A&P - Airframe Oral Exam (Jeppesen)

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1. Acertificated Airframe & Powerp;ant mechanic may sign off 17. Briefly describe the components of a kidde continuous loop
and approve the retun to service following what type of fire detection system.: A kidde system has an Inconel tube
inspection?: A 100-hour inspection. containing one or more wires embedded in a ceramic core
2. After components in a pitot-static system been replaced, whose resistance changes with temperature.
what test or inspections are required?: The static system 18. Briefly describe the components of a thermal switch fire
leak test specifiedby FAR 91.411. detection system?: Tenperature sensitive switches that
3. After equipment is installed in accordance with an STC, who complete a circuit at a specific temperature and trigger a
must approve the return to service?: An A & P mechanic warning.
who holds an inspection authorization. 19. By what usual means does the stall warning system in a
4. Aircraft covering fabrics are made of material from what two small aircraft alert the pilot of an impending stall?: An
sources?: Organic materials and synthetic materials. audible alert and/or a warning light.
5. An aircraft is required by FAR 91.409 to have a 100-hour 20. Can a section of wood containing a hard knot be used?: Yes,
inspection. Is it legal to fly that airplane beyond tha within specified limits.
inspection requirement, and if so, for how long?: Yes, the 21. Can the operation of an electrically heated pitot-tube be
aircraft may be operated for up to 10 hours, if required, to cheaked with the aircraft's ammeter, and if so, how?: Yes,
reach a place where the inspection can be accomplished. turn the pitot heater on and observe the deflevtion of the
6. An aircraft under a progressive inspection program is ammeter needle.
operated for compensation or hire. Does it need a 100-hour 22. Circuit breakers are desighed to open before what condition
inspection?: No, progressive inspections replace 100-hour occurs?: Before the wire emits smoke.
inspections. 23. Describe a joggle and explain its function.: A joggle is an
7. An airplane is flown 4 hours over the 100-hour inspection offset formed at an intersection of two or more sheets of
limit to reach your maintenance facility. How do you metal to allow the multiple sheets to be stacked flat against
account for those 4 hours?: The 4 hours are included in the each other.
nest 100 hour time-in-service period. 24. Describe one method of monitoring the signal output during
8. Are thermal switches wired in series or parallel with each an ELT test?: Tune a communication receiver to 121.5 MHz.
other?: Parallel 25. Describe one type of repair that could be made to a dented
9. At what interval must an ATC transponder system be steel tube cluster joint.: A formed steel patch plate could be
certified?: Every 24 calendar months. welded over the damaged area.
10. At what point do electric motors draw the most current?: 26. Describe several methods of pressurizing a hydraulic
When starting. reservoir.: Engine bleed air, system pressure acting on a
11. At what point in a circuit should the protective device be small piston inthe reservoir, using variable-displacement
located?: As close to the power source as possible. hydraulic pumps.
12. At what time(s) is a test of an installed ELT permitted?: 27. Describe several potential problems associaated with
During the first 5 minutes after the hour and for no more than electrically heated windshields.: Arcing, delaminayion,
3 sweeps. scratches, and discoloration.
13. At what times should a gear retraction check be 28. Describe some of the methods used to apply pressure to
performed?: During annual or other inspections and glue joints.: Clamps, nailing strips, power presses, brads, nails,
following a hard landing. and small screws.
14. At what time would a check of a landing gear warning 29. Describe some of the tools used to check control surface
system normally be made?: Duringg a landing gear travel?: A universal propeller protractor or specal control
reraction test. surface protractor.
15. Before a brake system can be inspected for leaks, what 30. Describe the acceptable methods used to repair elongated
action must be accomplished?: Pressure must be applied to bolts holes found in wooden wing spar.: Remove the section
the system. containing the elongated holes and splice in a new section or
replace the entire spar.
16. Briefly describe the components and operation of a
Lindberg fire detection system?: A stainless steel tube 31. Describe the basic operating concept of a synchro-type
contains an inert gas and a discrete materiaal that absorbs remote indicating system.: A remote transmitter eletrically
some of the gas.When the tube heats up, some gas is signals a receiver inside the instrument.
released, raising the pressure in the tube, which activates a 32. Describe the basic operating principles of a water
pressure switch. separator.: Cool, moist air is swirled so that water droplets
are separated by centrifugl force, captured by sock, and
drainied.
33. Describe the basic operating principles that allow air-cycle 46. Describe the process or mechanism by which a plotoelectric
system to produce cool air.: Hot engine bleed air is cooled smoke detector generates a warning of a possible fire.:
in the primaary heat exchanger, compressed, then cooled Smoke particals refract light in the detector unit causing the
again in the secondary heat exchanger. This air expanded photoelectric cell to conduct electricity and trigger the
across the turbine where energy is extracted and the alarm.
pressure is reduced. This produces a large temperature drop. 47. Describe the purpose of a pressure relief valve.: Pressure
34. Describe the construction of a bonded honeycomb relief valves limit the maximum pressure produced by the
structure.: It is a laminated structure that has a solid facing pump, thereby preventing failures of the system components.
bonded to either side of a core consisting of open, six-sided 48. Describe the purpose regulators manage the output of the
cells. pump to maintain system pressure.: They allow the pump to
35. Describe the function of a rotorcraft cyclic pitch control.: be unloaded so it turns without significant resistance.
The cyclic control tilts the main rotor disc by by changing the 49. Describe the safety precautions that should be observed
pitch angle of each rotor blade during its cycle of rotation, when servicing oxygen systems.: Aviod all contact with
which causes the helicopter to move in the direction the petroleum-based oil or grease, don't smoke, keep everything
rotor tilts. very clean, service systems outdoors if at all possibe, and
36. Describe the function of rotorcraft collective pitch control.: keep the caps on the bottles to protect the valves.
The collective control causes each rotor blade to change its 50. Describe the shap and location of a transponder antenna.:
pitch angle by the same amount, thus increasing or Either a short blade or a short wire with a ball end located on
decreasing the lift produced by the rotor. the bottom of the fuselage.
37. Describe the markings found on the heads of A, B, D, AD, 51. Describe two methods of bleeding brakes.: Apressure pot
and DD rivets?: A rivets are plain, B rivets have a cross, D can be attached to the bleeder valve and fluid forced back
rivets have a raised dot, AD rivets have a dimple, and DD towards the master cylinder and/or reservoir, or the master
rivets have a double dash. cylindre can be used for forcing fluid from the reservoir to
38. Describe the mechanism by whicj a Ffreon bottle is the brakes.
discharged.: A electrical signal fires an exp;psive squib, which 52. Describle the characteristics of a scarf joint.: The pieces to
ruptures a frangible disk. be joined are tapered or beveled on a slope of 1 to 10 or 1 to
39. Describe the methods commonly used to remove rain from 12.
a windshield?: Windshield wipers, blast of air, or chemical 53. A drill bit used for drilling composites should have an
rain repellant. included angle of how many degrees?: 135 degrees.
40. Describe the operaating principle of a pressure-demand 54. Engine-driven pumps deliver the output fluid in what two
oxygen system?: Demand ssystems allow to flow from the forms?: As a constant volume or a vatiable volume.
cylinder to the regulator and then to the mask only when the
55. Fabric is considered unairworthy when it has deteriorated to
uset inhales. Pressure-demand systems provide oxygen to
what percentage of its original strength?: Less than 70%.
the mask aat higher than atmospheric pressure when used at
extremely high altitudes, forcing oxygen into the user's lungs. 56. For what reason is a fuel jettison system usually divided into
two separate,independent systems, one for each wing?: To
41. Describe the operating principle of a continuous-flow oxgen
help maintain lateral stability by jettisoning fuel from a heavy
system?: High-pressure oxygen flows from the storage
wing if necessary.
cylinder to a pressure regulator where its pressure is
reduced and then to the maskk outlets whenever the system 57. The fuel selector valve for a multi-engine aircraft must have
is turned on. at least three positions. What are they?: ON,OFF,and
Crossfeed.
42. Describe the operation of a gear-type pump.: Two meshed
gears, driven by a power source, rotate in a housing. Inlet 58. How are Freon bottles protected from excessively high
fluid is carried around the outside of the gears and delivered temperatures and how can you tell that this has occurred?:
to the outlet side as the gears rotate. A thermal fuse ( or blowout disk) will release the agent if the
bottle temperature exceeds a certain limit. This blows out a
43. Describe the operation of a pneumatic rain removal system.:
red indicator disk.
A high velocity air blast prevents the tain from reaching the
surface of the windshield. 59. How are the dtector units in a double-loop Fenwal system
wired?: In parallel between two complete loops of wire.
44. Describe the procedure used to route coaxial cable from an
antenna to a receiver.: The cable should be supported every 60. How are the fabric type and strength requirements
w feet, bends should be 10 times the cable diameter, and it determined for fabric-covered aircraft?: The original
should be routed separately from other wires. manufacturer determines the fabric type, and the strength
requirements are a function of the never-exceed speed and
45. Describe the process for determining the total length of a
wing loading.
solid rivet for a particular installation.: Add the grip length
(thickness or the materials being joined) plus 1-1/2 times the
rivet diameter.
61. How are the pilots nose wheel steering commands 78. How should the edges of drainage, inspection, and
trasmitted to the steering control unit of a large aircraft?: ventilation holes be reinforced?: With plastic, aluminum, or
Steering signals may be transmitted mechanically, electrically, brass grommets.
or hydraulically. 79. How would you derermine if the batteries in an ELT are due
62. How can a mechanic determine whether the countersink for for rechatge or replacement?: By looking for an expiration
a flush rivet should be dimpled or drilled?: By the thickness date for recharge or replacement on the battery and/or in
of the top sheet; thin sheets are dimpled while thick sheets the aircraft maintenance records.
may be countersunk. 80. How would you determine the correct spacing for stitching
63. How can a pilot determine that the landing gear is down and if the original spacing was unknown?: Consult the chart in
locked?: Agreen light or lights and/or another type of visual AC 43.13-1B.
indicator. 81. How would you determine the strength requirements for
64. How can a soft flame be obtained without reducing the heat fabric used to re-cover an aircraft?: The fabric must be of at
output of the torch?: Use a larger tip and adjust the gas least the quality and strength of the fabric used by the
pressure accordingly. orginal manufacturer.
65. How can the operation of a photoelectric smoke detector be 82. How would you identify a specific wire in a wire bundle?: By
tested?: By actuating a test switch. the identifivation code marked on the wire.
66. How does a carbon monoxide detector indicate the 83. If a 2024 rivet must be replaced with a 2117 rivet, how do
presence of this deadly gas?: The tan spot on the detector you determine the size to be used?: For 5/32" or smaller
turns gray or black. diameter, use the next larger size 2117 rivet, assuming that the
67. How does a takeoff configuration warning diiffer from a edge distance and spacing meet the minimum requirements.
landing gear warninig?: Takeoff warnings are usually an 84. If an aircraft with retractable landing gear has only one
intermittent horns while gear warnings are steady. green light to indicate the gear is down and locked, how will
68. How is a Freon container checked for proper pressure?: A the switches be connected, in series or in parallel?: In series.
chart must be used to determine the maximum and minimum 85. If spray painting dust causes a surface to appear dry and
gauge pressure readings based on the ambient temperature. rough, what are the most likely causes?: Too much air
69. How is a fuel tank checked for leaks following a patch or pressure or the spray gun is too far from the surface being
weded repair?: The tank is slightly pressurized with air and painted.
the repaired area is leak-checked with a soap and water 86. Inorder for an individual person to conduct a 100-hour
solution inspection and approve the return to service, that person
70. How is a pilot alerted that an anti-skid system has must have what type of certificate(s)?: A mechanic's
automatically returned to a manual brake system?: By a certificate with both the airframe and powerplant ratings.
warning light. 87. In what are splices to a wood spar prohibited?: Under an
71. How is the amount of thrust produced by the tail rotor attachment fitting for the wing root, landing gear, engine-
controlled?: By moving the foot pedals. mount, lift, or inter-plane strut.
72. How is the nose wheel steering mechanism usually acyuated 88. In what significant way is a vapor-cycle cooling system
on a small aircraft?: By means of a mechanical linkage different from an air-cycle system?: Vapor-cycle systems
connected to the rudder pedals. use a refrigerant liquid, usually Freon.
73. How is the output voltage of an alternator controlled?: By 89. In what way do magnetic fields generated by electrical
varying the field current that excites the alternator. equipment and steel parts in the airplane affect a magnetic
compass?: Stray magnetic fields deflact the compass from
74. How is the service life of a discharge cartridge calculated?:
alignment with the earth's magnetic field.
From the date stamped on the cartridge by the manufacturer.
90. In what way is a thermocouple fire warning system different
75. How is the weight of the fuel supported when bladder-type
from a thermal switch system?: Thermocouple system are
fuel cells are used?: The bladder is supported by the aircraft
sensitive to the rate of temperature change, whereas thermal
structure which contains it.
switch systems respond to a specific temperature value.
76. How should a hole be drilled in Plexiglas to avoid damage
91. Is an engine run-up required as part of a 100-hout inspection
to the hole when the drill breaks through to the underside?:
ana turbine powered aircraft?: Yes
Back up the plastic with a piece of wood and feed the drill
slowly. 92. Is compression wood acceptable for structural repairs?: No.
77. How should a structure that will be covered with doped 93. Is it possible for a fuel system to develop a leak that has no
fabric be prepared following inspection and prior to visible evidence such as a stain or spot, and if so, how?: An
covering?: Treat it with a protective coating of paint or internal component such as a vallve could develop a leak.
varnish as appropriate.
94. Is there any reason why a fuel jettison system might be 110. Name several types of auxiliary flight controls and describe
required on a small aircraft?: Yes, if the maximum takeoff their general purpose?: The auxiliary flight controls consist
weight exceeds the maximum allowable landing weight, a of the various high-lift devices used during low-speed flight
jettison system would be required. such as leading and trailing edge flaps, slats, slots, speed
95. Is there any special requirement as to the type of oxgen brakes, etc.
used in an aircraft system, and if so, what is it?: Only 111. Name several types of brake actuating systems.:
aviator's breathing oxygen should be used. Independent master cylinders, boosted brakes, and power-
96. A landing gear shock strut should be inflated with what controlled brakes.
gas?: Nitrogen or dry air. 112. Name severl types of electrical devices the would be
97. May an aircraft that is overdue for an annual inspection be considered intermittent loads on an elevtrical system.:
flown to a place wher the inspection can be performed.: LAnding gear, cowl and wing flaps motors, radio transmitters.
Yes, provided a ferry (special flight) permit is obtained. 113. NAme some advantages of a single-point fueling system.: It
98. Name at least four different types of defects found in reduces fueling time, reduces chances for contamination and
wood?: Knots, checks, splits, pitch pockets, cross grain, curly fire, and eliminates damage to the aircraft skin.
grain, decay, dry rot, etc.. 114. Name some of the factors that cause crazing in transparent
99. Name at least three types of self-plugging mechanical lock plastic windows and windshields?: Exposure to ultraviolet
rivets.: CherryMAX, CherryLOCK, OLYMPIC-LOK, and light, stress, solvents, and improper handling.
HuckLok. 115. Name the basic components of an air-cycle cooling system.:
100. Name at least two conditions that would activate a takeoff The compressor and expansion turbine, heat exchangers, and
configuration warning system in a jet tramsport aircraft.: various valves.
Incorrect leading or lrailing edge flap posistion, stabilizer 116. Name the basic components of an autopilot system.: Gyros,
position, or speed brake not stowed. The manufacturer may servos, a controller, and an amplifier or computer.
establish other conditions. 117. Name the components of a typical airborne VOR navigation
101. Name four types of fuel quantity gauging systems currently system.: A receiver,antennas, frequency selector and a visual
in use.: Sight gauges, mechanical, electric, and electronic display indicator.
gauges. 118. Name the extinguishing agent most commonly used by
102. Name several common types of paint used on aircraft?: high-rate discharge fire extinguishing systems.: Halon
Zink-chromate and wash primers, synthetic enamels, acrylic (Halogenated hydrocarbon type agents), also known as
lacquer, and poyurethane. Freon.
103. Name several facings and core materials used in bonded 119. Name the extinguishing agent most commonly used
honeycomb structures intended for special applications.: conventional fire extinguishing systems.: Carbon dioxide
Stainless steel, titanium, magnesium, plywood, glass, nylon, (CO2)
and cotton cloth. 120. Name the principle components of a vapor-cycle system.: A
104. Name several method for forming sheet metal.: Bending or ccompressor, condenser, expansion valve, and an
folding, stretching, shrinking, bumping, and crimping. evaporator.
105. Name several methods used on reiprocating-engine aircraft 121. Name the three principle types of welding.: Gas welding,
for providing heated cabin air.: Exhaust shroud heat electric arc welding, and electric resistance welding.
exchangers, combustion heaters, and electric heaters. 122. Name the two basic types of fire extinguishing systems..:
106. Name several of the indication errors that may be found in The concentional system and the high-rate discharge system
altimeters.: Scale errors, hysteresis, friction, installation. 123. Name three common types of machine-sewed seams.: Plain
107. Name several secondary flight controls and describe their overlap, folded-fell, and French-fell.
general purpose?: Secondary flight controls consist of 124. Name three mechanical methods by which flight control
various types of trim tabs such as balance tabs, anti-servo and systems may be actuated.: Cables, push-pull rods, and
servo tabs, and spring tabs. Their function is to assist the pilot torque tubes.
in moving the controls and to trim the aircraft to fly hands-
125. Name two differant types of independent cabin air
off.
compressors?: Positive-displacement and centrifugal.
108. Name several sources of pneumatic power.: Storage bottles,
126. Name two problems associated with in-flight opeation of
engine bleed air , engine-driven compressors or vane-type
aircraft windshield wipers.: Insufficient blade pressure
pumps.
caused by aerodynamic forces and failure to osscillate fast
109. NAme several sources used to develop hydraulic pressure.: enough.
Hand pump, engine-driven pumps, and electrically driven
127. Name two types of smoke detection systems used in
pumps.
aircraft.: Light refraction (photoelectric) types and ionization
types.
128. Other than appearance, what is another reason for touvhing 146. What are some other names for a single-point fueling
up painted surfaces?: Reduction or wlimination of general system?: An underwing or pressure fueling system.
corrosion problems. 147. What are the basic components of a radio communication
129. An owner desires to use a progressive inspection program. system?: A microphone, transmitter, transmitting and
to whom does the owner apply for authorization?: To the receiving antennas, receiver, and speaker or headphones.
FAA Flight Standards District Office having jurisdiction over 148. What are the dimensions of a properly formed rivet head?:
the area where the owner is located. The head should be 1-1/2 times the shank diameter in width
130. Prior to making a continuity chec, what must be done to and 1/2 the shank diameter in height.
electrical circuit?: The power must be turned off. 149. What are the effectd of arcing on an electrically heated
131. Provide examples of at least three types of plywood skin windshild?: Localized overheated and damage to the
repairs.: Splayed patches, surface patches, plug patches, and windshied.
scarfed patches. 150. What are the limitations placed on mechanics with regard
132. A static check may be performed on a mannifold pressure to propellers?: Mechanics may not perform major repairs to,
gauge by using what of information?: Current atmospheric ar alterations of, propellers.
pressure. 151. What are the most common causes for delamination of a
133. Under what condition may any checklist be used as a guide composite structure?: Sonic vibration, expansion of internal
for a 100-hour inspection?: The checklist must meet the moisture, liquid leakage, and a manufacturing error.
minimum standards specified in FAR Part 43, Appenddix D. 152. What are the most common sources of power used to
134. Under what conditions may a mechanic perform an annual extend and retract landing gear?: Hydraulic pressure and
inspection and return the aircraft to service?: The mechanic ellctric motors.
must hold an Inspection Authorization. 153. What are the most likely places for a control cable to wear
135. Under what conditions must a switch be derated from its or break?: Where the cables pass over pulleys or through
nominal rating?: When used with inductive citcuits with high fairleads.
in-rush current, and with DC motors. 154. What are the possible effects of kinks and sharp bends in
136. Under what conditions will a landing gear aural warning the sensing element(s) of a fire warning system?: False fire
sound?: When the throttle is retarded and the landing gear is warnings caused by short circuits.
not down and locked. 155. What are the principle methods used to test the condition of
137. Welding magnesium can create a serious safety hazard. fabric?: Punch testers such as the Maule or Seybolt tester,
What is the nature of this hazard?: Magnesium burns with a and laboratory pull-testing.
very hot flame that is very hard to extinguish. 156. What are the reasons for periodically purging a pneumatic
138. Whaen a hydraulic unit is replaced, what precautions should system.: To remove moisture and contaminants.
be taken to avoid contamination of the system?: All lines 157. What are the results of exposing lacquers, oil-based paint,
should be capped or plugged immediately after they are plastic resins, and vinyl compounds to phosphate-ester-
disconnected. based hydraulic fluid?: The materials will be damaged
139. What action is taken to prevent cracks from forming while and/or softened, or the paint will peel.
dimpling magnesium or some hard sheet metals?: Hot 158. What are the sensing elements of an auto system?: Attitude,
dimpling equipment is used to preheat and soften the metal directional, and turning gyros, and an altitude sensor.
before the dimple is formed.
159. What are the sffects of spraying rain repellant on a dry
140. What action must be taken when an oxygen system has windshield?: It smears and streaks, which reduces visibility,
been open to the atmosphere?: The sytem must be purged and it is hard to remove when dry.
of any moisture.
160. What are the sources of heat for thermal anti-icing
141. What aircraft instrument can be used to check a manifold system?: Bleed air from the compressor section of a tubine
pressure gauge for proper indication?: The sensitive engine, engine exhaust heat exchangers and combustion
altimeter. heaters.
142. What aircraft instruments are connected to the pitot-static 161. What are the sources of ventilating air in a combustion
system?: The altimeter, vertical speed indicator, airspeed and heater?: Ram air in flight, blower on the ground, or possibly
mach meter in high-performance jets. a compressor if the airplane is pressurized.
143. What are drip gauges and sight gauges?: Underwing, 162. What are the three axes of an airplane?: Longitudinal,
bayonet-type fuel gauges. lateral, and vertical.
144. What are four most common types of high lift devices?: 163. What are the three most commonly used methods of
Leading and trailing edge flaps, slats, and slots. applying paint?: Dipping, brushing, and spraying.
145. What are some advantages of gas shielded arc welding?: 164. What are the three primary flight controls of an aircraft?:
The weld is stronger, more ductile, and more corrosion The ailerons, elevators, and rudder.
resistant.
165. What are the three sources of power used to drive a 184. What conditions should a mechanic look for during a
gyroscopic turn indicator?: Air from a vacuum or pressure regular inspection of the exposed piston section of a
soirce, or an electric motor. landing gear?: Cleanliness, evidence of damage, and proper
166. What are the three types of accumulators?: Piston, extension.
diaphragm, and bladder. 185. What controls the temperature in a thermal anti-icing
167. What are the three types of glue uses in modern aircraft system?: Hot and cold air are mixed.
construction and repair?: Resorcinol glue, Phenol- 186. What could cause an AC electric motor to run too fast?:
formaldehyde glue, and epoxy resin glue. Excessive applied voltage or shorted feild winding.
168. What are the two common methods of inflating pneumatic 187. What could cause an AC electric motor to run too slowly?:
decer boots?: Bleed air from a turbine engine or the exhaust Lack of lubrication, sefective wiring, or low aplied voltage.
from an engine-driven vacuum pump. 188. What devices are used to provide warnings for a
169. What are the two primary uses for plywood in aircraft retractable landing gear system?: A horn or other aural
construction?: Gusset (or reinforcing) plates and aircraft skin. device, and a red warning light or lights.
170. What are the two reasons for installing a lightening hole in 189. What does BME stand for?: Distance Measuring Equipment
the sheet metal?: Lightening holes reduce the weight and 190. What does the term "ADF" stand for?: Airborne Direction
increase stiffness. Finding (Finder)
171. What are the two special calculations that must be made 191. What does the term "wet wing" mean?: It means that sealed
bending sheet metal?: Bend allowance and setback. portions of the aircraft wing structure form the fuel tank(s).
172. What are the two types of dope used for fabric finishes?: 192. What effects does under-inflation have on aircraft tires?:
Cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate butyrate. Internal heat damage possibly leading to premature tire
173. What are the two types of fuel cells?: Intergral or wet wing failure, and more tread wear on the shoulders than in the
fuel cells, and bladder-type fuel cells. center.
174. What are the usual locations where a carbon monoxide 193. What factors cause spray paint sags and runs?: Inadequate
detector would be installed?: In an aircraft cockpit or cabin. surface preparation or paint sprayed on too thickly.
175. What are the visible signs of excessive heating on a wheel 194. What factors determine the amount of heat delivered by a
bearing?: The bearing surface show discoloration. gas welding torch?: The size of the torch tip and the gas
176. What are three forms of wood commonly used in aircraft pressure.
construction?: Solid, laminated, and plywood. 195. What factors must be considered in order to determine
177. What are two items that should be considered during setback?: The thickness of the metal and the bend radius.
inspection of a magnetic compass?: 1. The fluid must be 196. What factors should be considered when determining the
clear. 2. The housing must be full with no bubbles. 3. The card siZe for a particular application?: The system voltage,
must be legible and the luber line intact. 4. The compass permissible voltage drop. current to be carried, wire length
should be properly calibrated. and whether the load is continuous or intermittent.
178. What causes dope to blush?: High humidity, moisture in the 197. what feature prevents engine damage if an engine-driven
spray system, or application over damp suface. hydraulic pump seizes or is overloaded?: A shear section in
179. What causes"orange-peel"?: Spray pressure too high, use or the pump driveshaft will break, disconnecting the pump from
a thinner that dries too fast, cold temperatures, or a damp the engine.
draft over the surface. 198. What finishing defect is the result of a paint room
180. What color are the navigation lights on the wingtips?: The temperature that is too warm?: Pinholes or blisters.
left wintip is red, the right is green. 199. What frequency range is used by modern voice
181. What colors denote mineral based and phosphate-ester communications systems?: The VHF( very high frequency)
hydraulic fluids?: Mineral based fluids are red and band( 118.0 to 136.975 MHz)
phosphate-ester based fluids are light purple. 200. What happens to ecess pressure in a pnumatic system?: A
182. What components or parts of the airframe must be relief valve vents it overboard.
protected from damae when using paint stripper?: 201. What happens to the air hot air used by a thermal anti-ice
Windshields and windows, plastics, composites, synthetic system after it has heated the surface?: The air is dumped
rubber, and fabrics. (exhausted) overboard.
183. What condition is indicated if the yellow disk is missing in a 202. What happens to the stem of a self-plugging (friction lock)
fire extinguishing system?: The system has been discharged rivet when the rivet is installed?: The stem is pulled until it
normally. snaps off and the remaining projecting part is trimmed flush
with the head.
203. What health and safty precautions must be observed when 220. What is the difference between the tools required to pull a
using the toxic solvents and hinners that are part of modern CherryLOCK rivet and a CherryMAX rivet?: CherryLock
finishing systems?: Respirators and/or masks must be worn rivets require a tool for each different size and head shape,
when spraying finishes. while one pulling tool will set and size CherryMAX rivet.
204. What identification marking is found on the selvage edge, 221. What is the effect of inadeqate penetration on a weld?: The
and in which direction is the warp applied?: The FAA-PMA weld will be weak.
stamp is found on the selvage edge and the warp is applied 222. What is the effect on paint finishes if tpp mush drier is
parallel to the line of flight. added to the paint?: The paint film will be brittle and tend to
205. What important step should be taken prior to making a crack and peel.
cold-patch repair to a deicer boot?: Consult the 223. What is the function of a cable tension regulator?: It
manufacturer's service manual and follow the repair automatically adjusts the cable tension to compensate for
instructions explicitly. expansion and contraction in the aircraft structure.
206. What information does the glideslope beam provide?: 224. What is the function of a Mach airspeed warning system?:
Vertical guidance to enable the aircraft to maintain the To alert the pilot that the never-exceed airspeed limit has
correct descent angle. been reached or exceeded.
207. What information is required before a cable rigging chart 225. What is the function of an anti-skid system?: Anti-skid
can be used?: The ambient temperature and the cable size. system allows large aircraft to achieve maximum braking
208. What instruments are used to monitor electrical system effectiveness without allowing wheels to skid or lock.
loads?: Ammeters and Voltmeters. 226. What is the function of a restrictor in a pneumatic system?:
209. What is a balance trim tab?: It is an auxiliary control To control the rate of flow of the airflow.
designed to create aerodynamic forces to assist in moving a 227. What is the function of a vortex generator?: It is designed
control surface. The tab is positioned by a control rod to delay of prevent separation of the boundary layer.
connected to the fixed surface on the same side as the horn
228. What is the function of the servos in an autopilot system?:
an the tab.
The servos actuate the flight controls.
210. What is a fairlead?: It is a device to prevent a cable from
229. What is the function of the ventilating air in a combustion
rubbing on the aircraft strcture.
heater?: Ventilating air transport the heat from the heater
211. What is a roots blower?: A type of engine-driven into the cabin and prevents combustion gases from entering
compressor. the cabin if the comustion chamber develops a crack.
212. What is a servo trim tab?: It is an auxiliary control, positioned 230. What is the function of VOR equipment?: Navigation
by the movement of a primary control and designed to
231. What is the function or purpose of reinforcing tape?:
create aerodynamic forces to assist in moving a control
Reinforcing tape is used between the fabric and the rib
surface.
stitching to prevent the lacing cord from cutting through the
213. What is a spring tab?: It is an auxiliary control designed to fabric.
aid the movement of a primary control at high speeds when
232. What is the function or zink-chromate or wash primers?:
control forces become too high.
Primers serve to inhibit corrosion and provide a good bond
214. What is a tie-off knot?: A standard, modified seine knot used between the metal and the topcoats.
on all stitches except the starting stitch.
233. What is the major type of damage to aluminum structures
215. What is common method of controlling expansion when that is caused by exposure to the weather?: Corrosion.
welding a joint?: Place tack welds along the length of the
234. What is the maximum number of splices allowed for any
joint.
single spar?: Two.
216. What is done to a corner where two bends intersect to
235. What is the maximum number of terminal lugs that can be
prevent cracking?: Relief holes are drilled in the corner.
placed on a single terminal strip stud?: Four
217. What is meant by warp, weft, and bias?: Warp is the
236. What is the meaning of a yellow arc on an aircraft
direction along the length of the fabric, weft is the direction
instrument?: A caution or limited flight operations range.
across the the fabric at right angles to the warp, and bias is a
direction at a 45 degree angle to the warp and weft. 237. What is the name of the effect that causes a gyro to
respond to an applied force at a ppoint 90 degrees further
218. What is the appearance of a blushing paint finish?: Chalky
in the direction of rotaion.: Gyroscopic precession
or cloudy.
238. What is the name of the unit that prevents a nose wheel
219. what is the device that is used in some systems to
from vibrating of oscillating?: A shimmy damper.
supplement the pump output during periods of high
demand?: An accumulator. 239. What is the power source for an ELT (Emergency Locator
Transmitter)?: An internal battery
240. What is the preferred method for welding aluminum?:
Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding.
241. What is the preferred method of welding magnesium?: 259. What is the time frame within an annual inspection must be
Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding. performed if such an inspection is required?: Within the
242. What is the principal advantage of the envelope method preceding 12 calendar months.
for covering wings?: Almost all the seams are machine- 260. What is the usual means for alerting the crew of a jet
sewed by envelope supplier. transport that the cabin doors are not properly closed?: A
243. What is the proper length for a bonded jumper?: As short as warning light.
practical, but long enough to allow free movment or the 261. What landing gear positions must be indicated by
component. regulations?: Down and locked and up and locked.
244. What is the proper thinner to use with zink-chromaate 262. What maintenance function has the greatest impact on tire
primer?: Toluene service life?: ensuring that the tires are properly inflated.
245. what is the pupose of a torque link on an oleo strut?: To 263. What materials form the bases of the three types of
keep the wheel in alignment and prevent the piston from hydraulicfluids?: Vegetable, mineral, and phosphate-esters.
coming out of the cylinder. 264. What mechanism ensure that a nose wheel is not turned as
246. What is the purpose of a bonding jumper from radio shock it retracts into wheelwell?: Internal centering cams in the
mount to the airframe?: To provide a low-impedance ground strut or an external track.
return. 265. What mechanism is most commonly used to compensate
247. What is the purpose of a debooster?: To resuce hydraulic for the torque produced by the main rotor of a helicopter?:
system high pressure to a lower for more satisfactory brake The tail (or anti-torque) rotor.
action. 266. What methods are used to attach a deicer boot to the
248. What is the purpose of an annunciator system?: To show, by leading edges of the wing and tail surfaces?: Adhesivees,
means of a warning light, that some system parameter fairing strips and screws, or a combination of both.
requies attention by the flight crew. 267. What minimum curing temperature should be observed
249. What is the purpose of an in-transit light associated with an when joining wood with various adhesives?: 70 degrees
electrically operated fuel tank shutoff valve?: To provide an Fahrenheit or as specified by the glue manufacturer.
indication that the valve is in motion between one position 268. What minimum edge distance and spacing should be used
and another. for a single row of protruding head rivets?: Not less than
250. What is the purpose of a slippage mark on an instrument two rivet diameters from the edge and not less than three
glass?: To indicate if the glass has moved, which could cause rivet diameters apart.
incorrect range markings on an instrument that has the range 269. What must be done to a soldering iron tip to increase the
markings painted on the glass. amount of heat transferred from the tip to the work?: The tip
251. What is the purpose of large surface area washers when must be clean of all contaminates and properly tinned.
used on wooden structeres?: Large washers provide 270. What must be done with a damaged area in a bonded
additional bearing area for hardware to help preclude honeycomb structure prior to beginning repairs?: The
damage to the wood when the hardware is tightened. damaged area must be completely removed.
252. What is the purpose of shielding an arc weld with an inert 271. What operating parameter is indicated by a tachometer?:
gas?: The gas prevents atmospheric oxygen and/or nitrogen Engine RPM (i.e, crankshaft or turbine rotor speed)
from contaminating the weld.
272. what paint system may be used with epoxy topcoats?: Any
253. What is the purpose of the flux used with brazing and silver paint system in good condition.
soldering?: The flux cleans the base metal by removing any
273. What part of an aircraft is identified by a white navigation
oxide film.
light?: The tail.
254. What is the purpose of the selvage edge on a roll of
274. What power sources are used to operate windshield
fabric?: It prevents the fabric from unraveling.
wipers?: Electricity or hydraulic pressure.
255. What is the reason for" swinging" a compass and how is it
275. What precautions must be observed in order to weld
accomplished?: To compensate for deviations, caused by
titanium?: All traces of oxygen and nitrogen must be kept
magnetic fields in the aircraft, by adjusting the campensating
away from the weld area.
magnets.
276. What prevents air from leaking out between the two halves
256. What is the relationship between the inside diameter of a
of a split wheel assembly?: An O-ring.
conduit and the outside diamerter of the wire bundle inside
it?: The conduit must be 25% larger than the wire bundle. 277. What prevents overheating of the leading edges of a
thermal anti-ice system operated by engine bleed air?:
257. What is the significance of an anti-skid warning?: The
Overheat sensors signal the anti-icing valves to close and
system is off or has failed.
shut off the hot air.
258. What is the source of pressutization air most jet aircraft?:
278. What procedure is used to hold deicer boots flat with the
Engine bleed air.
airfoil surface during flight?: Suction is applied to the boots.
279. What procedures should be followed regarding gaskets 297. What type of circuit breaker may not be used in an
and seals when replacing fuel system components?: All old aircraft?: An automatic resetting type.
gaskets and seals should be replaced with new ones. 298. What type of damage can occur when using a rivet set that
280. What procedures should be followed to properly remove a does not properly fit the rivet?: If the radius of the set is too
solid-shank rivet?: Center punch the rivet and then drill just small, the rivet head may be damaged, whereas a set with an
to the base of the rivet head with the same size or one size over-sized radius may cause damage to the sheet metal.
smaller drill. Once drilled, use a pin punch to tip off the rivet 299. What type of defect in, or damage to, a bonded
head and drive the remaining shank out of the hole while honeycomb structure can be repaired using the potted
supporting the surrounding metal. repair method?: Filling a hole.
281. What provides the principle means of controlling cabin 300. What type of flame is used when torch brazing of silver
pressure?: The outflow valve. soldering?: A neutral flame.
282. What quanitity is accurately measured by capacitance-type 301. What type of glue may have been used in older wooden
fuel quanitiy indicating system?: The mass of the fuel. aircraft construction that requires careful inspection to
283. What references should be used to determine if a control detect deterioration?: Casein glue.
surface must be checked and/or rebalanced after 302. What type of joint is used to splice a solid or rectangular
painting?: The manufacturers service manual. wood spar?: A scarf joint.
284. What refernces should be consulted to determine the 303. What type of patch should be used to repair small holes in
proper renge markings for aircraft instruments?: The thin plywood skin if the skin is less than 1/10th inch thick?: A
aircraft maintenance manual, aircraft flight manual, Type splayed patch may be used if the hole can be cleared out to
Certificate Data Sheet or aircraft specifications. a diameter of less than 15 thicknesses of the skin.
285. What regulation governs the application of the registration 304. What type of temperature sensing system is normally used
numbers to aircraft registers in the United States?: Far part to measure a turbine engine exhaust gas temperature?: A
45 termocouple-type system.
286. What safety precaution must be taken when removing a 305. What type of wood should be used when splicing or
wheel from an axle or when disassembling a wheel?: Verify reinforcing plywood webs?: The same type of plywood as
that the tire is completely deflated before removing a wheel originally used.
from a axle or before wheel disassebly.
306. What types of components or systems are pneumatically
287. What safty precautions must be taken prior to dissembling operated in some aircraft?: landing gear, brakes, flaps, and
an accumulator?: Release all of the air or preload. other mechanical actuators.
288. What should be done to a heat-treated aluminum part after 307. What types of operations require that aircraft operating
welded repairs are completed?: The part must be re-heat under Part 91 must undergo 100-hour inspections?: Aircraft
treated. operated for compensation or hire, or used for flight
289. What should be done to prevent a plywood patch and the instruction when provided by the flight instructor.
pressure plate from sticking together if glue is extruded 308. What types of synthetic fibers are used for covering
from the joint?: Place a piece of waxed paper or vinyl plastic aircraft?: Fiberglass and heat-shrinkable polyester fibers.
between the patch and the pressure plate.
309. What unit in an anyi-skid system generates the anti-skid
290. What should be done when making bonding or grounding warning signal?: The control unit.
connections between dissimilar materials?: Use a suitable
310. What unit regulates the position of an outflow valve?: The
washer so that any corrosion will occur an the washer.
cabin pressure controller.
291. What should be used to purge an oxygen system of
311. What warning system may be requied when a nickel-
moisture?: Oxygen, dry air, or dry nitrogen.
cadmium battery is installed in an airccraft?: A better
292. What systems are commonly used to activate the landing temperature monitoring system.
gear warning system?: The throttles(thrust levers) and the
312. What would be the effect if dope was used over paint or
wing flaps.
enamel?: The dope tends to dissolve these materials.
293. What technique might be used to enable a tight-fitting
313. What would cause the bypass valve in a hydraulic filter to
inner sleeve to be inserted into a tubular repair?: The inner
open and allow unfiltered fluid to circulate in the system?:
tube could be chilled with dry ice or in a freezer while the
A clogged filter element.
outer tube could be heated slightly with a torch.
314. When a gas welding project is completed, what safety
294. What tool is used to check a motor or generator armature
precautions should be accomplished?: All the valves are
for shorts and opens under load conditions?: A growler
turned off and the gas pressures are relieved.
295. What tool would you use to determine the size of an
315. When an oxyacetylene torch is extinguished, which valve is
unmarked wire?: A wire gauge.
turned off first?: Turn off the acetylene gas valve first.
296. What two types of organic fibers are used for covering
aircraft?: Cotton and linen.
316. When a progressive inspection program is discontinued, at 333. Who is authorized to app;y the range marking to an
what time is the next 100-hour inspection due?: 100 hours instrument dial face?: The manufacturer or a certificated
after the last comp;ete inspection of the progressive instrument repepair station.
program. 334. Why are electronic (capacitance-type) fuel quantity
317. When inspecting wood structues, why might it be important indicating systems more accurate than other types?: They
to consider stains and discolored area?: Stains and measure the mass of the fuel instead of the volume.
discoloration usually accompany decay and/or rot. 335. Why are fusible plugs installed on some aircraft wheels?:
318. When repairing an all-metal aircraft, how do you determine To release the pressure generated by heat built-up before a
what metal should be used?: Always use metal of the same tire blows.
type and thickness as the original structure. 336. Why are lightweight steel bushings sometimes used in
319. When using a Growler, what idication occur when a short wooden structures?: Bushings prevent the wood from being
exists between an armature segment?: When a metal blade crushed when bolts are tightened.
is held over the armature and a short exists in a seglment, the 337. Why are transport category aircraft aircraft equipped with
blade will begin to vibrate and "chatter'. a master caution and warning system?: To alert the crew
320. Where are anti-tear strips used?: Under wing rib stitching that a malfunction has occurred and corrective action may
when the never-exceed speed is greater than 250 mph. be required.
321. Where do you find the regulation that specifies the 338. Why are two antennas usually required for an ILS system?:
operations that make 100-hour inspections mandatory?: The localizer and glideslope signals are transmitted on
FAR Part 91 different frequencies.
322. Where on the aircraft would you expect to find a DME 339. Why do some aircraft have fuel jettison systems?: To allow
antenna?: Generally on the bottom of the fuselage in a the crew to reduce the weight of the aircraft sown to or
location that isn't blocked by wing during turns. below the maximum allowable landing weight.
323. Where would you find information on the acceptable limits 340. Why do some deicer boot systems incorporate an oil
of windshield delamination?: In reference material provided separator?: If a wet pump system is used, the oil must be
by the manufacturer. removed before it reaches the boots because oil damages
324. Where would you locate the procedures for checking and the rubber.
adjusting the landing gear switches?: In the airctaft 341. Why do some pneumaatic deicer boot systems have an
manufacturer's manual. electrically operated timer?: To automatically cycle the
325. Where would you locate the required items that must be boots, provide the proper rest time, and then recycle the
recorded in the aircraft maintenance records following boots.
completion of a 100-hour inspection?: FAR Part 43 342. Why do turbine-engine aircraft have huel temperature
326. Where would you look to find approved information for indicating systems?: To allow the crew to determine if the
work on an aircraft electrical system?: In the manufacturer's fuel is cold enough to produce a danger of the formation of
maintenance manual or other instructions continued ice crystals.
airworthiness. 343. why is butyrate dope safer to use than nitrate dope?: it is
327. Where would you use surface tape?: Over rib stitching and much less flammable
sewed seams, over lapped edges, around corners, and along 344. Why is it important to apply the proper clamping pressure
leading and trailing edges. to a glue joint?: Clamping forces air out of the joint, brings
328. Wher might you locate sample of the recommended the wood surfaces together evenly and is, in part, responsible
ststement for recording the approval for return to service for the strength of the glue line.
of an aircraft following vompletion of an annual or 100-hour 345. Why is it important to consider the open-assembly time
inspection?: FAR Part 43 when gluing wooden structures?: If the maximum open-
329. Which method of welding is less likely to cause buckling or assembly time is exceeded, the joint may fail since the glue
warping of thin metal sheets?: Electric arc (or TIG) welding. may begin setting up before the joint is assembled.
330. Which of the five stresses is the most common cause of 346. Why is it important to use the proper size and weight
rivet failure?: Shear. bucking bar when performing sheet metal riveting?: If a
bucking bar is too large or heavy it may be difficult to control
331. Which of the several types of fabric is unaffected by
and may cause damage to the surrounding structure, whereas
moisture and mildew?: Fiberglass.
a bucking bar that is too light will not properly upset the rivet
332. Who is authoried to supervise a progressive inspection?: before work hardening occurs.
Certifivated A&P mechanics who hold an Inspection
347. Why is it necessary to provide overheat protection for anti-
Authorization, certified repair stations, or the aircraft
ice systems that use turbine engine bleed air?: The air is hot
manufacturer.
enough to cause damage to the aircraft structure.
348. Why is oil added to the refrigerant in a vapor-cycle air conditioning system?: To lubricate the compressor.
349. Why must the beveled cut be accurate on both pieces of wood being repaired with a scarfed joint?: The two pieces must match
exactly to ensure a tight joint.
350. Why should a control surface be locked when an aircraft is parked?: To prevent damage from the wind.
351. Why should the various pieces of wood being joined be kept in the same room for at least 24 hours prior to joining?: To allow
the moisture content to equalize, thereby minimizing dimensional changes in the wood.
352. Why should you avoid cleaning obstrucyons from the sensing holes in a pitot-static system with a tool?: The holes are
aerodymaically critical.
353. Why should you wait for a period of time after fueling an aircraft before checking the fuel sumps?: To allow time for water and
contaminants to settle to the drain point.
354. Why so airplanes with bleed air anti-icing of the wing leading edge have an anti-ice overheat light(s)?: To indicate an over-
temperature condition, usually as the result of a bresk in the bleed air ducts.
355. Why so multi-engine airplanes have fuel crossfeed systems?: To allow any engine to draw fuel from any tank.
356. Why so some fuel tanks have internal baffles?: To resist fuel surging or sloshing caused by chages in the attitude of the aircraft.
357. Why would it be necessary to analyze an eelctrical system before increasing the load on the system?: To determine that the
generator capacity, wire size, and protective device capacity will not be exceeded.
358. Wjat is the signall source in an electrical resistance-type temperature indicating system?: A temperature bulb or sensing
element.