Pocket Egyptian Arabic (2)

Verbs

By Nour Balasa

Copyright © All Rights Reserved

Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................................................. 3
Pronunciation Guide ........................................................................................................................ 4
All About Verbs ................................................................................................................................ 6
What is a verb? ............................................................................................................................. 6
Order Form (Imperative) ............................................................................................................... 6
What are tenses? .......................................................................................................................... 6
The Imperative ................................................................................................................................. 7
Tenses .............................................................................................................................................. 8
What is the Present Tense?........................................................................................................... 8
What is the Past Tense? ................................................................................................................ 9
What is the Future Tense? ............................................................................................................ 9
Conjugation .................................................................................................................................... 10
Present Simple Conjugation ........................................................................................................ 11
Future Tense Conjugation ........................................................................................................... 14
Practice Saying the Following: .................................................................................................. 15
Putting the Present and the Future Together ................................................................................. 16
Verbs in the Past Tense .................................................................................................................. 17
Case A ......................................................................................................................................... 18
Practice Saying the Following: .................................................................................................. 18
Case B ......................................................................................................................................... 19
Practice Saying the Following: .................................................................................................. 19
Case C ......................................................................................................................................... 20
Practice Saying the Following: .................................................................................................. 20
Dictionary....................................................................................................................................... 21
(A) Verbs in the Imperative Form ................................................................................................ 22
(B) Verbs in the Past Tense Form ................................................................................................ 40

1
2
Preface

This book, the second in the Pocket Egyptian Arabic series, is designed
primarily to meet the needs of English speakers who want a point of
reference for Egyptian Arabic verbs and the grammar required to use
them.

The first book in the series is designed to enable people to start

speaking Egyptian Arabic quickly, without the need to understand the
grammar. This second book in the series gives more explanation of the
grammar and pronunciation, which in turn gives a better understanding
of the language. The method used here is based on the simple
grammar system I devised for teaching Arabic verbs.

It is my aim to help guide you quickly and effectively through

communicating in Egyptian Arabic so that you are able to hold basic
conversations and make requests when speaking with Egyptian
nationals.

It is built around my personally developed system, which enables you to

understand the various parts of speech in a sentence in the different tenses.
Once understood, the system can be applied to any sentence you want to
form quickly and easily.

3
Pronunciation Guide

These letters… are pronounced as in the following words…

Ee Meet
Ae Game
Uu Moon
E Get
O Got
U A short version of “moon”
A Gas
Aa Air
Oo Goal

 You will find consonants written in either upper or lower

case and is each pronounced in a different way.
 Consonants shown in capitals are emphatic or hard
versions of the lower case letters.
 Pronunciation of the vowel “a” is changed if it has an
emphatic consonant before or after it. For example…
ba… is pronounced as in back
Ba… is pronounces as in but
s-h is pronounced as two separate letters, not
“sh”

 When a consonant is doubled, each of the letters must be

pronounced separately, with a short break between. For
example…
kasar - (he) broke is pronounced as ka-sar
something
kassar - (he) broke is pronounced as kas-sar
something into pieces

4
 Some Arabic letters have no direct equivalent sounds in
English. These have been represented in the dictionary as
numbers. For example…
2 pronounced as a stop in the word, as in the
Cockney pronunciation of the word “Bottle” - bo2le
3 pronounced as the sound “Ah” but from deep in
the throat
3’ pronounced as the last letter in the French word
“Bonjour”; or the first letter in the German word
“Rennen”
7 pronounced as the sound you make when you
breathe on your glasses to clean them
7’ pronounced as the “ch” in the Scottish “lock”; the
first sound in the Russian word “ХОРОШО”; the
first sound in the Spanish word “Justo”

You can find further examples on pronunciation together

with access to audio buttons to enable you to listen to the
sounds at nourbalasa.com

5
All About Verbs

What is a verb?
Verbs are Action Words, and when using verbs in sentences you need to use
the correct form of the verb to indicate who is doing the action; this is
referred to as the Conjugation of the verb. Using the verb Go, as an
example, you say:-
I go
But if talking about someone else, you would use a different form:-
He goes.
Conjugation is explained on page 10.

Order Form (Imperative)

This is a particular form of a verb and is used to order someone to do
something, for example:-
Go!
The Imperative is explained on page 7.

What are tenses?

Verbs are used in different Tenses. A simple list of tenses:

Past Tense – for things that happened in the past (eg I went)
Present Tense – for things that are currently happening (eg I go)
Future Tense – for things that will happen in the future (eg I will go)

6
The Imperative
If you are ordering someone to do something – for example “Go!”, the
Imperative Form or Order Form of the verb is used.

In Egyptian Arabic the Order Form for the verb Go is ruu7, and endings are
added to indicate male, female or plurals:

inta ruu7 - Go! when talking to a man or boy

inti ruu7i - Go! when talking to a woman or girl
intu ruu7u - Go! when talking to a group

Note:
No ending is added when talking to male Ruu7
The feminine ending is “i” Ruu7i
The plural ending is “u” Ruu7u

You will find a list of the Imperative Forms for the most important 400
Egyptian Arabic verbs in the dictionary at the end of this book.

As well as being used to order people to do things, the Imperative Form of

verbs is also important because it is this form that we use as the basis for
using different tenses. Tenses are explained in the following section.

7
Tenses

We just need to check our understanding of the following terminology. The

tenses we will discuss here are:

Present Simple Something that happens “usually”

Past Simple Something that happened one time in
the past
Future Something that will happen in the
future

Tenses indicate whether you’re talking about things happening in the Past,
Present or Future.

What is the Present Tense?

There are two forms of the Present Tense:–

 Present Simple
 Present Continuous:

Present Continuous - happening now, running action. The Present

Continuous is the way verbs were introduced in the first book in the
series of Pocket Egytian Arabic:-
I am going

Present Simple - happening usually, or always. This is the form of the

Present Tense that we look at in this book:-
I go

8
Present Simple is also used to describe something that “usually” happens
but that is not necessarily happening at the moment:-
I go to school by bus

What is the Past Tense?

There are two foms of the past Tense:-

 Past Continuous
 Past Simple:

Past Continuous – something that was happening for a while, a running

action. This is the way you the Past Tense of verbs was introduced in
the first in the series of Pocket Egyptian Arabic books :-
I was going

Past Simple – something that happened once in the past. This is the
form of the Past Tense that we look at in this book:-
I went

What is the Future Tense?

This is used to describe things that will happen in the future:-

I will go

9
Conjugation

The Conjugation of a verb is a list of all the different forms of a verb, which
changes according to the subject pronoun. So using the example given
previously, the conjucation of the verb Go in English for the Present Simple
Tense is:

I go
You go
He goes
She goes
We go
You (pl) go
They go

So in English, the endings change to indicate the person pronoun (I, he, she
etc) used.

With conjugation in Arabic, changes are made at the beginning and in some
cases also at the end of the Imperative or Order Form of the verb.

10
Present Simple Conjugation

If I want to say “I go” in Arabic, I need to know that the order form of the
verb “Go” is ruu7 (ruu7i - fem, ruu7u - pl) . The conjugation of the Present
Simple tense is given below, having ruu7 as an example.

I go ana baruu7
You go (m) inta betruu7
You go (f) inti betruu7i
He goes huwwa beyruu7
She goes hiyya betruu7
We go i7na benruu7
You go (pl) intu betruu7u
They go humma beyruu7u

The additions in bold indicate the prefixes and suffixes required to indicate
the subject pronouns. This means that your words will be understood
regardless of whether you use the subject pronouns or not.

For example:

baruu7 il madrassa kull yoom

I go to the school every day.

ana baruu7 bi il 3arabyya

I go by the car.

beyruu7 li ummu
he goes to his mother.

11
Remember from Book One that there is no difference in the order of words
when you ask a yes/no question:
betruu7 … could mean “you go” or “do you go?”

It is simply the tone used that indicates if it a question, with the voice rising
at the end of yes/no question sentences.

Note:
When verbs start with a vowel, that vowel is dropped when conjugating for
the subject pronoun ana. This is to help pronounciation as Egyptians try to
avoid the sound of two vowels together as far as possible. So the vowel of
the word is dropped and the vowel of the grammar is kept.

For example:
If the verb is ishrab (to drink), it will be:
ba + ishrab = baishrab = bashrab
So, bashrab or ana bashrab means I drink.

Practice Saying:-
We (usually) go … i7na benruu7
You (usually) go … - masculine inta betruu7
You (usually go … - plural intu betruu7u
I (usually) go ana beruu7
She (usually) goes hiyya betruu7
You (usually) go … - feminine inti betruu7i
They (usually) go humma beyruu7u
he (usually) goes howwa beyruu7

12
Practice
Practice using verbs in the Present Simple Tense by picking from
verbs listed in the imperative form in the dictionary at the end of
the book in imperative form and conjugating using the examples
given.

13
Future Tense Conjugation

Now you understand how to use the Present Simple tense in Egyptian
Arabic, you are also able to use the future tense by replacing the letters “be”
in the conjugation by “ha”.

This is the equivalent of saying the word “will” before a verb.

ana haruu7 = I will go

huwwa hayruu7 = he will go

I will go ana haruu7

You will go (m) inta hatruu7
You will go (f) inti hatruu7i
He will go huwwa hayruu7
She will go hiyya hatruu7
We will go i7na hanruu7
You will go (pl) intu hatruu7u
They will go humma hayruu7u

Remember:

When verbs start with a vowel, that vowel is dropped when conjugating for
the subject pronoun ana. This is to help pronounciation as Egyptians try to
avoid the sound of two vowels together as far as possible. So the vowel of
the verb is dropped and the vowel of the conjugation is kept.

For example:
If the verb is ishrab (to drink), it will be:

14
 ha+ishrab = haishrab = hashrab
So, hashrab or ana hashrab means I will drink

Practice Saying the Following:

We will go i7na banruu7…
You will go … - masculine inta batruu7…
You will go … - plural intu batruu7u…
I will go ana baruu7
She will go hiyya batruu7
You will go… - feminine inti batruu7i
They will go humma bayruu7u
he will go howwa bayruu7

Practice
Practice using verbs in the Future Tense by picking from verbs
listed in the imperative form in the dictionary at the end of the
book in imperative form and conjugating using the examples
given.

15
Putting the Present and the Future Together

Using the above tables, you can now easily use the correct grammar to say
the following examples:

I (usually) go to school by bus baruu7 il madrassa bi il utubees

Does he (usually) go by car? byruu7 bi il 3arabyya?
We will go tomorrow hanruu7 bokra

Remember!
 All the verbs given in the dictionary at the section “A” at the end of this
book are shown in the imperative form.
 Simply put the required imperative form in to the tables above so you
can practice putting together sentences that are grammatically correct
 Remember there is no specific words or order of words to express a
question; it is simply the change in the tone of the voice that indicates
this.
 The two verbs Go (ruu7) and Come (igi) don’t need to be followed by
the word “to” as they do in English when talking about going or coming
to a place (for example – I go to school). However, when talking about
going or coming to a person, you will need to use the word “to” - li:

I go to school ana baruu7 il-madrasa

I go to the shop baruu7 il-ma7al
I come to the club every day bagi il-naadi kull yoom
I will go to my uncle haruu7 li 3ammi
I go to David baruu7 li David

16
Verbs in the Past Tense

Note:
 You will find all the forms for the Past Tense in the second part “B” of
the dictionary at the end of this book.

For the past we add suffixes when conjugating, not at the beginning. As
with the Present Simple and Futur Tenses, but at the end.

There are 3 different cases for the conjugation in the Past Tense:

A when the Past Tense of a verb ends in one consonant - for example
shirib, drank
B when the Past Tense of a verb ends in two consonants - for example
7abb, loved
C when the Past Tense of a verb ends in a vowel - for example rama,
threw

17
Case A

As already stated, conjugation in the Past Tense adds suffixes to the Past
Tense of the verb. The suffixes for verbs ending in a single consonant are as
follows.

The past tense of the verb Drink is shirib (drank)

I drank ana shiribt

You(m) drank inta shiribt
You(f) drank inti shiribti
He drank huwwa shirib *
She drank hiyya shiribit
We drank i7na shiribna
You(p) drank intu shiribtu
They drank humma shiribu

* Notice that conjugation for “he”, huwwa, has no addition as a suffix. It

just uses the past tense form of the verb.

Practice Saying the Following:

I drank juice ana shiribt 3aSeer

You drank juice – feminine inti shiribti 3aSeer
We drank juice i7na shiribna 3aSeer

18
Case B

If the verb in the past form ends with two consonants, a small change is
needed to the suffixes we add – a long vowel (shown below as “ae”) is
added to most forms (not with it - u) of the conjugation to make the
pronunciation easier:

For example;

Loved 7abb
I loved ana 7abbaet
You(m) loved inta 7abbaet
You(f) loved inti 7abbaeti
He loved huwwa 7abb *
She loved hiyya 7abbit
We loved i7na 7abbaena
You(pl) loved intu 7abbaetu
They loved humma 7abbu

* As with case A, notice that conjugation for “he”, huwwa, has no

addition as a suffix. It just uses the past tense form of the verb.

Practice Saying the Following:

you loved Layla – inta 7abbaet Layla

masculine
did she love Hazim? hiyya 7abbit Hazim?
they loved the house humma 7abbu il baet

19
Case C

Case C is when the vowel in the Past Tense Form ends in a vowel. It is very
similar to Case B, however before adding the suffix with the long vowel, the
final vowel of the verb is omitted.

For example:

rama threw
I threw ana ramaet
You (m) threw inta ramaet
You (f) threw inti ramaeti
He threw huwwa rama *
She threw hiyya ramit
We threw i7na ramaena
You (pl) threw intu 7abbaetu
They threw humma 7abbu

* As with the previous cases for the past, conjugation for “he”, huwwa,
has no addition as a suffix. It just uses the past tense form of the verb.

Practice Saying the Following:

she threw the ball hiyya ramit il koora

I threw the ball ana ramaet il koora
we threw the ball i7na ramaena il koora

20
Dictionary

21
(A) Verbs in the Imperative Form

accept i2bal, i2bali, i2balu

affect 2aSSaR, 2aSSaRi, 2aSSaRu
be afraid of 7'aaf, 7'aafi, 7'aafu
agree waafi2, waf2i, waf2u
allow isma7, isma7i, isma7u
be angry itdaayi2, itday2i, itday2u
get angry itnarfiz, itnarfizi, itnarfizu
annoy daayi2, day2i, day2u
be annoyed itdaayi2, itday2i, itday2u
answer / reply RoDD, RoDDi, RoDDu
apologise i3tizir, i3tizri, i3tizru
appear baan, baani, baanu
approach 2aRRab, 2aRRaBi, 2aRRaBu
argue gaadil, gadli, gadlu
arrange rattib, rattibi, rattibu
arrest o2BoD, o2BoDi, o2BoDu
get arrested itmisik, itmiski, itmisku
arrive iwSal, iwSali, iwSalu
ask (about something) is2al, is2ali, is2alu
ask for / order / request oTLoB, oTLobi, oTloBu
assume ifTeReD, iFTeRDi, ifTeRDu
attack haagim, hagmi, hagmu
be kuun, kuuni, kuunu
be able i2DaR, i2Dari, i2Daru
beat / hit iDRab, iDRabi, iDRabu
get more beautiful i7law, i7lawwi, i7lawwu

22
be careful! (phrase) 7'alli baalak, 7'alli baalik, 7'allu balku
become ib2a, ib2i, ib2u
become adjusted itZaBBaT, itZaBBaTi, itZaBBaTu
begin / start ibda2, ibda2i, ibda2u
Believe sadda2, sadda2i, sadda2u
believe in 2aamin, 2amni, 2amnu
get benefit istafeed, istafeedi, istafeedu
be quiet! / shut up! iskot, iskoti, iskotu
blame luum, luumi, luumu
bless baarik, barki, barku
block sedd, seddi, seddu
blow onfo7', onfo7'i, info7'u
boil i3'li, i3'li, i3'lu
book i7gez, i7gezi, i7gezu
feel bored izha2, izha2i, izha2u
be born itwilid, itwildi, itwildu
borrow istilif, istilfi, istilfu
brake farmil, farmili, farmilu
break ikSar, ikSari, ikSaru
be broken itkisir, itkisri, itkisru
break down Bawwaz, BawwaZi, BawwaZu
breathe itnaffis, itnaffisi, itnaffisu
bring geeb, geebi, geebu
bring back / return ragga3, ragga3i, ragga3u
build ibni, ibni, ibnu
buy ishtiri, ishtiri, ishtiru
call (by phone) iTTiSil, iTTiSli, iTTiSlu
call out naadi, naadi, naadu
23
call to prayer iddan, iddani, iddanu
calm down ihda, ihdi, ihdu
care ihtamm, ihtammi, ihtammu
be careful 7aasib, 7asbi, 7asbu
be careful! (phrase) 7'alli baalak, 7'alli baalik, 7'allu balku
carry sheel, sheeli, sheelu
catch imsik, imsiki, imsiku
cause sabbib, sabbibi, sabbibu
change 3'ayyaR, 3'ayyaRi, 3'auuaRu
be changed it3'ayyaR, it3'ayyaRi, it3'ayyaRu
chat dardish, dardishi, dardishu
choose i7'Taar, i7'Taari, i7'Taaru
clean naDDaF, naDDaFi, naDDaFu
close i2fil, i2fili, i2filu
collect gamma3, gamma3i, gamma3u
comb sarra7, sarra7i, sarra7u
come igi, igi, igu
come back irga3, irga3i, irga3u
come down inzil, inzili, inzilu
come here! ta3aala, ta3aali, ta3aalu
commit iltizim, iltizmi, iltizmu
communicate Tawaasal, Tawasli, Tawaslu
complain ishtiki, ishtiki, ishtiku
complete kammil, kammili, kammilu
confuse la7'Bat, la7'BaTi, la7'BaTu
get confused itla7'BaT, itla7'BaTi, itla7'BaTu
congratulate baarik, barki, barku
consider i3tibir, i3tibri, i3tibru
24
contact ittisil, ittisli, ittislu
continue kammil, kammili, kammilu
be convenient naasib, nasbi, nasbu
convert item / transfer money 7awwil, 7awwili, 7awwilu
cook oTbo7', oTbo7'I, oTbo7'u
correct / repair Salla7, Salla7i, Salla7u
cost kallif, kallifi, kallifu
cough ko77, ko77i, ko77u
count 3edd, 3eddi, 3eddu
cover 3'aTTi, 3'aTTi, 3'aTTu
be covered it3'aTTa, it3'aTTi, it3'aTTu
crash i7'BaT, i7'BaTi, i7'BaTu
cross over / pass by 3addi, 3addi, 3addu
cure 3aalig, 3algi, 3algu
get cured it3aalig, it3algi, it3algu
cut i2Ta3, i2Ta3i, i2Tau
deal it3aamil, it3amli, it3amlu
be dealt with it3aamil, it3amli, it3amlu
deal with 3aamil, 3amli, 3amlu
decide KaRRaR, KaRRaRi, KaRRaRu
decrease 2allil, 2allili, 2allilu
defend daafi3, daf3i, daf3u
delay 2a7'7'aR, 2a7'7'aRi, 2a7'7'aRu
deliver waSSal, waSSali, waSSalu
describe iwSif, iwSefi, iwSefu
deserve istaahil, istahli, istahlu
design Sammim, Sammimi, Sammimu
develop TawwaR, TawwaRi, TawwaRu
25
be developed iTTawwar, iTTawwari, iTTawwaru
die muut, muuti, muutu
get dirty itwassa7', itwassa7'I, itwassa7'u
disappear i7'tifi, i7'tifi, i7'tifu
discover iktishif, iktishfi, iktishfu
discuss naa2ish, na2shi, na2shu
dismantle fokk, fokki, fokku
divorce TaLLa2, TaLLa2i, TaLLa2u
become dizzy duu7', duu7'I, duu7'u
do i3mil, i3mili, i3milu
be done it3imil, it3imli, it3imlu
go down inzil, inzili, inzilu
dream i7lam, i7lami, i7lamu
drink ishrab, ishrabi, ishrabu
drive suu2, suu2i, suu2u
dry nashshif, nashshifi, nashshifu
eat kol, koli, kolu
be embarrassed itkisif, itkisfi, itkisfu
become empty ifDa, ifDi, ifDu
engage o7'Tob, o7'Tobi, o7'Tobu
get engaged it7'eTeb, it7'eTbi, it7'eTbu
enter id7'ol, id7'oli, id7'olu
equal sawi, sawi, sawu
be equal saawi, saawi, saawu
erase imsa7, imsa7i, imsa7u
escape ihrab, ihrabi, ihrabu
excuse u3zor, u3zori, o3zoru
excuse me ba3d iznak, ba3d iznik, ba3d iznuku
26
exit / go out o7'rog, o7'rogi, o7'rogo
expand wassa3, wassa3i, wassa3u
expect tawaKKa3, tawaKKa3i, tawaKKa3u
become expensive i3'la, i3'li, i3'lu
explain ishra7, ishra7i, ishra7u
exploit ista3'ill, ista3'illi, ista3'illu
export SaDDar, SaDDari, SaDDaru
extend midd, middi, middu
be extended itmadd, itmaddi, itmaddu
fall o2a3, o23i, o23u
fear 7'aaf, 7'aafi, 7'aafu
feed akkil, akkili, akkilu
feel 7ess, 7essi, 7essu
fight (verbally or physically) it7'aani2, it7an2i, it7'an2u
fill imla, imli, imlu
be filled fawwil
filter Saffi, Saffi, Saffu
find laa2i, laa2i, laa2u
finish 7'aLLaS, 7'aLLaSi, 7'aLLaSu
be finished i7'laS, i7'laSi, i7'laSu
fire (from work) irfid, irfidi, irfidu
fit (as in suit someone/thing) naasib, nasbi, nasbu
fix ZaBBaT, ZaBBaTi, ZaBBaTu
be fixed itSalla7, itSalla7i, itSalla7u
fly Teer, Teeri, Teeru
fool isTa3BaT, isTa3BaTi, ista3BaTu
forbid imna3, imna3i, imna3u
forget insa, insi, insu
27
be forgotten itnisi, itnisi, itnisu
forgive saami7, sam7i, sam7u
freeze tallig, talligi, talligu
fry i2li, i2li, i2lu
become full itmili, itmili, itmilu
gather limm, limmi, limmu
get angry itnarfiz, itnarfizi, itnarfizu
get arrested itmisik, itmiski, itmisku
get benefit istafeed, istafeedi, istafeedu
get confused itla7'BaT, itla7'BaTi, itla7'BaTu
get cured it3aalig, it3algi, it3algu
get dirty itwassa7', itwassa7'I, itwassa7'u
get engaged it7'eTeb, it7'eTbi, it7'eTbu
get married itgawwiz, itgawwizi, itgawwizu
get more beautiful i7law, i7lawwi, i7lawwu
get moved it7arrak, it7arraki, it7arraku
get off inzil, inzili, inzilu
get up 2uum, 2uumi, 2uumu
get used to it3awwid, it3awwidi, it3awwidu
give iddi, iddi, iddu
give back ragga3, ragga3i, ragga3u
go ruu7, ruu7i, ruu7u
go for a walk itmashsha, itmashshi, itmashshu
go home rawwa7, rawwa7i, rawwa7u
go on / continue kammil, kammili, kammilu
go out o7'rog, o7'rogi, o7'rogo
go up iTla3, iTla3i, iTla3u
greet sallim, sallimi, sallimu 3ala
28
grill ishwi, ishwi, ishwu
grow up ikBar, ikBari, ikBaru
hang 3alla2, 3alla2i, 3alla2u
happen i7Sal, i7Sali, i7Salu
be happy inbeSit, inbeSti, inbeStu
have a walk / take a walk itmashsha, itmashshi, itmashshu
have breakfast ifTaR, ifTaRi, ifTaru
have dinner it3ashsha, it3ashshi, it3ashshu
have lunch it3'adda, it3'addi, it3'addu
have mercy ir7aM, ir7aMi, ir7aMu
have rest istirayya7, istirayya7i, istirayya7u
hear / listen isma3, isma3i, isma3u
heat up sa7'7'an, sa7'7'ani, sa7'7'anu
help saa3id, sa3di, sa3du
hide 7'abbi, 7'abbi, 7'abbu
hire 3ayyin, 3ayyini, 3ayyinu
hit / beat iDRab, iDRabi, iDRabu
be hit itDereb, itDerbi, itDerbu
hold imsik, imsiki, imsiku
be honoured itsharraf, itsharrafi, itsharrafu
hope itmanna, itmanni, itmannu
become hot is7'an, is7'ani, is7'anu
be hungry guu3, guu3i, guu3u
hurry (someone) isti3gil
hurt iwga3, iwga3i, iwga3u
imagine it7'ayyal, it7'ayyali, it7'ayyalu
improve 7assen, 7asseni, 7assenu
increase zawwid, zawwidi, zawwidu
29
inform 3aRRaf, 3aRRafi, 3aRRafu
insist Sammim, Sammimi, Sammimu
Install rakkib, rakkibi, rakkibu
be installed itrakkib, itrakkibi, itrakkibu
instruct 3allim, 3allimi, 3allimu
insult ishtim, ishtimi, ishtimu
introduce 2addim, 2addimi, 2addimu
invite i3zim, i3zimi, i3zimu
iron ikwi, ikwi, ikwu
irritate narfiz, narfizi, narfizu
joke haZZar, haZZari, haZZaru
keep 7'alli, 7'alli, 7'allu
keep doing ifDal, ifDali, ifDalu
kill i2til, i2tili, i2tilu
be killed it2itil, it2itli, it2itlu
kiss buus, buusi, buusu
know i3raf, i3rafi, i3rafu
last duum, duumi, duumu
be late it2a7'7'aR, it2a7'7'aRi, it2a7'7'aRu
laugh id7ak, id7aki, id7aku
learn it3allim, it3allimi, it3allimu
leave (a person leaves) imshi, imshi, imshu
leave (something behind) seeb, seebi, seebu
lend sallif, sallifi, sallifu
let alone / leave alone seeb, seebi, seebu
lie (tell untruth) ikdib, ikdibi, ikdibu
lift irFa3, irFa3i, irFa3u
like 7ibb, 7ibbi, 7ibbu
30
listen / hear isma3, isma3i, isma3u
live (as a resident / being alive) 3eesh, 3eeshi, 3eeshu
lock sokk, sokki, sokku
look boSS, boSSi, boSSu
look for dawwar, dawwari, dawwaru
lose (an item) Dayya3, Dayya3i, Dayya3u
get lost (an item gets lost) Dee3, Dee3i, Dee3u
lose (game) i7'sar, i7'sari, i7'saru
lose (the way) tuuh, tuuhi, tuuhu
love 7ibb, 7ibbi, 7ibbu
make (create) i3mil, i3mili, i3milu
make (someone) happy ibsit, ibsiti, ibsitu
make (someone) understand fahhim, fahhimi, fahhimu
make (turn or change to) 7'alli, 7'alli' 7'allu
make a deal ittifi2, ittif2i, ittif2u
manage deer, deeri, deeru
marry itgawwiz, itgawwizi, itgawwizu
get married itgawwiz, itgawwizi, itgawwizu
mash (eg potatos) ihris, ihrisi, ihrisu
meet 2aabil, 2abli, 2ablu
meet (each other) it2aabil, it2abli, it2ablu
be met it2aabil, it2abli, it2ablu
melt see7, see7i, see7u
memorise i7faZ, i7faZi, i7faZu
miss ifTaKid, ifTaKidi, ifTaKidu
be missed iw7ash, iw7ashi, iw7ashu
mix 2allib, 2allibi, 2allibu
move 7arrak, 7arraki, 7arraku
31
get moved it7arrak, it7arraki, it7arraku
move house 3azzil, 3azzili, 3azzilu
name sammi, sammi, sammu
need i7taag, i7taagi, i7taagu
negotiate price faaSil, fasli, faSlu
occupy (a country) i7tall, i7talli, i7tallu
get off inzil, inzili, inzilu
offer i3RiD, i3RiDi, i3RiDu
open ifta7, ifta7i, ifta7u
be opened itfiti7, itfit7i, itfit7u
order (something) oTLoB, oTLobi, oTloBu
organise rattib, rattibi, rattibu
be organized itrattib, itrattibi, itrattibu
be paid iddifi3, iddif3i, iddif3u
Park irkin, irkini, irkinu
participate in s/th ishtirik, ishtirki, ishtirku
pass by / cross (over) 3addi, 3addi, 3addu
pay idfa3, idfa3i, idfa3u
pay attention intibih, intibhi, intibhu
peel 2ashshaR, 2ashshaRi, 2ashshaRu
permit isma7, isma7i, isma7u
photograph Sawwar, Sawwari, Sawwaru
be photographed itSawwaR, itSawwaRu, itSawwaRu
place 7oTT, 7oTTi, 7oTTu
plant izra3, izra3i, izra3u
play il3ab, il3abi, il3abu
play the fool isTa3BaT, isTa3BaTi, ista3BaTu
Please i3gib, i3gibi, i3gibu
32
be poisoned itsammim, itsammimi, itsammimu
postpone 2aggil, 2aggili, 2aggilu
pray Salli, Salli, Sallu
prepare 7aDDar, 7aDDari, 7aDDaru
present 2addim, 2addimi, 2addimu
promise iw3id, iw3idi, iw3idu
protect i7mi, i7mi, i7mu
pull shedd, sheddi, sheddu
push zo22, zo22i, zo22u
put 7oTT, 7oTTi, 7oTTu
be put in jail it7ibis, it7ibsi, it7ibsu
put on (clothes) ilbis, ilbisi, ilbisu
put up with ista7mil, ista7mili, ista7milu
be quiet iskot, iskoti, iskotu
rain maTTar, maTTari, maTTaru
raise irFa3, irFa3i, irFa3u
be raised / be reared itrabba, itrabbi, itrabbu
raise up rabbi, rabbi, rabbu
read i2ra, i2ri, i2ru
receive istilim, istilmi, istilmu
recover (get better) 7'eff, 7'effi, 7'effu
reduce 2allil, 2allili, 2allilu
regret indam, indami, indamu
remain ifDal, ifDali, ifDalu
remember iftikir, iftikri, iftikru
remove sheel, sheeli, sheelu
be removed itshaal, itshaali, itshaalu
renew gaddid, gaddidi, gaddidu
33
be renewed itgaddid, itgaddidi, itgaddidu
rent 2aGGar, 2aGGari, 2aGGaru
repair / correct Salla7, Salla7i, Salla7u
be repaired itSalla7, itSalla7i, itSalla7u
reply / answer RoDD, RoDDi, RoDDu
report balla3', balla3'I, balla3'u
request oTlob, oTlobi, oTlobu
reserve i7gez, i7gezi, i7gezu
resist kaawim, Kawmi, Kawmu
respect i7tirim, i7tirmi, i7tirmu
respond istageeb, istageebi, istageebu
return irga3, irga3i, irga3u
return sth back ragga3, ragga3i, ragga3u
return home rawwa7, rawwa7i, rawwa7u
ride irkab, irkabi, irkabu
ring (to make sound) renn, renni, rennu
run igri, igri, igru
run out / finish i7'laS, i7'laSi, i7'laSu
sacrifice Da77i, Da77i, Da77u
be said it2aal, it2aali, it2aalu
satisfy irdi, irdi, irdu
save (info or memorise) i7faZ, i7faZi, i7faZu
save (money on discounted item) waffaR, waffaRi, waffaRu
save money (from income) 7awwish, 7awwishi, 7awwishu
say 2uul, 2uuli, 2uulu
scratch 7'arbish, 7'arbishi, 7'arbishu
search for dawwar, dawwari, dawwaru
see shuuf, shuufi, shuufu
34
be seen itshaaf, itshaafi, itshaafu
select i7'Taar, i7'Taari, i7'Taaru
sell bee3, bee3i, bee3u
send ib3at, ib3ati, ib3atu
shock 7'oDD, 7'oDDi, 7'oDDu
be shocked it7'aDD, it7'aDDi, it7'aDDu
shoot To7'7', To7'7'I, To7'7'u
show warri, warri, warru
shut i2fil, i2fili, i2filu
shut up! iskut, iskuti, iskutu
sign imDi, imDi, imDu
sit / stay o33oD, o33oDi, o33oDu
sleep naam, naami, naamu
smell shemm, shemmi, shemmu
smile ibtisim, ibtismi, ibtismu
smoke da7'7'an, da7'7'ani, da7'7'anu
be sold itbaa3, itbaa3i, itbaa3u
solve 7ell, 7elli, 7ellu
be solved it7all, it7alli, it7allu
someone 7add
someone waa7id, wa7da
sort rattib, rattibi, rattibu
speak itkallim, itkallimi, itkallimu
spend (time) 2aDDi, 2aDDi, 2aDDu
spend night time is-har, is-hari, is-haru
spray roshsh, roshshi, roshshu
squeeze o3Sor, o3Sori, o3Soru
stand up o2af, o2fi, o2fu
35
start ibda2, ibda2i, ibda2u
stay / sit o33oD, o33oDi, o33oDu
stay ifDal, ifDali, ifDalu
stay up late is-har, is-hari, is-haru
steal isra2, isra2i, isra2u
be stolen itsiri2, itsir2i, itsir2u
stop (yourself moving) o2af, o2fi, o2fu
stop (to stop something) wa22if, wa22ifi, wa22ifu
stop doing BaTTal, BaTTali, BaTTalu
study idris, idrisi, idrisu
stuff i7shi, i7shi, i7shu
succeed inga7, inga7i, inga7u
suffer 3aani, 3aani, 3aanu
suit naasib, nasbi, nasbu
be suitable naasib, nasbi, nasbu
support da33am, da33ami, da33amu
surprise faagi2, fag2i, fag2u
swab imsa7, imsa7i, imsa7u
sweat i3ra2, i3ra2i, i3ra2u
swim 3uum, 3uumi, 3uumu
switch / turn off (engine) BaTTaL, BaTTaLi, BaTTaLu
switch off (light or fire or motor) iTFi, iTFi, iTFu
switch on (light or fire) walla3, walla3i, walla3u
take 7'ud, 7'udi, 7'udu
be taken ittaa7'id, itta7'di, itta7'du
take advantage of ista3'il, ista3'ili, ista3'ilu
take a walk / have a walk itmashsha, itmashshi, itmashshu
take off i2la3, i2la3i, i2la3u
36
take shower / bathe ista7amma, ista7ammi, ista7ammu
talk / speak itkallim, itkallimi, itkallimu
taste duu2, duu2i, duu2u
teach darris, darrisi, darrisu
taught darras
taught 3allim
be taught it3allim, it3allimi, it3allimu
tease 3'eeZ, 3'eeZi, 3'eeZu
tell 2uul, 2uuli, 2uulu
tell a story i7ki, i7ki, i7ku
thank ishkor, ishkori, ishkoru
think faKKaR, faKKaRi, faKKaRu
be thirsty i3Tash, i3Tashi, i3Tashu
throw irmi, irmi, irmu
be thrown itrimi, itrimi, itrimu
tie oRBoT, oRBoTi, oRBoTu
tolerate ista7mil, ista7mili, ista7milu
touch ilmis, ilmisi, ilmisu
train DaRRab, DaRRabi, DaRRabu
be trained itDaRRab, itDaRRabi, itDaRRabu
transfer (movement) in2il, in2ili, in2ilu
transfer money / convert s-thing 7awwil, 7awwili, 7awwilu
be transferred itni2il, itni2li, itni2lu
translate targim, targimi, targimu
travel saafir, safri, safru
treat (sickness) 3aalig, 3algi, 3algu
try (attempt) 7aawil, 7awli, 7awlu
try (test) garrab, garrabi, grrabu
37
turn (s-thing around) leff, leffi, leffu
turn (direction) 7'ushsh, 7'ushshi, 7'ushshu
turn / switch on (engine or motor) sha3'3'al, sha3'3'ali, sha3'3'aleen
turn upside down i2lib, i2libi, i2libu
understand ifham, ifhami, ifhamu
use ista3mil, ista3mili, ista3milu
get used to it3awwid, it3awwidi, it3awwidu
be useful feed, feedi, feedu
visit someone or something zuur, zuuri, zuuru
vomit ragga3, ragga3i, ragga3u
vote SawwaT, SawwaTi, SawwaTu
wait istanna, istanni, istannu
wake (s-one) up Sa77i, Sa77i, Sa77u
wake up iS7a, iS7i, iS7u
walk imshi, imshi, imshu
want 3uuz, 3uuzi, 3uuzu
warm up sa7'7'an, sa7'7'ani, sa7'7'anu
warn 7aZZar, 7aZZari, 7aZZaru
wash i3'sil, i3'sili, i3'silu
be washed it3'isil, it3'isli, it3'islu
watch itfarrag, itfarragi, itfarragu
wave shaawir, shawri, shawru
wear ilbis, ilbisi, ilbisu
weigh iwzin, iwzini, iwzinu
welcome Ra77aB, Ra77aBi, Ra77aBu
weld il7im, il7imi, il7imu
wish itmanna, itmanni, itmannu
withdraw is7ab, is7abi, is7abu
38
witness ishhad, ishhadi, ishhadu
work ishta3'al, ishta3'ali, ishta3'alu
be worth it istaahil, Istahli, istahlu
write iktib, iktibi, iktibu
be written itkitib, itkitbi, itkitbu

39
(B) Verbs in the Past Tense Form

accept ibil
affect 2aSSaR
be afraid of 7'aaf
agree waafi2
allow sama7
be angry itdaayi2
get angry Itnarfiz
annoy daayi2
be annoyed itdaayi2
answer / reply RaDD
apologise i3tazar
appear baan
approach 2aRRab
argue gaadil
arrange rattib
arrest 2aBaD
get arrested Itmasak
arrive waSal
ask (about something) sa2al
ask for / order / request TaLaB
assume ifTaRaD
attack haagim
be kaan (irregular)
be able 2idir
beat / hit DaRaB
get more beautiful i7law

40
be careful! (phrase) 7'alla baalu
become ba2a
become adjusted itZaBBaT
begin / start bada2
believe sadda2
believe in 2aamin
get benefit Istafaad
be quiet! / shut up! sikit
blame laam
bless Baarik
block Sad
blow nafa7’
boil 3’ala
book 7agaz
feel bored zihi2
be born Itwalad
borrow Istalaf
brake farmil
break kasar
be broken Itkasar
break down Bawwaz
breathe itnaffis
bring Gab
bring back / return ragga3
build bana
buy Ishtara
call (by phone) iTTaSal
call out naada
41
call to prayer Iddan
calm down Hidi
care Ihtamm
be careful 7aasib
be careful! (phrase) 7'alla baalu
carry shaal
catch misik
cause sabbib
change 3'ayyaR
be changed it3'ayyaR
chat dardish
choose i7'Taar
clean naDDaF
close 2afal
collect gamma3
comb sarra7
come ge (irregular)
come back raga3
come down nazal
come here! ge (irregular)
commit Iltazam
communicate tawaasal
complain ishtaka
complete kammil
confuse la7'Bat
get confused itla7'BaT
congratulate baarik
consider i3tabar
42
contact ittaSal
continue kammil
be convenient naasib
convert item / transfer money 7awwil
cook TaBa7’
correct / repair Salla7
cost Kallif
cough ka77
count 3add
cover 3'aTTa
be covered it3'aTTa
crash 7’aBaT
cross over / pass by 3adda
cure 3aalig
get cured it3aalig
cut 2aTa3
deal 3aamil
be dealt with it3aamil
deal with 3aamil
decide KaRRaR
decrease 2allil
defend daafi3
delay 2a7'7'aR
deliver waSSal
describe waSaF
deserve istaahil
design Sammim
develop TawwaR
43
be developed iTTawwar
die Maat
get dirty itwassa7'
disappear i7'tafa
discover Iktashaf
discuss naa2ish
dismantle Fakk
divorce TaLLa2
become dizzy daa7'
do 3amal
be done it3amal
go down Nizil
dream 7ilim
drink Shirib
drive saa2
dry nashshif
eat Kal
be embarrassed Itkasaf
become empty fiDi
engage 7’aTaB
get engaged it7'aTab
enter da7’al
equal Saawa
be equal Saawa
erase masa7
escape Hirib
excuse 3aZaR
excuse me 3aZaR
44
exit / go out 7’aRag
expand wassa3
expect tawaKKa3
become expensive 3’ili
explain shara7
exploit ista3'all
export SaDDar
extend Madd
be extended Itmadd
fall wi2i3
fear 7'aaf
feed Akkil
feel 7ass
fight (verbally or physically) it7'aani2
fill Mala
be filled Itmala
filter Saffa
find laa2a
finish 7'aLLaS
be finished 7’ilis
fire (from work) Rafad
fit (as in suit someone/thing) Naasib
fix ZaBBaT
be fixed itSalla7
fly Taar
fool isTa3BaT
forbid mana3
forget Nisi
45
be forgotten Itnasa
forgive saami7
freeze Tallig
fry 2ala
become full Itmala
gather Lamm
get angry Itnarfiz
get arrested itmasak
get benefit istafaad
get confused itla7'BaT
get cured it3aalig
get dirty itwassa7'
get engaged it7'aTab
get married itgawwiz
get more beautiful i7law
get moved it7arrak
get off Nizil
get up 2aam
get used to it3awwid
give Idda
give back ragga3
go raa7
go for a walk Itmashsha
go home rawwa7
go on / continue Kammil
go out 7’aRag
go up Tili3
greet Sallim
46
grill Shawa
grow up kibir
hang 3alla2
happen 7aSal
be happy inbaSat
have a walk / take a walk Itmashsha
have breakfast FiTir
have dinner it3ashsha
have lunch it3'adda
have mercy Ra7am
have rest istirayya7
hear / listen simi3
heat up sa7'7'an
help saa3id
hide 7'abba
hire 3ayyin
hit / beat DaRaB
be hit itDarab
hold misik
be honoured Itsharraf
hope Itmanna
become hot si7’in
be hungry gaa3
hurry (someone) isti3gil
hurt waga3
imagine it7'ayyal
improve 7assen
increase zawwid
47
inform 3aRRaf
insist Sammim
install rakkib
be installed itrakkib
instruct 3allim
insult Shatam
introduce 2addim
invite 3azam
iron kawa
irritate narfiz
joke haZZar
keep 7'alla
keep doing FiDil
kill 2atal
be killed it2atal
kiss baas
know 3irif
last daam
be late it2a7'7'aR
laugh di7ik
learn it3allim
leave (a person leaves) mishi
leave (something behind) Saab
lend Sallif
let alone / leave alone Saab
lie (tell untruth) katab
lift RaFa3
like 7abb
48
listen / hear simi3
live (as a resident / being alive) 3aash
lock sakk
look BaSS
look for dawwar
lose (an item) Dayya3
get lost (an item gets lost) Daa3
lose (game) 7’isir
lose (the way) taah
love 7abb
make (create) 3amal
make (someone) happy BaSaT
make (someone) understand fahhim
make (turn or change to) 7'alla
make a deal ittafa2
manage DaaR
marry itgawwiz
get married itgawwiz
mash (eg potatos) haras
meet 2aabil
meet (each other) it2aabil
be met it2aabil
melt saa7
memorise 7aFaZ
miss ifTaKad
be missed wa7ash
mix 2allib
move 7arrak
49
get moved it7arrak
move house 3azzil
name samma
need i7taag
negotiate price faaSil
occupy (a country) i7tall
get off nizil
offer 3aRaD
open Fata7
be opened itfata7
order (something) TaLaB
organise rattib
be organized Itrattib
be paid iddafa3
park rakan
participate in s/th Ishtarak
pass by / cross (over) 3adda
pay dafa3
pay attention intabah
peel 2ashshaR
permit sama7
photograph Sawwar
be photographed itSawwaR
place 7aTT
plant zara3
play li3ib
play the fool isTa3BaT
please 3agab
50
be poisoned Itsammim
postpone 2aggil
pray Salla
prepare 7aDDar
present 2addim
promise wa3ad
protect 7ama
pull shadd
push za22
put 7aTT
be put in jail it7abas
put on (clothes) libis
put up with ista7mil
be quiet sikit
rain maTTar
raise RaFa3
be raised / be reared itrabba
raise up rabba
read 2aRa
receive istalam
recover (get better) 7'aff
reduce 2allil
regret nidim
remain fiDil
remember iftakar
remove shaal
be removed itshaal
renew gaddid
51
be renewed itgaddid
rent 2aGGar
repair / correct Salla7
be repaired itSalla7
reply / answer RaDD
report balla3'
request Talab
reserve 7agaz
resist Kaawim
respect i7taram
respond istagaab
return rigi3
return sth back ragga3
return home rawwa7
ride rikib
ring (to make sound) rann
run giri
run out / finish 7’ilis
sacrifice Da77a
be said it2aal
satisfy RaDa
save (info or memorise) 7afaZ
save (money on discounted item) waffaR
save money (from income) 7awwish
say 2aal
scratch 7'arbish
search for dawwar
see shaaf
52
be seen itshaaf
select i7'Taar
sell baa3
send ba3at
shock 7'aDD
be shocked it7'aDD
shoot Ta7'7'
show warra
shut 2afal
shut up! sikit
sign MaDa
sit / stay 2a3ad
sleep naam
smell shamm
smile ibtasam
smoke da7'7'an
be sold itbaa3
solve 7all
be solved it7all
soothe hidi
soak 3’arra2
sort rattib
speak itkallim
spend (time) 2aDDa
spend night time sihir
spray rashsh
squeeze 3aSar
stand up wi2if
53
start bada2
stay / sit 2a3ad
stay fiDil
stay up late sihir
steal sara2
be stolen itsiri2
stop (yourself moving) 2o2aF
stop (to stop something) wa22if
stop doing BaTTal
study daras
stuff 7asha
succeed naga7
suffer 3aana
suit naasib
be suitable naasib
support da33am
surprise faagi2
swab masa7
sweat 3iri2
swim 3aam
switch / turn off (engine) BaTTaL
switch off (light or fire or motor) TaFa
switch on (light or fire) walla3
take 7'ad
be taken ittaa7'id
take advantage of ista3'al
take a walk / have a walk itmashsha
take off 2ala3
54
take shower / bathe ista7amma
talk / speak itkallim
taste daa2
teach darris
taught 3arraf
taught 3allim
be taught it3allim
tease 3'aaZ
tell 2aal
tell a story 7aka
thank SHaKaR
think faKKaR
be thirsty 3iTiSH
throw rama
be thrown itrama
tie RaBaT
tolerate ista7mil
touch lamas
train DaRRab
be trained itDaRRab
transfer (movement) na2al
transfer money / convert s-thing 7awwil
be transferred itna2al
translate targim
travel saafir
treat (sickness) 3aalig
try (attempt) 7aawil
try (test) garrab
55
turn (s-thing around) laff
turn (direction) 7'ashsh
turn / switch on (engine or motor) sha3'3'al
turn upside down 2alab
understand fihim
use ista3mil
get used to it3awwid
be useful faad
visit someone or something zaar
vomit ragga3
vote SawwaT
wait istanna
wake (s-one) up Sa77a
wake up Si7i
walk mishi
want 3aaz
warm up sa7'7'an
warn 7aZZar
wash 3’asal
be washed it3'asal
watch itfarrag
wave shaawir
wear libis
weigh wazan
welcome Ra77aB
weld 7ama
wish itmanna
withdraw sa7ab
56
witness shihid
work ishta3'al
be worth it istaahil
write katab
be written itkatab

57
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