Bilkent University

Computer Engineering Department

CS 515
Mobile and Wireless Networking
Midterm Exam
Date: 29 November, 2002
Duration: 120 minutes

Name of the Student

ID of the Student

GRADE

1 – (30)
2 – (10)
3 – (5)
4 – (11)
5 – (9)
6 – (10)
7 – (10)
8 – (10)
9 – (5)

Please try to write as clean as possible!

Good Luck!

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Problem 1 (30 points)

Put a tick under T (True) or F (False) for each of the statements below. A correct answer
will get +2 points, a wrong answer will get -1 points (.i.e two wrong answers will cancel a
correct answer). Hence, there is a chance of getting a negative total grade if you mark
without knowing the answers.

Statement T F

a Both TDMA and FDMA systems require digital modulation.

Cellular phones usually use higher data-rate speech coding than cordless
b
phones because they are more complex.
GPRS and EDGE are examples of 2.5G networks and EDGE supports
c
more data-rates than GPRS.
Rayleigh fading is more likely to occur for low symbol-rate (narrowband)
d message signals compared to the high symbol-rate (wideband) message
signals.
Low-tier systems has usually lower user/system capacity in a region than
e
high-tier systems.
RMS delay spread value is usually smaller in micro-cell environments
f
compared to macro-cells.
Fast fading occurs when the coherence time of the RF channel is smaller
g
than the symbol period of the message.
h If a receiver station is stationary, then no small-scale fading occurs.
A periodic sinusoidal signal has larger spectral bandwidth than a periodic
i
square wave signal.
j Frequency selective fading does not cause inter-symbol interference.
Ricean fading occurs when there is one LOS component in a multipath
k
channel.
Amplitude modulation performs better in multipath environment than
l
frequency modulation.
m QPSK is more bandwidth efficient then BPSK.
Adding error control codes on digital messages reduces the power
h efficiency of a modulation technique, because messages gets larger and
we need to consume more energy.
o CDPD is overlaid on AMPS US cellular telephone system.

2
Problem 2 (10 point)

a) (4) If a mobile radio link operates with 30 dB SNR and uses 200 kHz RF channel for
transmission, find the theoretic data-rate limit that can be transported over this channel

b) (3x2) A multi-path radio environment has an RMS delay spread () value of 2s.
1. Find the 50% coherence bandwidth for the channel

2. Can a GSM cellular system operate in this environment without needing an

equalizer? (yes or no)

3. A signal that is to be transmitted over this channel has symbol-rate of 721

Kbps. Does signal experiences flat fading or frequency selective fading when
transmitted over this multi-path channel.

Problem 3 (5 points)

You are driving on a straight and endless Central-Anatolian highway with your car.
Ahead of you, at the horizon, a policeman stands and points his radar to you and
measures your speed. The radar he is using is working on Doppler shift principle at
900Mhz. It detects a frequency shift of 450 Hz in the reflected signal from your car
compared to the transmitted signal. What is the speed of your car measured by the
radar? Express you answer in km/hour.

3
Problem 4 (15 points)

A macro-cell base station transmits at a power of 100 W at 1800 MHz. . A mobile

receiver, that is traveling in a direction that makes 30 degrees angle with the direction of
the received signals from the base station, measures the received signal strength
as -53.9 dBm and reports this to the base station over a reverse channel. After 20
seconds later, the mobile again measures the received signal strength, this time as -41.4
dBm and reports it to the base station. Assume the 30 degrees angle nearly remains
constant during the 20 seconds travel. Assume antenna gain of 1 for both receiver and
transmitter antennas and assume free space propagation model (n = 2) between base
station and mobile.
a) (7) What is the speed of the mobile expressed in km/hour?
b) (4) What is the Doppler shift experienced by the mobile?

4
Problem 5 (9 points)

An FM modulator has a frequency deviation constant of 50Hz/V. The modulating signal

is a sinusoid of amplitude 4V and frequency 1 kHz. The carrier signal has a carrier
frequency of 100kHz and a constant amplitude of 40V.

a) (3) What is the peak frequency deviation?

b) (3) What is the modulation index?

c) (3) Using Carson’s rule, find the upper and lower bounds for the 98% required
channel bandwidth (BT) that can be used to transmit this signal.

5
Problem 6 (10 points)

In a street micro-cell environment, a base station transmits at a power level of 1W at 900

MHz. The reference distance d0 is 100m. For a mobile receiver that is moving along the
street, the path loss exponent (n) is 2 between 100m and to a break-point distance. After
that break-point distance, the path loss exponent (n) is 4. The mobile receiver measures
the received power as -58.6 dBm at a distance of 1000 meters from the base station.
What is the break-point distance at which the path loss exponent changes from 2 to 4
(Assume free space propagation model between transmitter and reference distance;
assume antenna gains are 1).

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Problem 7 (10 points)

IS-95 GSM IS-136 PDC

Uplink
Frequencies 824-849 MHz 890-915 MHz 824-849 MHz 810-826 MHz
(MHz)
Downlink
Frequencies 869-894 MHz 935-960 MHz 869-894 MHz 940-956 MHz
Duplexing FDD FDD FDD FDD
Multiple Access CDMA TDMA with FDMA TDMA with FDMA TDMA with FDMA
Modulation
BPSK GMSK /4 DQPSK /4 DQPSK
Channel
1.25 MHz 200 KHz 30 KHz 25 KHz
Bandwidth
Channel Data
1.228 Mbps 270.833 Kbps 48.6 Kbps 42 Kbps
Rate
Voice circuits per
64 8 3 3
channel
Speech Coding CELP at 13Kbps RPE-LTP at 13 VSELP at 7.95 VSELP at 6.7
Kbps Kbps Kbps
Frequency Reuse
1 1/3 1/4 1/4
Factor

Using the table above, compute the parameters asked in a) and b) for the following
systems (Assuming that a user uses exactly one voice channel –or- circuit):
 IS-95 (USA CDMA based digital cellular system),
 GSM (European digital cellular system),
 IS-136 (USA TDMA based digital cellular system)
 PDC (Japanese digital cellular system).

a) (4) The modulation bandwidth efficiency of each system.

7
b) (6) System capacity of each system normalized to GSM system capacity.
(Assume the range of a cell is same for all systems). (By normalized I mean: you
will take the system capacity of GSM as 1 and express the system capacity of
other systems with respect to this).

8
Problem 8 (10 points)

v(t) m/s

20

Time (t)
20 80 100

A car is traveling along a street with velocity v(t) as shown in the figure. The received
signal experiences multi-path Rayleigh fading on a 900 MHz CW (continues wave)
modulated carrier. Assume =0.1 and ignore large-scale fading affects.

a) (5) What is the average level crossing rate over the 100s interval?
b) (5) What is the average fade duration over the 100s interval?

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Problem 9 (5 points)

Two mobiles, X and Y, are transmitting concurrently using code division multiple access
(CDMA) technique. A receiver hearing both of these transmissions, receives the
combined signal X+Y and uses CDMA technique to despread it and obtain the original
message signal (data bits) of mobile X. The receiver has the codeword of X as 010011.
Obtain the data bits (message signal) that is transmitted from X.

1
X+Y’s
signal that 0
is received -1

Write down your answer for this question here: _______________________

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