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By
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Dr. Ashraf· K~mal Hussein
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Profe~sorr ·of Geotechnical Engineering and Foundations

.· :. Faculty af Engineering - ~cairo University
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2012
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L·~ ·L ;""

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l.lntrtlfluctioo
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· · Retaining·w.all: • •

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2.'[alt1 ..
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- a stiuctare which Fetains from failure a soil mass or other material

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·liquids, etc.). · ~ -

- .J0cated between two differen:t ground levels; upper level and lower le\ el.
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- constracted.in. various fields of engineering such as highwa_ s. bridge .
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canals, l1ydrau¥c stFUctnres . etc. .

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~ n ...)
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.r . ~

·Back zll:
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- the material behind R.W. at the upper.elevation.
• T'' F I -- -

• - exerting lateral earth pressure on the wall .

' ,_.. ,.. - ., ~\.C. . . .~~
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~~.tM.u of En~neering
·ersit •
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Materials
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• Masonry

• Bricks
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• Plain c
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Stability
- from its
~"- Gravity Wall~'70.11
"'"'"'~ s J (!..
l,.Cel. ,,

Cantilever Wall -
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Counterfort Wall •
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~ He~'\1- 9 ...J • •

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FacuJty of Engineermg Retaining\\ .
C'airo University
faculty of
:~JJ Cairo lin•~
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Steps ofDesig1z: •
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Forces:
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- act1ve ,<:
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1- Selection of \van diJnensions . •
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- \\'eight
2- Detennining forces acting on wall.
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- \Veigh!
3- Checking verall stability. •~ AI.-' • ,':f ;I
'~\,~...,, .:1~

. structural stability. ~ -.o:JJt ~· '-

4- Checking '-l.,
,;.. - wateJ
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. ~r:'--
.J ....,._, \alii'
1rU' ~
- uplift
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- pa"' 1

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3. Gra lty Walls

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Materials: \\- •
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• Masonry
• Bricks •

• Plain c0ncrete •

• O.S1n to H/12
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Stability: •
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- - from its own massive weight.

H

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Ditn~nsio1zs:
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I D =H/8 to H/6
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0.5 to 0.8H
~;.__;_;:~;.:.:.;:;__--'1
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· - tentatively ! ! . • r-t

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~\'~ ·~: I\ • ,., .
.- L\ ~rc
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Retaininob \Valli
Faculty of Engineering • •
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~:..JJ €airo IDniversitv
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3~ GravityrWalls
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. -.ael!iJve eart:li pressure Ea (Rankine oJJ CoulOf!lD) .

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- weight of w.all (We). •

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('~ .
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- weight of soil (Ws) in case of Ra1zkine.

- water pressure (Ew). •

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- uplift (U). •
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~----"'1 . . · .---~ - •. __,.,--' ' . wr -- __.

c ,. ~- ¥ ' .r
·ve earth pressure (EP)! ! ! ~· - - - ~------
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u
 -"J c.
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Resisting Fo~
,. . .~. FS = Sliding Forces ....
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'£ nlf
- Resisting Forces = 'EV ~ + c~ + r · · · ·

as ~v =~w + EU\: - u ...

Jl = coefficient of friction ---:
cw = soil adhesion Ep
B = wall breadth

J Retaining \\'alls

culty of. Engineering •

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(
:.-~. tlnivcrsitv
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... P
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cr

Stability:
2- Check of Ovel'torning:
rer--~
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- must be safe against rotation about to (point 0)

FS= Resisting Moments <Mr)

Overturning Moments (M 01 )
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Sttibili(y:
Faqor of Safett

FS = 1.5 in case of cohesionless soils

=2.0 in case of cohesive soils
=2.0 in case of cohesionless soils with passive )
)
= 2.5 in case of cohesive soils with passive
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Retaining Walls
Faculty of. Engineer-ing
€aiJifo Unhrersity

Qverall Stability:
3- €heck of Stresses:
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Mo =Mr - .Mor
r

C=Mo • ~\

LV \
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B $.., •
e= -C 1111 \

2
LV
·r e_-
1 <B (jmax = O'max

6 min B

B 2LV . ... i J c
if e>- O'max = 3C
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to avoid excessive tilt

Retaining \\'al\s

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J
_I\ 1
v
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~ L=~ .=:===-=--;;::::-_;~ = ~----=~=·.:::
- for critical secti0ns check:
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l ·-·-., •

,..,
--.- .--
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• shear sfliesses
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Retaining Walls
Faculty of Engineering
r!F' :;:.yJ Cairo Uni~ersity

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0.:! to 0.3 m • •
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Materials: •

- Reinforced concrete
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Stability: B/3
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I D' D=H112toH110
- from weight of soil above base.
.J p <Yy) 1
B = 0.4 to 0.7H 1

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