18/09/2017 Generating PWM with PIC Microcontroller - MikroC Pro

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Generating PWM with PIC Microcontroller using CCP Module

Generating PWM with PIC Microcontroller using CCP Module

19 Generating PWM with PIC Microcontroller using CCP Module

Jan  By Ligo George (https://electrosome.com/author/lijoppans/)
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PWM (https://electrosome.com/pwm-pulse-width-modulation/) is a technique

Contents
used to generate analog output signal using digital signals. It is commonly used
to control average power delivered to a load, motor speed control, generating 1 MikroC Functions
analog voltage levels and for generating analog waveforms. 2 Circuit Diagram – Using internal PWM Module of PIC
3 MikroC Program
CCP Modules are available with a number of PIC Microcontrollers. CCP stands for 4 Download
Capture/Compare/PWM. Using PWM module is far more easier and cost e ective 5 Video
than using extra chips for PWM generation.  MikroC Pro for PIC Microcontroller
provide built-in library for PWM which makes our task very simple.

MikroC Functions
PWM1_Init(constant long frequency) : This function initializes the PWM module with duty ratio 0. Frequency parameter is the
desired frequency in Hz. It should be a numeric constant, should not be a variable.
PWM1_Set_Duty(unsigned short duty_ratio) : This function is used to set the duty cycle of the PWM. The parameter duty_ratio
takes values from 0 to 255, ie 0 means 0% , 127 means 50% and 255 means 100% duty cycle. The PWM1_Init() routine must be
called before using this.
PWM1_Start() : This function starts the PWM output. PWM1_Init() must be called before calling this routine,
PWM1_Stop() : This function stops the PWM output. PWM1_Init() must be called before calling this routine. PWM1_Start() should be
called before calling this function otherwise calling this function will not have any e ect as PWM module is not running.

Note 1 :  For microcontrollers with more than one CCP module, to use the desired CCP module for PWM generation simply change the
number “1”  in the prototype with desired module number. eg: PWM2_Init(5000), PWM2_Start().

Note 2 : All PWM modules in a PIC Microcontroller uses Timer 2 for its operation, so you cannot set di erent frequencies for di erent
PWM modules.

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18/09/2017 Generating PWM with PIC Microcontroller - MikroC Pro

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In this tutorial we are using PIC 16F877A for demonstrating PWM generation using CCP module. PIC 16F877A contains two CCP modules.

Circuit Diagram – Using internal PWM Module of PIC

In the below circuit four switches are provided for controlling the Duty Ratio of PWM generated by two CCP modules of the PIC
Microcontroller.

Switch 1 : To increase the Duty Ratio of PWM produced by CCP1

Switch 2 : To decrease the Duty Ratio of PWM produced by CCP1
Switch 3 : To increase the Duty Ratio of PWM produced by CCP2
Switch 4 : To decrease the Duty Ratio of PWM produced by CCP2

(https://electrosome.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Using-Internal-PWM-
Module-PIC-MIcrocontroller.jpg)
Using Internal PWM Module PIC Microcontroller Circuit Diagram

The output of the two CCP modules are given to a CRO to observe the changes in pulse width. It may be given to two LEDs and you can
see the changes in brightness as Duty Ratio changes.

MikroC Program

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18/09/2017 Generating PWM with PIC Microcontroller - MikroC Pro

void main()
{
short current_duty_1 = 16; // initial value for current_duty_1
short current_duty_2 = 16; // initial value for current_duty_2

TRISD = 0xFF; // PORTD as input

TRISC = 0x00; // PORTC as output

PWM1_Init(5000); // Initialize PWM1

PWM2_Init(5000); // Initialize PWM2

PWM1_Start(); // start PWM1

PWM2_Start(); // start PWM2

PWM1_Set_Duty(current_duty_1); // Set current duty for PWM1

PWM2_Set_Duty(current_duty_2); // Set current duty for PWM2

while (1) // endless loop

{
if (!RD0_bit) // if button on RD0 pressed
{
Delay_ms(40);
current_duty_1++; // increment current_duty_1
PWM1_Set_Duty(current_duty_1); //Change the duty cycle
}

if (!RD1_bit) // button on RD1 pressed

{
Delay_ms(40);
current_duty_1--; // decrement current_duty_1
PWM1_Set_Duty(current_duty_1);
}

if (!RD2_bit) // if button on RD2 pressed

{
Delay_ms(40);
current_duty_2++; // increment current_duty_2
PWM2_Set_Duty(current_duty_2);
}

if (!RD3_bit) // if button on RD3 pressed

{
Delay_ms(40);
current_duty_2--; // decrement current_duty_2
PWM2_Set_Duty(current_duty_2);
}

Delay_ms(10); // slow down change pace a little

}
}

I thinks the program is self explanatory, so if you have any doubts please comment below…

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You can download the MikroC Source Code, Proteus les etc here…

Using Internal PWM Module of PIC Microcontroller (https://electrosome.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Using-Internal-PWM-

Module-of-PIC-Microcontroller.zip)

Video

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