Scribd
Upload
42 views

C E D C A E: Ollege of Ngineering Epartment of Ivil & Rchitectural Ngineering

This document discusses mechanical properties of materials including stress-strain diagrams, modulus of elasticity, resilience, toughness, Poisson's ratio, shear stress-strain, creep, and fatigue. It defines key terms like stress, strain, modulus of elasticity, resilience, toughness, Poisson's ratio, shear modulus, creep and fatigue. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, and shear modulus for given materials. Creep and fatigue failures due to long-term stress and repeated loading are also summarized.

Uploaded by

hend mahmoud
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
42 views

C E D C A E: Ollege of Ngineering Epartment of Ivil & Rchitectural Ngineering

This document discusses mechanical properties of materials including stress-strain diagrams, modulus of elasticity, resilience, toughness, Poisson's ratio, shear stress-strain, creep, and fatigue. It defines key terms like stress, strain, modulus of elasticity, resilience, toughness, Poisson's ratio, shear modulus, creep and fatigue. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, and shear modulus for given materials. Creep and fatigue failures due to long-term stress and repeated loading are also summarized.

Uploaded by

hend mahmoud
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL & ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

CVEN 214: STRENGTH OF MATERIALS


Chapter 3: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL
Dr Mohammed Elshafie

Fall, 2017
The fascinating world of materials!
The fascinating world of materials!
The fascinating world of materials!
Stress (σ) – strain (ε) diagrams-Mild Steel
(1) Modulus of Elasticity: Hooke’s Law:

 Hooke’s Law defines the linear relationship


between stress and strain within the elastic
region.

σ σ = stress
E= E = modulus of elasticity or Young’s modulus (N/m2)
ε ε = strain

 E can be used only if a material has linear–elastic behaviour.


(2) Modulus of Resilience: Strain Energy

 When material is deformed by external loading, it will store energy


internally throughout its volume.
 Energy is related to the strains called strain energy.
Modulus of Resilience
 When stress reaches the proportional limit, the strain-energy density
is the modulus of resilience, ur.

1 σ pl
2
1
ur =σ pl ε pl , Nm −2
2 2 E
(3) Modulus of Toughness: Strain Energy

Toughness is also defined as the resistance to


fracture of a material when stressed

 Modulus of toughness, ut, represents the entire


area under the stress–strain diagram.
 It indicates the strain-energy density of the material
just before it fractures.
(4) Poisson’s Ratio

 Poisson’s ratio, v, states that in the elastic range, the


ratio of its two strains is a constant since the
deformations are proportional.
ε lateral
v= − Poisson’s ratio is dimensionless.
ε longidudinal Typical values are 1/3 or 1/4.

 Negative sign since longitudinal elongation (positive


strain) causes lateral contraction (negative strain), and
vice versa.
Limitations

• Poisson’s ratio is constant in the linearly elastic


range
• Material must be homogeneous (same
composition at every point)
• Materials having the same properties in all
directions are called isotropic
• If the properties differ in various directions the
materials called anisotropic
SHEAR STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM

 Strength parameter G – Shear modulus of elasticity or the


modules of rigidity
 G is related to the modulus of elasticity E and Poisson’s ratio
v.

τ = Gγ

E
G=
2(1 + v )
EXAMPLE 3.4 E = 200GPa
Poission’s Ratio
= 0.32
EXAMPLE 3.4
(CONTINUED)
EXAMPLE 3.5
EXAMPLE 3.5
(CONTINUED)
EXAMPLE 3.6
EXAMPLE 3.6
(CONTINUED)
Failure of Materials Due to Creep and Fatigue

Creep
 When material support a load for long period of time,
it will deform until a sudden fracture occurs.
 This time-dependent permanent deformation is
known as creep.
 Both stress and/or temperature play a significant role
in the rate of creep.
 Creep strength will decrease
for higher temperatures or
higher applied stresses.
Fatigue
 When metal subjected to repeated cycles of stress or
strain, it will ultimately leads to fracture.
 This behaviour is called fatigue.
 Endurance or fatigue limit is a limit which no failure can
be detected after applying a load for a specified number
of cycles.
 This limit can be determined in S-N diagram.

You might also like