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Preparation of Buffers

1. Buffers are solutions that can resist changes in pH upon addition of small amounts of acid or base. They work by neutralizing added H+ or OH- ions via chemical reactions. 2. The document discusses the preparation of different buffer solutions including acidic buffers made from a weak acid and its salt, and basic buffers made from a weak base and its salt. Acetic acid/sodium acetate is used as an example buffer system. 3. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a buffer solution to the ratio of the concentrations of the acid and conjugate base forms of the buffer components. It is used to calculate the pH of prepared buffer solutions.

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214 views

Preparation of Buffers

1. Buffers are solutions that can resist changes in pH upon addition of small amounts of acid or base. They work by neutralizing added H+ or OH- ions via chemical reactions. 2. The document discusses the preparation of different buffer solutions including acidic buffers made from a weak acid and its salt, and basic buffers made from a weak base and its salt. Acetic acid/sodium acetate is used as an example buffer system. 3. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation relates the pH of a buffer solution to the ratio of the concentrations of the acid and conjugate base forms of the buffer components. It is used to calculate the pH of prepared buffer solutions.

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Ash
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PREPARATION OF DIFFERENT

BUFFER SOLUTION
OBJECTIVES

1.  To understand the nature of buffers solutions.

2.  To learn how to prepare buffers.


BUFFERS

•  Biological life cannot withstand changes in


hydrogen ion concentrations which we measure as
the pH.

•  All biochemical reactions occur under strict


conditions of the concentration of hydrogen ion.

•  Buffers are Those solutions that have the ability to


resist changes in pH.
•  A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH upon the
addition of limited amounts of acid or base.

There are two types of buffers:

Acidic buffer Basic buffer


are made from a weak acid and are made from a weak base
its salts and its salts
Example: Example:
CH3COOH-CH3COONa NH3-NH4CL
•  CH3COOH - weak acid •  NH3-weak base
•  CH3COO-Na+ - •  NH4Cl –
SALT(CONJUGATED BASE) SALT(CONJUGATED acid)
HOW BUFFERS CAN RESIST THE
CHANGE IN PH?
•  Example: acidic buffer (CH3COOH,CH3COO-)
•  When H+ ions are added to the system they will react
with the conjugate base in the buffer as follows,
•  CH3COO- + H+ --------> CH3COOH
•  When OH- ions are added they will react with the
conjugate acid in the buffer as follows,
•  CH3COOH + OH---------->CH3COO- + H2O

•  NOTE: It resists pH changes when it’s two components


are present in specific proportions
•  As soon as you run out of one of the forms you no longer
have a buffer
HENDERSON HASSELBALCH EQUATION

•  The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is an equation that is


often used to perform the calculations required in preparation
of buffers for use in the laboratory.

•  pH=pKa+ log​[𝑨−]/[𝑯𝑨] 

•  This equation is derived from acid dissociation constant:


•  Ka=[​ 𝐻+][𝐴−]/[𝐻𝐴] 

•  A buffer is best used close to its pKa

•  To act as a good buffer the pH of the solution must be within


one pH unit of the pKa.
Exp (1) : Nature of buffers
•  You are provided with : 0.2M solution of CH3COOH,0.2M solution of
CH3COONa.
•  Determine for your acid-base pair which is the acid component
and which is the base component.
•  Calculate the volume that you must take from CH3COOH and
CH3COONa (the final volume of the solution =20 ml)
•  pKa of CH3COOH= 4.76

SOLUTION ml HA ml A- Final CALCULAT MEAURED


volume ED pH pH
100%HA 20 ml 0 20 ml 2.72
75%HA, 25%A- 15 ml 5 ml 20 ml 4.28
50%HA, 50%A- 10 ml 10 ml 20 ml 4.76

25%HA, 75%A- 5 ml 15 ml 20 ml 5.24


PH CALCULATIONS

•  Calculated pH:

** 100% HA : ** 75%HA , 25% A-

pH = (pKa + p[HA])/2 PH = Pka + log [A-]/[HA]


p[HA]= -log 0.2 = 0.69 PH= 4.76 + log [A-]/[HA]
pH = ( 4.76 + 0.69)/2 =2.72 no.of moles of A-= Mx V( in L)
=0.2 x 0.005=. 0.001 moles
No.of moles of HA = 0.2 x 0.015
= 0.003 moles
pH= 4.76 + log (0.001/0.003)
=4.2
PH CALCULATIONS

** 50%HA , 50% A- ** 25%HA , 75% A-


PH = Pka + log [A-]/[HA]
PH = Pka + log [A-]/[HA]
PH= 4.76 + log [A-]/[HA]
PH= 4.76 + log [A-]/[HA]
no.of moles of A-= Mx V( in L) no.of moles of A-= Mx V( in L)
=0.2 x 0.01=. 0.002 moles =0.2 x 0.015=. 0.003 moles
No.of moles of HA = 0.2 x 0.01 No.of moles of HA = 0.2 x 0.005
= 0.002 moles = 0.001 moles
pH= 4.76 + log (0.002/0.002) pH= 4.76 + log (0.003/0.001)
=5.24
=4.76
EXP (2): PREPARATION OF BUFFER

•  You are provided with 0.2M solution of acetic acid


and solid sodium acetate , pKa =4.76).Prepare 45ml
of a 0.2M acetate buffer pH =4.86.
CALCULATIONS
•  0.2 M acetic acid
•  Solid sodium acetate
•  Pka = 4.76
•  Final volume of buffer =45ml
•  Buffer concentration = 0.2 M
•  Buffer Conc. = [HA] + [A-] = 0.2 M
EXP(3): TESTING FOR BUFFERING
BEHAVIOR

•  Table 3. For the 0.2M acetate buffer prepare:

Solution(10 of Measured Add 2M pH after


each) pH HCl(0.1ml) HCl
0.2M acetate
buffer.
o.2M KCl.

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