THE

COMPUTER SCIENCE
PH.D. PROGRAM
AT
CARNEGIE MELLON

January 2010

edited by
Mor Harchol-Balter
Frank Pfenning

Computer Science Department

Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh, PA 15213

1
Contents
1 Introduction 3

2 Overview of the Program 4

3 The Immigration Course 5

4 Advisors 6

5 Directed Research 6

6 Course Requirements 7
6.1 Five Area Star Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6.2 Thirty-Six Elective Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6.2.1 Project Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.2.2 Fahlman Teaching Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.2.3 V Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.3 Placing Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

7 Teaching Requirement 11

8 Written and Oral Communication Skills 12

8.1 Writing Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.2 Speaking Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

9 The Thesis Process 15

9.1 Thesis Proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
9.2 All But Dissertation (ABD) Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
9.3 Thesis Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
9.4 Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
9.5 Thesis Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
9.6 Graduation Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

10 The Emigration Course 18

11 Community Spirit 19

12 Graduate Teaching Fellow Program 19

13 Masters Degrees 20

14 Student Support 21
14.1 Academic Year Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
14.2 Summer Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
14.3 Travel Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
14.4 Consulting and Outside Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2
15 Leave of Absence 22

16 Evaluation of Students’ Progress 22

16.1 Components and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
16.2 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
16.3 Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

17 Problems? 25
17.1 Points of Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
17.2 The Doctoral Review Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
17.3 The Ombudsperson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

18 University Policies 26

A Prerequisites to the Area Star Courses 27

B Time Estimates 29

C Ph.D. Specializations 30
C.1 Algorithms, Combinatorics, and Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . 30
C.2 Neural Basis of Cognition Training Program . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
C.3 Pure and Applied Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

D Dual Degree Program with Portugal 33

E Self-Defined Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Programs 34

3
1 Introduction
Carnegie Mellon’s Computer Science Ph.D. program aims to produce well-
educated researchers, teachers, and future leaders in Computer Science. The
Ph.D. degree is a certification by the faculty that the student has a broad edu-
cation in Computer Science and has performed original research in the area.
This document is an informal description of the Computer Science Ph.D. pro-
gram; herein “we” refers to all the faculty and staff involved in the Ph.D. pro-
gram. Currently, the Department Head is Randal Bryant, Interim Chair; the
Director of Graduate Programs is Mor Harchol-Balter and the Graduate Pro-
grams Administrator is Deb Cavlovich;.
To complete the Ph.D. degree, we require that each student
• Participate in directed research

• Pass 96 university units worth of graduate courses, with certain distribu-

tion requirements
• Serve as a teaching assistant at least twice
• Demonstrate oral and written communication skills

• Write and orally defend a thesis, a significant piece of original research in

a specialized area of Computer Science
We are committed to the principle that students may achieve competence
through a variety of methods, including courses, seminars, projects, and inde-
pendent study. We consider each student’s individual strengths, weaknesses,
and interests in designing the best method for the student to fulfill these re-
quirements. Our program is unique in that we encourage and expect students
to engage in research from their first day in the Department.
To help students fulfill these requirements, we provide these educational
opportunities:

• An active research environment

• The Immigration Course, intended to give an overview of the research
interests of the faculty and to familiarize new students with the people
and facilities of the Department
• A large number of graduate courses: regularly offered area courses in algo-
rithms and complexity, artificial intelligence, computer systems, program-
ming languages, and software systems; advanced graduate area courses;
special topics courses; practicum courses; and reading seminars—together
covering a broad range of areas in Computer Science
• The Emigration Course, intended to groom students for success in their
post-graduate careers

4
 The entire faculty meet twice a year to evaluate each student’s progress.
A student demonstrates progress by passing courses, doing directed research,
teaching, fulfilling the skills requirements, and doing thesis work. While stu-
dents are encouraged to shape an educational program to suit their needs, fi-
nancial support and/or permission to continue in the Ph.D. program depends
on satisfactory progress each semester along at least some of these categories.

2 Overview of the Program

Carnegie Mellon’s Ph.D. in Computer Science is, above all, a research degree.
When the faculty award a Ph.D., they certify that the student has a broad foun-
dation in Computer Science, has advanced the field by performing significant
original research, and has reported that work in a scholarly fashion.
Before embarking on original research, we expect students to acquire a body
of technical knowledge that includes a familiarity with the breadth of Computer
Science as well as a deep understanding of a specialized area. The Immigration
Course is the first step in this process, exposing the student to the many on-
going research activities and projects in the Department and School. Next,
through structured coursework the student gains a broad understanding of the
fundamental research issues in major areas of Computer Science, and has the
opportunity to gain a deep understanding in the student’s area of specialization.
Finally, the thesis work itself guarantees that the student understands the area
well enough to advance the state of knowledge in the field.
Below we sketch the progress of a typical student through the program. Since
the program is flexible, the careers of some students depart from this script at
one or more points.
Around the start of October of the first year, each student is matched with
a suitable advisor, who helps the student pursue directed research in an area of
mutual interest. If the student’s research interests change, he or she is free to
change advisors at any time.
During the first two years of the program, the student begins to gain the
foundation of knowledge that will allow him or her to go on and become an
expert researcher in Computer Science, primarily through the following two
ways:

• By mastering a body of graduate material, achieved by passing 96 uni-

versity units worth of graduate courses. Ninety-six units is equivalent to
eight full-time (12-unit) courses.
• By learning how to organize and begin to carry out original research,
achieved by participating in directed research. What constitutes directed
research is decided individually between the student and his or her advisor.

Twice, usually during the first three or four years, the student serves as
a teaching assistant. While teaching or taking courses, we expect students to
spend at least half their time doing directed research.

5
 Our environment provides a myriad of opportunities for students to hone
their writing and speaking abilities and to maintain their programming finesse.
We expect students to satisfy their communications skills requirements within
their first three years.
Each 12-unit course should require no more than a quarter of the student’s
time during any one semester. So, typically a student tries to complete all
coursework by the end of two years, at which point the student becomes involved
in full-time research and starts thinking about research directions for a thesis.
As the student’s thesis research direction becomes clear, the student writes a
thesis proposal and assembles a thesis committee with help from the student’s
advisor. The student then completes and defends the thesis, and graduates.
Students, especially those who are about to finish, are encouraged to attend
Emigration Course events. Participation is completely voluntary.
For students who have a strong desire to teach, we offer a special Gradu-
ate Teaching Fellow program. Students who opt to complete this program are
rewarded with a special letter of commendation signed by the Department Head.
All requirements in the Ph.D. program must be fulfilled by work actually
carried out at Carnegie Mellon University, with the exception of the dual degree
program with several Portuguese universitites. Work done elsewhere cannot be
accepted for satisfying CSD requirements; rare exceptions must be approved by
the Director of Graduate Programs.
The Ph.D. program provides each student with a periodic evaluation of his
or her progress. Continuation in the Ph.D. program is contingent on making
satisfactory progress.

3 The Immigration Course

The Immigration Course (IC) is intended to provide a common starting point
for the entering Ph.D. students. It is organized as a short, intensive two to three
week session at the beginning of the semester. The IC’s goals are
• To orient students new to the Department, through introductions to peo-
ple (faculty, staff, other students) and through social activities.
• To introduce students to various research and educational topics of current
interest to the faculty.
• To give students an opportunity to find a suitable research advisor.
• To familiarize students with the computing facilities and environment at
Carnegie Mellon.
These goals are fulfilled through a program of lectures, poster sessions,
demonstrations, and tours of laboratories. Enough open hours are scheduled
to allow students to meet with faculty individually to learn more about their
research. Since all first-year graduate students are required to attend the IC,
regular graduate courses for all CS Ph.D. students do not start till the intensive
part of the IC is over.

6
4 Advisors
Except during their first month in the program, each student has a faculty ad-
visor charged with guiding the education and monitoring the progress of the
student through the program. This personal student-advisor relationship en-
sures that every student receives the necessary faculty mentoring. Throughout
the program, the advisor is responsible for guiding the student’s research and
education. Early in the program, the advisor guides the student along some
research initiative and helps with strategic planning for courses and other ed-
ucational activities. Later, the advisor helps to focus the student’s research
interests towards a thesis topic. Toward the end of the program, the advisor
chairs the student’s thesis committee, and helps to select the other members of
the committee. The advisor also provides the student with career advice.
How are advisors initially chosen? After a little over a month at CMU, en-
tering students are matched with faculty advisors by the “handshake” process.
Students list faculty preferences and faculty list student preferences; a commit-
tee then matches each student with a faculty member, taking into consideration
each of their preferences and other factors. Students base their faculty prefer-
ences on research interests. They can learn about an individual faculty member’s
research interests by attending the faculty’s research presentation during the IC,
by reading the Department’s annual Faculty Research Guide, and from meeting
individually with different faculty members during their first month here.
There is flexibility in the kind of relationship a student has with his or her
advisor. Some students work more closely with their advisors than any other
faculty member, and some students work more closely with another faculty
member on a particular research project. A few students have two co-advisors.
While it must be approved by the Director of Graduate Programs, a request
to switch advisors is routine and almost always granted for a student in good
standing, especially during the early part of the degree program. It often results
from an evolution of the student’s research interests.
A student may be advised by any SCS teaching or research faculty member.
Some faculty from outside SCS may also have advising privileges which are
granted by the Department Head.

5 Directed Research
During a student’s first two years, he or she should be doing directed research
at least half time; once all coursework is completed and before doing thesis
research, full time (except when teaching). Different students, and different
advisors, have different ideas of what directed research means and how progress
can be demonstrated. It is the responsibility of both the student and his or
her advisor to formulate for each semester a set of reasonable goals, plans, and
criteria for success in conducting directed research.
At each semi-annual graduate student review meeting, the faculty assess the
student’s previous semester’s research progress and the student’s next semester’s

7
research plans to ensure that the student is making satisfactory progress. The
evaluation of a student’s progress in directed research often depends on the
student having produced some tangible result; examples include the implemen-
tation of pieces of a software system, a written report on research explorations,
an annotated bibliography in a major area, or, as part of preparation for doing
research, a passing grade in a graduate course (beyond the required 96 required
units).
Advisors are individually responsible for adequately supervising this portion
of the Ph.D. program.

6 Course Requirements
The purpose of completing 96 university units worth of graduate courses is to
cover breadth across many areas in and beyond computer science. By taking five
star courses, one per five areas, students acquire breadth through exposure to
basic knowledge, concepts, and skills in five different areas in computer science.
Through the equivalent of three elective courses, students typically choose to
gain more depth in the student’s particular area of research. Some students use
electives to gain more breadth by specialized exposure to an area outside of the
student’s research area and even outside of computer science.
Syllabi for all courses are monitored by the Doctoral Review Committee
(DRC). Homework and exams in each course are limited to its prerequisite
material and topics covered by its syllabus.

6.1 Five Area Star Courses

Each student must pass one star course from each of these areas:

• Algorithms and Complexity

• Artificial Intelligence

• Computer Systems
• Programming Languages
• Software Systems

Each area lists from one to three star courses offered for the year. Each star
course is 12 university units.
Star courses differ from non-star courses in that (1) they assume an un-
dergraduate background in the relevant area—no more and no less; (2) they
are meant to be accessible to all Computer Science graduate students, not just
those in the area; and (3) they are offered on a regular basis so students can
plan ahead.
Through these star courses we expect students not only to learn a breadth of
technical material in Computer Science, but also to learn about and appreciate

8
the different areas’ research styles. The problems of interest, approaches to
solving them, and analyses of their solutions differ across areas; often someone
working in one area can be inspired by following an approach from a different
area.
We attempt to schedule these courses so that students can complete all five
in a one-year period; however, since we expect students to be engaged in directed
research at least half-time, a typical student should plan to complete their five
star courses over a two-year period.
Below is a list of the star courses we offer; this list is subject to change over
time and may not always reflect current status.

• Algorithms and Complexity

∗ Algorithms
∗ Complexity Theory

• Artificial Intelligence
∗ Advanced AI Concepts
∗ Machine Learning
∗ Planning, Execution, and Learning

• Computer Systems
∗ Computer Architecture
∗ Optimizing Compilers for Modern Architecture
• Programming Languages

∗ Type Systems for Programming Languages

∗ Semantics of Programming Languages
• Software Systems
∗ Advanced Operating Systems and Distributed Systems
∗ Database Management Systems
∗ Networking

6.2 Thirty-Six Elective Units

Students must also take 36 university units worth of elective courses, at least 24
of which are from graduate courses offered by the School of Computer Science
(not just the Computer Science Department); the other 12 may be from graduate
courses offered by the rest of the University. These graduate courses must be
level 700 or above.
There is no explicit breadth or depth requirement. Students may use elec-
tives to gain additional depth of knowledge in the student’s research area, e.g.,
to complement their directed research or to prepare them for choosing a thesis

9
topic. Students may also use electives to gain additional breadth of knowledge
in an area outside of the student’s research area.
Though students typically take courses to satisfy the elective units require-
ment, there are three other means of passing these units: doing an internal
project, carrying out an external project, or teaching a graduate course. For
students in some areas such as algorithms, it might make more sense to take
advanced courses; for students in other areas such as software systems, it might
make more sense to do a project. For those who like to reinforce knowledge
by teaching, we provide the opportunity to obtain elective credit by being a
teaching assistant.
We strongly advise students to choose electives in consultation with their ad-
visor. The student and his or her advisor are both responsible for making sure
that through these 36 elective units the student gains new knowledge, perhaps
to fill gaps or to prepare for thesis research. They are also responsible for bal-
ancing how a student fulfills these units (through courses, projects, or teaching),
taking into consideration the student’s career goals, and the student’s strengths
and weaknesses in research, teaching, communication skills, and programming
ability.
Students are free to take more than the required number of elective units.

6.2.1 Project Unit

One way to obtain elective unit credit is through a faculty-directed project.
Doing a project has the same primary goal of taking a course: the acquisition
of knowledge. As a side benefit of doing a project a student often learns new
research skills.
Here are some rules-of-thumb for considering what qualifies as a project
which may be used for elective credit:
• The scope of the material learned should broaden the student’s education;
it should not be too narrow.
• The work should be something other than that which would otherwise be
done as part of the student’s directed research or as part of the research
project run by the student’s advisor.
• A student should be able to complete the project working full time for no
more than one month (or quarter time for one semester). The time frame
for doing the project does not have to respect semester boundaries, but a
deadline for completion should be set.
• The project should have a written component resulting in a paper or
technical report that demonstrates a high quality of writing.
• The project should also have an oral component requiring that the student
present a brief (seminar length) description of the work performed. The
student is responsible for scheduling the talk, and the project advisor is
required to attend. The talk may be given externally.

10
 To get a project approved for elective credit, a student submits a short (1-
2 page) description of the project, written with the guidance of the project
advisor. The proposal should clearly explain how the proposed work addresses
the educational goals of the student.
Every project must be approved by two faculty members and the Director
of Graduate Programs. The two faculty members are the project advisor and
the student’s regular advisor. In the case that the regular advisor is also the
project advisor, the student and advisor need to select some other appropriate
faculty member to evaluate the proposed work independently.

6.2.2 Fahlman Teaching Unit

Another way to get elective unit credit is by being a teaching assistant for one
of the Ph.D. star courses. We call such elective credit a “Fahlman Unit,” named
after its proposer. To qualify, a student must have already taken and passed
the course for which he or she plans to be a teaching assistant. Again, in the
spirit of the educational objectives of coursework, doing a Fahlman Unit should
broaden the student’s education. Students who wish to do a Fahlman Unit
should contact the Director of Graduate Programs who coordinates with the
student’s advisor and course’s instructor in approving the credit.
The two teaching assistant (TA) requirements (see below) are completely
separate from Fahlman Units. A student may not use one course to satisfy
simultaneously elective units and a TA requirement.

6.2.3 V Unit
A third way to obtain elective unit credit is to carry out an external project,
exploring, for example, the role of computer science in society, or articulating a
vision for new multi-disciplinary research involving computer science. A V Unit
must be preceded by a proposal, to be approved by a faculty advisor and the
Director of Graduate Programs. More information on the V Unit can be found
at http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~vunit.

6.3 Placing Out

There are two kinds of placing out: substitutions and waivers. Either can be
done on the basis of previous graduate coursework. There might be exceptional
cases, for example, students with extensive work experience.
Substitution is when a student takes a non-star Ph.D.-level course instead
of a star course. For example, if a student took courses in advanced operating
systems, distributed systems, databases, and networking already, instead of
taking one of our Software Systems star courses, he or she might wish to use the
Mobile Computing course to satisfy the Software Systems area requirement. In
essence, substitution gives the student another free elective, where the choice is
somewhat limited (to courses within the area).

11
 The mechanism for substitution is to obtain approval from the relevant in-
structors in charge of both courses and from the Area Advocate. Each year the
DRC identifies an Area Advocate, someone who is not the course instructor, for
each of the five areas. We use the term “Advocate” because, like a lawyer, he
or she speaks on behalf of the student who desires to place out. Requests for
substitution should mostly be granted. Currently, the area advocates are
• Artificial Intelligence: Tuomas Sandholm
• Algorithms: Danny Sleator
• Computer Systems: Seth Goldstein

• Programming Languages: Frank Pfenning

• Software Systems: Peter Steenkiste
Waiving a course requirement implies reducing the total number of units
a student must take. For example, a student transferring to Carnegie Mellon
from another Ph.D. program might be able to get waivers for two star courses
already taken elsewhere. However, the department requires that a minimum of
24 university units be taken at Carnegie Mellon.
The mechanism for the waiver of a course requirement is for the student to
contact the Director of Graduate Programs or the responsible Area Advocate
with the course syllabus and other supporting materials used in the course
taken already. The final decision made by the Director of Graduate Programs,
in consultation with the Area Advocate and relevant Carnegie Mellon course
faculty, may be immediate or conditional, based on having the student either
(1) take and pass an oral exam (conducted by the Area Advocate and the
instructor(s) of the course to be waived), or (2) take and pass its final exam.
Doing a side project is not a possible condition for waiving a course requirement.
Since we take a lot of pride in our graduate courses and try to provide unique
educational experiences, and also because our overall course load is quite light,
we expect outright waivers (as opposed to course substitutions) to be relatively
rare.

7 Teaching Requirement
The ability to teach is an important skill for all scientists, not only for those
who plan to teach after completing their degrees. Teaching skills include the
ability to communicate technical material ranging from elementary to advanced,
and to communicate technical material to audiences ranging from general to
specialized. Thus, we expect students to develop and exercise teaching skills as
part of their graduate education.
Students have ample opportunities to present advanced material while work-
ing on research projects, by participating in research seminars and by giving
practice conference talks. To gain experience in presenting more elementary

12
material, we require that all graduate students help teach two courses. The
norm is for students to teach one introductory-level undergraduate course and
one advanced-level undergraduate course. Current policy (which is subject to
change from semester to semester) is that graduate star courses in the Com-
puter Science Department with an enrollment of 20 or more are also eligible for
TA credit. In particular, star courses in other units in the School of Computer
Science, or advanced graduate courses are not eligible for satisfying the teaching
requirement.
It is important that all teaching that is to count towards the teaching require-
ment must be assigned and approved in advance by the responsible administra-
tor, which is the Assistant Dean for Undergraduate Education for undergraduate
courses (currently Mark Stehlik), and the Director of Graduate Programs for
graduate courses (currently Mor Harchol-Balter). Students’ preferences will be
taken into account, but cannot always be honored.
We encourage students to teach more than twice. At the semi-annual eval-
uation of students the faculty give special recognition to those who do an out-
standing job as a TA and to those who teach beyond the required load. The
School of Computer Science offers a TA workshop which we encourage students
to take advantage of.

8 Written and Oral Communication Skills

To be a well-rounded computer scientist each student should have not just basic
knowledge, but also the abilities

• To communicate technical ideas clearly in writing

• To communicate technical ideas clearly orally

We also expect students to be able to program, but there is no formal check-

point to certify programming skills. It is left up to the advisor and student to
make sure the student has the necessary skills.

8.1 Writing Skills

To satisfy the written communication skill requirement each student must write
a scholarly document, as either its sole author or its primary author (if co-
authored), that is at least the quality of a Carnegie Mellon technical report.
The student obtains written final approval of the document from at least two
faculty members and one graduate student. A co-author on a paper can not
be a reviewer of that paper to satisfy the writing requirement, and one of the
reviewers must be a member of the Department of Computer Science.
This document must be a scholarly paper with references to the literature
that could be sent for peer review. It can be
• A technical report

13
 • A submitted, accepted, or published conference or journal paper (rejected
papers may count since sometimes conference program committees and
journal editorial boards have their own agendas)
• A document written to satisfy a course requirement (e.g., a course project’s
final report)

• A comprehensive survey paper, e.g., suitable for ACM Computing Surveys

Annotated bibliographies, user manuals, and reference manuals do not qual-
ify because they do not require the same kind of explication, organization, and
summarization skills needed to write a conference- or journal-like publication.
It cannot be

• The thesis proposal

• The thesis

The student should iterate with at least one faculty member, not neces-
sarily the advisor, in writing this document. To determine whether the writ-
ing requirement has been satisfied, the student eventually must get at least
two faculty members and one graduate student to read the document, to pro-
vide written feedback by filling out a Writing Review Form (available from the
Graduate Program Adminstrator or at http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~csd-grad),
to meet and discuss this feedback, and to give final approval by signing the
form accordingly. The student then gives these three (or more) signed forms to
the Graduate Program Administrator who keeps copies in the student’s file and
indicates in the student’s records that the requirement has been satisfied.
Students are responsible for asking the appropriate faculty members and
graduate student to help them with satisfying their writing requirement.
We expect students to be able to satisfy this requirement within their first
three years and prior to their thesis proposal.
Computer Science Ph.D. students are welcome to enroll in the undergradu-
ate communications course, required of undergraduate majors, to enhance their
writing skills; however, taking it does not serve to satisfy the written commu-
nication skills requirement.

8.2 Speaking Skills

The Department and School provide many opportunities for students to practice
their speaking skills. Here are just a few:

• Research area seminar series (AI, CS, Logic, POP, PS, Theory)
• Research unit seminar series (MLD, HCII, LTI, Robotics)
• Regular lunchtime talks (e.g., SDI lunch, Graduate Student Seminar Se-
ries)

14
 • Research area group meetings (e.g., Machine Learning, SSSG, Multicom-
puter)
• Oral presentations in regular graduate courses or as part of a project
course (see Section 6.2.1)

• Recitations, tutorials, and guest lectures (as a teaching assistant)

To satisfy the oral communication skill requirement each student should give
a public talk at Carnegie Mellon. The talk is scheduled so that members of the
standing committee, the Speakers Club, can attend, evaluate the student’s talk,
and provide oral and written feedback to the student.
This talk must be accessible to a general Computer Science audience. It
should be advertised as “In Partial Fulfillment of the Speaking Requirement”
so the audience knows what kind of feedback the student is seeking and so
all interested and available Speakers Club members can mark their calendars
accordingly.
Students should be able to use existing forums (e.g., those listed above) to
give their talk, and thereby avoid having to schedule a special talk. Of course it
is acceptable if the student wants to schedule a special time and date, but the
student should take care to ensure that an audience beyond the three required
members of the Speakers Club (two faculty and one student) is present at the
talk. The Speakers Club “robot” helps students schedule their talks, ensures a
quorum of Speakers Club members is met, and reminds Speakers Club members
of their responsibility and commitment to attend talks. Due to contention for
popular times (especially the Student Seminar Series), talks must be scheduled
at least three weeks in advance.
All Speakers Club members are welcome to attend the advertised talk. Im-
mediately after the talk, those members in attendance confer among themselves
(with the student absent) about the talk. They also each fill out a Speaking
Review Form, available from the Graduate Program Administrator. If at least
two faculty members and one graduate student member of the Speakers Club
grade the student’s talk to be “Good” or better, then the student passes. If
not, the student will be required to give another talk. After a decision has been
made, one of the attending faculty members volunteers to discuss the feedback
and outcome privately with the student.
After the talk, whether the student passes or not, he or she takes all signed
forms to the Graduate Program Administrator who keeps copies in the student’s
file and marks in the student’s records the attempt or the completion of this
requirement. Much of this part of the process is like what happens after a
thesis proposal presentation or thesis defense; the focus here, however, is on
oral communication skills.
As with writing, speaking well takes practice. Satisfying this requirement
might take a few tries on the student’s part. For students who are naturally
good speakers or are already experienced speakers, one try may suffice. No
stigma is attached to those who have to try more than once.

15
9 The Thesis Process
The thesis must describe a significant piece of original research work. It is evi-
dence of proficiency, high attainment, and ability to do research in a specialized
area of computer science.
A more extensive checklist with specific information on the thesis proposal
and thesis defense is available at http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~csd-grad. Every
student must read and adhere to these more detailed process rules.

9.1 Thesis Proposal

The student submits a written proposal to the Faculty. The student also orally
presents the thesis proposal to interested faculty and students in a public collo-
quium.
A thesis proposal should
• Explain the basic idea of the thesis topic (e.g., the problem to be solved
and the approach to solving it)
• Argue why that topic is interesting (e.g., what contributions to the field
would be made in carrying out the proposed work)
• State what kind of results are expected
• Argue that these results are obtainable within a reasonable amount of
time

• Demonstrate the student’s personal qualifications for doing the proposed

work
The main purpose of the thesis proposal is to convince the faculty that
the chosen thesis topic is significant and that the student’s approach has a
reasonable chance of success. A thesis proposal gives the faculty the opportunity
to pass such judgment at the start of the work and not at the end. We want to
minimize the chance that a thesis will be turned down when almost completed.
We expect students to present their thesis proposals as early as possible, not
halfway through writing the thesis. A thesis proposal should be short, about
15–20 pages.
A thesis proposal should not be
• A dry run for the thesis
• A summary or abstract of the thesis
• The first chapter or part of the thesis

• A technical report
• A survey of the field

16
 • An annotated bibliography
Any included list of references or bibliography should serve the purpose of
supporting the assessment of the state of the art and the student’s personal
qualifications.
To provide ample notice to the public, at least one week in advance of the
oral presentation, students should provide the Graduate Program Administra-
tor with one hardcopy of the thesis proposal, an on-line copy of the proposal’s
abstract, and a list of the thesis committee members, including the external
member. The Graduate Programs Administrator posts the public announce-
ment of the thesis proposal presentation.
Please remember that at least three thesis committeee members (including
the Chair) must be physically present for the thesis proposal.
Upon completion of the thesis proposal the student must complete a Doctoral
Candidate Contractual Agreement Form provided by the Graduate Programs
Administrator.

9.2 All But Dissertation (ABD) Policy

After the presentation of an acceptable thesis proposal, and satisfying all other
requirements except for the dissertation and its oral defense, students are re-
garded as “all but dissertation” (ABD). Once students achieve ABD status, their
doctoral candidacy continues for a maximum of seven full academic years, unless
terminated earlier by conferral of the degree or by academic or administrative
action.
An ABD candidate may choose to continue as a regular student, or to be in
absentia (ABS).
ABS - Off Campus: Students who leave CMU but plan to continue working
on the thesis will be classified as ABS. These students should not require sub-
stantial use of university resources, but are permitted use of the libraries and
consultation with faculty or students as necessary. While a candidate is ABS
no formal enrollment or payment of tuition is required, with the exception of
the academic semester in which the degree requirements are completed. A can-
didate who is ABS is required to enroll for a minimum of five units during the
academic semester in which the degree requirements are completed. Charges
for these units are normally the responsibility of the candidate.
Since an ABS candidate will not be certified by the University as a “student”
for immigration purposes, non-resident alien students who become ABD should
not choose to become ABS.
ABD - On Campus: Students who are self-supporting and are in ABD status
may remain on campus to complete the thesis. They must register and pay for a
minimum of five units each semester. However, students who receive a stipend
predicated on their status as a graduate student and paid by or administered by
the university will be required to register for a minimum of 36 research units.
Nearly every ABD student in CS falls into this latter category.

17
9.3 Thesis Committee
The student’s advisor chairs the thesis committee. All other committee mem-
bers, including the external member, should be agreed upon before the thesis
proposal presentation. Members of the student’s committee must accept the
responsibility of meeting with the student regularly to ensure that the research
is progressing in the right direction. The thesis committee should be composed
of at least three members who are on the SCS faculty and one member from
outside. Normally at least two members are CSD faculty. The external member
may be from another department at Carnegie Mellon, or (typically) from outside
the University. All thesis committees are subject to departmental approval.
Please remember that at least three thesis committeee members (including
the Chair) must be physically present for the thesis proposal and defense.

9.4 Thesis
The thesis must describe a piece of original research work and must describe it
well. It is on this basis that the Department certifies the qualifications of the
new Ph.D. Furthermore, it is the most important basis on which the scientific
community judges the initial achievement and potential of that individual.

9.5 Thesis Defense

The student’s thesis committee decides whether to accept the thesis based on
its content and the outcome of the thesis defense, which is a public presentation
describing the contributions of the thesis. At least one week in advance of the
oral presentation, students must provide the Graduate Programs Administrator
with one hardcopy of the thesis abstract, an on-line copy of the abstract, and
a list of all thesis committee members. The Graduate Programs Administrator
posts the public announcement of the thesis defense.
Before the thesis defense, the entire thesis committee is expected to have
read the entire thesis, to have given comments to the candidate, and to have
given approval for scheduling the public defense. This means that a copy of the
complete thesis document should be provided to the whole thesis committee a
minimum six weeks in advance of any proposed date for the defense. Significant
deviations from this rule must be approved by the Director of Graduate Pro-
grams. Committee members should meet briefly before the thesis presentation
to discuss any issues.
The presentation by the candidate is normally about 45 minutes, followed by
a question-and-answer period which may be as long as needed. Please remember
that at least three thesis committeee members (including the Chair) must be
physically present for the thesis defense. The thesis committee chair (advisor)
determines who may ask questions and in what order and brings the discussion
to a close at the appropriate time. The question-and-answer period is followed
by a closed-door session attended by only the members of the thesis committee
and any interested faculty members. The options of the committee are:

18
 • To approve without corrections
• To approve subject to minor changes, to be approved later by the thesis
chair only
• To require a resubmission after major changes and reapproval of the entire
committee
• Not to approve the thesis

All members of the committee are required to sign a Final Oral Examination
card, indicating that the student has passed the thesis oral examination. In
addition, the thesis committee chair, the Department Head, and the Dean sign
a final certification sheet when the student submits the final version of the thesis.

9.6 Graduation Certification

The Graduate Programs Administrator maintains a checklist of procedures for
scheduling the thesis oral presentation and completing the other requirements
for graduation. The Graduate Programs Administrator certifies fulfillment of
requirements for graduation only when the final version of the thesis has been
approved by the thesis committee, the Department Head, and the Dean. Stu-
dents are not allowed to participate in commencement exercises unless final
certification has been made.
If the final copy of the thesis is not submitted within one year of the thesis
defense, the faculty may require a second defense before making a final certifi-
cation.

10 The Emigration Course

In addition to doing research and taking courses, students also learn leadership
and survival skills as part of their education in the Ph.D. program. Most directly,
they obtain these skills through their advisors. To supplement this personal
mentoring, we offer the Emigration Course. Whereas the Immigration Course
prepares entering students for their graduate career while at Carnegie Mellon,
the Emigration Course grooms finishing students for their career afterward.
The Emigration Course is structured as a series of talks offered throughout
the year and focuses on five topics: Jobs, The Real World, Money, Ethics,
and Communication. These talks cover nuts-and-bolts issues like how to job
interview, how to apply for grant money, and how to write a technical paper.
They also expose students to traditional and non-traditional career paths in
academia, industry, and government.
Participation is open to the entire SCS community and is completely vol-
untary. More senior students, especially those planning to finish in any given
year, are encouraged to attend sessions offered that year; however, even junior
students can benefit from attending, to prepare for a smooth transition from
life as a student to life in the real world.

19
11 Community Spirit
Our sense of community is well-known as a distinguishing aspect of doing com-
puter science at Carnegie Mellon. It is one of the reasons many students choose
to come here. The Computer Science Department is proud of our strong commu-
nity spirit, which we foster through close working relationships between students
and advisors, among faculty, and among students. Many working relationships
turn into friendships for life.
Luckily, our community works. People volunteer their time, energy, intellect,
talent, and other skills to do many of the things that keep our environment run-
ning smoothly. These efforts include organizing seminars, maintaining software
packages, serving on departmental committees, grading for a graduate course,
planning and running social activities, giving tours, and hosting visitors.
We are initiating a new web-based mechanism to provide a way for students
to volunteer for activities they enjoy doing and to inform the community of
the activities that need volunteers. See http://www.grad.cs.cmu.edu/. This
“SCS Community Page” serves the entire School of Computer Science and is
open to all graduate students in the school. This service is run entirely by
students.

12 Graduate Teaching Fellow Program

To encourage and recognize exemplary activities in teaching and education by
Ph.D. students, we offer the Graduate Teaching Fellow program as part of the
Computer Science Ph.D. program. Students who successfully complete this pro-
gram are rewarded with a letter that documents the teaching accomplishments
of the student and explains the requirements that were satisfied to complete the
Teaching Fellow program. The letter is written and signed by the Department
Head. There is no special designation on the Ph.D. diploma itself.
Any CSD Ph.D. student in good standing is eligible to enter the Teaching
Fellow program, and may remain as long as good standing is maintained. Par-
ticipation in the Teaching Fellow program does not in any way reduce or replace
any of the usual Ph.D. requirements. Progress through the Teaching Fellow pro-
gram is monitored by a faculty member appointed for this purpose (henceforth
referred to as the Teaching Fellow Monitor) and the DRC. The Ph.D. student
is responsible for lining up the Teaching Fellow Monitor, who may or may not
be the student’s advisor.
The following are the requirements for completion of the Graduate Teaching
Fellow Program:

1. Completion of at least six teaching seminars at the University’s Eberly

Center for Teaching Excellence.
2. At least one semester-long teaching experience involving significant re-
sponsibility for course content, delivery, and management. This teaching

20
 experience may take the place of one semester of the normal teaching re-
quirement, though in many cases it is expected that this experience will
be carried out as an additional semester of teaching.
(a) For course content, the Teaching Fellow should be personally involved
(typically jointly with a Lecturer or Professor) in the creation of
a significant number of the course topics and materials, including
elements such as the syllabus, lecture notes, homework assignments,
projects, and exams. Any materials written by the Teaching Fellow
may be submitted to the Monitor for review.
(b) For course delivery, the Teaching Fellow should give a significant
number of lectures/recitations in the course. At least two of the
lectures/recitations must be observed and reviewed by the Center
for Teaching.
(c) For course management, the Teaching Fellow should be involved in
a significant number of management activities, e.g., organizing and
directing of other teaching assistants and graders, calculating mid-
semester or final grades, and arranging for special classroom or lab-
oratory facilities. If the Teaching Fellow is acting as a teaching as-
sistant to an instructor, the instructor will be asked to comment on
the management activities of the Teaching Fellow, for review by the
Monitor.

Any teaching experience, if it is to be used to satisfy this requirement,

must be approved in advance by the DRC.
3. Submission and review, by the Teaching Fellow Monitor, of a “tangible
contribution” to education. Typically, this material would include course
notes, syllabi, exams, homework, and course-related software. Other pos-
sibilities include outcomes from participation in curriculum and course
design efforts.

Opportunities for significant teaching responsibility may be hard to find, so

we encourage students to seek help from the Director of Graduate Programs,
the Teaching Fellow Monitor, and the DRC. We also strongly encourage faculty
to consider co-teaching arrangements with prospective Teaching Fellows. The
Director of Graduate Programs has a separate document that contains a detailed
rationale for having the Teaching Fellows program.

13 Masters Degrees
A student may petition the faculty for a Masters degree, which may be granted
at the faculty’s discretion. A student who has passed all 96 course units, passed
at least one of the two communication skills requirements, and taught at least
once is usually granted a degree.

21
14 Student Support
14.1 Academic Year Support
The Department aims to allow students as much freedom as is possible in choos-
ing research directions, subject to the interests and expertise of the faculty who
are available to oversee the work. Thus, the Ph.D. program generally decides
which funding source to use to support a student after the student has chosen an
advisor or research area. On occasion, the Ph.D. program is able to obtain an
individual fellowship for a student through external sources. We also encourage
students to seek their own external funding since often the award is prestigious
(e.g., NSF or Hertz) or the source provides an opportunity to make professional
connections (e.g., an industrial fellowship). The Department supplements the
stipends of students with an outside fellowship to meet (and usually exceed)
the stipends of students with internal funding. To any student whose spouse
or qualifying domestic partner earns less than $200 per month, the Department
pays a dependency allowance that is 10% of the student’s SCS monthly stipend
per dependent.

14.2 Summer Support

There is summer support available for many students, particularly for those
working on their dissertation. However, we believe it is also good for students
to gain experience in industry for one or two summers during their career here at
Carnegie Mellon. Faculty and staff will provide help in finding suitable summer
employment.

14.3 Travel Support

The department encourages students to travel to conferences and workshops to
enhance their professional and career development.
If a student wants to attend a conference or workshop, the student’s advisor
or research sponsor should support the trip through either a research contract
or a discretionary account.
If no such funding is available to the student, then limited departmental
funds may be available upon request from the Graduate Programs Administra-
tor. Since departmental funds are limited, some requests may not be approved,
and some may not receive full funding; however, the department will try to
support a student’s travel as much as possible. Funding is usually available to
a student for no more than one departmentally-sponsored trip per year.
To obtain travel support, the student and his or her faculty advisor/research
sponsor must first agree that the student should take the trip. Then in advance
of the trip the student should get a Student Travel Authorization Form from
the Main Office, and then the advisor/research sponsor’s signature (on the Fac-
ulty Research Sponsor line). The faculty member must either (i) indicate the
amount of support the student may receive and its source (be sure the charge

22
number is filled in!), or (ii) state that no funds are available from any research
or discretionary account.
If no faculty support is available, the student should submit the signed form
to the Graduate Programs Administrator for approval of departmental spon-
sorship. The maximum to be reimbursed will be $200 plus the registration
fee, if only attending the conference or workshop; $600 plus registration fee, if
presenting a paper.

14.4 Consulting and Outside Employment

Consulting is a privilege, not a right. We grant this privilege for one of two
reasons:

• The consulting task is relevant to the student’s thesis work or a Carnegie

Mellon research project.
• The student has exceptional financial obligations.

Consulting is normally limited to a maximum of one day per week.

A student who wishes to consult should obtain permission from his or her
advisor and the Director of Graduate Programs, and fill out an approval form,
available from the Graduate Programs Administrator.
We may require that students limit outside employment in order to be in
compliance with university and government rules.

15 Leave of Absence
Students who wish to leave the program temporarily may request a leave of ab-
sence by submitting a request to the Graduate Programs Administrator. Leaves
are initially granted for a period of no more than one year, but an extension
of up to one additional year may be granted under exceptional circumstances.
When an extension is granted, the conditions for return must be negotiated with
the advisor and the Director of Graduate Programs prior to returning to the
program. Students must be in good standing in order to be granted a leave of
absence.
Students on leave of absence should contact the Graduate Programs Admin-
istrator two months prior to the end of the leave to indicate their plans. While
a leave can in principle start at any time, university regulations allows students
to return only at the beginning of a semester (usually late August or January).

16 Evaluation of Students’ Progress

Evaluation and feedback on a student’s progress are important both to the
student and to the faculty. Students need information on their overall progress
to make long-range plans. The faculty need to make evaluations to advise

23
students, to make support decisions, and to write recommendations to potential
employers.
The faculty meet at the end of each semester to make a formal evaluation
of each student in the Ph.D. program. For historical reasons this meeting is
called “Black Friday.” The purpose of having all the faculty meet together to
discuss all the students is to ensure uniformity and consistency in evaluating
across all the different areas, by all the different advisors, throughout the years
of the Ph.D. program in CSD as it inevitably changes. The meeting consists
of two parts, one in which subsets of the faculty from different research areas
(Artificial Intelligence, Computer Systems, Programming Languages, Software
Systems, and Theory) meet, and the other in which the entire faculty meet.
The faculty measure each student’s progress against the goal of completing
the Ph.D. program in a reasonable period of time. The evaluation considers all
components of the program using indicators and information sources described
below. Through a Black Friday letter the faculty inform students of the results
of this evaluation, which may include specific recommendations for future work
or requirements that must be met for continued participation in the program.

16.1 Components and Indicators

In their evaluation, the faculty consider the following components, though nat-
urally only some of these components will be applicable in any given semester;
they are not equally important at every stage of a student’s career.

• Courses taken: Evaluated by the course instructor—brief prose evalua-

tion/summary grade.
• Directed research: Evaluated by research supervisor and other collaborat-
ing faculty.
• Teaching: Evaluated by the course instructor and two different teaching
evaluation forms (one filled out by the course instructor and the other
filled out by students, where appropriate).
• Skills: Writing and speaking, by relevant faculty and forms.
• Thesis: Status summarized by the thesis advisor and comment by mem-
bers of the thesis committee.

• Other: Lectures given, papers written, etc. Evaluated by cognizant fac-

ulty.

The faculty’s primary source of information about the student is the stu-
dent’s advisor. The advisor is responsible for assembling the above information
and presenting it at the faculty meeting. The student should make sure the
advisor is informed about participation in activities and research progress made
during the semester. Each student is asked to submit a summary of this infor-
mation to the advisor at the end of each semester—the Student Statement for

24
Black Friday at https://blackfriday.cs.cmu.edu. This statement is used as
student input to the evaluation process and as factual information on activities
and becomes part of the internal student record. It is strongly recommended
that the student and advisor meet prior to the faculty meeting to review the
information provided in this statement.

16.2 Recommendations
Based on the above information, the faculty decide whether a student is making
satisfactory progress in the Ph.D. program. If so, the faculty usually suggest
goals for the student to achieve over the next semester. If not, the faculty make
more rigid demands of the student; these may be long-term (e.g., finish your
thesis within 1-1/2 years) or short-term (e.g., select and complete one or more
specific courses next semester; prepare a thesis proposal by next Black Friday).
Ultimately, permission to continue in the Ph.D. program is contingent on
whether or not the student continues to make satisfactory progress toward the
degree. If a student is not making satisfactory progress, the faculty may choose
to drop the student from the program.
The faculty also decide whether support should be continued for each stu-
dent. Termination of support does not always mean termination from the pro-
gram.

16.3 Grades
Since the Ph.D. program is not based solely on conventional academic courses,
it is difficult to associate grades with a student’s accomplishments. Also, for
students who complete the program, grades are largely irrelevant; graduates
are judged primarily on their professional achievements and the experience they
have gained during the program, and on the basis of recommendations from
members of the faculty.
The Ph.D. program keeps an internal record of various information about
a student’s performance, such as final grades given in some graduate courses.
This information is used at the Black Friday meeting. This information does
not go on the student’s university transcript.
Once the required coursework is completed, students register only for a blan-
ket course (e.g., “Reading and Research”) covering all their program activities
for that semester, for which they receive a Pass/No Pass grade.
CSD Ph.D. students may formally register for graduate or undergraduate
courses in other departments, in which case they are subject to the grading
policies of the University and the department offering the course. A form to re-
quest pass/fail grading is available from the Graduate Programs Administrator.

25
17 Problems?
17.1 Points of Contact
Students and advisors enjoy a close working relationship in our program. If
students have problems, whether related to their research or not, they should
feel free to speak to their advisors. If doing so is awkward or if students simply
want a second opinion, they should feel free to discuss their problems with
either the Director of Graduate Programs (currently Mor Harchol-Balter) or
the Graduate Programs Administrator (currently Deb Cavlovich).

17.2 The Doctoral Review Committee

The Doctoral Review Committee is the official advisory committee to the Grad-
uate Programs Administrator for the Ph.D. Program and the Department Head.
While the structure and contents of the Ph.D. program are still discussed by
the faculty and students as a whole, the DRC makes sure that the program’s
design is implemented and rules abided by properly. In this sense the DRC is
also an oversight committee.
The DRC monitors all courses. It regularly asks students to evaluate courses
and their instructors. It keeps statistics and data about all past and present CS
Ph.D. students, discusses issues and problems that are specific to CS Ph.D. stu-
dents, and makes minor policy decisions that do not require the attention of all
the faculty and students.
The DRC is also something like a senate since the student representatives
speak for all the students and the faculty representatives speak for all the faculty.

17.3 The Ombudsperson

If a student feels that none of the above avenues are appropriate for hearing
about his or her problem, the student can turn to the Ph.D. program’s om-
budsperson. The ombudsperson’s role and responsibilities are:

• To meet with students and listen to their problems

• To give advice, perhaps suggesting someone else to talk to or suggesting
the next step to take
• To keep conversations confidential

The ombudsperson is supposed to be friendly, approachable, mature, a good

listener, in his or her third year or higher (i.e., should “know the ropes” so to
speak), and reasonable (of course!).
An ombudsperson is different from student DRC members since the DRC
is an official committee. So, if a student has a personal problem (e.g., with
his or her advisor), it may not be appropriate to talk to a student DRC repre-
sentative about it (unless as just a friend). If the student feels uncomfortable

26
approaching either of the Graduate Programs Administrators about it, then the
ombudsperson would be the perfect person to turn to.
Currently, the ombudsperson is Aaron Roth.

18 University Policies
All policies not explicitly covered in this document adhere to university policies
as stated in the Graduate Student Handbook. These policies include the status
of All But Dissertation (ABD) and In Absentia students, academic disciplinary
actions, and grievance procedures.

27
A Prerequisites to the Area Star Courses
Although there are no formal prerequisites for admission to the doctoral pro-
gram, the area star courses make certain assumptions about a student’s prior
knowledge. Each topic listed below is accompanied by an indication of the level
of proficiency that is assumed. In general, this amounts to the ability to use
fundamental concepts and techniques in technical discussions.
A student deficient in one or more of these subjects could take or audit
undergraduate courses to learn the material.

• Programming ability: Fluency in C or C++, with the ability to code

efficient algorithms from high-level abstract descriptions. Some knowledge
of assembly language programming.
• Programming Languages: Enough fluency in a high-level imperative
language such as Pascal, Modula, Ada, or Java, and a functional language
such as LISP, Scheme, or Standard ML to read examples and program
exercises. Basic language concepts at the level of Parts 1 and 2 of Pro-
gramming Languages: Concepts and Constructs by Sethi, or Chapters 1-9
of Principles of Programming Languages by Tennent.
• Program Design: As in Chapter 1 of Structured Programming by Dahl,
Dijkstra, and Hoare, and Chapters 9, 13, and 14 of Abstraction and Spec-
ification in Program Development by Liskov and Guttag.
• Algorithms and Data Structures: At the level of the non-starred
sections of Algorithms by Cormen, Leiserson, and Rivest.
• Compilers: At the level of Chapters 1-5, 7-8 of Compiler Design by Aho,
Sethi, and Ullman.

• Operating Systems: Familiarity (as a user) with one or more interactive

operating systems, e.g., Unix. Understanding of basic concepts in the de-
sign and implementation of operating systems, e.g., concurrent processes,
semaphores. At the level of Modern Operating Systems by Tanenbaum or
Operating System Concepts by Silberschatz, Peterson, and Galvin.

• Database Systems: At the level of Chapters 1-5, 8-11 of Database Man-

agement Systems by Ramakrishnan and Gehrke (that is, the relational
data model, algebra, and calculus, basic SQL storage, files, tree- and hash-
based indexing).

• Computer Architecture: Processors, registers, indexing, indirect ad-

dressing, interrupts, simple machine language programming, primary mem-
ory, secondary memory, peripherals.
• Discrete Mathematics: Basic concepts of sets, relations, functions,
mathematical induction, and algebra as in Chapters 2-4 and 7 of Discrete
Mathematics in Computer Science by Stanat and McAllister.

28
• Logic: Including propositional calculus, quantifiers, and the ability to
manipulate and evaluate logical formulas, as in Chapters 1, 2, and 4 of
The Science of Programming by Gries.
• Probability and Statistics: Basic probability and statistics as in Chap-
ter 6 of Algorithms by Cormen, Leiserson, and Rivest, Chapters 1-7 of
Probability and Statistics by Morris de Groot, or Chapters 1-7 of Intro-
duction to Probability by Grinstead and Snell.
• Formal Languages: Regular sets, finite automata, regular expressions,
nondeterminism, push-down automata, context-free languages, Turing ma-
chines, polynomial-time (P and NP) to the level of Introduction to Au-
tomata Theory, Languages, and Computation by Hopcroft and Ullman.

29
B Time Estimates
The following table indicates estimates for approximately when students should
have finished each requirement. Overall, we expect students to complete the
program within 5–6 years, depending on background, research area, and disser-
tation research.
These figures are meant to be suggestive, not prescriptive. We present them
so that all faculty and students can develop a shared image of the expectations
of the program.

COMPONENT INTENSITY COMPLETION TIME

Immigration Course full time 2 + 2 weeks
Star Courses each 1/4 time by end of year 2
Elective Courses each 1/4 time by end of year 3
Writing Skills variable by end of year 3
Teaching 1/2 time by end of year 4
Speaking Skills variable by end of year 4
Thesis Proposal 1/2 time by end of year 4
Thesis full time by end of year 5 (or 6)

Students are expected to be working on research every semester with inten-

sity at least 1/2 time throughout their time at CMU. In addition, it is expected
that students volunteer within the department and school throughout their time
at CMU.

30
C Ph.D. Specializations
Students admitted to the Ph.D. Program in Computer Science may choose to
further specialize in one of three tracks: Algorithms, Combinatorics, and Op-
timization (ACO); Neural Basis of Cognition (NBC); and Pure and Applied
Logic (PAL). These students must also be separately admitted to those pro-
grams; they fulfill the same basic requirements as regular Ph.D. students in
Computer Science but have additional requirements to fulfill.

C.1 Algorithms, Combinatorics, and Optimization

The Ph.D. Program in Algorithms, Combinatorics and Optimization is an inter-
disclipinary program administered jointly by the department of Computer Sci-
ence, the department of Mathematical Sciences, and the Operations Research
group in Tepper School of Business (TSB). The purpose of the program is to
bring together the strengths of the participating departments in topics such as
algorithm design, graph theory, combinatorial optimization, integer program-
ming, polyhedral theory, analysis of heuristics, and number theory. Partici-
pating faculty from the Computer Science Department include Guy Blelloch,
Avrim Blum, John Lafferty, Anupam Gupta, Bruce Maggs, Gary Miller, Steven
Rudich, Danny Sleator and Manuela Veloso.
Course of Study: Students in the ACO program take the equivalent of
three courses each in Computer Science, Math, and TSB (technically, students
take six mini-courses in TSB), and one course in probability theory. Students
participate in a weekly ACO seminar and work with a research advisor who may
be in any of the participating departments. For more details, see the ACO web
page at http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ACO or ask for a copy of the ACO brochure.
The Ph.D. in Computer Science also offers a “minor” in ACO for those
students who wish to have a formal involvement with the ACO program but still
receive a Ph.D. in Computer Science. Students receiving a “Ph.D. in Computer
Science with minor in ACO” must take (a) the CS requirement of 5 area star
courses, (b) 2 elective courses in CS, and (c) 3 courses from the union of Math
and TSB (minis counting as 1/2 of a course) with the condition of at least one
course in each. Students are also expected to actively participate in the ACO
seminar. Any student in the CS Ph.D. program may elect to pursue a minor in
ACO at any time during their graduate studies.

C.2 Neural Basis of Cognition Training Program

The CNBC Training Program is an interdisciplinary Ph.D. and postdoctoral
training program operated jointly with several academic departments at Carnegie
Mellon and the University of Pittsburgh. Participating Computer Science fac-
ulty are Tai-Sing Lee, Michael Lewicki, James McClelland, David Plaut, and
David Touretzky. Other affiliated departments at CMU are Biological Sciences,
Machine Learning, Psychology, Robotics, and Statistics. Affiliated departments

31
at the University of Pittsburgh are Mathematics, Neurobiology, Neuroscience,
and Psychology.
The CNBC option for Computer Science Ph.D. students allows them to
combine intensive training in CS with a broad exposure to cognitive science,
neural computation, and other disciplines that touch on problems of higher
brain function.
Course of Study: CS/CNBC students are admitted through their home
department (Computer Science) and fulfill the normal CS Ph.D. program re-
quirements. In addition, they take a sequence of CNBC core courses in neu-
rophysiology, systems neuroscience, computational neuroscience, and cognitive
neuroscience. The CNBC core courses take the place of the three elective course
unit requirement in CS. CS/CNBC students also participate in a research sem-
inar series and experience a lab rotation.
Because of the extra time required to complete the CNBC requirements, stu-
dents may apply for one year of financial support from the CNBC. In addition,
CS/CNBC students are given an annual travel allowance to help them attend
conferences and workshops.
Completion of all degree requirements earns the student a Ph.D. in Computer
Science plus an additional certificate in the “Neural Basis of Cognition.” More
information about the CNBC option is available at http://www.cnbc.cmu.
edu/.

C.3 Pure and Applied Logic

The Pure and Applied Logic Program is joint with the Carnegie Mellon Math-
ematics and Philosophy Departments. Carnegie Mellon has a large and active
group of faculty whose research and teaching interests span all aspects of logic,
with a particularly strong concentration in foundational aspects of computing.
This Logic Community has an established record of collaborations in pursuing
theoretical research, conducting major implementation projects, and running
colloquia and workshops. Participating faculty from the Computer Science De-
partment include Stephen Brookes, Edmund Clarke, Robert Harper, Peter Lee,
Frank Pfenning, and John Reynolds.
Course of Study: CS/PAL students are admitted through their home
department (Computer Science). They may choose to specialize in Pure and
Applied Logic any time after their first year, though the expectation is that
a mutual decision is reached by the end of their first year. CS/PAL students
fulfill all the normal CS Ph.D. program requirements; however rather than take
the equivalent of just three elective courses, they must take five. CS/PAL
students should choose their elective courses from a list of regularly offered
courses in Pure and Applied Logic. Since some of these courses are taught in
the Mathematics or Philosophy Departments and CS students are restricted to
taking the equivalent of at most one elective course outside of SCS, in special
cases students may petition to have a second elective course chosen from outside
of SCS. CS/PAL students are also expected to participate in the activities of
the Carnegie Mellon Logic Community, such as relevant seminars and colloquia.

32
 Completion of all degree requirements earns the student a Ph.D. in Computer
Science plus an additional certificate in “Pure and Applied Logic”. More infor-
mation about the PAL program is available at http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~pal.

33
D Dual Degree Program with Portugal
Since Fall 2007 the department also offers a dual degree program in cooperation
with several Portuguese universities. The regulations are essentially the same
as given in this document, except that some requirements can be fulfilled in an
affiliated program in Portugal. For more information, see
http://www.csd.cs.cmu.edu/education/phd/portugal.html.

34
E Self-Defined Interdisciplinary Ph.D. Programs
We encourage students to follow their interests and to pursue interdisciplinary
contacts as appropriate for their program of research and study. The doctoral
program is broad and flexible, so usually we can find ways to accommodate
these interests. However, there are times when a student’s research goes so far
afield that an interdisciplinary Ph.D. would be more appropriate. The depart-
ment accommodates these students by allowing a self-defined interdisciplinary
Ph.D. program.
A student interested in a self-defined Ph.D. sets it up between Computer
Science and another academic department. The student must draw up a de-
scription of the area in which he or she wishes to work and a proposed academic
plan, which typically includes coursework, a description of the qualifier (if any),
and how the thesis will be approved. The student then must put together a
program committee consisting of people from both departments who will agree
to oversee the student’s progress through the program; this committee acts as
the student’s department. Finally, the program must be approved by the DRC
and by the equivalent committee of the other department.
The process of setting up an interdisciplinary Ph.D. is not easy and can
easily take a year or two. The process by which an interdisciplinary Ph.D. is
created is unfamiliar to most other departments and is not well-defined by the
university itself, so it may take significant effort to define an interdisciplinary
degree and have it be recognized in all participating departments. It is therefore
in most students’ interests to stay within the Computer Science program; once
coursework is done, there are few limitations on a Computer Science Ph.D. stu-
dent’s course of study, thereby giving the student nearly the same flexibility
achievable through a self-defined program.

35