MRDG

Generator Differential
Protection System

P&B 01.01.96
MRDG 14:06:55

PARA DATA

MRDG Version 130/11/98 Page 1

Contents

1 Introduction and Application

2 Features and Characteristics 5.2 SYSTEM settings

5.2.1 Selection
5.2.2 Overview
3 Design 5.2.3 Time / Date
3.1 Relay front 5.2.4 Password change
3.1.1 Display 5.3 PARAMETER-pages
3.1.2 LEDs 5.3.1 Selection
3.1.3 Push-buttons 5.3.2 Overview
3.1.4 Parameter interface RS232 5.3.3 Generator ratings
3.1.5 Fault recorder (optionally) 5.3.4 Protection parameters
3.2 Master module 5.3.5 Relay-settings
3.2.1 Interface RS485 5.3.6 Validity check
3.2.2 CAN Bus (optionally) 5.4 DATA pages
3.2.3 Function inputs and signal inputs 5.4.1 Selection
(optionally) 5.4.2 Overview
3.3 Basic module and additional module 5.4.3 Measured and calculated data
3.3.1 Basic module NT 6I 5.4.4 FAULT Recorder
5.4.5 EVENT-Recorder
5.4.6 Statistic data
4 Working principle 5.5 TEST-routines page (Self-test)
5.5.1 Page selection
4.1 Protective functions 5.5.2 Overview
4.1.1 Generator differential protection 5.6 Parameter programming help
4.2 Analogue measured value detection
4.2.1 Current measuring
4.3 Digital signal processor 6 Relay Tests
4.4 Digital main processor
4.5 Block diagram
4.6 General functions 7 Commissioning
4.6.1 Event-Recorder
4.6.2 Fault-Recorder 7.1 Check list
4.6.3 Self-test relay 7.2 C.T. connection
4.6.4 Self-test
4.6.5 Output relay settings

8 Technical Data
5 Operation
8.1 Differential Protection
5.1 General Relay
5.1.1 Data organization 9 Tables / Connection diagrams
5.1.2 Parameter sets
5.1.3 Key function 9.1 Possible event messages
5.1.4 LEDs 9.2 Views
5.1.5 VIEW mode / EDIT mode
5.1.6 OFFLINE-TEST mode
5.1.7 DEVICE RESET 10 Type code
5.1.8 Enter password
5.1.9 Password forgotten
This technical manual is valid for software
version V01-1.03.
1 Introduction and Application

MRDG is a modular system to protect All essential parameters, measuring data or

electrical apparatus and it is used for complex values calculated from these can be called off
applications in the energy distribution, and are shown locally on the display. The
primarily designed for transformer, generator, MRDG is equipped with an Event Recorder
motor or line protection; additionally it can be which stores all system signals, protection
integrated into automation systems. Due to its activation's or trip events. When trips occur a
modular design, the MRDG can be adapted to Fault Recorder records all fault data measured
individual applications without problem, with at the instant of the trip. Data of both recorders
all implemented functions remaining is provided with a time stamp and can be
combined in one single device. All vacant rack called off either at the display or interface.
places in the basic unit can optionally be used For exact fault analysis a Disturbance
for modules according to requirements. The Recorder can optionally be integrated which
modules provide the necessary measuring stores all measured fault data and time
inputs e.g. for two-winding or three-winding characteristic of the sampled signal after a trip
transformers as well as increase the number of event, filed on an easy exchangeable memory
output relays or digital inputs according to card.
requirements.
At present the following versions of MRDG are
The high-performance digital technique of available :
data calculation makes complex mathematical
algorithm for measured value processing • MRDT-T2 Transformer differential
possible for the MRDG as well as utilisation of protection for two-winding transformers
the trip decision resulting from the individual • MRDT-T3 Transformer differential
protection functions. The MRDG software is protection for three-winding transformers
also of modular structure. Each protection • MIRD-G Differential protection for generators and
function is allocated to a special program motors
segment and so it is possible to subsequently
add further functions.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 3

2 Features and Characteristics

Basic Unit Functions which can be programmed by the

user :
Standard equipment • Protection and system parameters
• Modular design • Latched position or minimal signal duration
with automatic short circuiting C.T.-inputs for each of the output relays
• Signal and data processing in a separate
digital signal processor (32 samples per Optional equipment
cycle) • CAN Bus
• Digital filtering of measured quantities • FO connection (fibre optic) for RS485
• Three possibilities of parameter setting and interface
data calling: • Disturbance recorder on PCM card
1) keyboard and display • Addition of further protection functions after
installation of additional software modules
2) RS232 interface at the front (lap top)
3) RS485 interface for integration into Generator differential protection
control systems at the rear • Stabilisation against CT measuring errors
• Safety interlocking preventing parameter • No complete blocking of differential element but only
setting via different ways at the same time reduced sensitivity
• Independent High Set differential element for heavy
• extensive internal plausibility check of faults
modified parameters
• Event Recorder for recording system
messages
• Fault Recorder for recording measured fault
data
• Four programmable independent parameter
sets
• Non-volatile memory for parameter sets,
events and fault data
• Indication of measured operational values
and resulting quantities
• Wide-ranging automatic self-tests
• Small relay size
• Three possibilities for relay resetting
• Indication of relay function optically or via
separate selfsupervision relay
• All data interfaces galvanical isolated
• Rated frequency selectable: 50 Hz/60 Hz
• Parameter setting protected by password

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 4

3 Design

This chapter informs briefly about operation • Operational voltage available

elements and indication elements of the • Trip
MRDG. Name and position of the individual • OFFLINE TEST mode active
modules are also described. In chapter 5 • Edit mode active
operating of the relay and type specific • Displayed parameter is modified but has not been
functions are explained in more detail. stored yet
• Switch status of the 5 (optionally 10) output relays
• Display of the relay function (self-test)
GNote b) Status display of the 15 digital inputs (if
Front view and rear view illustrations of the
provided)
MRDG as well as connection diagrams can be
These 15 indications are shown at the left of
found at the end of the manual.
the display informing about the status of the
3.1 Relay front digital inputs.

3.1.3 Push-buttons
P&B 04.12.98
MRDG 11:28:36 All necessary MRDG adjustments and inquiries
Display in Home Position
can be carried out from the front of the relay
by pressing the respective push-button (9 in
3.1.1 Display total). Individual function of these push-
buttons is explained in chapter Operating.
The MRDG is provided with a 16-digit,
double-line 3.1.4 Parameter interface RS232
liquid crystal display (LCD), which is of
alphanumerical design for an easy dialog. The At the left of the relay front there is a 9-pole,
figure above shows the basic status of the D-SUB plug-and-socket connector for
display. Dependent on the mode selected, the temporary lap-top connection. At this
following data can be shown on the display: connection a serial interface RS-232 is
provided. A standard IBMTM compatible PC or
• Date / Time / Relay type (Home Position) portable notebook can be connected to this PC
• Measured operational data interface. To connected MRDG and PC a 1:1
• Measured fault data modem-cable with 9-pole plug-and-socket is
• System parameters and protection parameters used. By using P&B software Microset, which
• System signals and fault signals
is WindowsTM compatible, MRDG parameters
3.1.2 LEDs can comfortably be set. Additionally all
measured operational and fault data can be
Additionally to the display there are max. 30 read out of the relay integrated non-volatile
LEDs at the front, indicating each of the memories and the optional fault recorder.
operational status in the MRDG. All LEDs are
3.1.5 Disturbance recorder (optionally)
two-coloured (red/green) and arranged in two
groups:
The right rack place at the relay front is
reserved for the disturbance recorder and
a) System and relay status indications
consists of a duct for the storage medium
The 15 system indications are arranged
which is a PC memory card according to the
underneath the alphanumerical display. They
PC card standard (PCMCIA) in this case.
are allocated to a certain function and show:

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 5

3.2 Master module 3.2.3 Function inputs and signal inputs
(optionally)
The master module is fitted right in the middle
and contains componentries for data These 15 digital inputs (contacts 1-15) are
processing, the main processor and the combined on the 16-pole plug-and-socket
following connections: connector. The sixteenth contact is the
common return wire. Any incoming
information
3.2.1 Interface RS485
a) can direct be assigned to selectable output
Interface RS485 at the rear of the relay is a relays.
permanent connection between the MRDG and This application method enables recording of
the host computer. This interface operates at a the contact status (open or closed) of external
constant transmission ratio of 9600 Baud if protection devices.
P&B protocol "RS485pro" is used. Via RS485
interface all measured operational and fault b) can logically be interlinked with MRDG
data as well as operational status indications internal protection functions. The logical
can be read out - identical to RS232 interface. interlinking result can than be assigned to
Remote setting of parameters is also possible output relays.
from the control station. The 8-pole plug-and-
socket connector contains all necessary An input can be considered active when a
connections for this interface. voltage quantity within the permissible high
range (see Technical Data) is connected to the
input contact and the common return wire. If
3.2.2 CAN-Bus (optionally) the voltage is lower, the input is classed as
being inactive. Specific function of the
This data interface is used for integrating the individual inputs can be defined during
MRDG into special automation systems and for programming (see chapter 6). Digital inputs
specific function additions (e.g. temperature are galvanical isolated from the relay
measuring module, graphic-display module). electronics.
For the CAN Bus interfaces two 9-pole D-
SUB plug-and-socket connectors are used.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 6

3.3 Basic module

Plug-in units 1 and 3 are intended for

individual applications and at our works they
are equipped with modules for measuring
value detection in compliance with the relay
function. (see folding page)

GImportant Note
The MRDG must only be dismantled or opened by authorised staff .
Removal of live modules entail severe danger for the person(s) involved because there can no
sufficient protection against accidental contact be guaranteed as soon as the relay has been
opened. Furthermore there is the risk of the modules being damaged by electrostatic discharge
(ESD/EGB) when handled improperly.

Identical modules must not be exchanged between different MRDG basic versions.

Calibration of every MRDG is done at work with regard to the specific features of that relay. A
random change of modules would lead to unreliable operation of the relay because the
compatibility of the relay components among each other would be in disorder and could not be
guaranteed any longer.
Any modification jobs on the MRDG, for instance, exchange of modules or software additions,
are only allowed to be done at our works or by authorised agents.

3.3.1 Basic module NT 6I RESET Input

If a voltage is applied to terminals of the
For generator, motor and transformer RESET input (C8-D8), the MRDG is reset to
differential protection, module NT-61 is its basic status. By this procedure possible
plugged into the first space. alarms and trip signals are cancelled.
Measuring inputs The voltage applied for resetting must be
The module consists of six current measuring within the permissible high-range (see
channels which are used for measuring the technical data), although it must not
three conductor currents of each winding. The necessarily be identical with the latter. The
CT start point must be formed outside the input is galvanical isolated from the relay
relay since all 12 CT connections are wired electronics. Contact D8 is also the neutral or
separately on terminals. In addition to other minus for the blocking input.
measuring or protection devices the MRDG can
be looped in to existing CT lines, assumed the Alarm relays
CT being able to carry the total burden. Potential free outputs of the five alarm relays
provided are at terminals C, D and E, series 1
Apart from further connections for voltage to 7. Exact allocation can be taken from the
supply of the relay, the module is also connection diagram. Relay 5 is permanently
provided with a digital input for remote assigned to Selftest Relay. Function allocation
resetting as well as connection facilities for the of the remaining relays is free and can be
five output relays. Four of these are free to be defined when programming (see chapter 5).
used acc. to requirement, the fifth is assigned Two of these four relays are provided with two
for Selftest Relay. changeover contacts each and the other two
with one changeover contact each.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 7

4 Working principle

In this chapter the individual functions and

working principle of the MRDG are described.

4.1 Protective functions

4.1.1 Generator differential protection

Term Explanation
ID Bias current This is the current passing through the generator from the starpoint
side to the grid side. This current is representing the normal load.
Id Differential current The difference between grid side current and star point side current of
one winding.
Ia Pickup current If the differential current exceeds the pickup current, the relay trips.
Fault current due This kind of fault current is the component of the measured
to operational differential current which, however, is not caused by a fault of the
conditions object to be protected but is of systematic nature
Stabilisation Under this heading all measures are compiled which stabilise the
differential relay against nuisance tripping. Stabilising always means
the pickup current is raised and by this the differential relay becomes
more insensitive, but is never completely blocked.
IS Stabilising current This current develops from the bias current and represents the extent
of stabilising measures necessary as result of the fundamental
analysis. Parameters of the pickup characteristic can be set.
Pickup This characteristic defines the stabilising current dependence on the
characteristic pickup current
Table 1: Term definitions

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 8

General idealised view Examples:

Differential protection is a strict selective External fault

object protection and is based on the current
measuring principle at the input and output During a short circuit occurring at the grid, the
side of the object being protected. Dependent short circuit current flows through the
on the earthing method used, the neutral can generator. The difference between incoming
also be included in measuring and balance. and outgoing currents of all generator
The area between input and output CTs of the terminals is small (in ideal cases = zero) I1-I2 =
object is classed as protection zone supervised 0. The differential protection relay does not
by the MRDG. Included in the protection zone trip. (Switching off in such cases probably to
are also CTs and CT connection wire to the be realised by an overcurrent relay).
relay.
generator stator

protected area
STAR
point Mains
I1 I2

STAR
point Mains
short circuit
current

MRD
generator stator

MRD Fig. 2: External fault

Internal fault
When an internal fault occurs the current
Fig. 1: Definition of protection zone
balance is different. Dependent on the kind of
fault a deficit in the total of incoming currents
The relay checks constantly if the incoming
can be observed. A winding short circuit, for
currents of a winding are met by respective
instance, can be fed from both sides, even if
outgoing currents. If the balance of the
with different intensity. But this short circuit
conductor currents shows a difference, this
does not go through the generator, it is fed
may suggest a fault within the protection zone.
from both sides into the generator. So
Note! therefore the current balance shows a
difference.
Motors and generators are to be handled from
the differential protection in the same way. generator stator

To distinguish between faults occurring within STAR

(internally) or outside (externally) of the point Mains
I1 I2
protection zone is the main purpose of the
differential protection because at internal short circuit Id short circuit
faults the differential protection relay must current current

trip, but not so at external faults. MRD

Fig. 3:Internal fault (example of a short circuit fed from two sides)

Due to the chosen direction of the reference

arrow, current I2 flows here in negative
direction.
The differential relays detects a current
difference of I1-I2 = Id and trips when Id has
exceeded the set threshold.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 9

Stabilising

At first approximation this idealised view By these factors a fault current is caused which
applies to stationary states only. In reality mainly depends on the biasing current. This
other effects, especially CT errors, may cause fault current is being measured as a differential
the established current difference to rise, even current, although a generator fault must not
if there is no internal fault. In such cases a necessarily have occurred. When the pickup
simple static differential relay would current is set at a very sensitive value, each of
mistakenly trip and to prevent this stabilising these factors can cause unintended trippings.
measures have to be taken. Possible sources of With increasing bias current the pickup current
measuring errors are systematic and can be has to be corrected upwardly.
duly taken into account. The following pickup characteristic (exact
characteristic) gives an detailed study of the
Stabilising the MRDG means always an action individual fault factors and the resulting fault
to make the relay more insensitive. current. In fig. 4 the expected fault current
versus tripping characteristic is shown.
Fundamental analysis
If a real fault occurs, the measured differential
current exceeds the biasing current caused by
Distortion factors for differential current operational conditions. Therefore the pickup
measuring are: characteristic must exceed the biasing current
• Measuring errors of angle and value of the characteristic by the required sensitivity value.
CTs used The exact course can be approximated by a
• Poor adjustment of rated CT data to rated simplified characteristic consisting of two
generator data linear sections (I and II). The higher the
characteristic begins, the higher the
permissible differential current. If the
characteristic begins at a very low point this
means maximum sensitivity. If the pickup
characteristic is below the biasing
characteristic, systematic effects can cause
unintended trips.

Differenzstrom
differential current
Id / In Angenäherte Kennlinie
approximated characteristic

AUSLÖSUNG
TRIP

II

tatsächlicher Fehlerstromlinie
exact fault characteristic

KEINE AUSLÖSUNG
I
NO TRIP
Stabilisierungsstrom
stabilizing current
Is / In
Fig. 4: Typical pickup characteristic (without considering transient processes)

Calculation of the differential current and stabilising current resulting from the fundamental
oscillation (current of the positive phase sequence system) produces a point on the characteristic.
If this point is within the tripping range, the output relay picks up.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 10

Tripping procedure

The protection program permanently checks

the measurements that the DSP (digital signal
processor) delivers. When the DSP gives a
new differential current the protection task
checks whether it lies within the tripping
limits. If this is the case the MRDG is
internally energised. Tripping occurs when the
calculated difference current is consecutively
three times within the tripping limits. To
prevent the energised state from being reset
too quickly, a hysteresis of 75 % is
programmed. This means that a newly
calculated difference current must be smaller
than 75 % of the present characteristic trip
value in order for the energised condition to be
reset. The total tripping time of the Relay is
below 35 ms.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 11

4.2 Analogue measured value detection

4.2.1 Current measuring

For measuring the relevant currents there is a

separate transducer for each of the existing
measured quantities. This transducer provides
galvanical isolation to the relay electronics.
Adjustment to the main CT rated currents is
realised via the software. The input signal is
transmitted by internal CTs up to 64 times
rated current linear. To achieve an utmost
accuracy there are two current measuring
ranges, changeover of which is automatically.
Each channel has its own sample-and-hold
circuit. All channels are scanned
simultaneously.

4.3 Digital signal processor

The digital signal processor (DSP) in the

MRDG is mainly used for processing measured
values by controlling and monitoring data
entry from the different measuring channels.
In addition all input signals are digitally
Fourier filtered. Among other values this
processor calculates RMS values and stores
digitalised signal sequences to the memory and
the signal recorder (option). Apart from data
management and processing the DSP keeps
performing wide-ranging self-tests.

4.4 Digital main processor

The main processors is the highest control

element within the MRDG and processes the
actual protection program which interprets
data obtained by the DSP and so refers to the
operational status of the object to be protected
and to the own device. Special protection
mechanism enable the MRDG to detect
problems in the own hardware. All
communication between MRDG and the
outside world is also controlled by the main
processor. This does not only mean control of
indications or handling of key inputs but also
harmonising the different data interfaces as
well as control of output relays.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 12

4.5 Block diagram

extension module 5
output
relays

base module 5
Mains CTs output
side relays
∩

supply
G

analogue measurements
Star
blocking
point
∩ input

RESET
input

central module
∩
SOFTW ARE
#

Relay
matrix

dual ported
signal-
memory processor

communi-
cation
display and keyboard

main
PCM
processor
memory card LWL
main processor bus

RS
485
real time serial
clock
ports

fault
memory

CAN
program
memory Bus1

parameter- CAN-
memory con-
tro- CAN
ller Bus2
serial PC-interface
RS232
optional

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 13

4.6 General functions 4.6.3 Self-test relay

4.6.1 Event-Recorder The self-test relay (relay 5) is energised

during normal operation of the MRDG and
The MRDG is provided with an event de-energised in the following events:
recorder for recording events in a
chronological order and then stores them on a • failure of aux. voltage
non-volatile memory. Any data entry has a
• failure of internal partial power supply
time stamp so that time of the event can
• processor failure detected by the internal
always be traced back. Data can be called off
watchdog
either via keys and display or data interfaces.
Important events, such as trippings, are not • detection of an internal fault by software
only recorded in the memory but also shown routines
on the display. Pure informative events are • when protection function of the output
stored in the recorder only and are not relays is decoupled in OFFLINE TEST
displayed. mode
• when the default parameterset was loaded
More details on calling off events and further and the device automatically switched in
information on the event recorder can be OFFLINE TEST mode
• self-test of the output relays is performed
found in chapter 5.
• During power on initialisation
System messages are listed in chapter 9.1.
4.6.2 Fault-Recorder

At each tripping of the relays, the fault

recorder records all measured data and
resulting quantities. Any tripping event is
automatically numbered consecutively in the
recorder. Additionally to the measured data
the following details are also stored: the
cause for tripping, serial number of the
incident as well as date and time at the
instant of tripping.

The MRDG is able to record several incidents

in a FIFO memory. The longest stored data is
overwritten when a new incident occurs.
Complete data of altogether 5 incidents can
always be called off.
More information on storage capacity and
calling off recorder data via keyboard can be
found in chapter 5.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 14

4.6.4 Self-test

By pressing the TEST key several menu

guided special test routines can be started in
the MRDG for internal test purposes. Some
tests disable the generator protection. These
tests are locked by password.

The following tests and information can be

performed/is available:
Test / Inquiry Description Passwor Protection
d function
request
ed
Software version Number of version and date of software are
number inquired no remains active
LED-Test • all LEDs light-up red f. 2s
• all LEDs light up green f.2s no remains active
Test of output relays Sequence in one-second interval:
• self-test relay de-energises yes inactive during
• all other relays de-energise the test
• all relays energise one after the other (with LED)
• relays return to actual position
• self-test relay energises

Memory test Test of software and memory by checking

the program check sum no remains active

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 15

4.6.5 Output relay settings

Reset time of the output relays:

Relay energized 1
Relais angezogen
0
With the exception of the self-supervision
TRIP condition 1
relay, all existing output relays are assigned Auslösebedingung
0
to the differential current element. It is
t
possible to define a proper reset time for each
individual relay. For this period - from the RESET TIME RESET TIME
Mindestkommandozeit Mindestkommandozeit
moment of tripping - the relay remains in trip
Fig.: Reset time
condition even if the cause for the tripping
does no more exist.
If a relay is to remain self-holding after
tripping, the reset time has to be set to „exit“.
GNote: Setting as per customer’s requirements can
be noted down in the „selection“ line.
If the time for which the relay has been
energised exceeds the adjusted reset time, the
relay will release instantaneously after trip
condition is cancelled. This is particularly
important for relay tests (test of the reset
time) where the test current is not switched
off immediately with tripping.

Relay
Basic equipment Option
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Function Idiff Idiff Idiff Idiff Idiff Idiff Idiff Idiff Idiff
Idiff Idiff Idiff Idiff ST Idiff Idiff Idiff Idiff Idiff
>> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>
Pre-
adjustment (in 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 • 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20
s)
Custom setting
•

Setting range: 0 -...1,00 s or exit (=latching-

contact until a DEVICE RESET is
performed)
ST=Self-Test relay
• = no selection

16 TB MIRD-G 06.96 E
5 Operation

5.1 General

5.1.1 Data organisation

Data and settings in the MRDG are

subdivided into 4 groups and each of those
are allocated to one menu key or key
combination. Related parameters or
measuring data of one group are combined
on individual pages. General settings can be
made on the SYSTEM parameter page. Test
routines are also on separate pages.
4 parameter sets Statistic Data

EVENT
PARAMETER Recorder
page 3
parameter 3.1
PARAMETER FAULT
page 2 parameter 3.2 Recorder
parameter 3.3
...
SYSTEM TEST PARAMETER ...2.1
parameter DATA ...
PARAMETER routines page 1 parameter 2.2 page 1 ...
...
parameter 2.3 ...
... ...
clock setting software version parameter 1.1 measurement1.1
...
serial port options relays test parameter 1.2 measurement 2.2
...
work set selection LED test parameter 1.3 measurement 3.3
OFFLINE TEST m. memory test ...
... ...
change password
restore default
rated frequency

SYSTEM- TEST- PARAMETER measurements

parameter routines data recorder

Fig. 5.1: Data organisation

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 17

5.1.2 Parameter sets

MRDG has access to four independent

parameter sets. Each of these data sets
comprises a complete parameter set which
makes individual setting of the MRDG
possible. If required by the operational
procedure several different settings can be
stored and then called off when needed.
Data of SYSTEM parameters (e.g. rated
frequency, slave address, date, time etc.) are
not filled in the four parameter sets, they do
always apply.

SYSTEM-
parameter

W ORK S ET

EDIT- parameter set protection- message

memory 1 program display / LED

parameter set
2
output
S et t o E D I T parameter set
Set to EDIT 3
relay

display / keyboard parameter set

serial interface 4 measurement switch open in
Offline Test Mode

Generator

Fig. 5.1.2: Parameter sets, principle

For processing the selected set is loaded into

the EDIT memory (switch: Set to Edit). After
parameters have been changed, the EDIT
memory is completely restored in the
parameter set memory. All changes are then
jointly read-in.
Another switch (Work Set) defines on which
of the data sets the protection program is
based. All switches are adjusted via software.

OFFLINE TEST mode is specified in chapter

5.1.6.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 18

5.1.3 Key function

Key
Function short actuated long actuated (2s)

a) from HOME POSITION: from HOME POSITION:

View active parameter set Πselect one of the four parameter sets to edit
(VIEW mode) (EDIT-mode)

b) leaf to next PARA page

from HOME POSITION:

+ Œ select SYSTEM-parameter page •
•

a) from HOME POSITION:

View DATA pages •
b) leaf to next DATA page

select the selftest routines page

•

scrolling up / down scrolling up / down

single step fast

a) Πchange value. single step Πchange value, fast

b) move cursor

a) confirm selection (YES) finish working in EDIT mode, perform parameter

b) toggle setting in EDIT mode plausibility check and save (if check passed) all
(yes/no ; on/off) modifications

a) reject selection (NO) a) From HOME POSITION

b) cancel modification DEVICE RESET
c) clear message b) From Sub-Menu
back to home position

• - no operation
Π- password protected
• - press and hold down PARA, press UP in addition to PARA, release both

GNote
In the following paragraphs key symbols are P&B 04.12.98
mainly used when explaining an operational MRDG 11:28:36
procedure. Keys with the term "long" on
them have to be pressed for about 2s for Fig.: Display in HOME POSITION

actuating the function. If there is nothing

stated, the respective key has only to be
pressed briefly.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 19

5.1.4 LEDs

LEDs arranged at the relay front can light up

in different colours and can also either show
permanent light or flash in different
frequencies.

LED lights up ON / OFF-ratio

ein / on
aus / off
green / red

green / red flashing a

green / red flashing b

Meaning of the LED-signals

LED name LED lights up Meaning
POWER green • Device OK

red flashing a • FAULT of an internal supply

off • Device OFF

TRIP off • Normal

red • Trip

red flashing a • Energised

TEST off • Normal

red flashing a • OFFLINE-TEST-mode active

EDIT off • Normal, VIEW mode

red • EDIT mode after password access

MODIFIED off • Normal

red • EDIT mode: parameter modified

Relay off • Relays off

red • Relays energised
green • Relay-test

red flashing b • Relay off after energising (until DEVICE RESET)

red flashing a • Relay blocked
SELFTEST green • Protection o.k. (selftest relay on)

red • System initialisation (after power on)

red flashing a • OFFLINE TEST mode / Relay-TEST. no protection, only

messages
off • Internal fault. no protection

5.1.5 VIEW mode / EDIT mode

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 20

There are two modes for selecting
PARAMETER pages:
A short press on the PARA-key activates the The protection program executed in the
VIEW-mode. The EDIT-mode can be MRDG at the time is not effected by this
selected by pressing the PARA-key for procedure. Values of the active parameter
approx. 2 s (long press). sets filed in the PARAMETER memory are
• VIEW mode (viewing) still being used until the complete EDIT
On pressing the key this mode only allows viewing memory is recopied into the respective
the active parameters
• EDIT mode (processing) PARAMETER memory. Only then all
Unlike in mode VIEW, in EDIT mode one of the four changes made taking effect together in the
parameter sets can be selected. That parameter set protection program.
is then copied automatically into the EDIT memory
and can be viewed there. At the first attempt of
changing a parameter, the password is requested.
After entering the password (LED EDIT lights up if
the password was correct), the parameter can be
changed. For any further change of parameter(s) the
password is not requested again. In case the user
GNote
does not know the password, the password entering
mode can be cancelled and still parameter sets be If during processing the aux. voltage fails,
viewed but as explained above, they cannot be
changed. the complete EDIT memory is erased. After
aux. voltage has returned, the protection
It is not necessary to acknowledge any change
separately by pressing the ENTER key since at first program starts with those settings which
everything is processed in the EDIT memory only. were stored in the PARAMETER memory
Each of the changes can be cancelled again. LED
MODIFIED indicates that the parameter displayed before the last processing operations. By this
was changed. If it should be set back to the initial it is ensured that the protection program does
value, only brief actuation of key RESET (cancel
function) is needed. If the process is closed (with: not work with incompletely changed data or
ENTER, long), all the changes can be rejected again meaningless data.
or be accepted. (Checkback: ARE YOU SURE?).
Before the parameter set is finally stored an internal
plausibility check is performed to ensure that all If due to the continuously running check-sum
settings are conclusive. If the check routine detects a
irresolute combination of settings, the user will be test data error or loss of parameter memory is
informed and the settings are not stored. e.g. an noted during start-up of the relay or during
unsuitable combination of generator rated current
(which is calculated from rated voltage and power operation, a default parameter is loaded
capacity setting) and the set CT primary rated automatically. In such case the relay changes
current.
to the Offline mode (see next chapter) and
the self-supervision relay de-energises.

The EDIT-mode is left automatically if there

is no input longer than 10 minutes (time out).
Changed parameters will not be stored.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 21

5.1.6 OFFLINE-TEST mode 5.1.7 Reset (DEVICE RESET)

For testing a parameter set the OFFLINE System messages in the display can be
TEST mode can be activated. In this mode all cancelled with a short press on the RESET
output relays are being switched off. Now it key. The message is not removed at all but
can be changed over to another parameter set stored in the EVENT-memory. A trip will
for testing without risking nuisance tripping. also cause a message which is also to be
If the parameter set causes tripping, alarms cancelled with a short RESET press. After
are only shown on the MRDG display or this all measured and calculated values can
indicated via LEDs. The OFFLINE TEST be recalled from the fault recorder. All output
mode is enabled or disabled on the SYSTEM relays and LEDs (if set to self-holding
SETTING page. contact) will remain in energised position
until a DEVICE RESET is initiated to the
The OFFLINE TEST mode is indicated by: MRDG by a long RESET press from home
• Self-supervision relay de-energises position.
(to inform the control system about the The DEVICE RESET can also be initiated by
missing protection function) the external reset input or via serial interface.
• Self-supervision LED flashes red (= no
protection) Info-messages do not need to be reset
• LED TEST flashes red (= TEST mode active) manually. They extinguish automatically
after 5 s.

GImportant Notes
To prevent an unintended trip the OFFLINE
TEST mode is activated as default setting on
first commissioning. When the MRDG
recognises a damaged parameter memory the
default settings are loaded automatically and
the Offline mode is activated (with selftest
relay un-energised).

During OFFLINE TEST mode the generator

is not protected by the MRDG. Although a
failure could be detected during this mode,
the MRDG would not initiate a trip of the
generator.

In order to prevent dangerous conditions, the

generator must either have a sufficient
backup protection or has to be switched off.

After an intended OFFLINE TEST this mode

must be disabled so that protection is ensured
again.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 22

5.1.8 Enter password

The MRDG calls for a password if parameters

are intended to be changed in the memory or
other important functions to be activated.
Nearly all data can be called off by the user
without entering a password, but for
changing any data, the password is required.
Some test functions can only be started after
the password has been entered (see chapter
5.5).
If a password is required this is indicated on
the display. The password consists of four
digits and key combination , has to
be actuated.

Display Process Key

request to enter password

PASSWORD

entering password

with every keypress a further X will

appear in the display
PASSWORD? XX

password correct.
PASSWORD LED EDIT on
CORRECTŒ

password incorrect
PASSWORD WRONG LED EDIT remains off
NO ACCESSŒ
Table: Procedure for entering a password

ΠMessage appears for app. 2 s

GNote 5.1.9 Password forgotten

Any process started can be stopped at any
time by pressing key RESET: ! Important
The password entered at our works consists In case the password has been forgotten our
works have to be contacted to inquire about
of key sequence the measures for regaining access.
It is advisable to change this password
immediately to an individual one.

LED EDIT indicates if the password entered

is correct. In this state changes on MRDG
settings can be made. When changing over to
another function in some cases the password
has to be entered again. Also after storing or
cancelling, editing authority becomes invalid.
Hence it is very important that the relay is
only left after LED EDIT has extinguished to
prevent unauthorised change of settings.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 23

5.2 SYSTEM settings

5.2.1 Selection

On this page the general functions are shown page select Display
which are not stored in the four parameter
sets. They are stored separately and always
apply, irrespectively of the parameter set -----SYSTEM-----
selected. The SYSTEM SETTINGS can only + Π----SETTINGS----
be selected from Home Display.
ΠStarting at Home Display: press UP and hold, press PARA in
addition to, release both

SYSTEM
password access
parameter
page select line

line 1 change value

line 2 line 2 line 2
line 3 [acual setting] [___________]
line 4
...

to change a value or to confirm or

start an operation : save
ENTER ENTER

Fig.: System settings, principle

Note:

To change any setting or start an operation:

• Select parameter or option with UP / DOWN
• Press ENTER
• Enter password if requested
• If necessary: select setting with the +/- keys.
On setting date/time the arrow keys (up/down) are used to scroll to the next value.
Press ENTER to get new time valid.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 24

5.2.2 Overview

Key Existing lines Settings Range Default Actua

l
settin
g
scroll -----SYSTEM----- Headline
----SETTINGS----

CHANGE change time and date see 5.2.3

DATE/TIME

RATED FREQUENCY rated frequency in Hz 50 Hz 50 Hz

Fn= .. Hz 60 Hz

COMMUNICATION select serial port disable RS485

MODE = ... RS232
RS485
CAN

SLAVE ADDRESS Slave-address of RS485-interface 1-32 1

RS485 .

GROUP ADDRESS A...F Group selection ABCDE ....

CONFIG: ...... t Time-/Date setting via FtΠ..t
serial interface

EDIT PARA-SET programming via interface enable disable

VIA SP ...... disable

SELECT PARA SET parameter set switch over via interface enable disable
VIA SP ...... disable

OFFLINETEST activate Offline-TEST-Mode enable enable

....... disable

SELECT WORK SET select active parameter set 1 ... 4 1

SET (x) [ACTIVE]

PASSWORD CHANGE change password see 5.2.4

ROUTINE

RESTORE DEFAULT clear all parameter sets and set to default

SETTINGS The device switches to OFFLINE TEST mode
automatically!

CLEAR clear event recorder

EVENT RECORDER

CLEAR clear fault recorder

FAULT RECORDER
Table: SYSTEM settings page, overview

ΠSelect with cursor and To change any setting or start an operation

press while shown in display.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 25

5.2.3 Time / Date

Key Display Remark Change value Setting range

CHANGE Headline • •
TIME / DATE

scroll DATE: 01.01.____ change year 1980-2099

TIME: 00:00:25

DATE: 01.__.1996 change month 1-12

TIME: 00:00:25

DATE: __.01.1996 change day 1-31

TIME: 00:00:25 (depends on year/month)

DATE: 30.01.1996 change hours 0-23

TIME: __:00:25

DATE: 30.01.1996 change minutes 0-59

TIME: 12:__:25

DATE: 30.01.1996 change seconds 0-59

TIME: 12:00:__

accept settings and • •

start new time / date

cancel settings and restore old • •

time / date

• No selection possible
Table: Date /time-setting

GNote
Both arrow keys have the same function for
this setting procedure. Both move the cursor Date/time setting may be synchronised via
always to the next digit group. After reaching serial interface (see setting "GROUP
the SECOND column, it is switched back to ADDRESS).
YEAR again. Digits for the year and month
have to be entered before digit(s) for the day
to enable the MRDG to carry out correct
calculation of intercalary days as well as the
max. days in a month. The internal clock
does not stop during the setting procedure so
that when cancelled by RESET key the actual
time is not changed. After pressing ENTER
the modified time becomes valid.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 26

5.2.4 Password change

The password in the MRDG can be changed

at any time. For changing a password it is
necessary to know the present one. To rule
out any typing errors, the password has to be
entered twice. If the entries are not identical,
the password is not changed and the previous
one still applies. (Please see table below).

Display Step Key

Password change with ENTER

PASSWORD CHANGE
ROUTINE

Request to enter old password

TO CHANGE OPTION
PASSWORD?

enter new password

TYPE YOUR NEW
PASSWORD!

enter new password again

TYPE AGAIN NEW

PASSWORD!

PASSWORD CHANGED Πchanging done

2 DIFF NEW PSW Œ The new password wouldn’t be

TRY AGAIN! typed 2 times identically
Try again
Πmessage appears for app. 2 s

Table: Password change, procedure

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 27

5.3 PARAMETER-pages

5.3.1 Selection

This table gives an overview about all pages

of a parameter set and the parameters
belonging to.

Select PARAMETER-pages in VIEW- or

EDIT mode

Key Display Remark

VIEW PARAMETER VIEW active parameter set continued at 5.3.2.

short SET (1) [ACTIVE]

EDIT mode
LOAD SET TO EDIT
select one of the four parameter sets to
SET (1) [ACTIVE]
long view or edit
confirm with ENTER

e.g. set 2 was loaded and is now ready continued at 5.3.2.

EDIT PARAMETER
for editing
SET (2) [ IDLE ]

leaf to next
PARA page
pages password access
select line
page 1 page 2
page 2
page 3 param 2.1
param 2.2 change value
page 4
... param 2.3 PARAMETER 2.3
param 2.4 [ value ]
...

Fig: Parameter pages, organisation

Possibilities after modifying a parameter:

• Keep modifications and scroll to next line (up/down)

• Keep modifications and leaf to next page (PARA short)
• Cancel modification of the displayed value (RESET short)
• Storage of changed parameters (ENTER long)
• Finish working and refuse all modifications, no store (RESET long)

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 28

5.3.2 Overview

Key Pages Parameter see

Headline

leaf to next page VIEW PARAMETER Parameter pages active parameter ready for viewing
SET(1) [ACTIVE] (e.g. set 1)

or
selected set ready for viewing and editing
EDIT PARAMETER (e.g. set 2)
SET(2) [idle]

Data of protected Rated power

***GENERATOR**** device Rated voltage 5.3.3
****RATINGS***** CT primary current
CT connection
parameter of Difference current at Is=0 × In
**PROTECTION*** differential- Difference current at Is=2 × In 5.3.4
****SETTINGS**** protection Difference current at Is=10 × In
max. Difference current Idiff>>

**OUTPUT RELAY** Reset time or self-holding of the output relay 5.3.5

****SETTINGS****

Table: Parameter pages, overview

On the first attempt to change a setting with

the
+/- keys in a edit session the password is
asked. To view only parameter settings the
PARA key is used to leaf to the next page
and the UP/DOWN keys are used to select
the parameter.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 29

5.3.3 Generator ratings

Key Display Parameter Select Setting range Default actual

(• no selection) Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4

**GENERATOR**** Headline • • • • • •
****RATINGS**** none

POWER CAPACITY rated apparent current 10 kVA - 300 MVA 10 MVA

SnW1= ... kVA

RATED VOLTAGE rated voltage 100 V....30 kV 10 kV

UnW1= ... kV

CT PRIMARY rated primary current of CTs 1 A.....50.000 A 600 A

In= ...A

MA CT-CONNECTION Mains Side CTs connection in normal, normal

............ normal polarity (like connection inverted
diagram) or inverted (reverse
polarity) Œ

SP CT-CONNECTION corresponding to Star Point CTs normal, normal

............ Πinverted

ΠNOTE: The Parameter must be set to inverted polarity, if the direction of current flow in the secondary circuit is reverse to the input terminals of
MRDG according to the connection diagram (Chapter 10).

30 TB MIRD-G 06.96 E
5.3.4 Protection parameters

Differential protection

The tripping characteristic of the MRDG can be set with four parameters:

Idiff0: Error of the CTs

Idiff2: Additional error of the CTs (linear range of the CTs)
Idiff10: Additional error by saturation of the CTs
Idiff>>: maximum permitted difference current

In: Generator nominal current (or motor nominal current)

Differenzstrom
differential current 8
8
Id / In

Idiff >>
III

Idiff (Is/In=10)

II

2 Einstellbereich der Kennlinie

setting range of characteristic 2

1 1
Idiff (Is/In=2)
Idiff (Is/In=0) 0,05 I 0,2
Stabilisierungsstrom
0 2 5 10 stabilizing current
Is / In

Fig: Possible setting range of the characteristic

31 TB MIRD-G 06.96 E
 Key Display Parameters of the characteristic Select Setting range Pre- actual
adjust-
(• no selection) ment Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4

***PROTECTION*** Headline • • • • • •
****SETTINGS**** none

Idiff (Is = 0xIn) differential current Idiff at stabilising current 0.05...1.0 × In 0.5
= .... xIn Is/In=0 (see picture) • Œ

Idiff (Is = 2xIn) corresponding to Is/In=2 • 0.2...2 × In 1.0

= .... xIn Œ

Idiff (Is =10xIn) corresponding to Is/In=10 • 2.0...8.0 × In 8.0

= .... xIn

Idiff (High Set) maximum permitted differential current 2.0...20.0 × In 20.0

Idiff>>=.....xIn

Table: Adjustable protection parameter

ΠTo get no negative slope in the characteristic part I the setting Idiff (Is=2) must not be less then the setting Idiff (Is=0). The MRDG will check the
inputs on this must.
• In = Generator nominal current (or motor nominal current)

32 TB MIRD-G 06.96 E
5.3.5 Relay-settings

Key Display Setting Select Setting range default actual

(• no selection) Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4

**OUTPUT RELAY** headline • • • • •

****SETTINGS**** none

REL1 RESET TIME minimum Reset time /latching time for relay 1 0.00 .... 1.00s / 0.2 s
t(rst)= .... s exit Œ

REL2 RESET TIME corresponding to relay 2 0.00 .... 1.00s / 0.2 s

t(rst)= .... s exit Œ

REL3 RESET TIME corresponding to relay 3 0.00 .... 1.00s / 0.2 s

t(rst)= .... s exit Œ

REL4 RESET TIME corresponding to relay 4 0.00 .... 1.00s / 0.2 s

t(rst)= .... s exit Œ
if
equipped REL6 RESET TIME corresponding to relay 6 (If equipped) 0.00 .... 1.00s / 0.2 s
t(rst)= .... s exit Œ

REL7 RESET TIME corresponding to relay 7 (If equipped) 0.00 .... 1.00s / 0.2 s
t(rst)= .... s exit Œ

REL8 RESET TIME corresponding to relay 8 (If equipped) 0.00 .... 1.00s / 0.2 s
t(rst)= .... s exit Œ

REL9 RESET TIME corresponding to relay 9 (If equipped) 0.00 .... 1.00s / 0.2 s
t(rst)= .... s exit Œ

REL10 RESET TIME corresponding to relay 10 (If equipped) 0.00 .... 1.00s / 0.2 s
t(rst)= .... s exit Œ
Table: Reset time of the output relays
ΠThe reset time is the minimum time the relay keeps energised after a trip. If the time is set to exit the output relay is configured as a latching contact.
The relay keeps energised after a trip until the MRDG is RESETed. (DEVICE RESET)

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 33

5.3.6 Validity check

The MRDG is provided with a special A setting is not regarded to be valid if one
parameter checking facility as protection of the following conditions are not met :
against wrong settings. However, to prevent
that the actual setting range is too much • CT mismatch for each winding
restricted , this facility can only protect 1/8 × IN < IWPN < 2 × IN
against gross setting errors. Before they are
stored, changed settings are checked for • CT transformation ratio at MRDG rated current IWPN
<5A
their mutual validity. The procedure is such
that firstly the parameters are compared to
• Relation of voltage levels
the calculated rated currents IN (per For three-winding transformers (MRDG-T3)
winding) of the component, which result UN Winding 1 ≥ UN Winding 2 ≥ UN Winding 3
from the rated apparent power and rated For two-winding transformers (MRDG-T2)
voltage. Thereafter interrelation of the UN Winding 1 ≥ UN Winding 2
parameters is checked.
If there is a discrepancy when setting • Tripping characteristic
parameters via the keyboard, either the Id(IS=0) ≤ Id(IS=2)
i.e.gradient Sector I ≥ 0
MRDG does not allow the respective value and
to be further changed or refers to the gradient Sector I ≤ gradient Sector II
inconsistent value by issuing a clear text
message when trying to store the parameter.
In this case the EDIT mode is not left and
the value can be corrected.
When setting parameters via an interface,
validity errors are indicated by a special
telegram message.

Abbreviations :
SN set rated vector power
UN set rated component voltage (phase-to-phase voltage)
IN rated component current (IN = SN /(√3 x UN)) calculated from UN and SN
IWPN set rated C.T. primary current
Gradient characteristic gradient in the respective linear sector (see chapter 5.3.4)

34 TB MIRD-G 06.96 E
5.4 DATA pages

5.4.1 Selection

All measured, calculated and stored data Key Display

can be recalled on the data pages
--DATA READING--
---PROCEDURE---

leaf to next
page

DATA select line

page page 1

meas. 1.1
meas. 1.2
page 1 meas. 1.3 measurement 1 .3
... [ value ]
Fault Rec
Event Rec

DATA
Data recorder (last but one)
recorder
time date event value 1 value 2 ...
1
2
3 select a stored value
4
....
FAULT EVENT
I DIFF> TRIP

Fig.: Data pages, organisation

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 35

5.4.2 Overview

Key Page Data

Headline

leaf to next page

--DATA READING-- Data pages selected
---PROCEDURE----

**OPERATIONAL*** Actual measurements Phase current (L1 L2 L3)

**MEASURED DATA* and calculated data Differential current
Stabilising current Is
Recall stored trip data Trip message, date / time ,
*FAULT RECORDER* measurements
******DATA****** calculated measurements
Recall event messages Message text
*EVENT RECORDER* date / time
******DATA******

Recall statistic Data Operating hours

***STATISTIC**** Trip counter
******DATA****** Alarm counter

Table: Data pages, overview

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 36

5.4.3 Measured and calculated data

Key Display Data

scroll **OPERATIONAL*** Headline

**MEASURED DATA*

MEASURED CURRENT Actual measuring value of the phase current L1

I MA L1 ....A MA=Mains side in A

MEASURED CURRENT corresponding to L2

I MA L2 ....A

MEASURED CURRENT corresponding to L3

I MA L3 ....A

... etc. Phase current in A (SP=Star point side)

calculated difference current (Idiff)
calculated stabilising current (Irestr)

Table: Operational measured data

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 37

5.4.4 FAULT Recorder

Key Display Value

scroll *FAULT RECORDER* Headline

******DATA******

Trip number date/time

FAULT RECORDER Record 0 (last trip) trip reason,
REGISTER (0) see below all stored data

Trip number date/time

FAULT RECORDER Record 1 (last trip but one) trip reason,
REGISTER (1) all stored data

Trip number date/time

for all existing registers Record n in chronological trip reason,
order all stored data

The display shows „END OF DATA“ at the end of the list or if no trips are stored.
Table: Fault-Recorder

Key Display Value

next value FAULT RECORDER Headline of the last trip (e.g.)

REGISTER (0)

FAULT NUMBER Trip number

Nr. XXXX

FAULT EVENT Reason of the trip

XXXXX XXXXX

FAULT DATE Date of trip

xx.xx.xx

FAULT TIME Time of trip

xx:xx:xx:xxx

FAULT CURRENT Current L1 of winding 1 in A

W1 L1: xxx A

etc. corresponding for all stored

datas

Table: Data of a fault recorder

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 38

5.4.5 EVENT-Recorder

Key Display Value

scroll *EVENT RECORDER* headline

******DATA******

event message
EVENT Nr: 0 Event 0 date/time
................. see below of the last event

event message
EVENT Nr: 1 Event 1 date/time
................. of the last trip but one
(previous)

event message
corresponding to all stored Event n date/time
events in chronological order

The display shows „END OF DATA“ at the end of the list.

Table: Event-Recorder

Key Display Value

next value EVENT Nr: 0 Event number and event e.g. last event
................. message

EVENT DATE Date of event

xx.xx.xx

EVENT TIME Time of event

xx:xx:xx:xxx

Table: Message and time / date

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 39

5.4.6 Statistic data

Key Display Value

next value ***STATISTIC**** Headline

******DATA******

TOTAL RUN TIME MRDG Operating hours

... h

TOTAL NUMBER OF Trip counter

TRIPS: ...

TOTAL NUMBER OF Alarm counter

ALARMS: ...

Table: Statistic data

GNote
This statistic counters can not be resetted.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 40

5.5 TEST-routines page (Self-test)

5.5.1 Page selection

Page select Display

*INTERNAL TEST**
****ROUTINES****

password access
select test
TEST-
routines
test 1
test 2 test 2 test is running
test 3
...

start test

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 41

5.5.2 Overview

Key Test Description execut

e
scroll *INTERNAL TEST** Headline
****ROUTINES****

VERSION:Vxx-x.xx Display of version and date of the software display

DATE: XX.XX.XX only

LED FUNCTION SELFTEST Test of the LEDs:

Test all LEDs will be illuminated green and red for two
seconds (no password needed)

OUTPUT RELAY Test of the output relays:

SELFTEST Test IMPORTANT: all relays will be energised in a 1 s
interval. The Selftest Relay keeps off for the
duration of the test. After the test all relays will be
Œ
set to the state before

PROGRAM/DATA Memory / program test:

CHECKSUM TEST Test This routine will test the memory and the program
by calculating a checksum.

ΠNOTE: Password is needed, because the protection function is disabled during the test!
Table: Implemented test routines

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 42

5.6 Parameter programming help

This chapter is a step by step help how to enter the first specific settings into the MRDG by
keyboard. For more information about the parameter and its setting ranges see chapters:
PARAMETER-pages and SYSTEM settings.
Step Key
1 select PARAMETER-page in EDIT-mode

long

2 if necessary: select the set No. to edit

3 confirm selection
(set will be loaded in EDIT memory)

4 leaf to first parameter page

5 scroll to the first line of this page

(first parameter)

6 if necessary:
change displayed value

on first modification: enter password

7 scroll to next line

(second parameter)
there is no need to confirm the modification of step 6 with
a separately ENTER press.

8 if necessary: repeat step 6 and 7 as long as needed

change displayed value

9 leaf to next page

continue at step 5

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 43

Other operations Key
finish working and store all modifications
(EDIT-memory will be copied back to parameter memory)
long
abandon working and refuse all modifications
(no storing)
long
cancel modification on the displayed parameter and reset to old
value.
(if LED MODIFIED illuminated) short

edit another parameter set finish with ENTER long or RESET long and
continue on step 1

GNote
There is no need to confirm any modification by pressing ENTER. All modifications are
temporarily stored in the edit memory when scrolling with up/down keys. When pressing
ENTER long all modifications in the edit memory will be stored in the parameter set
memory after an asurance request.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 44

6 Relay Tests

For testing the MRDG the following has to The rated value indication for differential
be taken into account: current and stabilising current can be
The test current source must supply a gathered from the following table. Test
current free of harmonics. Should this not current I should be in compliance with the
be the case, measuring errors may result generator nominal current (or motor
from this if the reference ammeter used is nominal current.
an RMS instrument (which is common
practice). A B C D
Idif 2/3 × I 0 1× In 0
Test circuits for differential current Idiff and f
stabilising current Is: Is 0 2/3 × I 0 1 × In
Value indications dependent on the test circuit used

A) B)

MRD1 MRD1
MRDG MRDG
I I
B3 B3
A W1 A W1
B4 B4
B5 B5

B6 B6
B7 B7

B8 B8

A3 A3
W2 W2
A4 A4
A5 A5

A6 A6
A7 A7

A8 A8

C) D)

LFG1 L1
MRD1
MRDG LFG1 L1
MRD1
MRDG
L3 L2 L3 L2

I L1 I L1
B3 B3
A W1 A W1
B4 B4
I L2 I L2
B5 B5
A A
B6 B6
I I
L3 B7 L3 B7
A A
B8 B8

Symmetrisches A3
Symmetrisches A3
Dreiphasensystem W2 Dreiphasensystem W2
symmetrical three phase A4 symmetrical three phase A4
system A5 system A5

A6 A6
A7 A7

A8 A8

W1= Mains side, W2 = Star point side, LFG= (e.g.) Power Function Generator
NOTE for relay tests:
• Stated accuracy's apply to rated values
• Currents must be free of harmonics
• When a three-phase connection is used for the test, the current must form a symmetric system
• Parameters MA CT connection and SP CT connection must be in normal position
7 Commissioning

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 45

7.1 Check list

Check Remark ok. ?

Safety Measures Observe relevant safety regulations
Aux. voltage Prior to connection it has to be checked whether existing aux.
range voltage is within the permissible range for MRDG
Rated system Secondary currents of CTs provided in the system have to be
data in compliance with rated currents of the MRDG (1A or 5A) in
the respective winding
Connection Check MRDG for correct connection in the switchboard
Entry of rated Has all rated system data correctly been programmed ?
system data Are the indices of the vector group set.
Are the CTs connected normal or reverse
Setting of Have all parameters for protection correctly been programmed
parameters for ?
protection
Reset time Are the reset times set to all output relays?
Selection of Has the right parameter set been selected as working set?
work parameter
set
Protection Does LED SELF-TEST light up green and is Selftest relay
function energised ?
Device tests Selftest routines
- Lamptest
- Test of the output relays
- Checksum test
- Test of the working parameter set in OFFLINE TEST mode

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 46

 7.2 C.T. connection
The right polarity of the C.T. is very Now the supervised component can be
important and so when the MRDG is switched on while observing and
initially connected this has to be checked interpreting the differential current
carefully. Reverse polarity at even one C.T. indication. Interpretation of the indicated
only is likely to cause trip errors. Whether value is always subject to local conditions
connection of the MRDG is correct can (operation related fault current) and can
roughly be seen from the differential here only be described generally. The test
current indication, provided the object to be circuits described in chapter 6 can be of
protected operates troublefree. To check the help for fault identification.
correct C.T. connection, firstly the MRDG
should be operated at the object to be The following table can be considered as
protected in OFFLINE TEST mode. reference when checking the connection.
The stated values are based on symmetrical
G Important Note: load I=IL1=IL2=IL3. Where loads are
In this operational mode, the object to be involved which are not 100 % symmetrical,
protected must have a sufficient back-up the observed values may deviate from the
protection. Furthermore it is assumed that table. All figures are to be understood as
the supervised component is not faulty and approximate values and are a multiple of
all parameters are correct. When in the load current.
OFFLINE TEST mode it is ensured that a
CT with perhaps reverse polarity does not
cause an unintended trip.

Case Differential Through current

current Idiff / In Is / In
1 All CTs are correctly connected 0 1
2 One CT connect. with rev.polarity 1,33 0,66
3 Two CTs connect. with rev.polarity 2,0 0
4 Three CTs connect. with rev.polarity 2,0 0
Table: Recommended values for differential current and stabilising current indication at the MRDG with assumed faultless components and
different numbers of CTs connected

1) Correct connection : 3 / 4) Two or three C.T.s wrongly

All C.T.s are correctly connected. This case connected
is identical to that where all C.T.s are In these two cases the indication does not
wrongly connected or the direction of distinguish between two or three C.T.s
energy flow is reverse. But changes at the wrongly connected because of the internal
C.T. connection are not necessary. calculation. If three CTs are wrongly
connected, the respective fault can be
2) One C.T. wrongly connected eliminated by changing parameter "C.T.
In this case the current balance is out of Connection" without having to change the
place. There is about 1/3 x I through current wiring .
missing and the MRDG recognises 2/3 x I
differential current instead. Input and For locating all other faults either the
output currents in the phase with wrong complete C.T. wiring has to be checked
polarity are interpreted by the MRDG that after disconnection of the component or the
way as if 1/3 x I each flow into the faulty reversed connections to be traced by means
phase. Thus the resulting differential of a suitable test current source.
current is 2/3 x I.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 47

8 Technical Data
8.1 MRDG Generator Differential Protection Relay

Common data

Rated frequency: 50 Hz, 60 Hz

Display: LED and LCD-Display (2 × 16 digits)

Voltage supply

Aux. voltage ranges Range Rated voltage Range

DC L 24 V 19-40 V
M 48/60 V 38-72 V
H 110/125/220 V 88-264 V
AC on request

Power consumption stand-by 13 VA

maximum 16 VA

Permissible interruption of the max. 50 ms (at rated voltage)

auxiliary voltage supply

Input CT
a) Phase current CT

Rated current IN 1 A or 5 A
Power consumption in current path: at IN < 0.1 VA

Thermal withstand capability

in current circuit: 250 × IN (VDE 435, T303),
dynamical current withstand (half-wave)
100 × IN for 1 s
30 × IN for 10 s
4 × IN continuously (VDE 435, T303)

linear range Low-Range 0.05...2 × IN

High-Range 2...64 × IN

Range setting automatically

Resolution 12 Bit per range

Failure < 0.1 % at IN

< 0.1 % at 64 × IN

Accuracy 0.05×IN <2%

(related to the measured value) 1×IN <1%
15×IN <2%

Operating time 25-30 ms

C.T. requirements: recommended min. requirements to expoit device accuracy 5P20

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 48

Function- and signal inputs

Digital inputs

Thermal withstand capability max. 310 V DC, 265 V AC

Coupling galvanically isolated with common return wire
High-level U > 18 V DC/AC
Low-level U < 12 V DC/AC

Reset and blocking input

Thermal withstand capability max. 310 V DC, 265 V AC

Coupling galvanically isolated with common return wire (D8)
High-level U > 18 V DC/AC function activated
Low-level U < 12 V DC/AC Function not activated

Communication serial interface RS232C

Data transmission rate 9600 Baud

Connection 9-pin D-sub plug
Insulation voltages DIN 19244 part 3 (IEC 870-3):

RS485

Data transmission rate 9600 Baud

Connection plugged terminals
(RXT/TXD-P, RXT/TXD-N, Signal Ground, PE)
Insulation voltages DIN 19244 part 3 (IEC 870-3):

Output relay

Contact class IIB DIN VDE 435 part 120

max. breaking voltage: 250 VAC / 300 VDC
max. closing power: 1500 VA (250 V)
max. breaking power: 11 VA (220 VDC) at L/R = 40 ms
max. rating making current: 6A
Short circuit current: 20A / 16 ms
Rated inrush current load: 64A
Returning time: 20 ms (without minimum operating time!)
Contact material: AgCdO
5
Contact life span: electrical: 2x10 switching points at 220V AC / 6A
6
mechanical: 30x10 switching points

Rated insulation voltage: 600 VAC (450V DC / 380 VAC) (VDE 435, T303)
Air- and creeping distance VDE 0160
Insulation coordination: pollution degree 3 for terminals,
pollution degree 2 for the electronic

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 49

Temperature range for
Operation: -5°C to +55°C(within class 3K3)
Transport: -25°C to +70°C (class 1K4)
Storage: -25°C to +70°C (class 2K3)

Insulation test voltage, inputs and

outputs between themselves and
to the relay frame as per IEC 255-5: 2.0 kV (RMS.) / 50 Hz.; 1 min.

Impulse test voltage, inputs and

outputs between themselves and
to the relay frame as per IEC 255-5: 5 kV; 1.2 / 50 µs, 0.5 J

High frequency interference test

voltage, inputs and outputs between
themselves and to the relay frame as
per IEC 255-22-1: 2.5 kV / 1 MHz

Electrical discharge (ESD)

test as per VDE 0843, part 2
IEC 77B(CO)21; IEC 255-22-2: 8 kV

Electrical fast transient (Burst)

test as per DIN VDE 0843, part 4
IEC 77B(CO)22; IEC 255-22-4: 4 kV / 2.5 kHz, 15 ms

Radio interference suppression

test as per EN 55011: limit value class B

Radiated electromagnetic field

test as per ENV 50140: electric field strength: 10 V / m

Power frequency magnetic field

immunity test 100 A/m continuous
IEC 1000-4-8 (EN 61000-4-8): 1000 A/m 3 s

Surge immunity test

(asymmetrical / symmetrical)
IEC 1000-4-5 (EN 6100-4-5): 4 kV

Mechanical test:

Shock: Class 1 as per DIN IEC 255 T 21-2

Vibration: Class 1 as per DIN IEC 255 T 21-1
Degree of protection: Front IP40
Overvoltage class: III

Setting ranges: s. tables chapter 5 and 10

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 50

9 Tables / Connection diagrams

9.1 Possible event messages

Display Event

change to pset x Parameterset x is selected to active working set

UART paramet. on Parameter setting via interface is active
UART paramet.off Parameter setting via interface is not permitted
deflt. para.load Default parameter settings reloaded
manual reset Manual DEVICE RESET is performed
external reset External DEVICE RESET is performed
ser.port reset Software DEVICE RESET is performed
ext.block begin Blocking feature activated by external input
ext.block end End of blocking
Idiff> tripped Difference current trip
Idiff> released Difference current trip released
Idiff>> tripped Difference current high-set trip
Idiff>> released Difference current high-set trip released
relays operated Change output relay state (except Selftest relay)
ST-relay energ. Selftest relay is energised
ST-relay release Selftest supervision relay is de-energised
LED-Test done Lamp test is finished
Relay -test done Test of the output is finished
self-test done Self-test is finished
offline mode en Offline-Test-Mode is active
offline mode dis Offline-Test-Mode is not active
fault rec clear Fault recorder is cleared
event rec clear Event recorder is cleared
system start System start / device initialisation
old time setting Time/date setting was changed (old time)
new time setting Time/date setting was changed (new time)
9.2 View

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 51

Frontpanel:

P&B 01.01.96
MRDT 14:06:55

PARA DATA

Rear panel

Module 3 Module 2 Module 1

Extension module Central module Base module

SEG
P&B MRD1RW1
MRDG RWIDD output Relays
A B A B

1 C D E 1 C D E
1
2 1 2 2 1
3
2
4
2 reset- and
3 3
3 5 N 3 blocking input
4 6 GND 4
4 CAN1 4
7 P
5 5 8 N 5 5 auxiliary voltage
9 RS485
GND
6 6 10 CAN2 P 6 6 and
7 11 PE 7 earth connection
7 12 PE 7
8 13 8
8 14 8
9 9
15
16
F F

output Relays digital inputs RS-485-port

CAN-Bus measuring inputs

A column: Star point side
B column: Grid side

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 52

MRDG GENERATOR PROTECTION RELAY
L1
Supply
L2 External Reset Blocking Input

L3 C9 E9 D9 C8 D8 E8

L N L

POWER

SUPPLY

S2 B4
P2

I1

P1 B3

S1 B6

I2 GRID SIDE D1
B5
C1
B8 RELAY 1
E1
D2
I3 C2
B7 E2
D3

C3
RELAY 2
E3
GENERATOR
D4

C4
E4

D5
RELAY 3
C5
S2 A4
P2 E5
I1 D6
RELAY 4
C6
P1 A3 E6
S1 A6 D7
I2 SELF SUPERVISION
STAR POINT C7
E7
A5

A8

I3
MRDG
A7
LEFT MODULE
Typical earthing shown

Gnd
N
RS485 P
Gnd
N

CENTRAL MODULE PE

Fig.: Connection diagram MRDG

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 53

CASE DIMENSIONS.

237

8.8 251.6

37.65

230

132.5
57.2

37.65
TOP VIEW
FRONTVIEW

7.05 7.05
237.5
230

37.65

132.5 133
57.2

37.65

SIDE VIEW CUTOUT

Technical data subject to change without notice !

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 54

10 Type code

Generator - Differential protection

MRDG- R A
Rated current 1A 1
5
5A
Option RAM card plug-in unit incl. analysis K
software
(on request)
DC-Auxiliary voltages
24 V (19 to 40 V DC)......................................................... L
M
48V / 60V (38 to 72 V DC)................................................ H
110V / 125V / 220V (88 to 264 V
DC)...............................
Serial interface RS485
Housing (42TE) additional MRDG-T2-
HTL-3F42 available Œ

Πnecessary rack for the single components

GNote
Normally the MRDG is provided with one type of current transformer only (1A or 5A).
Equipment with two CTs of different current ratings in one relay only on request.

MRDG Version 1 30/11/98 Page 55