Lab Report

Titration of Hydrochloric Acid with Sodium Hydroxide

Due 14/02/2018

Section 1104

Member
Suparada Suwanlertlum ID 5961084
Nattawan Ekakkaravichit ID 5961216
Bhu Koosongdham ID 5961073
Thanthai Lapaviwat ID 5961049
Pakjira Chartpumrujee ID 5961165
Phetvarisa Predavankul ID 5961051
 Lab Report

Titration of Hydrochloric Acid with Sodium Hydroxide

Due 14/02/2018

Section 1104

Member
Suparada Suwanlertlum ID 5961084
Nattawan Ekakkaravichit ID 5961216
Bhu Koosongdham ID 5961073
Thanthai Lapaviwat ID 5961049
Pakjira Chartpumrujee ID 5961165
Phetvarisa Predavankul ID 5961051
Abstract

Titration is the process of finding concentration of substance by using another

substance’s concentration. The experiment we conducted was the titration of Hydrochloric
acid (HCl) with the Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). We want to know the methods used in
titration and how to observe and find the endpoint of the substances.

Objective

The objective of this lab is to identify the concentration of a hydrochloric acid

solution using the acid-base titration. To learn what is end point, equivalence point and to
learn how to determine the concentration of the reagent.

Introduction: Pre-lab question

Chemistry is everything around us and is related to us. You might not notice, but we
are always in contact with acid and base everyday. For example from the food that we eat
such as lemon which contain acetic acid and from the bathroom cleaning liquid which
contain basic solution. Titration is one of the process that chemist used to analyze the
quantity of the unknown concentration of a known solution. An acid base titration is a
neutralization process that is performed to calculate the unknown concentration of acid
and base. As long as we know one of the concentration we could find another concentration
by titration. In the titration reaction the moles of acid must be equal to the moles of base at
an equivalence point. The formula can be written as M​1​V​1​ = M​2​V​2​. According to (Khan
academy, 2016)”Equivalence point is a ​point in titration which the amount of titrant added
is just enough to completely neutralize the analyte solution”​. For the strong acid and strong
base reaction, the equivalence point will be at pH 7.The indicator is used to indicate when
the acid and base have neutralize each other. In this case, Phenolphthalein and
Bromophenol blue are used as an indicator in this lab. According to (Britannica, 2018) “​As
an indicator of a ​solution’s​ ​pH​, phenolphthalein is colourless below pH 8.5 and attains a
pink to deep red hue above pH 9.0.” Where as the Bromophenol blue will be yellow at pH 3
and purple-greyish at pH 4.6. When Phenolphthalein changed to light pink and
Bromophenol Blue changed to light purple, this indicates that the endpoint has been reach.
In this experiment, the concentration of hydrochloric acid solution is the main purpose of
our experiment that are observed from acid-base titration between hydrochloric acid and
sodium hydroxide.
 Pre-lab question
1) How will you know when your titration is finished?
Answer​: The way we used to determine whether the titration is completed or not is
using the indicator. The indicator is a substance that change their color depend on
the pH. As the pH change, the color of the pH also change in which we used it to
check that the titration is complete or not.
2) Label the pH scale below with acid, base, and neutral,indicatingnumbers for each.
Answer:

3) On the scale above, use an arrow toshow where your equivalence point is
located.
Answer​: The equivalence point is located in the middle of pH scale which is pH 7
4) Write the neutralization reaction that occurs between hydrobromic acid
(HBr) and lithium hydroxide (LiOH).
Answer:

5) What is the concentration of 10.00 mL of HBr if it takes 16.73 mL of a 0.253 M LiOH

solution to neutralize it?
Answer:
Materials
1. 2 Beakers
2. Volumetric Pipette
3. 2 Burets
4. 6 Erlenmeyer flasks
5. Phenolphthalein
6. Bromophenol Blue
7. Stopcock
8. Sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH)
9. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
10. Distilled water in squeeze bottle
11. Auto-Pipette

Procedure
Do at ​least ​two titrations/indicator. If added too much base and the solution is too
bright pink, and therefore, will need to discard the data and do another run. Also, if the
titrations are greater than 1% different from each other, it will be needed to conduct
additional titrations.
1) Obtain about 100 ML of Hydrochloric acid in a clean beaker for initial cleaning of
your pipette. This should be enough for the initial cleaning of your pipette and for
your first three trials.
2) Clean all six erlenmeyer flasks with distilled water using squeeze bottle.
3) Use an auto-pipette to suck up hydrochloric acid about 10 ML and place the solution
in 6 blank erlenmeyer flasks equally.
4) Drop 2-3 drops of Phenolphthalein as the indicators in three erlenmeyer flasks
prepared.
5) Place the flask under the buret and start adding the base solution to the Erlenmeyer
flask. Have one lab partner swirl the flask while the other controls the stopcock.
When pink starts to develop, add the solution more slowly. At this point you should
add one drop at a time followed by swirling until a very light pink color persists for
at least 30 seconds. Remember, the lighter the pink the better!!!
6) Record the final reading of the buret. Wash the contents of the flask down the drain
with water.
7) Record the volume under trail 2 on the data sheet.
8) Repeat the step 4 by using Bromophenol Blue as as indicator instead of
phenolphthalein
9) Complete the data sheet
10)Wash the contents of the flask down the drain with water.
Results

The results of this experiment turn out to be a light pink solution and light purple or
grey solution. The Phenolphthalein solution turn light pink then later turn into transparent
solution over time. While the Bromophenol Blue turns into light grey and light purple at
last.
Discussion: Calculation, Discussion, Post-lab question
1) Calculation:
Data Sheet
Formula used for calculation:

Concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) : 0.01M

Volume of hydrochloric acid (HCl) : 10L
Balanced Chemical Equation of the titration reaction:

Table:
 2) Discussion:

In our experiment there were some error occur for example when we were clean
the erlenmeyer flasks by using the distilled water, we accidently spilled the distilled water
out. Even though it might not affected our result but it made us had less time to do the next
step. The common errored that we did in this experiment is when we had to add the
amount of NaOH into HCl solution in order to get the light color. But unexpectedly, we
added too much amount of NaOH so that we have redo it again. Another mistook that we
did is due to the amount of the NaOH that we drop in the concentration of between the HCl
with phenolphthalein and the NaOH with bromophenol blue is different. The concentration
of HCl with bromophenol blue is more than the HCl with phenolphthalein. Our result was
not one hundred percent accurate.

3) Post-lab questions:

1) How would it affect your results if you used a beaker with residual water in it to
measure out your standardized sodium hydroxide solution?
Answer: ​ The concentration of NaOH will be less because ​the water will mix with the
solution ​which result in increase in volume of the solvent.
2) How would it affect your results if you used a wet Erlenmeyer flask instead of a dry
one when transferring your acid solution from the volumetric pipette?
Answer: ​ There will be no effect if we used wet Erlenmeyer flask instead of the dry
one because we are calculating the mole not the volume.
3) How do you tell if you have exceeded the equivalence point in your titration?
Answer:​ We can tell that by looking at the color of solution and indicator. For
example, in the case of phenolphthalein if the colour change into pink then we can tell that
its have exceed the equilibrium. For the case of Bromophenol blue the colour will change
into dark blue.
4) Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid (CH3COOH) in water. For quality control
purposes, It can be titrated using sodium hydroxide to assure a specific % composition. If
25.00 mL of acetic acid is titrated with 9.08 mL of a standardized 2.293 M sodium
hydroxide solution, what is the molarity of the vinegar?

Answer:
Conclusion

At the end of the experiment, we have a light pink from Phenolphthalein indicator to
be our solution and light purple or grey from Bromophenol Blue indicator to be a solution.
As a result of the experiment, the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with hydrochloric acid (HCl)
was titrated in this reaction creating a chemical equation of NaOH + HCl → NaCl + ​H​2​O as
a balanced equation.​ ​The Average concentration of Phenolphthalein solution we got was
0.0075 M while the average concentration for Bromophenol Blue was 0.0079 M.

Reference

- Britannica, T. E. (2017, October 06). Titration. Retrieved March 13, 2018, from
https://www.britannica.com/science/titration

- (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2018, from

http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c123/titratn.html

- Britannica, T. E. (2018, February 23). Phenolphthalein. Retrieved March 13, 2018, from
https://www.britannica.com/science/phenolphthalein

- Recently Added Formulas in Chemistry. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2018, from
http://www.web-formulas.com/Formulas_of_Chemistry/Process_of_Titration.aspx

- Acid-base titration curves. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2018, from

https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/chemical-processes/titrations-and-solubilit
y-equilibria/a/acid-base-titration-curves
Work Log

Name Lab Lab Report

Suparada S. Titration Calculation
Bhu K. Make up lab Abstract and
introduction
Nattawan E. Prepare Material: Procedure, cover page
Acid/base and and introduction
indicators
Thanthai L. Initial cleaning and Introduction and
transfer solution post-lab questions
Pakjira C. Initial cleaning and Materials and
transfer solution introduction
Phetvarisa P. Titration Results and conclusion