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Laplace 1

The document defines the Laplace transform and inverse Laplace transform, and provides examples of taking the Laplace transform of basic functions like step functions, exponentials, and sinusoids. It also presents two tables: Table A gives the Laplace transforms of common functions, and Table B lists Laplace transform theorems for properties like linearity, frequency shifting, time shifting, scaling, and differentiation. The document works through problems applying the tables to take the Laplace transform of given time functions and find the inverse Laplace transform of given Laplace transforms.

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Nia Adha Ryantie
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169 views8 pages

Laplace 1

The document defines the Laplace transform and inverse Laplace transform, and provides examples of taking the Laplace transform of basic functions like step functions, exponentials, and sinusoids. It also presents two tables: Table A gives the Laplace transforms of common functions, and Table B lists Laplace transform theorems for properties like linearity, frequency shifting, time shifting, scaling, and differentiation. The document works through problems applying the tables to take the Laplace transform of given time functions and find the inverse Laplace transform of given Laplace transforms.

Uploaded by

Nia Adha Ryantie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Laplace Transform

The Laplace transform is defined as


Z ∞
L[f (t)] = F (s) = f (t)e−st dt (1)
0
where s = σ + jω, a complex variable. F (s)
is called the Laplace transform of f (t). The
inverse Laplace transform, which allows us to
find f (t) given F (s), is
Z
σ+j∞
1
−1
L [F (s)] = F (s)est ds
2πj σ−j∞
= f (t)u(t) (2)
where

u(t) = 1 t>0
= 0 t<0
is the unit step function. Multiplication of f (t)
by u(t) yields a time function that is zero for
t < 0.

1
Example: Find the Laplace transform of f (t) =
u(t).

Solution:
Z ∞
F (s) = e−stdt
0 Z
1 at
←− eatdt = e +c
a
1
= − [e(−s)∞ − e(−s)0]
s
1
=
s

2
Problem: Find the Laplace transform of f (t) =
5e−3t .

Solution:
Z ∞
F (s) = f (t)e−st dt
Z0∞
= 5e−3t e−stdt
0Z
∞
= 5 e−(s+3)tdt
0Z
at 1 at
←− e dt = e + c
a
5
= − [e−(s+3)∞ − e−(s+3)0]
s+3
5
=
s+3

3
Using Equation (1), it is possible to derive a
table relating f (t) to F (s) for specific cases.

Laplace transform table (Table A)

Item no. f (t) F (s)

1. δ(t) 1

2. u(t) 1
s

3. t 1
s2

4. tn n!
sn+1

5. e−at 1
s+a

6. sin(ωt) ω
s2+ω 2

7. cos(ωt) s
s2+ω 2

4
In addition to the Laplace transform Table, we
can use Laplace transform theorems to assist
in transforming between f (t) and F (s).

Laplace transform theorems (Table B)


Item Theorem Name
no R∞
1. L[f (t)] = F (s) = 0
f (t)e−stdt Definition

2. L[kf (t)] = kF (s) Linearity

3. L[f1 (t) + f2 (t)] = F1 (s) + F2 (s) Linearity

4. L[e−atf (t)] = F (s + a) Frequency shift

5. L[f (t − T )] = e−sT F (s) Time shift

6. L[f (at)] = 1a F ( as ) Scaling

7. L[ df
dt
] = sF (s) − f (0) Differentiation
2
8. L[ ddtf2 ] = s2 F (s) − sf (0) − f˙(0) Differentiation
n Pn
9. L[ ddtfn ] = sn F (s) − k=1
sn−k f (k−1)(0) Differentiation
Rt F (s)
10. L[ 0
f (τ )dτ ] = s
Integration

11. f (∞) = lims→0 sF (s) Final value

12. f (0) = lims→∞ sF (s) Initial value

5
Problem: Find the inverse Laplace transform
1
of F1(s) = (s+3) 2.

Solution: For this example, we make use of


the Item 3 in Table A, and Item 4 in Table B.

The Laplace transform of f (t) = t is F (s) = 12 .


s
(Item 3 in Table A)

We need to find the inverse of F (s + 3) =


1 .
(s+3)2

The inverse Laplace transform of F (s + a) =


e−atf (t) (Item 3 in Table A)

Since f (t) = t, so f1(t) = e−3t t.

6
Problem: Using Table A and B, find the Laplace
transform of the time function

f1(t) = e−5t cos(4t)

Solution: We make use of the Item 7 in Table


A, and Item 4 in Table B.

The Laplace transform of f (t) = cos(4t) is


s
F (s) = s2+4 s
2 = s2 +16 . (Item 7 in Table A)

The Laplace transform of e−atf (t) is F (s + a)


(Item 3 in Table A), so

e−5t f (t) → F (s + 5)

s+5 s+5
→ =
(s + 5)2 + 16 s2 + 10s + 41

7
Problem: Using Table A and B, find the Laplace
transform of the time function

f (t) = 3t + 4t2

Solution: We make use of the Item 3 and Item


4 in Table A, and Item 2 and Item 3 in Table
B.

The Laplace transforms of t and f (t) = t2 are


1 and 2 (Item 3 and Item 4 in Table A).
s2 s3

Applying Item 2 and Item 3 in Table B, we


have
3 4×2 3s + 8
F (3t + 4t2) = 2 + =
s s3 s3

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