Scribd
Upload
46 views37 pages

Cell Division

The document discusses the cell cycle and two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis produces two daughter cells identical to the parent cell and is used for growth and repair. It has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes and is used to produce gametes. Meiosis has two divisions: meiosis I which separates homologous chromosomes, and meiosis II which separates sister chromatids.

Uploaded by

Manas Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
46 views37 pages

Cell Division

The document discusses the cell cycle and two types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis produces two daughter cells identical to the parent cell and is used for growth and repair. It has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes and is used to produce gametes. Meiosis has two divisions: meiosis I which separates homologous chromosomes, and meiosis II which separates sister chromatids.

Uploaded by

Manas Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 37

The Cell Cycle

&
Cell Division
BY
Dr.SANTOSH TIWARI (BTS)
Cell division
• It is a process by which a cell divides into
two or more daughter cells.
• Cell cycle can be defined as the sequential
and programmed events that take place
regularly and in a cyclic manner during the
life of the cell.
The Cell Cycle
MITOSIS
Mitosis
It is type of cell division where in the
daughter cells receive the same number
of chromosome as that of the parent
cell. So mitosis leads to increase in the
number of cells without any change in
the genetic constitution.
The daughter cells are identical to
one another and to the original parent
cell.
Mitosis can be divided into stages

• Interphase
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase & Cytokinesis
Interphase
The cell prepares for division
• Animal Cell • Plant Cell
– DNA replicated – DNA replicated
– Organelles replicated – Organelles replicated
– Cell increases in size – Cell increases in size
Interphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm


Prophase
The cell prepares for nuclear division

• Animal Cell • Plant cell


– Packages DNA into – Packages DNA into
chromosomes chromosomes
Prophase
Animal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm


Metaphase
The cell prepares chromosomes for
division
• Animal Cell • Plant Cell
– Chromosomes line up – Chromosomes line up
at the center of the cell at the center of the cell
– Spindle fibers attach – Spindle fibers attach
from daughter cells to from daughter cells to
chromosomes at the chromosomes at the
centromere centromere
Metaphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm


Anaphase
The chromosomes divide
• Animal Cell • Plant Cell
– Spindle fibers pull – Spindle fibers pull
chromosomes apart chromosomes apart
– ½ of each – ½ of each
chromosome (called chromosome (called
chromotid) moves to chromotid) moves to
each daughter cell each daughter cell
Anaphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm


Telophase
The cytoplasm divides
• Animal Cell • Plant Cell
– DNA spreads out – DNA spreads out
– 2 nuclei form – 2 nuclei form
– Cell wall pinches in to – New cell wall forms
form the 2 new between to nuclei to
daughter cells form the 2 new
daughter cells
Telophase
Animal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm


Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase Prophase

Metaphase Anaphase

Telophase Interphase
Plant Mitosis -- Review
Interphase Prophase

Metaphase Anaphase

Telophase Interphase
MEIOSIS
Meiosis

Meiosis is the type of cell division by which


germ cells (eggs and sperm) are produced.

One parent cell produces four daughter


cells.
Daughter cells have half the number of
chromosomes found in the original
parent cell
Meiosis

During meiosis, DNA


replicates(chromosome) once, but
the nucleus(cell) divides twice.
Meiosis

Four stages can be described for each


division of the nucleus.
Meiosis I
First division of meiosis i.e.
reductional division
First Division of Meiosis
• Prophase 1: Each chromosome duplicates and
remains closely associated. These are called sister
chromatids.

• Metaphase 1: Chromosomes align at the center of the


cell.

• Anaphase 1: Chromosome pairs separate with sister


chromatids remaining together.

• Telophase 1: Two daughter cells are formed with


each daughter containing only one chromosome of the
chromosome pair.
Prophase I

http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Prophase I

http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Metaphase I

http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Telophase I

http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Meiosis
Second Division of Meiosis
Second Division of Meiosis
• Prophase 2: DNA does not replicate.

• Metaphase 2: Chromosomes line up at the center of


the cell

• Anaphase 2: Centromeres divide and sister


chromatids move separately to each pole.

• Telophase 2: Cell division is complete.

Four haploid daughter cells are formed.


Prophase II

http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Metaphase II

http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Telophase II

http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
Meiosis

http://www.biosci.uga.edu/almanac/bio_103/notes/apr_3.html.
Meiosis Animation

http://www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/movie/meiosis.htm
Differences in Mitosis & Meiosis
• Mitosis • Meiosis
– Asexual – Sexual
– Cell divides once – Cell divides twice
– Two daughter cells – Four haploid daughter
– Genetic information is cells
identical – Genetic information is
different
Comparison Animations

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/divi_flash.html

http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/7th/gen
etics/sciber/animatin.htm

You might also like