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Reciprocal Levelling Survey

Reciprocal leveling is a technique used to find the accurate relative elevation between two widely separated points that cannot be connected by a conventional leveling setup. It involves taking leveling measurements from both points, with the instrument set up near each point. This allows the elevation of each point to be computed from the other point. By averaging the two elevations computed, errors from factors like the curvature of Earth and refraction are cancelled out, providing a more accurate elevation. The key apparatus used are a level, staff, tape, pins and tripod.

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Suman Jyoti
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8K views9 pages

Reciprocal Levelling Survey

Reciprocal leveling is a technique used to find the accurate relative elevation between two widely separated points that cannot be connected by a conventional leveling setup. It involves taking leveling measurements from both points, with the instrument set up near each point. This allows the elevation of each point to be computed from the other point. By averaging the two elevations computed, errors from factors like the curvature of Earth and refraction are cancelled out, providing a more accurate elevation. The key apparatus used are a level, staff, tape, pins and tripod.

Uploaded by

Suman Jyoti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reciprocal leveling

Prepared by:
Suman Jyoti
Reciprocal leveling
Reciprocal leveling: Is to find the difference in elevation between
two faraway points, the observations are fraught with errors. The
errors may arise out of the curvature of the earth or intervening
atmosphere (associated with variation in temperature and
refraction) or instrument (due to error in collimation) or any
combination of these.
Aim: To find accurate relative elevations of two widely separated
inter visible points (between which levels cannot be set),
reciprocal leveling is being used.
Apparatus Used :
1) Level
2) Staff
3) Tape
4) Pins
5) Tripod
Procedure
When it is necessary to run levels accurately over rivers and
other obstacles where the BS and FS distances must
necessarily be different, a procedure called reciprocal leveling
is used. This provides another way to cancel or average out
instrumental errors as well as the effects refraction and the
earth’s curvature.

This procedure involves two instrument setups, one near by


each point. From each instrumental position, BS on point A
and an FS on point B are taken, and an elevation is computed
for point B. This will result in two different elevations for B,
due to the natural and instrumental errors. But by average the
two elevations, the effects on the errors are cancelled out, and
the ‘true’ or most probable elevation is obtained.
Procedure
Calculation
ΔA= (a –b) ΔB= (a’ –b’)
TΔ= (DEA+ DEB)/2 = [(a -b) + (a’ –
b’)]/2 Elev. BMB= Elev. BMA±TΔ
where:
ΔA = the mean difference in elevation between A and B
with level at left
ΔB = the mean difference in elevation between A and B
with level at right
TΔ= the true mean difference in elevation between A and B
Error= ΔA-ΔB
Calculation

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