Muscle + Liver use fatty acids as fuel when blood-glucose 16


level drops

8
5/30/2016

EARLY FASTING STATE -> DURING THE NIGHT

17

LIVER FUNCTION IN THE FASTING STATE

9
5/30/2016

PROLONGED STARVATION

FIRST PRIORITY
-> provide sufficient glucose to brain and other tissues that are
dependent on it
SECOND PRIORITY
-> preserve protein
-> shift from utilization of glucose to utilization of fatty acids + ketone
bodies
-> mobilization of TAG in adipose tissues + gluconeogenesis by liver
-> muscle shift from glucose to fatty acids as fuel
AFTER 3 DAYS OF STARVATION
-> liver forms large amounts of ketone bodies
-> brain and heart start to use ketone bodies as fuel
AFTER SEVERAL WEEKS OF STARVATION
-> ketone bodies major fuel of brain
AFTER DEPLETION OF TAG STORES
-> proteins degradation accelerates
19
-> death due to loss of heart, liver, and kidney function

PROLONGED STARVATION

20

10
5/30/2016

+ - Fruc.
- PFK
Bisphos.
-

Summary:
Glucose
Homeostasis
During
Fasting

Figu re 23. Gl ucose Hom eos tasi s in the


Fas ted S tate .

11

You might also like