VISUAL CENSUS SURVEYS

OF REEF FISH
A. R. Halford and A. A. Thompson

Long-term Monitoring of
the Great Barrier Reef

Standard Operational
Procedure
Number 3

AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE

Townsville
December 1994
 CONTENTS
Preface ii

Introduction 1

Sampling design 2

Data collection
Equipment 3
Personnel 3
Sampling procedure 3
Census technique 4
Data recording 5

Data management
Equipment 7
Procedure 7

Training
Fish identification 8
Survey technique 8
Inter-observer standardisation 8

References 9

Appendixes
I Data sheets 11
II Transect species list 14

2
 PREFACE

The Australian Institute of Marine Science’s Long-term Monitoring Program monitors benthic
communities, reef fish abundance, crown-of-thorns starfish populations and water quality
parameters on an annual basis. Both reef fish and benthic communities are monitored on selected
reefs along permanently marked transects. This Standard Operational Procedure is Volume 3 in an
ongoing series, produced by the Long-term Monitoring Program at the Australian Institute of
Marine Science. It details the standard procedure used to estimate reef fish abundance along
these permanent transects. Training protocols and data management procedures are also detailed.

3
INTRODUCTION
The method adopted by the Long-term Monitoring Program (LTMP) to survey reef fish
populations is a visual census technique. Visual census techniques have been used for many
years to assess reef fish populations and are regarded as relatively accurate and cost effective
(Sale 1980, Thresher & Gunn 1986). The technique is ideally suited to monitoring the abundance
of coral reef fish as it allows for the collection of community level data without the disturbance
inherent in other more destructive sampling techniques.

Visual census encompasses many techniques used to quantify reef fish populations (Thresher &
Gunn 1986). The more traditional belt transect method, as first described by Brock (1954), has
been adopted by the LTMP to assess reef fish populations. This method has been widely used in
the past and provides similar estimates of precision and accuracy to other methods (Samoilys &
Carlos 1992). In addition, the transect as a sampling unit is easily incorporated into the overall
sampling design of the program, readily encompassing the benthic data collection techniques.

In its simplest form the belt transect method for visual census of fish populations involves an
observer, equipped with SCUBA gear, estimating the abundance of fish within a given area (the
belt transect). A multitude of factors, including fish mobility and habitat complexity, have been
shown to effect the precision of the counting technique. Additional errors in abundance estimates
are likely to be introduced through observer bias. Therefore, any program using more than one
observer must ensure that differences in bias between observers are minimised, to allow
comparisons of data collected by different observers.

The following protocol has been adopted by the LTMP as the standard methodology for
undertaking visual census. Strict adherence to this protocol, combined with annual inter-observer
training and standardisation ensures that the resulting data are of high quality with maximal
power to detect change over time.

4
SAMPLING DESIGN
Reef fish communities are surveyed annually within six sectors of the Great Barrier Reef
(Cooktown/Lizard Island, Cairns, Townsville, Whitsunday, Swain and Capricorn Bunker
sectors). In each of these sectors (with the exception of the Swain and Capricorn Bunker sectors)
three shelf positions (inner, mid and outer) have been identified. Three reefs are nested within
each of these shelf position/sector combinations (four in the mid shelf of the Cairns sector). In
the Capricorn Bunker sector, only outer shelf reefs are represented, with four reefs being
surveyed. In the Swain sector only outer (two reefs) and mid (five reefs) are surveyed. Shelf
position is determined by the position of the reef relative to the coast and continental slope, with
inner shelf reefs closest to the coast.

A single habitat is surveyed on each reef, typically situated on the north-east flank of the reef. It
is described as the first stretch of continuous reef with a slope less than vertical, going in a
clockwise direction from the back reef zone towards the front reef. The selection of a common
habitat allows comparisons to be made between reefs both within and between sectors. Within
this habitat three sites are selected, each containing five, permanently marked, 50 metre long
transects, lying approximately parallel to the reef crest.

Transects are set along the middle of the reef slope (usually at a depth between 6 and 9 metres).
The centre line of each transect is marked with a star-picket at each end and sections of steel
reinforcing rod (10 mm diameter.) at 10 metre intervals. Each star-picket is labelled with an
aluminium tag identifying the transects as belonging to AIMS project 221. The star-picket at the
beginning of the first transect of each site is marked with a subsurface buoy to aid in locating the
site.

Within the original sampling design, transect dimensions were based upon current knowledge of
the most effective sizes required to reduce variability and increase precision. Two transect sizes
are used to census the reef fish community at each site. Originally the relatively large and mobile
fish species were sampled along 50 metre by 10 metre transects and species of the family
Pomacentridae were sampled along 50 metre by 2 metre transects. These transect dimensions
have been changed after consideration of a detailed report by Mapstone and Ayling (1993) in
conjunction with a need to increase diving safety and the lack of applicability of the 10 metre
wide transects in turbid coastal water. The Pomacentrids will now be counted on 50 metre by 1
metre transects and all other families on 50 metre by 5 metre transects (Appendix II).

For both transect dimensions only fishes estimated as belonging to the year 1+ age class are
included in counts. The reason for excluding 0+ fish is that recruitment can be highly variable
both in space and time. It is also likely that there are high mortality rates as well as considerable
repositioning of recruits within the first year. These factors would contribute to the addition of
unreasonable variability in abundance estimates of the stocks being monitored.

5
 DATA COLLECTION

Equipment

The following equipment is required for the collection of fish abundance data;

• two complete sets of scuba diving equipment

• underwater slate, pencil and data sheets
• six, 50 metre fibreglass measuring tapes
1. hand held Geographical Positioning System (GPS) to aid in site location

Personnel

A minimum of three people are required for the collection of visual census data using this
technique. One person conducts the surveys, while a second person lays a tape measure along
the centre line of each transect. The third person remains in the boat as surface support.

Sampling procedure

The following section outlines the procedure for undertaking visual census surveys of a
permanent monitoring site.

1. The site is located from the surface using a GPS and/or past knowledge of the
surrounding reef topography. On reaching the general area a snorkel diver locates the
beginning of the first transect. The boat is anchored slightly away from the site so that divers
entering the water do not swim across transects and disturb fish before the census begins.

2. Two divers enter the water. The first diver (observer) is equipped with a slate, pencil and
data sheets (Appendix I), the second diver (tape layer) carries the tapes. Before reaching the
first transect the tape layer runs out 2.5 metres of tape to allow the observer an initial
visualisation of the desired transect width.

3. The observer conducts the 50 metre by 5 metre surveys by swimming along the centre
line of the transects using the star-pickets and reinforcing rods as guides. The observer counts
all fish from the target list (Appendix II) sighted within the area 2.5 metres either side of the
centre line.

4. The tape layer follows the observer approximately 15 metres behind, laying a tape
measure along the centre line of the transect. The tape is attached to the star-picket at the
beginning of the transect then wrapped once around each reinforcing rod and attached to, or
as close as possible to, the last star-picket.

5. On completion of the five, 50 metre by 5 metre transects, the observer returns along the
same transects (which are now marked with a tape along the centre line) undertaking a census
of the family Pomacentridae (Appendix II). All Pomacentrids occurring in a 1 metre wide
strip up the reef slope from the tape are surveyed. When the tape does not contact the
substrate an imaginary line is dropped to the substrate directly below the tape and fish
counted within a 1 metre belt up-slope and perpendicular to this line.

6
 6. At the end of every transect the observer calibrates their estimation of the transect width.
For the 50 metre by 5 metre transects the observer identifies an object estimated to be 2.5
metres perpendicular to the centre line of the transect. This distance is measured and recorded
on the data sheet. The procedure is the same for the 50 metre by 1 metre transects except the
distance estimation is for 1 metre. These data provide the observer with a constant reference
to the desired transect boundaries.

Census technique

A visual census aims at recording an instantaneous estimate of abundance for the target
species present within the bounds of the transect. Unfortunately this theoretical goal can
never be realised due to factors such as the time taken to count and record each individual,
and commonly, the inability to scan the entire transect area at any one time. Consequently
there is a need to employ a sampling technique which best approximates this ideal.

Although it is impossible to census the entire transect in a given instant, it is possible to treat
the transect as a series of instantaneous counts, such that each portion of the transect area is
only viewed once for any given target species. In practice this is achieved by viewing ahead
and counting target species in an area of the transect contained well within the bounds of
visibility (often the next reinforcing rod serves as an appropriate break point). During the first
scan of the section the most mobile target species should be counted and recorded, with
progressively less mobile species recorded in consecutive counts. Fish entering the transect
during, or after, that area of transect is sampled are not included as they were not present
during the initial count. Once the most mobile species have been counted the observer moves
along the centre of the transect searching for the more cryptic and slower moving target
species, being careful to include individuals of the most mobile species which were obscured
from view by the structure of the reef during the initial count of the area.

Timing of census
In an attempt to reduce variability in fish densities (due to diurnal influences on behaviour)
sampling excludes the high activity periods of early morning and late afternoon. Sampling has
been limited to between 0900 and 1630 hours during winter months and between 0830 and 1700
hours during summer months. This time window also excludes periods of poor visibility caused
by low sun angle.

Data recording

In addition to abundance estimates of target species a number of ambient parameters are recorded
which describe the physical environment at the time of census. Before entering the water a
number of parameters relating to weather conditions and location are recorded on the data
sheets (Appendix I), these are:

Reef
The reef name as shown in the Great Barrier Reef Gazetteer.

Site
The site number, where site 1 is the first site encountered when moving in a clockwise direction
around the reef.

7
Transect
The number of the transect, where transect 1 is the first transect of a site encountered when
swimming around the reef in a clockwise direction.

Date
The date of census in the format DD/MM/YY.

Observer
Initials of the observer carrying out the census.

Tide
Tide is recorded as either low, high, falling or rising, determined from the Tide Tables. The tide
state is entered as one of the categories shown in table 1.

Table 1. Tide states

State Description

Low One hour either side of low water

High One hour either side of high water
Falling The period between High and Low water
Rising The period between Low and High water

Cloud
Measured as the fraction of the sky covered by cloud and expressed in eighths (oktas) eg. 0/8
indicates a cloudless sky, 3/8 indicates approximately three eighths of the sky is obscured by
cloud.

Wind
Wind strength is recorded as a category as described in table 2.

Sea state
Sea state is described by a modified Beaufort scale (table 3).

Once in the water, the following data is recorded prior to commencing the survey of each
transect.

Depth
Recorded to the nearest metre at the start of each transect.

Start
The time at which the census begins for each transect, recorded in 24 hour notation eg. 3.15 p.m.
is recorded as 1515.

Visibility
Recorded in metres distance when the observer first enters the water, prior to census. This is only
recorded once unless it changes.

8
Table 2. Wind strength categories

Category Wind strength (knots)

0 0
1 1-5
2 6-10
3 11-15
4 16-20
5 21-25

Table 3. Sea state description

Sea state Description

Calm Mirror-like to small ripples

Slight Large wavelets, crests breaking
Moderate Many white caps forming
Rough Large waves, 2-3m, white caps

9
 DATA MANAGEMENT
Due to the large volume of data collected during each survey trip, strict data management
procedures must be followed to ensure safe and efficient storage of data.

Equipment

• lap top computer (minimum requirement, IBM compatible 486 with 4Mb RAM and 180
MB Hard Disk loaded with data entry software1)
• two high density 3.5 inch computer discs for data back-up
• boot disc

Procedure

Field
On the same day data are collected, conduct the following procedure:

1. Rinse data sheets in fresh water and then dry.

2. Assign sample identification numbers2 to each transect.
3. Enter data onto laptop computer in the ReefMon database. Fish species names are entered
in the database as a seven digit fish code. The first 3 letters represent a genus code, and
the following four letters represent the species code (eg., DAS.RETI, Dascyllus
reticulatus, Appendix II)
4. Back-up data to floppy disc.

Office
After the field trip, data are checked and added to the main data base using the following
procedure:

1. Print raw data entered at sea and check against field data sheets. This checking procedure
requires two personnel. One person reads out the species and abundance data from the
field sheets while the other person checks these values against the print out of field
entered data.
2. Correct any errors in the data and export to disk.
3. Give disk to database manager for inclusion into the ORACLE database.
4. File field data sheets and data printout.

1
A user interface to Microsoft Access has been developed for this purpose. For more information contact the
Database programmer, LTMP, AIMS.
2
Sample identification numbers consist of a two letter ‘trip code’ which is incremented for successive survey trips
followed by a unique number for each transect. Census data taken from the 5 metre wide transects are assigned
sample identification numbers ranging from 101 (the first transect surveyed during a trip) up to 250 eg. CB101.
Census data collected along the 1 metre wide transects are assigned sample identification numbers ranging from 251
to 400 eg. CB251.

10
 TRAINING
The LTMP uses a bipartite program to train personnel in visual census of fish populations.
Firstly, new observers are trained, in situ, in the identification of the target species (Appendix II),
and in the standard technique for visual census of belt transects. Secondly, experienced observers
are continually standardised to minimise inter-observer bias.

Fish Identification

The level of expertise required for identification of reef fish is achieved with the use of reference
texts in conjunction with field training. Initial familiarity with the target species is gained by
regular perusal of Allen (1991), Myers (1989) and Randall et al. (1990). These texts provide a
comprehensive photographic record of the species targeted in the annual reef fish surveys.
Identification skills are further enhanced with underwater tuition where an experienced observer
points out target species and highlights physical characteristics, habitat preferences and
behavioural patterns that will aid in quick and accurate identification.

Survey Technique

Training of observers in the visual census technique involves an experienced observer and
trainee undertaking concurrent surveys using the census procedure outlined previously. At the
end of each site, data are compared and possible sources of discrepancy discussed. For 50 metre
by 5 metre transects, the trainee and experienced observer swim side by side down the centre line
of the transects. At the end of each transect they swap sides to control for any position related
bias. As the 50 metre by 1 metre transects are too narrow for observers to swim abreast, they
swim in single file. The observers swim approximately 10 metres apart and swap positions at the
end of each transect, again to control for any position related bias. These surveys are undertaken
until the trainee’s abundance estimates when compared to those of the experienced observer are
not different at the 0.05 significance level.

Inter-observer standardisation

Observers undertake annual standardisation exercises to maintain significantly (α = 0.05 ) close

concordance in their counts. The procedure used for inter-observer standardisation is identical to
that outlined above for the training of observers in the visual census technique.

11
REFERENCES
Allen, G. R. 1991, Damselfishes of the World, Mergus, Germany.

Brock, V. E. 1954, 'A preliminary report on a method of estimating reef fish populations', J.
Wildl. M’ment. 18:297-308.

Mapstone, B. D. and Ayling, A. M. 1993, An investigation of optimum methods and unit sizes
for the visual estimation of abundance of some coral reef organisms, A report to the Great Barrier
Reef Marine Park Authority.

Myers, R. F. 1989, Micronesian Reef Fishes, Coral Graphics, Agana, Guam.

Randall, J. E., G. R. Allen, and Steene, R. C. 1990, Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral
Sea. Crawford House Press, Bathurst, Australia.

Sale, P. F. 1980, 'The ecology of fishes on coral reefs', Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., 18:367-
421.

Samoilys, M. and G. Carlos, 1992, Development of an Underwater Visual Census Method for
Assessing Shallow Water Reef Fish Stocks in the South West Pacific, Report to AIDAB.

Thresher, R. E. and Gunn, J. S. 1986, 'Comparative analysis of visual census techniques for
highly mobile, reef-associated piscivores (Centrachidae)', Environ. Biol. Fish., 17:93-116.

12
APPENDIX
APPENDIX 1
Data sheets

13
Figure 1.1 50 metre by 5 metre transect data sheet

LONG TERM REEF FISH MONITORING (50m x 5m)

Reef: Site: Transect: Date: Observer:

Depth: Start time: Vis:

Acanthurus Cheilinus Plec. leop.

P. laevis

Choer. fasc.

Coris gaim. Scarus

Epibulus

Gomphosus

Hal. hort.

Hem. fasc.

Ctenochaet. Hem. melt.

Zeb. scopas Lutjanus

Z. veliferum

Chaetodon

Lethrinus Siganus

Zanclus

Dist. Est.

Tide: Wind: Cloud: Sea:

14
Figure 1.1 50 metre by 1 metre transect data sheet

LONG TERM REEF FISH MONITORING (50m x 1m)

Reef: Site: Transect: Date: Observer:

Depth: Start time: Vis:

Acanthochromis Neopomacentrus

Amblygly. curacao

Amblygly.leucogaster Neoglyph. melas

Amphiprion Neoglyph.nigroris

Plectroglyph. lacrym

Chromis

Pomacentrus

Chrysiptera

Dascyllus

Dischistodus Stegastes

Distance Est.

Tide: Wind: Cloud: Sea:

15
APPENDIX II
Transect species list

Table II.1 50 metre by 5 metre transect species list grouped by family

Fish code Fish species

ACANTHURIDAE
ACA.ALBI Acanthurus albipectoralis
ACA.BLOC Acanthurus blochii
ACA.DUSS Acanthurus dussumieri
ACA.GRAM Acanthurus grammoptilus
ACA.LINE Acanthurus lineatus
ACA.MATA Acanthurus mata
ACA.NANS Acanthurus nigricans
ACA.NUDA Acanthurus nigricauda
ACA.NCUS Acanthurus nigrofuscus
ACA.OLIV Acanthurus olivaceus
ACA.PYRO Acanthurus pyropherus
ACA.THOM Acanthurus thompsoni
ACA.TRIO Acanthurus triostegus
ACA.XANT Acanthurus xanthopterus
CTE.GROP Ctenochaetus spp. (grouped)
NAS.LITU Naso lituratus
NAS.TUBE Naso tuberosus
NAS.UNIC Naso unicornus
PCT.HEPA Paracanthurus hepatus
ZEB.SCOP Zebrasoma scopas
ZEB.VELI Zebrasoma veliferum

CHAETODONTIDAE
CHA.AFAS Chaetodon aureofasciatus
CHA.AURI Chaetodon auriga
CHA.BARO Chaetodon baronessa
CHA.BENN Chaetodon bennetti
CHA.CITR Chaetodon citrinellus
CHA.EPHI Chaetodon ephippium
CHA.FLAV Chaetodon flavirostris
CHA.GUEN Chaetodon guentheri
CHA.KLEI Chaetodon kleinii
CHA.LINE Chaetodon lineolatus
CHA.LUNU Chaetodon lunula
CHA.MELO Chaetodon melannotus
CHA.MEYE Chaetodon meyeri
CHA.ORNA Chaetodon ornatissimus
CHA.PELW Chaetodon pelewensis
CHA.PLEB Chaetodon plebeius
CHA.PUNC Chaetodon punctatofasciatus
CHA.RAFF Chaetodon rafflesi
CHA.RAIN Chaetodon rainfordi

16
CHA.RETI Chaetodon reticulatus
CHA.SEME Chaetodon semeion
CHA.SPEC Chaetodon speculum
CHA.TLIS Chaetodon trifascialis
CHA.TTUS Chaetodon trifasciatus
CHA.ULIE Chaetodon ulietensis
CHA.UNIM Chaetodon unimaculatus
CHA.VAGA Chaetodon vagabundus
CHM.ROST Chelmon rostratus
FOR.FLAV Forcipiger flavissimus
FOR.LONG Forcipiger longirostrus
HYS.POLY Hemitaurichthys polylepis

LABRIDAE
CHE.FASC Cheilinus fasciatus
CHE.UNDU Cheilinus undulatus
CHO.FASC Choerodon fasciatus
COR.GAIM Coris gaimard
EPB.INSI Epibulus insidiator
GOM.VARI Gomphosus varius
HAL.HORT Halichoeres hortulanus
HEM.FASC Hemigymnus fasciatus
HEM.MELT Hemigymnus melapterus

LETHRINIDAE
LET.ATKI Lethrinus atkinsoni
LET.ERYT Lethrinus erythracanthus
LET.HARA Lethrinus harak
LET.MINI Lethrinus miniatus
LET.NEBU Lethrinus nebulosus
LET.OBSO Lethrinus obsoletus
LET.OLIV Lethrinus olivaceus
LET.RUBR Lethrinus rubrioperculatus
LET.XANT Lethrinus xanthochilus
MON.GRAN Monotaxis grandoculis

LUTJANIDAE
LUT.ADET Lutjanus adetti
LUT.ARGE Lutjanus argentimaculatus
LUT.BOHA Lutjanus bohar
LUT.CARP Lutjanus carponotatus
LUT.FLMA Lutjanus fulviflamma
LUT.GIBB Lutjanus gibbus
LUT.KASM Lutjanus kasmira
LUT.LUTJ Lutjanus lutjanus
LUT.QUIN Lutjanus quinquelineatus
LUT.RIVU Lutjanus rivulatus
LUT.RUSS Lutjanus russelli
LUT.SEBA Lutjanus sebae
LUT.SEMI Lutjanus semicinctus

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LUT.VITT Lutjanus vitta
MCR.GROP Macolor spp. (grouped)

SCARIDAE
BOL.MURI Bolbometapon muricatum
CET.BICO Cetoscarus bicolor
HIP.LONG Hipposcarus longiceps
SCA.ALTI Scarus altipinnis
CHS.BLEE Chlorurus bleekeri
SCA.CHAM Scarus chameleon
SCA.DIMI Scarus dimidiatus
SCA.FLAV Scarus flavipectoralis
SCA.FORS Scarus forsteni
SCA.FREN Scarus frenatus
SCA.GHOB Scarus ghobban
SCA.GLOB Scarus globiceps
CHS.MICR Chlorurus microrhinos
SCA.NIGR Scarus niger
SCA.OVIC Scarus oviceps
SCA.PSIT Scarus psittacus
CHS.JAPA Chlorurus jananesis
SCA.RIVU Scarus rivulatus
SCA.RUBR Scarus rubroviolaceus
SCA.SCHL Scarus schlegeli
CHS.SORD Chlorurus sordidus
SCA.SPIN Scarus spinus

SERRANIDAE
PMS.AREO Plectropomus areolatus
PMS.LAEV Plectropomus laevis
PMS.LEOP Plectropomus leopardus
PMS.MACU Plectropomus maculatus
PMS.OLIG Plectropomus oligacanthus
VAR.ALBI Variola albimarginata
VAR.LOUT Variola louti

SIGANIDAE
SIG.ARGE Siganus argenteus
SIG.CORA Siganus corallinus
SIG.DOLI Siganus doliatus
SIG.JAVU Siganus javus
SIG.LINE Siganus lineatus
SIG.PUEL Siganus puellus
SIG.PMUS Siganus punctatissimus
SIG.PTUS Siganus punctatus
SIG.SPIN Siganus spinus
SIG.VULP Siganus vulpinus

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ZANCLIDAE
ZAN.CORN Zanclus cornutus

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Table II.2 50 metre by 1 metre transect species list grouped by family

Fish code Fish species

ACANTHOCHROMIS
ACN.POLY Acanthochromis polyacanthus

AMBLYGLYPHIDODON
AMB.AURE Amblyglyphidodon aureus
AMB.CURA Amblyglyphidodon curacao
AMB.LEUC Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster

AMPHIPRION
AMP.AKIN Amphiprion akindynos
AMP.CHRY Amphiprion chrysopterus
AMP.CLAR Amphiprion clarkii
AMP.MELA Amphiprion melanopus
AMP.PERC Amphiprion percula
AMP.PERI Amphiprion perideraion

CHROMIS
CHR.ACAR Chromis acares
CHR.AGIL Chromis agilis
CHR.ALIS Chromis atripectoralis
CHR.AMBO Chromis amboinensis
CHR.APES Chromis atripes
CHR.CHRY Chromis chrysura
CHR.FUME Chromis fumea
CHR.IOME Chromis iomelas
CHR.LEPI Chromis lepidolepis
CHR.MARG Chromis margaritifer
CHR.NITI Chromis nitida
CHR.RETR Chromis retrofasciatus
CHR.TERN Chromis ternatensis
CHR.VAND Chromis vanderbilti
CHR.VIRI Chromis viridis
CHR.WEBE Chromis weberi
CHR.XANT Chromis xanthura

CHRYSIPTERA
CHY.BIOC Chrysiptera biocellata
CHY.CYAN Chrysiptera cyanea
CHY.FLAV Chrysiptera flavipinnis
CHY.REX Chrysiptera rex
CHY.ROLL Chrysiptera rollandi
CHY.TALB Chrysiptera talboti

DASCYLLUS
DAS.ARUA Dascyllus aruanus
DAS.MELA Dascyllus melanurus

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DAS.RETI Dascyllus reticulatus
DAS.TRIM Dascyllus trimaculatus

DISCHISTODUS
DIS.MELA Dischistodus melanotus
DIS.PERS Dischistodus perspicillatus
DIS.PROS Dischistodus prosopotaenia
DIS.PSEU Dischistodus pseudochrysopocilus

HEMIGLYPHIDODON
HGY.PLAG Hemiglyphidodon plagiometopon

NEOGLYPHIDODON
NEG.MELA Neoglyphidodon melas
NEG.NIGR Neoglyphidodon nigroris
NEG.POLY Neoglyphidodon polyacanthus

NEOPOMACENTRUS
NEO.AZYS Neopomacentrus azysron
NEO.BANK Neopomacentrus bankieri
NEO.CYAN Neopomacentrus cyanomos

PLECTROGLYPHIDODON
PGY.DICK Plectroglyphidodon dickii
PGY.JOHN Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus
PGY.LACR Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus

POMACENTRUS
POM.ADEL Pomacentrus adelus
POM.AMBO Pomacentrus amboinensis
POM.AUST Pomacentrus australis
POM.BANK Pomacentrus bankanensis
POM.BRAC Pomacentrus brachialis
POM.CHRY Pomacentrus chrysurus
POM.COEL Pomacentrus coelestis
POM.GRAM Pomacentrus grammnorhyncus
POM.LEPI Pomacentrus lepidogenys
POM.MOLU Pomacentrus moluccensis
POM.NAGA Pomacentrus nagasakiensis
POM.PHIL Pomacentrus philippinus
POM.TRIP Pomacentrus tripunctatus
POM.VAIU Pomacentrus vaiuli
POM.WARD Pomacentrus wardi

POMACHROMIS
PCH.RICH Pomachromis richardsoni

PREMNAS
PRE.BIAC Premnas biaculeatus

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STEGASTES
STE.APIC Stegastes apicalis
STE.FASC Stegastes fasciolatus
STE.NIGR Stegastes nigricans
STE.GASC Stegastes gascoynei

22